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Chemistry and spectroscopy of cross-conjugated and pseudo-cross-conjugated quinolinium-ethynyl-benzoate mesomeric betaines. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION B-A JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-2018-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The three isomers 1-methylquinolinium-2-, 3-, and 4-ethynyl(phenyl-4-carboxylates) belong to two distinct types of heterocyclic mesomeric betaines. The quinolinium substituted in position 3 is a cross-conjugated mesomeric betaine (CCMB), whereas the quinolinium derivatives substituted in positions 2 and 4 are members of the class of pseudo-cross-conjugated mesomeric betaines (PCCMBs). While the charges are strictly separated within the common π-electron system of the CCMB according to the canonical formulae, the charges are effectively but not exclusively delocalized in the PCCMBs because cumulenoid resonance forms including electron sextet structures without external octet stabilization can be formed in accordance with the definition of PCCMBs. As a consequence, despite being closely related structures, the three isomers differ in their chemical and spectroscopic behaviors. Thus, on trying to hydrolyze the ester group of the methyl quinolinium-2-ethynyl-benzoate into the corresponding acid by subsequent treatment with sodium hydroxide in methanol and aqueous hydrochloric acid at pH 3, the acetal methyl 1,1-dimethoxy-2-(quinolinium-ylidene)ethyl]benzoate and the corresponding β-enamino carbonyl compound were formed, respectively. The corresponding acids of the 2- and 4-substituted quinolinium-ethynyl-benzoates were obtained by a modified procedure. On deprotonation, the resulting cross-conjugated quinolinium-3-ethynyl-benzoate betaine proved to be stable, whereas the corresponding pseudo-cross-conjugated quinolinium-2- and -4-ethynyl-benzoate betaines decomposed. Frontier orbital profiles were calculated, and IR and Raman spectra of the starting materials were measured and calculated to analyze the differences of CCMBs and PCCMBs of mesomeric betaines possessing triple bonds. A higher contribution of the cumulenoid resonance forms to the overall structure of the PCCMBs was determined.
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Mesomeric betaines constructed of quinolinium cations and carboxylate anions separated by thiophene-ethynyl spacers as fluorescent dipoles. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Schmidt A, Batsyts S, Smeyanov A, Freese T, Hübner EG, Nieger M. Dipolar Bent and Linear Acetylenes Substituted by Cationic Quinolinium and Anionic Benzoates. Formation of Mesomeric Betaines. J Org Chem 2016; 81:4202-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schmidt
- Clausthal University of Technology, Institute of Organic
Chemistry, Leibnizstrasse
6, D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Sviatoslav Batsyts
- Clausthal University of Technology, Institute of Organic
Chemistry, Leibnizstrasse
6, D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Alexey Smeyanov
- Clausthal University of Technology, Institute of Organic
Chemistry, Leibnizstrasse
6, D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Tyll Freese
- Clausthal University of Technology, Institute of Organic
Chemistry, Leibnizstrasse
6, D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Eike G. Hübner
- Clausthal University of Technology, Institute of Organic
Chemistry, Leibnizstrasse
6, D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Martin Nieger
- University of Helsinki, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory
of Inorganic Chemistry, P.O. Box 55, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
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Szafran M, Ostrowska K, Katrusiak A, Dega-Szafran Z. Spectral and structural studies of dimethylphenyl betaine hydrate. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 128:844-851. [PMID: 24704602 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Hydrates of betaines can be divided into four groups depending on the interactions of their water molecules with the carboxylate group. Dimethylphenyl betaine crystallizes as monohydrate (1), in which water molecules mediate in hydrogen bonds between the carboxylate groups. The water molecules are H-bonded only to one oxygen atom of the dimethylphenyl betaine molecules and link them into a chain via two O(1W)-H⋯O hydrogen bonds of the lengths 2.779(2) and 2.846(2)Å. The structures of monomer (2) and dimer (4) hydrates in vacuum, and the structure of monomer (3) in an aqueous environment have been optimized by the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) approach and the geometrical results have been compared with the X-ray diffraction data of 1. The calculated IR frequencies for the optimized structure have been used for the assignments of FTIR bands, the broad absorption band in the range 3415-3230 cm(-1) has been assigned to the O(1w)-H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The correlations between the experimental (1)H and (13)C NMR chemical shifts (δexp) of 1 in D2O and the magnetic isotropic shielding constants (σcalc) calculated by the GIAO/B3LYP/6-311G++(d,p) approach, using the screening solvation model (COSMO), δexp =a+b σcalc, for optimized molecule 3 in water solution are linear and well reproduce the experimental chemical shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Szafran
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Grunwaldzka 6, 60780 Poznań, Poland.
| | - K Ostrowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Grunwaldzka 6, 60780 Poznań, Poland
| | - A Katrusiak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Grunwaldzka 6, 60780 Poznań, Poland
| | - Z Dega-Szafran
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Grunwaldzka 6, 60780 Poznań, Poland
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Barczyński P, Komasa A, Katrusiak A, Dega-Szafran Z, Nowaczyk Ł, Ratajczak-Sitarz M, Szafran M. Spectroscopic and structural investigation of 2,5-dicarboxy-1-methylpyridinium inner salt. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 121:586-595. [PMID: 24291436 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.10.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The structure of 2,5-dicarboxy-1-methylpyridinium inner salt (1), has been studied by X-ray diffraction, B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) calculations, FTIR, Raman and NMR spectroscopy. The molecules are linked by short intermolecular and asymmetric O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds of 2.486(2)Å between carboxyl and carboxylate groups of neighboring molecules into infinite chains. The hydrogen bonds in the molecules optimized by the B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) approach in trimer (2) and dimer (3) are slightly longer than in the crystal. The FTIR spectrum of the investigated inner salt is dominated by a broad and intense absorption in the 1500-800 cm(-1) region attributed to the ν(as)(OHO) and γ(OHO) vibrations of the strong hydrogen bond. In the Raman spectrum the broad absorption is absent. Linear correlations, δ(exp)=a+b σ(calc) between the experimental (1)H and (13)C NMR chemical shifts (δ(exp)) of the investigated inner salt in D2O and the calculated magnetic isotropic shielding constants (σ(calc)) for the optimized monomer (4a) solvated in water are reported. The pKa value for 1 of 2.31±0.02 was determined by the potentiometric titration.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Barczyński
- Faculty of Chemistry, A. Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
| | - A Komasa
- Faculty of Chemistry, A. Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - A Katrusiak
- Faculty of Chemistry, A. Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Z Dega-Szafran
- Faculty of Chemistry, A. Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Ł Nowaczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, A. Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | | | - M Szafran
- Faculty of Chemistry, A. Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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Barczyński P, Szafran M, Ratajczak-Sitarz M, Nowaczyk Ł, Dega-Szafran Z, Katrusiak A. Structure of 2,3-dicarboxy-1-methylpyridinium chloride studied by X-ray diffraction, DFT calculation, NMR, FTIR and Raman spectra. J Mol Struct 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2011.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Structure of 2,3-dicarboxy-1-methylpyridinium monohydrate studied by X-ray diffraction, DFT calculations, FTIR, Raman and NMR spectra. J Mol Struct 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2012.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Szafran M, Katrusiak A, Dega-Szafran Z, Kowalczyk I. Structure of 4-(trimethylammonium)benzoate hydrate studied by X-ray diffraction, DFT calculations, NMR and FTIR spectra. J Mol Struct 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2011.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Barczyński P, Komasa A, Ratajczak-Sitarz M, Katrusiak A, Dega-Szafran Z, Szafran M. Structure of 3,4-dicarboxy-1-methylpyridinium inner salt studied by X-ray diffraction, DFT calculations, FTIR, Raman and NMR spectra. J Mol Struct 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2011.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Structure of 6-hydroxy-1-methylquinolinium chloride hydrate studied by X-ray, DFT calculations, FTIR and NMR spectroscopes. J Mol Struct 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2010.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Szafran M, Katrusiak A, Dega-Szafran Z, Barczyński P. Structure of 3,4-dicarboxy-1-methylpyridinium chloride studied by X-ray diffraction, DFT calculations, NMR and FTIR spectra. J Mol Struct 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2009.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Orientations of water molecule and hydronium ion in 1-methylquinolinium-3-carboxy chloride monohydrate studied by X-ray diffraction, DFT calculations, NMR, FTIR and Raman spectra. J Mol Struct 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2008.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Dega-Szafran Z, Dutkiewicz G, Fojud Z, Kosturkiewicz Z, Szafran M. Ring inversion in 4-hydroxy-1-methylpiperidine betaine studied by X-ray, FTIR, 13C CP MAS NMR and DFT calculations. J Mol Struct 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2008.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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