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Review of Non-Crystalline and Crystalline Quaternary Ammonium Ions: Classification, Structural and Thermal Insight into Tetraalkylammonium Ions. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Philippi F, Rauber D, Zapp J, Präsang C, Scheschkewitz D, Hempelmann R. Multiple Ether-Functionalized Phosphonium Ionic Liquids as Highly Fluid Electrolytes. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:443-455. [PMID: 30480374 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are promising electrolytes, although their often high viscosity remains a serious drawback. The latter can be addressed by the introduction of multiple ether functionalization. Based on the highly atom efficient synthesis of tris(2-ethoxyethyl) phosphine, several new phosphonium ionic liquids were prepared, which allows studying the influence of the ether side chains. Their most important physicochemical properties have been determined and will be interpreted using established approaches like ionicity, hole theory, and the Walden plot. There is striking evidence that the properties of phosphonium ionic liquids with the methanesulfonate anion are dominated by aggregation, whereas the two triple ether functionalized ILs with the highest fluidity show almost ideal behavior with other factors being dominant. It is furthermore found that the deviation from ideality is not significantly changed upon introduction of the ether side chains, although a very beneficial impact on the fluidity of ILs is observed. Multiple ether functionalization therefore proves as a powerful tool to overcome the disadvantages of phosphonium ionic liquids with large cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Philippi
- Physical Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus B 2 2, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Daniel Rauber
- Physical Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus B 2 2, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Transfercentre Sustainable Electrochemistry, Saarland University and KIST Europe, Am Markt, Zeile 3, 66125, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Josef Zapp
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, Campus B 2 3, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Carsten Präsang
- Krupp-Chair of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - David Scheschkewitz
- Krupp-Chair of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Rolf Hempelmann
- Physical Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus B 2 2, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Transfercentre Sustainable Electrochemistry, Saarland University and KIST Europe, Am Markt, Zeile 3, 66125, Saarbrücken, Germany
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Philippi F, Rauber D, Zapp J, Hempelmann R. Transport properties and ionicity of phosphonium ionic liquids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:23015-23023. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp04552b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel phosphonium-based ionic liquids with different anions as well as side chain composition and length in the cations exhibit transport properties deviating from ideal behaviour. This is attributed to the ionicity and is evident from the Haven ratio and the fractional Walden rule.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Philippi
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- Saarland University
- 66123 Saarbrücken
- Germany
| | - D. Rauber
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- Saarland University
- 66123 Saarbrücken
- Germany
- Transfercenter Sustainable Electrochemistry
| | - J. Zapp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology
- Saarland University
- 66123 Saarbrücken
- Germany
| | - R. Hempelmann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- Saarland University
- 66123 Saarbrücken
- Germany
- Transfercenter Sustainable Electrochemistry
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Lamas A, Brito I, Salazar F, Graber TA. Synthesis and characterization of physical, thermal and thermodynamic properties of ionic liquids based on [C12mim] and [N444H] cations for thermal energy storage. J Mol Liq 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2016.10.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Ionic conductivities of tripentylethoxyethylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide. ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-02723-9_1301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Ionic conductivities of triethylethoxyethylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide. ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-02723-9_1292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Holze R. Ionic conductivities of tributylethoxyethylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide. ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-02723-9_1288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Yim T, Kwon MS, Mun J, Lee KT. Room Temperature Ionic Liquid-based Electrolytes as an Alternative to Carbonate-based Electrolytes. Isr J Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201400181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Bhatt DR, Maheria KC, Parikh JK. A microwave assisted one pot synthesis of novel ammonium based dicationic ionic liquids. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra16251j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A greener one pot synthesis of novel ammonium based dicationic ionic liquids is carried out under microwave conditions. The present method provides a better yield and less reaction time compared to the conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshak R. Bhatt
- Applied Chemistry Department
- Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology
- Surat-395007
- India
| | - Kalpana C. Maheria
- Applied Chemistry Department
- Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology
- Surat-395007
- India
| | - Jigisha K. Parikh
- Chemical Engineering Department
- Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology
- Surat-395007
- India
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Kar M, Winther-Jensen B, Forsyth M, MacFarlane DR. Chelating ionic liquids for reversible zinc electrochemistry. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:7191-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp51102b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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