Supramolecular dithiocarbamatogold(III) complex a potential DNA binder and antioxidant agent

Antioxidant and Antibacterial Screening and Hg(II) Sensing, Activities of Cu(II)pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate Complexes

In this study five different complexes of Cu(II) were synthesized for the purpose of environmentally notorious mercury sensing and preliminary biological screening. Pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (also known as dipicolinic acid, and abbreviated as H2DPA), 3-phenyl pyrazole (3-ppz), 4-iodo-1H-pyrazole (4-ipz), 4-nitropyrazole (4-npz), 4-bromopyrazole (4-bpz), and 4-chloropyrazole (4-cpz) were chosen as potential ligands. The synthesized complexes labelled as 1-5, namely [Cu(DPA)(3-ppz)], [Cu(DPA)(4-ipz)], [Cu(DPA)(4-npz)], [Cu(DPA)(4-bpz)], [Cu(DPA)(4-cpz)], were proposed based on spectroscopic data (FTIR, TGA, and UV-visible spectroscopy). These complexes feature C=O functionalities that are not involved in coordination and may be used for further applications. The isolated complexes were utilized for detecting Hg(II) ions in water samples. Various concentrations of Hg(II) ions were prepared for detection purposes, and changes in absorption concerning complexes 1-5 were determined using UV-Visible spectroscopy. It was found that complexes 3 and 4 exhibit efficient sensing abilities towards Hg(II) ions. The antibacterial activities of complexes 1-5 were assessed against S. typhi and E. coli. The complexes 1 and 3 displayed good antibacterial activities against S. typhi (13.67, and 13.56 mm, respectively) while complexes 1, 2 and 4 were found to be efficient against E. coli (11.6, 12.66, 11.31 mm, respectively). The absorption maxima of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) at 517 nm, considerably shifted upon addition of complexes 1-5. The results reveal that the complexes possess potential free radical scavenging abilities.

Cocrystals; basic concepts, properties and formation strategies

Cocrystallization is an old technique and remains the focus of several research groups working in the field of Chemistry and Pharmacy. This technique is basically in field for improving physicochemical properties of material which can be active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) or other chemicals with poor profile. So this review article has been presented in order to combine various concepts for scientists working in the field of chemistry, pharmacy or crystal engineering, also it was attempt to elaborate concepts belonging to crystal designing, their structures and applications. A handsome efforts have been made to bring scientists together working in different fields and to make chemistry easier for a pharmacist and pharmacy for chemists pertaining to cocrystals. Various aspects of chemicals being used as co-formers have been explored which predict the formation of co-crystals or molecular salts and even inorganic cocrystals.

Syntheses and Structural Characterization of Divalent Metal Complexes (Co, Ni, Pd and Zn) of Sterically Hindered Thiourea Ligand and A Theoretical Insight of their Interaction with SARS-CoV-2 Enzyme

Reacting two equivalents of sterically hindered 1,3-bis(2,6-diethylphenyl)thiourea ligand (L) with CoCl₂, NiBr₂, PdX₂ (X = Cl; Br) and ZnI₂ in acetonitrile afforded the corresponding bulky thiourea ligand stabilized four coordinated monomeric [L₂CoCl₂] (1), [L₂NiBr₂] (2), [L₂PdX₂] (3a: X = Cl; 3b: X = Br) and [L₂ZnI₂] (4.2CH₃CN) complexes. Compound 1, 2 and 4.2CH₃CN are tetrahedral whereas Pd complexes (3a and 3b) are square planar. In solution, palladium complexes are dominated by cis-isomers. Structural characterization shows inter- and intramolecular hydrogen bonding. Hirshfeld surface and fingerprint plots indicated significant intermolecular interactions in the crystal network. Molecular docking analysis revealed relatively higher SARS-CoV-2 enzyme interacting abilities of the synthesized complexes compared to the free ligand. All compounds have been characterized by elemental analyses, NMR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction.

Selective Anticancer and Antimicrobial Metallodrugs Based on Gold(III) Dithiocarbamate Complexes

New dithiocarbamate cycloaurated complexes have been synthesized and their physicochemical and in vitro antitumor properties have been evaluated. All the performed studies highlighted good transport through the blood and biodistribution, according to the balance between the properties of hydrophilicity/lipophilicity and the binding of moderate strength to the BSA protein. Furthermore, none of the complexes exhibited reduction or decomposition reactions, presenting excellent physiological stability. The in vitro cytotoxic effect was evaluated on human colon cancer cell line Caco-2/TC7, and the complexes showed great antiproliferative activity and excellent selectivity, as much less effect was detected on normal Caco-2/TC7 cells. Most of the complexes exhibit antiproliferative activity that was better than or similar to auranofin, and at least nine times better than that of cisplatin. Its action mechanism is still under discussion since no evidence of cell cycle arrest was found, but an antioxidant role was shown for some of the selective complexes. All complexes were also tested as antimicrobial drugs, exhibiting good activity towards S. aureus and E. coli. bacteria and C. albicans and C. neoformans fungi.

DNA interaction, anticancer, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity studies with potential pyrazine-bipyrazole dinuclear µ-oxo bridged Au(III) complexes

Pyrazine-bipyrazole-based µ-oxo bridged dinuclear Au(III) complexes were synthesized and characterized by various spectrometric (¹H-NMR, ¹³C (APT) NMR, FT-IR, Mass spectrometry) and analytical techniques (elemental analysis and conductance measurement). The evaluation of DNA binding activity by UV-Vis absorption spectra and viscosity measurement demonstrated that all the compounds intercalate in between the stacks of DNA base pair and the binding constant values were observed in the range of 5.4 × 10⁴-2.17 × 10⁵ M^-1. The molecular docking study also supports the intercalation mode of binding. The anti-proliferation activity of complexes on A549 (Lung adenocarcinoma) cells by MTT assay demonstrated IC₅₀ values in the range of 47.46 -298.12 μg/mL. The genotoxicity of compounds was checked by smearing observed in the DNA of S. pombe cell under the influence of complexes. The in vivo cytotoxicity of compounds against brine shrimp demonstrated the LC₅₀ values in the range of 4.59-27.22 μg/mL. The promising results of the Au(III) complexes received significant attention and make them suitable for the new metallodrugs after the detailed mechanistic biological study.

Synthesis, computational and biological studies of alkyltin(IV) N-methyl-N-hydroxyethyl dithiocarbamate complexes

Methyltin(IV) of butyltin(IV)-N-hydroxyethyl dithiocarbamate complexes, represented as [(CH3)2Sn(L(OH))2] and [(C4H9)2Sn(L(OH))2] respectively were synthesized and characterized using spectroscopic techniques (1H, 13C and 119Sn NMR) and elemental analysis. Both infrared and NMR data showed that, the complexes were formed via two sulphur atoms of the dithiocarbamate group. This mode of coordination was further supported by the DFT calculation, which suggested the formation of a distorted octahedral geometry around the tin atom. The complexes were screened for their antioxidant, cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory properties. Four different assays including DPPH, nitric oxide, reducing power and hydrogen peroxides were used for the antioxidant studies, while an in vitro anti-inflammatory study was done using albumin denaturation assay. The complexes showed good antioxidant activity, especially in the DPPH assay. Butyltin(IV)-N-hydroxyethyl dithiocarbamate showed better cytotoxicity activity compared to methyltin(IV)-N-hydroxyethyl dithiocarbamate in the selected cell lines, which included KMST-6, Caco-2 and A549 cell lines. The anti-inflammatory activities revealed that the two complexes have useful activities better than diclofenac used as control drug.

Heteroleptic copper(i) halides with triphenylphosphine and acetylthiourea: synthesis, characterization and biological studies (experimental and molecular docking)

This manuscript presents the synthesis of acetylthiourea and triphenylphosphene based hetroleptic copper(i) halides and their biological activities. H-bonding and hydrophobic pi-interactions were found important for their biological activities.

Organotin(IV) Dithiocarbamate Complexes: Chemistry and Biological Activity

Significant attention has been given to organotin(IV) dithiocabamate compounds in recent times. This is due to their ability to stabilize specific stereochemistry in their complexes, and their diverse application in agriculture, biology, catalysis and as single source precursors for tin sulfide nanoparticles. These complexes have good coordination chemistry, stability and diverse molecular structures which, thus, prompt their wide range of biological activities. Their unique stereo-electronic properties underline their relevance in the area of medicinal chemistry. Organotin(IV) dithiocabamate compounds owe their functionalities and usefulness to the individual properties of the organotin(IV) and the dithiocarbamate moieties present within the molecule. These individual properties create a synergy of action in the hybrid complex, prompting an enhanced biological activity. In this review, we discuss the chemistry of organotin(IV) dithiocarbamate complexes that accounts for their relevance in biology and medicine.

Synthesis and characterization of azo-guanidine based alcoholic media naked eye DNA sensor

DNA sensing always has an open meadow of curiosity for biotechnologists and other researchers. Recently, in this field, we have introduced an emerging class of molecules containing azo and guanidine functionalities. In this study, we have synthesized three new compounds (UA1, UA6 and UA7) for potential application in DNA sensing in alcoholic medium. The synthesized materials were characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, UV-visible, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopies. Their DNA sensing potential were investigated by UV-visible spectroscopy. The insight of interaction with DNA was further investigated by electrochemical (cyclic voltammetry) and hydrodynamic (viscosity) studies. The results showed that compounds have moderate DNA binding properties, with the binding constants range being 7.2 × 103, 2.4 × 103 and 0.2 × 103 M-1, for UA1, UA6 and UA7, respectively. Upon binding with DNA, there was a change in colour (a blue shift in the λmax value) which was observable with a naked eye. These results indicated the potential of synthesized compounds as DNA sensors with detection limit 1.8, 5.8 and 4.0 ng µl-1 for UA1, UA6 and UA7, respectively.

Spectroscopic, Electrochemical, andIn SilicoCharacterization of Complex Formed between 2-Ferrocenylbenzoic Acid and DNA

We present the synthesis of 2-ferrocenylbenzoic acid (FcOH) and its electrochemical and spectroscopic characterization. FcOH was characterized for interaction with DNA using theoretical and experimental methods. UV-visible spectroscopy and cyclic voltammeter (CV) were used for the experimental account of FcOH-DNA complex. The experimental results showed that the FcOH interacts by electrostatic mode. The binding constant (Kb) and Gibbs free energy (ΔG) for the FcOH-DNA complex have been estimated as 5.3 × 104 M−1and −6.44 kcal/mol, respectively. The theoretical DNA binding of FcOH was studied with AutoDock molecular docking software. The docking studies yield good approximation with experimental data and explain the sites of binding.

Gold(III) complexes in medicinal chemistry

A number of gold(III) compounds has been designed with the objective of overcoming the disadvantages associated with the platinum-based drugs for cancer treatment. Compounds of a remarkable structural manifold show significant antiproliferative effects in vitro against a number of cancer cells, including cisplatin resistant ones. The target of most of them is, unlike that of cisplatin, not the DNA. Although the mechanisms of action displayed by the gold compounds in biological media are still under investigation, many studies show evidence that the cellular targets are mitochondria-based. Recent advances in gold(III) medicinal chemistry also recommend such compounds for other pharmacological applications such as the treatment of viral or parasitic diseases. The radioactive isotopes 198Au and 199Au present potential in radiotherapy.