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Expanding the Knowledge Related to Flavors and Fragrances by Means of Three-Dimensional Preparative Gas Chromatography and Molecular Spectroscopy. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9080202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As universally known, gas chromatography (GC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) allows us to acquire spectra that can be searched in specific databases to attain qualitative information on a peak of interest. When not present in databases, structure elucidation is required before including a new component in a library: from that moment, scientists all around the world will be able to identify the new molecule with analytical confidence after GC-MS analysis. Conversely, if data are not shared in commercial databases, even if a molecule is studied and elucidated, it appears to be unknown or only identifiable on the basis of third-party data taken from the literature, which is a serious limitation. The present paper deals with a case that confirms this assumption. A component of Myrtus communis L. volatile fraction was tentatively identified based on literature data. Despite this, reliable identification could not be achieved due to the lack of a corresponding spectrum in commercial MS databases. Afterwards, the target component was isolated in a reasonable quantity and with a high degree of purity for downstream characterization by spectroscopic techniques. For this purpose, preparative (prep) GC may appear insufficient for the isolation of volatile components from highly complex samples. In this study, a prep-MDGC system was implemented for the isolation of the compound of interest from myrtle oil, consisting of three wide-bore columns of different selectivity coupled by means of Deans switch transfer devices. Based on the NMR and GC-FTIR data acquired, the unknown compound was identified as 2,2,5,5,7,7-hexamethyl-3,7-dihydro-1-benzofuran-4,6(2H,5H)-dione. Noticeably, this is a known molecule, yet its mass spectrum had never been registered into MS databases and thus was not available to the scientific community. Finally, the spectrum was included for the first time in a commercial library, namely the FFNSC 5.0 MS database. The aim of the present study was to highlight the opportunity to make analytical data quickly available in a reliable way by registering them in searchable MS databases to improve the identification means for researchers all over the world.
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Rotondo A, Zappalà M, Previti S, Di Chio C, Allegra A, Ettari R. Design and NMR conformational analysis in solution of β5i-selective inhibitors of immunoproteasome. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Maiorana S, Ettari R, Previti S, Amendola G, Wagner A, Cosconati S, Hellmich UA, Schirmeister T, Zappalà M. Peptidyl Vinyl Ketone Irreversible Inhibitors of Rhodesain: Modifications of the P2 Fragment. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:1552-1561. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Santina Maiorana
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Messina Viale Annunziata 98168 Messina Italy
| | - Roberta Ettari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Messina Viale Annunziata 98168 Messina Italy
| | - Santo Previti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Messina Viale Annunziata 98168 Messina Italy
| | - Giorgio Amendola
- DiSTABiFUniversity of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli Via Vivaldi 43 81100 Caserta Italy
| | - Annika Wagner
- Department Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ) Max von Laue Str. 9 60438 Frankfurt Germany
- Department of Chemistry Section BiochemistryUniversity of Mainz Johann-Joachim-Becherweg 30 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Sandro Cosconati
- DiSTABiFUniversity of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli Via Vivaldi 43 81100 Caserta Italy
| | - Ute A. Hellmich
- Department Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ) Max von Laue Str. 9 60438 Frankfurt Germany
- Department of Chemistry Section BiochemistryUniversity of Mainz Johann-Joachim-Becherweg 30 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Tanja Schirmeister
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Mainz Staudingerweg 5 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Maria Zappalà
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Messina Viale Annunziata 98168 Messina Italy
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Di Chio C, Previti S, Amendola G, Cosconati S, Schirmeister T, Zappalà M, Ettari R. Development of Novel Benzodiazepine‐Based Peptidomimetics as Inhibitors of Rhodesain from
Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:995-1001. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Di Chio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Messina Viale Annunziata 98168 Messina Italy
| | - Santo Previti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Messina Viale Annunziata 98168 Messina Italy
| | - Giorgio Amendola
- DiSTABiFUniversity of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli Via Vivaldi 43 81100 Caserta Italy
| | - Sandro Cosconati
- DiSTABiFUniversity of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli Via Vivaldi 43 81100 Caserta Italy
| | - Tanja Schirmeister
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Mainz Staudingerweg 5 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Maria Zappalà
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Messina Viale Annunziata 98168 Messina Italy
| | - Roberta Ettari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Messina Viale Annunziata 98168 Messina Italy
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Ettari R, Previti S, Maiorana S, Amendola G, Wagner A, Cosconati S, Schirmeister T, Hellmich UA, Zappalà M. Optimization Strategy of Novel Peptide-Based Michael Acceptors for the Treatment of Human African Trypanosomiasis. J Med Chem 2019; 62:10617-10629. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Ettari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Santo Previti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Santina Maiorana
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Giorgio Amendola
- DiSTABiF, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Annika Wagner
- Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Max von Laue Str. 9, Frankfurt DE 60438, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becherweg 30, Mainz DE 55128, Germany
| | - Sandro Cosconati
- DiSTABiF, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Tanja Schirmeister
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudingerweg 5, Mainz DE 55128, Germany
| | - Ute A. Hellmich
- Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Max von Laue Str. 9, Frankfurt DE 60438, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becherweg 30, Mainz DE 55128, Germany
| | - Maria Zappalà
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
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Sciarrone D, Schepis A, De Grazia G, Rotondo A, Alibrando F, Cipriano RR, Bizzo H, Deschamps C, Sidisky LM, Mondello L. Collection and identification of an unknown component from Eugenia uniflora essential oil exploiting a multidimensional preparative three-GC system employing apolar, mid-polar and ionic liquid stationary phases. Faraday Discuss 2019; 218:101-114. [PMID: 31120047 DOI: 10.1039/c8fd00234g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The present research deals with the collection and structural elucidation of an unknown component, accounting for about 35% of the essential oil obtained upon distillation of the leaves of Eugenia uniflora L., harvested during summer (January, 2017) in Paraná State (Southern Brazil). A multidimensional gas chromatographic preparative system, based on the coupling of three GC systems equipped with apolar, PEG and ionic liquid-based stationary phases, was successfully applied for the isolation of the chromatographic band relative to the unknown molecule. The use of wide-bore columns allowed for an increased sample capacity compared to conventional micro-bore columns, thus the injection of a neat sample was feasible, greatly reducing the total collection time. A higher chromatographic efficiency was afforded by the use of a multidimensional approach in the heart-cut mode, exploiting the different selectivity of three stationary phases, which ensured the attainment of a highly pure fraction. In only five runs, more than 3 milligrams were collected, with an average purity greater then 95%. Finally, the unknown component was subjected to nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and condensed phase Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, leading to the identification of 6-ethenyl-6-methyl-3,5-di(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-2-en-1-one. The presented approach has been demonstrated to be effective for the isolation and structural elucidation of unknown molecules in complex samples, which will allow for further in-depth studies, like biological evaluation or pharmacological tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Sciarrone
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
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Mangano V, Gervasi T, Rotondo A, De Pasquale P, Dugo G, Macrì F, Salvo A. Protein hydrolysates from anchovy waste: purification and chemical characterization. Nat Prod Res 2019; 35:399-406. [PMID: 31250667 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1634711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to prompt the recovery of industrial by-products through the production of new functional foods; it takes advantage from new throughput technologies with low environmental impact and high economic sustainability. In the field of fish processing, in order to recover the worthy protein-rich fish waste, residues from the production of Anchovies (Engraulis encrasicolus) have been converted into hydrolysate through enzymatic treatment. The obtained hydrolysate product showed a promising biological and nutritional content made by differently sized peptides and free amino acids endowed with assessed benefic effects. The study showed the possibility to produce a dry powder with an activity water (aw) of 0.3-0.5 and an essential amino acids (EAA) fraction of 42.0% over the total amino acids (TAAs). These results pave the way to the smart recovery of commercial products featured by high nutritional value, either as stand-alone items or as components of functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Mangano
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Teresa Gervasi
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Archimede Rotondo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Paolo De Pasquale
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giacomo Dugo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Macrì
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Andrea Salvo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Salvo A, Rotondo A, Mangano V, Grimaldi M, Stillitano I, D'Ursi AM, Dugo G, Rastrelli L. High-resolution magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (HR-MAS-NMR) as quick and direct insight of almonds. Nat Prod Res 2019; 34:71-77. [PMID: 30789029 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1576043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Almonds are the tasty seeds of Prunus dulcis plants globally appreciated for the pleasant palatability and remarkable nutritional value, therefore it is very spread as snack and as basic ingredient of the confectionery products. The HR-MAS-NMR is a simple spectroscopy able to directly and quickly explore the chemical composition of powdered seed samples dispersed in D2O. 1H spectra witness the remarkable presence of triglyceride fatty esters together with sucrose; other minor water soluble metabolites are also detectable. This very rough approach is effectively providing chemical profiles featuring almond samples. In this analysis we were able to statistically distinguish the "Avola" almonds from other marketed products submitted to the same analysis. This is just a first investigation based on the main compounds but it might pave the way toward the quantitative evaluation of many other compounds in the almond therefore implementing the HR-MAS-NMR knowledge of these precious seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Salvo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Science4Life, Spin Off Company, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Archimede Rotondo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Valentina Mangano
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Manuela Grimaldi
- Department of Pharmacy DIFARMA, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.,Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Stillitano
- Department of Pharmacy DIFARMA, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Anna Maria D'Ursi
- Department of Pharmacy DIFARMA, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Giacomo Dugo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Science4Life, Spin Off Company, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Luca Rastrelli
- Department of Pharmacy DIFARMA, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
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Venkatachalam M, Zelena M, Cacciola F, Ceslova L, Girard-Valenciennes E, Clerc P, Dugo P, Mondello L, Fouillaud M, Rotondo A, Giuffrida D, Dufossé L. Partial characterization of the pigments produced by the marine-derived fungus Talaromyces albobiverticillius 30548. Towards a new fungal red colorant for the food industry. J Food Compost Anal 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2017.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Previti S, Ettari R, Cosconati S, Amendola G, Chouchene K, Wagner A, Hellmich UA, Ulrich K, Krauth-Siegel RL, Wich PR, Schmid I, Schirmeister T, Gut J, Rosenthal PJ, Grasso S, Zappalà M. Development of Novel Peptide-Based Michael Acceptors Targeting Rhodesain and Falcipain-2 for the Treatment of Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs). J Med Chem 2017; 60:6911-6923. [PMID: 28763614 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the development of a class of peptide-based inhibitors as novel antitrypanosomal and antimalarial agents. The inhibitors are based on a characteristic peptide sequence for the inhibition of the cysteine proteases rhodesain of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and falcipain-2 of Plasmodium falciparum. We exploited the reactivity of novel unsaturated electrophilic functions such as vinyl-sulfones, -ketones, -esters, and -nitriles. The Michael acceptors inhibited both rhodesain and falcipain-2, at nanomolar and micromolar levels, respectively. In particular, the vinyl ketone 3b has emerged as a potent rhodesain inhibitor (k2nd = 67 × 106 M-1 min-1), endowed with a picomolar binding affinity (Ki = 38 pM), coupled with a single-digit micromolar activity against Trypanosoma brucei brucei (EC50 = 2.97 μM), thus being considered as a novel lead compound for the discovery of novel effective antitrypanosomal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santo Previti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina , Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Roberta Ettari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina , Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Sandro Cosconati
- DiSTABiF, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli , Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Giorgio Amendola
- DiSTABiF, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli , Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Khawla Chouchene
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles UR/11-ES-74, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax , Route de l'aeroport, 3000 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Annika Wagner
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz , Johann-Joachim-Becherweg 30, DE 55128 Mainz, Germany.,Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe-University Frankfurt , Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, DE 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ute A Hellmich
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz , Johann-Joachim-Becherweg 30, DE 55128 Mainz, Germany.,Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe-University Frankfurt , Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, DE 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Kathrin Ulrich
- Biochemistry Center, Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, DE 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Luise Krauth-Siegel
- Biochemistry Center, Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, DE 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter R Wich
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz , Staudingerweg 5, DE 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ira Schmid
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz , Staudingerweg 5, DE 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Tanja Schirmeister
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz , Staudingerweg 5, DE 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jiri Gut
- Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California , 1001 Potrero Avenue, San Francisco, California 94110, United States
| | - Philip J Rosenthal
- Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California , 1001 Potrero Avenue, San Francisco, California 94110, United States
| | - Silvana Grasso
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina , Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Zappalà
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina , Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
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Identification of noncovalent proteasome inhibitors with high selectivity for chymotrypsin-like activity by a multistep structure-based virtual screening. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 121:578-591. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Ettari R, Previti S, Cosconati S, Maiorana S, Schirmeister T, Grasso S, Zappalà M. Development of novel 1,4-benzodiazepine-based Michael acceptors as antitrypanosomal agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:3453-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Rotondo A, Ettari R, Grasso S, Zappalà M. NMR conformational analysis in solution of a potent class of cysteine proteases inhibitors. Struct Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-015-0597-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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