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Micalizzi G, Cucinotta L, Chiaia V, Alibrando F, Cannizzaro F, Branca G, Maida P, Oliveri P, Mondello L, Sciarrone D. Profiling of seized Cannabis sativa L. flowering tops by means of microwave-assisted hydro distillation and gas chromatography analyses. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1727:464994. [PMID: 38759461 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
This research aimed to support police forces in their battle against illicit drug trafficking by means of a multi-technique approach, based on gas chromatography. In detail, this study was focused on the profiling of volatile substances in narcotic Cannabis sativa L. flowering tops. For this purpose, the Scientific Investigation Department, RIS Carabinieri of Messina, provided 25 seized samples of Cannabis sativa L. The content of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), useful to classify cannabis plant as hemp (≤ 0.2 %) or as marijuana (> 0.2 %), was investigated. Essential oils of illicit drug samples were extracted using a microwave-assisted hydro-distillation (MAHD) system; GC-MS and GC-FID analytical techniques were used for the characterization of the terpenes and terpenoids fingerprint. Furthermore, the enantiomeric and carbon isotopic ratios of selected chiral compounds were investigated using a heart-cutting multidimensional GC (MDGC) approach. The latter exploited a combination of an apolar column in the first dimension, and a chiral cyclodextrin-based column in the second one, prior to parallel isotope-ratio mass spectrometry (C-IRMS) and MS detection. Finally, all the data were gathered into a statistical model, to demonstrate the existence of useful parameters to be used for the classification of seized samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Micalizzi
- Messina Institute of Technology c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, former Veterinary School, University of Messina, Viale G. Palatucci snc, Messina 98168, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cucinotta
- Messina Institute of Technology c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, former Veterinary School, University of Messina, Viale G. Palatucci snc, Messina 98168, Italy.
| | - Valentina Chiaia
- Messina Institute of Technology c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, former Veterinary School, University of Messina, Viale G. Palatucci snc, Messina 98168, Italy
| | - Filippo Alibrando
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Messina Institute of Technology c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, former Veterinary School, University of Messina, Viale G. Palatucci snc, Messina 98168, Italy
| | - Francesca Cannizzaro
- Messina Institute of Technology c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, former Veterinary School, University of Messina, Viale G. Palatucci snc, Messina 98168, Italy
| | - Gabriele Branca
- Scientific Investigation Department, Carabinieri RIS, Via Monsignor D'Arrigo 7, Messina 98122, Italy
| | - Pietro Maida
- Scientific Investigation Department, Carabinieri RIS, Via Monsignor D'Arrigo 7, Messina 98122, Italy
| | - Paolo Oliveri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, Genova I-16148, Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Messina Institute of Technology c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, former Veterinary School, University of Messina, Viale G. Palatucci snc, Messina 98168, Italy; Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Messina Institute of Technology c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, former Veterinary School, University of Messina, Viale G. Palatucci snc, Messina 98168, Italy
| | - Danilo Sciarrone
- Messina Institute of Technology c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, former Veterinary School, University of Messina, Viale G. Palatucci snc, Messina 98168, Italy
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Bouymajane A, Filali FR, Ed-Dra A, Aazza M, Nalbone L, Giarratana F, Alibrando F, Miceli N, Mondello L, Cacciola F. Chemical profile, antibacterial, antioxidant, and anisakicidal activities of Thymus zygis subsp. gracilis essential oil and its effect against Listeria monocytogenes. Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 383:109960. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Hrichi S, Chaâbane-Banaoues R, Alibrando F, Altemimi AB, Babba O, Majdoub YOE, Nasri H, Mondello L, Babba H, Mighri Z, Cacciola F. Chemical Composition, Antifungal and Anti-Biofilm Activities of Volatile Fractions of Convolvulus althaeoides L. Roots from Tunisia. Molecules 2022; 27:6834. [PMID: 36296427 PMCID: PMC9609869 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The antifungal drugs currently available and mostly used for the treatment of candidiasis exhibit the phenomena of toxicity and increasing resistance. In this context, plant materials might represent promising sources of antifungal agents. The aim of this study is to evaluate for the first time the chemical content of the volatile fractions (VFs) along with the antifungal and anti-biofilm of Convolvulus althaeoides L. roots. The chemical composition was determined by gas chromatography coupled to a flame ionization detector and mass spectrometry. In total, 73 and 86 chemical compounds were detected in the n-hexane (VF1) and chloroform (VF2) fractions, respectively. Analysis revealed the presence of four main compounds: n-hexadecenoic acid (29.77%), 4-vinyl guaiacol (12.2%), bis(2-ethylhexyl)-adipate (9.69%) and eicosane (3.98%) in the VF extracted by hexane (VF1). n-hexadecenoic acid (34.04%), benzyl alcohol (7.86%) and linoleic acid (7.30%) were the main compounds found in the VF extracted with chloroform (VF2). The antifungal minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the obtained fractions against Candida albicans, Candida glabrata and Candida tropicalis were determined by the micro-dilution technique and values against Candida spp. ranged from 0.87 to 3.5 mg/mL. The biofilm inhibitory concentrations (IBF) and sustained inhibition (BSI) assays on C. albicans, C. glabrata and C. tropicalis were also investigated. The VFs inhibited biofilm formation up to 0.87 mg/mL for C. albicans, up to 1.75 mg/mL against C. glabrata and up to 0.87 mg/mL against C. tropicalis. The obtained results highlighted the synergistic mechanism of the detected molecules in the prevention of candidosic biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soukaina Hrichi
- Laboratory of Physico-Chemistry of Materials, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Raja Chaâbane-Banaoues
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology (LP3M), Department of Clinical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Filippo Alibrando
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Ammar B. Altemimi
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah 61004, Iraq
- College of Medicine, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala 56001, Iraq
| | - Oussama Babba
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology (LP3M), Department of Clinical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Yassine Oulad El Majdoub
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Habib Nasri
- Laboratory of Physico-Chemistry of Materials, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
- Department of Sciences and Technologies for Human and Environment, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Hamouda Babba
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology (LP3M), Department of Clinical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Zine Mighri
- Laboratory of Physico-Chemistry of Materials, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Francesco Cacciola
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
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Asraoui F, Kounnoun A, Cacciola F, El Mansouri F, Kabach I, Oulad El Majdoub Y, Alibrando F, Arena K, Trovato E, Mondello L, Louajri A. Phytochemical Profile, Antioxidant Capacity, α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Potential of Wild Moroccan Inula viscosa (L.) Aiton Leaves. Molecules 2021; 26:3134. [PMID: 34073905 PMCID: PMC8197302 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants offer imperative sources of innovative chemical substances with important potential therapeutic effects. Among them, the members of the genus Inula have been widely used in traditional medicine for the treatment of several diseases. The present study investigated the antioxidant (DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays) and the in vitro anti-hyperglycemic potential of aerial parts of Inula viscosa (L.) Aiton (I. viscosa) extracts through the inhibition of digestive enzymes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase), responsible of the digestion of poly and oligosaccharides. The polyphenolic profile of the Inula viscosa (L.) Aiton EtOAc extract was also investigated using HPLC-DAD/ESI-MS analysis, whereas the volatile composition was elucidated by GC-MS. The chemical analysis resulted in the detection of twenty-one polyphenolic compounds, whereas the volatile profile highlighted the occurrence of forty-eight different compounds. Inula viscosa (L.) Aiton presented values as high as 87.2 ± 0.50 mg GAE/g and 78.6 ± 0.55mg CE/g, for gallic acid and catechin, respectively. The EtOAc extract exhibited the higher antioxidant activity compared to methanol and chloroform extracts in different tests with (IC50 = 0.6 ± 0.03 µg/mL; IC50 = 8.6 ± 0.08 µg/mL; 634.8 mg ± 1.45 AAE/g extract) in DPPH, ABTS and FRAP tests. Moreover, Inula viscosa (L.) Aiton leaves did show an important inhibitory effect against α-amylase and α-glucosidase. On the basis of the results achieved, such a species represents a promising traditional medicine, thanks to its remarkable content of functional bioactive compounds, thus opening new prospects for research and innovative phytopharmaceuticals developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadoua Asraoui
- Laboratory of Applied Biology and Pathology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tetouan, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tetouan 93000, Morocco; (A.K.); (A.L.)
| | - Ayoub Kounnoun
- Laboratory of Applied Biology and Pathology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tetouan, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tetouan 93000, Morocco; (A.K.); (A.L.)
| | - Francesco Cacciola
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Fouad El Mansouri
- Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Valorization of Resources, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tangier 416, Morocco;
| | - Imad Kabach
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies of Tangier, Tangier 416, Morocco;
| | - Yassine Oulad El Majdoub
- Department of Chemical Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (Y.O.E.M.); (K.A.); (L.M.)
| | - Filippo Alibrando
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (F.A.); (E.T.)
| | - Katia Arena
- Department of Chemical Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (Y.O.E.M.); (K.A.); (L.M.)
| | - Emanuela Trovato
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (F.A.); (E.T.)
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Department of Chemical Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (Y.O.E.M.); (K.A.); (L.M.)
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (F.A.); (E.T.)
- Department of Sciences and Technologies for Human and Environment, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
- BeSep s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Adnane Louajri
- Laboratory of Applied Biology and Pathology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tetouan, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tetouan 93000, Morocco; (A.K.); (A.L.)
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Cadi HE, Bouzidi HE, Selama G, Ramdan B, Majdoub YOE, Alibrando F, Arena K, Lovillo MP, Brigui J, Mondello L, Cacciola F, Salerno TMG. Elucidation of Antioxidant Compounds in Moroccan Chamaerops humilis L. Fruits by GC-MS and HPLC-MS Techniques. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092710. [PMID: 34063074 PMCID: PMC8124856 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize the phytochemical content as well as the antioxidant ability of the Moroccan species Chamaerops humilis L. Besides crude ethanolic extract, two extracts obtained by sonication using two solvents with increased polarity, namely ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and methanol-water (MeOH-H2O) 80:20 (v/v), were investigated by both spectroscopy and chromatography methods. Between the two extracts, the MeOH-H2O one showed the highest total polyphenolic content equal to 32.7 ± 0.1 mg GAE/g DM with respect to the EtOAc extract (3.6 ± 0.5 mg GAE/g DM). Concerning the antioxidant activity of the two extracts, the EtOAc one yielded the highest value (1.9 ± 0.1 mg/mL) with respect to MeOH-H2O (0.4 ± 0.1 mg/mL). The C. humilisn-hexane fraction, analyzed by GC–MS, exhibited 69 compounds belonging to different chemical classes, with n-Hexadecanoic acid as a major compound (21.75%), whereas the polyphenolic profile, elucidated by HPLC–PDA/MS, led to the identification of a total of sixteen and thirteen different compounds in both EtOAc (major component: ferulic acid: 104.7 ± 2.52 µg/g) and MeOH-H2O extracts (major component: chlorogenic acid: 45.4 ± 1.59 µg/g), respectively. The attained results clearly highlight the potential of C. humilis as an important source of bioactive components, making it a valuable candidate to be advantageously added to the daily diet. Furthermore, this study provides the scientific basis for the exploitation of the Doum in the food, pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafssa El Cadi
- Laboratory of Valorization of Resources and Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tangier 90000, Morocco; (H.E.C.); (H.E.B.); (J.B.)
| | - Hajar El Bouzidi
- Laboratory of Valorization of Resources and Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tangier 90000, Morocco; (H.E.C.); (H.E.B.); (J.B.)
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tangier 90000, Morocco;
| | - Ginane Selama
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tangier 90000, Morocco;
| | - Btissam Ramdan
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorization of Natural Resources, Faculty of Science, University Ibn Zohr, Agadir 80000, Morocco;
| | - Yassine Oulad El Majdoub
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (Y.O.E.M.); (K.A.); (L.M.)
| | - Filippo Alibrando
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Katia Arena
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (Y.O.E.M.); (K.A.); (L.M.)
| | - Miguel Palma Lovillo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), University of Cadiz, IVAGRO, 11510 Cadiz, Spain;
| | - Jamal Brigui
- Laboratory of Valorization of Resources and Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tangier 90000, Morocco; (H.E.C.); (H.E.B.); (J.B.)
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (Y.O.E.M.); (K.A.); (L.M.)
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy;
- Department of Sciences and Technologies for Human and Environment, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
- BeSep s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Francesco Cacciola
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-090-676-6570
| | - Tania M. G. Salerno
- BeSep s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy;
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Cadi HE, Bouzidi HE, Selama G, Ramdan B, Majdoub YOE, Alibrando F, Brigui J, Altemimi AB, Dugo P, Mondello L, Cacciola F. Characterization of Rubus fruticosus L. berries growing wild in Morocco: phytochemical screening, antioxidant activity and chromatography analysis. Eur Food Res Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-021-03739-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Asraoui F, Kounnoun A, Cadi HE, Cacciola F, Majdoub YOE, Alibrando F, Mandolfino F, Dugo P, Mondello L, Louajri A. Phytochemical Investigation and Antioxidant Activity of Globularia alypum L. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26030759. [PMID: 33540622 PMCID: PMC7867259 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Moroccan flora is rich in medicinal plants that are commonly used in folk medicine for the treatment of various diseases. The present study was designed to investigate the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, as well as the antioxidant properties of leaves extracts from Globularia alypum L. colected from the Taza region in northeast Morocco. Additionally, the individual phenolics and volatiles of the extracts were also evaluated. The organic extracts of this plant were obtained by Soxhlet extraction using two different solvents, namely ethyl acetate and chloroform. The antioxidant capacity of leaves extracts was measured using DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays; the phenolic profile was determined by HPLC-DAD/ESI-MS analysis, whereas the volatile composition was elucidated by GC-MS. The ethyl acetate extract analysis showed a total of 20 phenolic compounds and the determination of phenolic contents showed a significant value of 56.5 ± 0.61 µg GAE/mg of extract in comparison with the chloroform extract (18.9 ± 0.48 µg GAE/mg of extract). Also, the determination of the flavonoid contents revealed that the ethyl acetate extract contained the highest value (30.2 ± 0.55 µg CE/mg of extract) in comparison with the chloroform extract (18.0 ± 0.36 µg CE/mg of extract). Concerning the antioxidant properties, interesting values were attained for the ethyl acetate extract which exhibited higher antioxidant activity, namely IC50 = 12.3 ± 3.83 µg/mL and IC50 = 37.0 ± 2.45 µg/mL for the DPPH and ABTS assays, respectively, whereas a value of 531.1 ± 17.08 (mg AAE/g DW) was obtained for the FRAP assay. Concerning the volatile profile, a total of 73 compounds were positively detected and among them n-hexadecanoic acid (13.5%) was the most abundant one. The results achieved confirm the important role of this plant as a source of natural antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadoua Asraoui
- Laboratory of Applied Biology and Pathology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tetouan, Abd Al-Malek Essaadi University, Tetouan 93000, Morocco; (A.K.); (A.L.)
- Correspondence: (F.A.); (F.C.); Tel.: +212-6774-12215 (F.A.); +39-090-676-6570 (F.C.)
| | - Ayoub Kounnoun
- Laboratory of Applied Biology and Pathology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tetouan, Abd Al-Malek Essaadi University, Tetouan 93000, Morocco; (A.K.); (A.L.)
| | - Hafssa El Cadi
- Laboratory of Valorization of Resources and Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tangier 90000, Morocco;
| | - Francesco Cacciola
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.A.); (F.C.); Tel.: +212-6774-12215 (F.A.); +39-090-676-6570 (F.C.)
| | - Yassine Oulad El Majdoub
- Department of Chemical Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (Y.O.E.M.); (F.M.); (P.D.); (L.M.)
| | - Filippo Alibrando
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Filippo Mandolfino
- Department of Chemical Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (Y.O.E.M.); (F.M.); (P.D.); (L.M.)
- Foundation A. Imbesi c/o, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Paola Dugo
- Department of Chemical Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (Y.O.E.M.); (F.M.); (P.D.); (L.M.)
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Department of Chemical Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (Y.O.E.M.); (F.M.); (P.D.); (L.M.)
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy;
- Department of Sciences and Technologies for Human and Environment, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
- BeSep s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Adnane Louajri
- Laboratory of Applied Biology and Pathology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tetouan, Abd Al-Malek Essaadi University, Tetouan 93000, Morocco; (A.K.); (A.L.)
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Cadi HE, Bouzidi HEL, Selama G, Cadi AE, Ramdan B, Oulad El Majdoub Y, Alibrando F, Dugo P, Mondello L, Fakih Lanjri A, Brigui J, Cacciola F. Physico-Chemical and Phytochemical Characterization of Moroccan Wild Jujube " Zizyphus lotus (L.)" Fruit Crude Extract and Fractions. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225237. [PMID: 33182717 PMCID: PMC7697414 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild jujube “Ziziphus lotus (L.) Desf.” belongs to the Rhamnaceae family and is a traditionally herbaceous medicinal plant. It is very common in arid and semi-arid regions and is currently used for its antidiabetic, sedative, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and hypoglycemic activities. The aim of the present work was to characterize the physico-chemical properties and the phytochemical profile of wild jujube sample collected from the Guercif region, in order to determine the polyphenolic compounds and the antioxidant ability Analyses were carried out directly after the harvest for the determination of pH, refractive index, total soluble solid (°Brix), dry matter, sugar/acidity, total sugars, reducing sugars, as well as lipid and protein content. Results showed that the investigated fruit is acidic (pH 4.9 ± 0.23) and rich in sugars (80.2 g/100 g ± 3.81). The GC-MS analysis of the fruit revealed a number of volatile compounds, as many as 97, belonging to different chemical classes. The HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS analysis showed the presence of a total of 20 polyphenolic compounds in both EtOAc and MeOH-water extracts. Among them, p-Hydroxybenzoic acid was the most abundant in the EtOAc extract (185.68 µg/100 mg ± 0.5) whereas Quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside-7-O-glucoside was found in higher amounts in the MeOH-water extract (25.40 µg/100 mg ± 0.5). These components have medical interest, notably for human nutrition, as well as health benefits and therapeutic effects. Therefore, Moroccan jujube “Zizyphus lotus (L.)” fruit may have potential industrial applications for food formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafssa El Cadi
- Laboratory of Valorization of Resources and Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, 90000 Tangier, Morocco; (H.E.C.); (H.E.B.); (A.F.L.); (J.B.)
| | - Hajar EL Bouzidi
- Laboratory of Valorization of Resources and Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, 90000 Tangier, Morocco; (H.E.C.); (H.E.B.); (A.F.L.); (J.B.)
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, 90000 Tangier, Morocco;
| | - Ginane Selama
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, 90000 Tangier, Morocco;
| | - Asmae El Cadi
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Physico-Chemistry of Materials, Natural Substances and Environment, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, 90000 Tangier, Morocco;
| | - Btissam Ramdan
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and valorization of natural resources, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University Ibn Zohr, 80000 Agadir, Morocco;
| | - Yassine Oulad El Majdoub
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (Y.O.E.M.); (P.D.); (L.M.)
| | - Filippo Alibrando
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Paola Dugo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (Y.O.E.M.); (P.D.); (L.M.)
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (Y.O.E.M.); (P.D.); (L.M.)
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy;
- Department of Sciences and Technologies for Human and Environment, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
- BeSep s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Asmae Fakih Lanjri
- Laboratory of Valorization of Resources and Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, 90000 Tangier, Morocco; (H.E.C.); (H.E.B.); (A.F.L.); (J.B.)
| | - Jamal Brigui
- Laboratory of Valorization of Resources and Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, 90000 Tangier, Morocco; (H.E.C.); (H.E.B.); (A.F.L.); (J.B.)
| | - Francesco Cacciola
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0906766570
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Sciarrone D, Schepis A, De Grazia G, Rotondo A, Alibrando F, Cipriano RR, Bizzo H, Deschamps C, Sidisky LM, Mondello L. Collection and identification of an unknown component from Eugenia uniflora essential oil exploiting a multidimensional preparative three-GC system employing apolar, mid-polar and ionic liquid stationary phases. Faraday Discuss 2019; 218:101-114. [PMID: 31120047 DOI: 10.1039/c8fd00234g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The present research deals with the collection and structural elucidation of an unknown component, accounting for about 35% of the essential oil obtained upon distillation of the leaves of Eugenia uniflora L., harvested during summer (January, 2017) in Paraná State (Southern Brazil). A multidimensional gas chromatographic preparative system, based on the coupling of three GC systems equipped with apolar, PEG and ionic liquid-based stationary phases, was successfully applied for the isolation of the chromatographic band relative to the unknown molecule. The use of wide-bore columns allowed for an increased sample capacity compared to conventional micro-bore columns, thus the injection of a neat sample was feasible, greatly reducing the total collection time. A higher chromatographic efficiency was afforded by the use of a multidimensional approach in the heart-cut mode, exploiting the different selectivity of three stationary phases, which ensured the attainment of a highly pure fraction. In only five runs, more than 3 milligrams were collected, with an average purity greater then 95%. Finally, the unknown component was subjected to nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and condensed phase Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, leading to the identification of 6-ethenyl-6-methyl-3,5-di(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-2-en-1-one. The presented approach has been demonstrated to be effective for the isolation and structural elucidation of unknown molecules in complex samples, which will allow for further in-depth studies, like biological evaluation or pharmacological tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Sciarrone
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
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