1
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Hashmat U, Rasool N, Kausar S, Altaf AA, Sultana S, Tahir AA. First-Principles Investigations of Novel Guanidine-Based Dyes. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:13917-13927. [PMID: 38559970 PMCID: PMC10976409 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
In the pursuit of finding efficient D-π-A organic dyes as photosensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), first-principles calculations of guanidine-based dyes [A1-A18] were executed using density functional theory (DFT). The various electronic and optical properties of guanidine-based organic dyes with different D-π-A structural modifications were investigated. The structural modification of guanidine-based dyes largely affects the properties of molecules, such as excitation energies, the oscillator strength dipole moment, the transition dipole moment, and light-harvesting efficiencies. The energy gap between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) is responsible for the reduction and injection of electrons. Modification of the guanidine subunit by different structural modifications gave a range of HOMO-LUMO energy gaps. Chemical and optical characteristics of the dyes indicated prominent charge transfer and light-harvesting efficiencies. The wide electronic absorption spectra of these guanidine-based dyes computed by TD-DFT-B3LYP with 6-31G, 6-311G, and cc-PVDZ basis sets have been observed in the visible region of spectra due to the presence of chromophore groups of dye molecules. Better anchorage of dyes to the surface of TiO2 semiconductors helps in charge-transfer phenomena, and the results suggested that -COOH, -CN, and -NO2 proved to be proficient anchoring groups, making dyes very encouraging candidates for DSSCs. Molecular electrostatic potential explained the electrostatic potential of organic dyes, and IR spectrum and conformational analyses ensured the suitability of organic dyes for the fabrication of DSSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Hashmat
- Department
of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
- Environment
and Sustainability Institute (ESI), Faculty of Environment, Science
and Economy, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, TR10 9FE Cornwall, U.K.
| | - Nasir Rasool
- Department
of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Samia Kausar
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Hafiz Hayat Campus, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan
| | - Ataf Ali Altaf
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Okara, Okara 56300, Pakistan
- Department
of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca,New York 14853, United States
| | - Sabiha Sultana
- Environment
and Sustainability Institute (ESI), Faculty of Environment, Science
and Economy, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, TR10 9FE Cornwall, U.K.
- Department
of Chemistry, Islamia College University, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Asif Ali Tahir
- Environment
and Sustainability Institute (ESI), Faculty of Environment, Science
and Economy, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, TR10 9FE Cornwall, U.K.
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2
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Nakka N, Kushavah D, Ghosh S, Kalyan Pal S. Photophysical, electrochemical and electron donating properties of rhodanine-3-acetic acid-linked structural isomers. Chem Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2022.111793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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3
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Singh S, Raj T, Bahadur I, Singh H, Varma RS. Improved Power Conversion Efficiencies of Dye‐Capped and Sensitized ZnO Solar Cells. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satbir Singh
- Department of Engineering & Technology Guru Nanak Dev University Regional Campus Gurdaspur Punjab India 143521
| | - Tilak Raj
- Toxicology Division Regional Testing Forensic Science Laboratory, Ludhiana Punjab India 141008
| | - Indra Bahadur
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Agriculture Science and Technology North-West University (Mafikeng Campus) Private Bag X2046 Mahikeng, Mmabatho 2735 South Africa
| | - Harpreet Singh
- Department of Chemistry Lovely Professional University, Phagwara Punjab India 144411
| | - Rajender S. Varma
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute Palacký University in Olomouc Šlechtitelů 27 783 71 Olomouc Czech Republic
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4
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Mahmoud SE, Fadda AA, Abdel-Latif E, Elmorsy MR. Synthesis of Novel Triphenylamine-Based Organic Dyes with Dual Anchors for Efficient Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2022; 17:71. [PMID: 35927533 PMCID: PMC9352838 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-022-03711-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A new series of metal-free organic dyes (SM1-5) with dual anchors are synthesized for application in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). Here, a simple triphenylamine (TPA) moiety serves as the electron donor, while di-cyanoacrylamide and di-thiazolidine-5-one units serve as the electron acceptors and anchoring groups. To understand the effect of dye structure on the photovoltaic characteristics of DSSCs, the photophysical and electrochemical properties, as well as molecular geometries calculated from density functional theory (DFT), are used for dyes SM1-5. The extinction coefficients of the organic dyes SM1-5 are high (5.36-9.54 104 M-1 cm-1), indicating a high aptitude for light harvesting. The photovoltaic studies indicated that using dye SM4 as a sensitizer showed a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.09% (JSC = 14.13 mA cm-2, VOC = 0.624 V, FF = 68.89%). Interestingly, SM4 showed the highest values of VOC among all dyes, including N-719, due to its maximum dye coverage on the TiO2 surface, enhancing charge recombination resistance in the sensitized cell. The good agreement between the theoretically and experimentally obtained data indicates that the energy functional and basis set employed in this study can be successfully utilized to predict new photosensitizers' absorption spectra with great precision before synthesis. Also, these results show that bi-anchoring molecules have a lot of potentials to improve the overall performance of dye-sensitized solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar E Mahmoud
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, El-Gomhoria Street, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Fadda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, El-Gomhoria Street, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Ehab Abdel-Latif
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, El-Gomhoria Street, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed R Elmorsy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, El-Gomhoria Street, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
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5
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Berrekhchi-Berrahma AC, Springborg M, Zhou M, Haddou A, Rahal MS. Efficient model photosensitizers based on metallocenyl complexes with thiophene-N = N-pyrimidine as π-conjugated bridge and cyanoacrylate as an anchoring group: a density functional theory study. J Mol Model 2022; 28:213. [PMID: 35799032 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05208-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Eight push-pull systems involving containing four transition metals (iron, ruthenium, cobalt, and nickel), metallocenes as donor groups, cyanoacrylate as electron attractor group, and thiophene-N = N- pyrimidine derivatives as π-conjugated bridges were designed and studied using DFT and TD-DFT methods involving B3LYP and CAM-B3LYP functionals combined with the cc-pVDZ/LANL2DZ basis sets. The main purpose of this work is to determine the effect of metallocene in improving the photosensitization property of such chromophores. This was done by calculating their light-harvesting efficiency LHE as well as other properties employed for DSSC application. The considered dyes were first studied in the gas phase, then in the presence of TiO2 nanoparticles representing the semi-conductor, and finally in the presence of a specific implicit solvent. The presence of iron as metal involved in the metallocene group supplemented by extending the π-conjugated bridge by a cyanovinyl spacer was demonstrated so as to give the most optimal response taking into account the lower cost and toxicity as well as the friendliness to the environment of iron as metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina C Berrekhchi-Berrahma
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique de Bio-Et Nanosystèmes (LCTBN), Faculty of Exact Sciences, University Djillali Liabes of Sidi Bel Abbès, Sidi Bel Abbès, Algeria
| | - Michael Springborg
- Physikalische Und Theoretische Chemie, Universitaet Des Saarlandes, Campus, Geb. B2.2, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Meijuan Zhou
- Physikalische Und Theoretische Chemie, Universitaet Des Saarlandes, Campus, Geb. B2.2, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Abdelghani Haddou
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique de Bio-Et Nanosystèmes (LCTBN), Faculty of Exact Sciences, University Djillali Liabes of Sidi Bel Abbès, Sidi Bel Abbès, Algeria
| | - Majda Sekkal Rahal
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique de Bio-Et Nanosystèmes (LCTBN), Faculty of Exact Sciences, University Djillali Liabes of Sidi Bel Abbès, Sidi Bel Abbès, Algeria.
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6
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Kientz M, Lowe G, McCarthy BG, Miyake GM, Bonin J, Robert M. Phenoxazine Sensitized CO2‐to‐CO Reduction with an Iron Porphyrin Catalyst: A Redox Properties‐Catalytic Performance Study. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202200009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kientz
- Université de Paris Faculté Sociétés et Humanités: Universite de Paris Faculte Societes et Humanites Chemistry FRANCE
| | - Grace Lowe
- Université de Paris Faculté Sociétés et Humanités: Universite de Paris Faculte Societes et Humanites Chemistry FRANCE
| | | | | | - Julien Bonin
- Université de Paris Chemistry Laboratoire d'Electrochimie MoléculaireUMR 7591 - Bât. Lavoisier15 Rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf 75205 Paris Cedex 13 FRANCE
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7
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First modification strategy: Ester is better than acid to improve the activity of photocatalyst nano-TiO2. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.128144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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8
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AL-Temimei FA, Mraity HAA. DFT/TD-DFT investigation of novel D–π–A configuration dyes for improving solar cell efficiency. Struct Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-022-01901-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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9
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Nagaraju N, Kushavah D, Kumar S, Ray R, Gambhir D, Ghosh S, Pal SK. Through structural isomerism: positional effect of alkyne functionality on molecular optical properties. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:3303-3311. [PMID: 35050277 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05024a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Literature studies on the effects of alkyne functionality in manipulating the optical properties of donor-π-acceptor-type molecular scaffolds have been scarce compared to those on the alkene functional group. Here, two structurally isomeric donor-acceptor (D-A) dyes were synthesized to study the positional effect of alkyne functionality (triple bond) on their optical, electrochemical and charge generation properties in order to design efficient dyes for possible application in dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). These dyes, named CAPC and PACC, contain carbazole and cyanoacrylic acid as the donor and acceptor units, respectively, and the π-conjugation length within the molecules was controlled by the introduction of an alkyne group. The D-π-A design was followed in designing CAPC with the alkyne serving as the π-spacer, while in PACC, alkyne was placed on the donor, which was directly in conjugation with the acceptor. This rendered equal conjugation lengths within the designed dyes. With the help of photophysical characterizations, it was concluded that CAPC featured better characteristics for a DSSC dye than PACC. Our conclusions were further supported by the results of transient absorption spectroscopy, electrochemical analysis, fluorescence lifetime studies and density functional theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakka Nagaraju
- School of Basic Sciences, Advanced Materials Research Center, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, H.P, 175005, India.
| | - Dushyant Kushavah
- School of Basic Sciences, Advanced Materials Research Center, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, H.P, 175005, India.
| | - Sunil Kumar
- School of Basic Sciences, Advanced Materials Research Center, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, H.P, 175005, India.
| | - Rajeev Ray
- School of Basic Sciences, Advanced Materials Research Center, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, H.P, 175005, India.
| | - Diksha Gambhir
- School of Basic Sciences, Advanced Materials Research Center, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, H.P, 175005, India.
| | - Subrata Ghosh
- School of Basic Sciences, Advanced Materials Research Center, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, H.P, 175005, India.
| | - Suman Kalyan Pal
- School of Basic Sciences, Advanced Materials Research Center, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, H.P, 175005, India.
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10
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Devadiga D, Selvakumar M, Devadiga D, Ahipa TN, Shetty P, Paramasivam S, Kumar SS. Synthesis and characterization of a new phenothiazine-based sensitizer/co-sensitizer for efficient dye-sensitized solar cell performance using a gel polymer electrolyte and Ni–TiO 2 as a photoanode. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj03589h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Efficiency enhancement of a DSSC using a metal-free co-sensitizer, Ni–TiO2 photoanode, and blend gel polymer electrolyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dheeraj Devadiga
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - M. Selvakumar
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Deepak Devadiga
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Jakkasandra Post, Ramanagara District, Bangalore, 562112, India
| | - T. N. Ahipa
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Jakkasandra Post, Ramanagara District, Bangalore, 562112, India
| | - Prakasha Shetty
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Selvaraj Paramasivam
- Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi, 630003, India
| | - S. Senthil Kumar
- Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi, 630003, India
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11
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Push-Pull Heterocyclic Dyes Based on Pyrrole and Thiophene: Synthesis and Evaluation of Their Optical, Redox and Photovoltaic Properties. COATINGS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Three heterocyclic dyes were synthesized having in mind the changes in the photovoltaic, optical and redox properties by functionalization of 5-aryl-thieno[3,2-b]thiophene, 5-arylthiophene and bis-methylpyrrolylthiophene π-bridges with different donor, acceptor/anchoring groups. Knoevenagel condensation of the aldehyde precursors with 2-cyanoacetic acid was used to prepare the donor-acceptor functionalized heterocyclic molecules. These organic metal-free dyes are constituted by thieno[3,2-b]thiophene, arylthiophene, bis-methylpyrrolylthiophene, spacers and one or two cyanoacetic acid acceptor groups and different electron donor groups (alkoxyl, and pyrrole electron-rich heterocycle). The evaluation of the redox, optical and photovoltaic properties of these compounds indicate that 5-aryl-thieno[3,2-b]thiophene-based dye functionalized with an ethoxyl electron donor and a cyanoacetic acid electron acceptor group/anchoring moiety displays as sensitizer for DSSCs the best conversion efficiency (2.21%). It is mainly assigned to the higher molar extinction coefficient, long π-conjugation of the heterocyclic system, higher oxidation potential and strong electron donating capacity of the ethoxyl group compared to the pirrolyl moiety.
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12
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Sarikavak K, Kurtay G, Sevin F, Güllü M. Molecular engineering of thienothiophene or dithienopyrrole-based π-spacers for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) with D-π-A architecture: A DFT/TD-DFT study. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2021.113275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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13
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Afolabi SO, Semire B, Idowu MA. Electronic and optical properties' tuning of phenoxazine-based D-A 2-π-A 1 organic dyes for dye-sensitized solar cells. DFT/TDDFT investigations. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06827. [PMID: 33981890 PMCID: PMC8082551 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulation of molecular features of metal free organic dyes is important to present sensitizers with competing electronic and optical properties for dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The D-A2-π-A1 molecular design based on phenothiazine skeleton (D) connected with benzothiadiazole (A2) linked with furan π-spacer and acceptor unit of cynoacrylic acid (A1) were fabricated and examined theoretically for possible use as DSSCs. Density functional theory (DFT) and time dependent density functional theory TDDFT were used to study the effect of additional donors on the photophysical properties of the dyes. Eight (8) different donor subunits were introduced at C7 of phenoxazine based dye skeleton to extend the π-conjugation, lower HOMO-LUMO gap (Eg) and improve photo-current efficiency of the dye sensitizer. All the dye sensitizers (except P3 and P4) exhibited capability of injecting electrons into the conduction band of the semiconductor (TiO2) and regenerated via redox potential (I−/I3-) electrode. Attachment of 2-hexylthiophene (P2) remarkably lowered the Eg, extended π-electron delocalization, hence, gives higher absorption wavelength (λmax) at 752 nm. The donor subunit containing 2-hexylthiophene (P2) presented the best chemical hardness, open circuit voltage (Voc), and other comparable electronic properties, making P2 the best DSSC candidate amongst the optimized dyes. The reported dyes would be interesting for further experimental research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Banjo Semire
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - Mopelola Abidemi Idowu
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria
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Bibi S, Khan M, ur‐Rehman S, Yaseen M, Muhammad S, Nadeem R, Jahan N, Noreen S, Misbah. Investigation analysis of optoelectronic and structural properties of cis‐ and trans‐structures of azo dyes: density functional theory study. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shamsa Bibi
- Department of Chemistry University of Agriculture Faisalabad Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Mehwish Khan
- Department of Chemistry University of Agriculture Faisalabad Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Shafiq ur‐Rehman
- Department of Chemistry University of Agriculture Faisalabad Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Yaseen
- Department of Physics University of Agriculture Faisalabad Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Shabbir Muhammad
- Department of Physics, College of Science King Khalid University Abha 61413 Saudi Arabia
| | - Raziya Nadeem
- Department of Chemistry University of Agriculture Faisalabad Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Nazish Jahan
- Department of Chemistry University of Agriculture Faisalabad Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Saima Noreen
- Department of Chemistry University of Agriculture Faisalabad Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Misbah
- Department of Chemistry University of Agriculture Faisalabad Faisalabad Pakistan
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15
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Xu F, Testoff TT, Wang L, Zhou X. Cause, Regulation and Utilization of Dye Aggregation in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:E4478. [PMID: 33003462 PMCID: PMC7582523 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As an important member of third generation solar cell, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have the advantages of being low cost, having an easy fabrication process, utilizing rich raw materials and a high-power conversion efficiency (PCE), prompting nearly three decades as a research hotspot. Recently, increasing the photoelectric conversion efficiency of DSSCs has proven troublesome. Sensitizers, as the most important part, are no longer limited to molecular engineering, and the regulation of dye aggregation has become a widely held concern, especially in liquid DSSCs. This review first presents the operational mechanism of liquid and solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells, including the influencing factors of various parameters on device efficiency. Secondly, the mechanism of dye aggregation was explained by molecular exciton theory, and the influence of various factors on dye aggregation was summarized. We focused on a review of several methods for regulating dye aggregation in liquid and solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells, and the advantages and disadvantages of these methods were analyzed. In addition, the important application of quantum computational chemistry in the study of dye aggregation was introduced. Finally, an outlook was proposed that utilizing the advantages of dye aggregation by combining molecular engineering with dye aggregation regulation is a research direction to improve the performance of liquid DSSCs in the future. For solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells (ssDSSCs), the effects of solid electrolytes also need to be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300345, China; (F.X.); (L.W.)
| | - Thomas T. Testoff
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA;
| | - Lichang Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300345, China; (F.X.); (L.W.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA;
| | - Xueqin Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300345, China; (F.X.); (L.W.)
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16
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Franchi D, Calamante M, Coppola C, Mordini A, Reginato G, Sinicropi A, Zani L. Synthesis and Characterization of New Organic Dyes Containing the Indigo Core. Molecules 2020; 25:E3377. [PMID: 32722406 PMCID: PMC7435895 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new series of symmetrical organic dyes containing an indigo central core decorated with different electron donor groups have been prepared, starting from Tyrian Purple and using the Pd-catalyzed Stille-Migita coupling process. The effect of substituents on the spectroscopic properties of the dyes has been investigated theoretically and experimentally. In general, all dyes presented intense light absorption bands, both in the blue and red regions of the visible spectrum, conferring them a bright green color in solution. Using the same approach, an asymmetrically substituted D-A-π-A green dye, bearing a triarylamine electron donor and the cyanoacrylate acceptor/anchoring group, has been synthesized for the first time and fully characterized, confirming that spectroscopic and electrochemical properties are consistent with a possible application in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Franchi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Ugo Schiff”, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia, 13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (D.F.); (M.C.)
- CNR-Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici (CNR-ICCOM), Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (A.S.); (L.Z.)
- Department of Chemistry, KTH, Teknikringen 30, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Massimo Calamante
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Ugo Schiff”, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia, 13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (D.F.); (M.C.)
- CNR-Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici (CNR-ICCOM), Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (A.S.); (L.Z.)
| | - Carmen Coppola
- R2ES Lab, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. Moro, 2, 53100 Siena, Italy;
- CSGI, Consorzio per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase, Via della Lastruccia, 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mordini
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Ugo Schiff”, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia, 13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (D.F.); (M.C.)
- CNR-Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici (CNR-ICCOM), Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (A.S.); (L.Z.)
| | - Gianna Reginato
- CNR-Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici (CNR-ICCOM), Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (A.S.); (L.Z.)
| | - Adalgisa Sinicropi
- CNR-Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici (CNR-ICCOM), Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (A.S.); (L.Z.)
- R2ES Lab, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. Moro, 2, 53100 Siena, Italy;
- CSGI, Consorzio per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase, Via della Lastruccia, 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Zani
- CNR-Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici (CNR-ICCOM), Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (A.S.); (L.Z.)
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Omurtag Özgen PS, Durmaz H, Parlak C, Alver Ö, Bağlayan Ö. Non-covalent functionalization of single walled carbon nanotubes with pyrene pendant polyester: A DFT supported study. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.127943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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Design, Molecular Modeling and Synthesis of Metal-Free Sensitizers of Thieno Pyridine Dyes as Light-Harvesting Materials with Efficiency Improvement Using Plasmonic Nanoparticles. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25081813. [PMID: 32326499 PMCID: PMC7221727 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the thiophene unit as an electron-rich heterocycle, it is investigated with the aim of elucidating its potential efficiency for solar cell application. With the introduction of active substituents such as COOEt, CONH2 and CN into the thiophene segment, three novel thieno pyridine sensitizers (6a–c), based on donor-acceptor D-π-A construction, are designed and synthesized. The effect of the anchoring groups is investigated based on their molecular orbital’s (MO’s) energy gap (Eg). The electrostatic interaction between the synthesized dyes and metal nanoparticles, namely gold, silver and ruthenium, is believed to improve their performance as organic sensitizers. The dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are manufactured using the novel diazenyl pyridothiophene dyes, along with their metal nanoparticles conjugates as sensitizers, and were examined for efficiency improvement. Accordingly, using this modification, the photovoltaic performance was significantly improved. The promising results of conjugate (6b/AgNPs), compared with reported organic and natural sensitizers (JSC (1.136 × 10−1 mA/cm2), VOC (0.436 V), FF (0.57) and η (2.82 × 10−2%)), are attributed to the good interaction between the amide, methyl, amino and cyano groups attached to the thiophene pyridyl scaffolds and the surface of TiO2 porous film. Implementation of a molecular modeling study is performed to predict the ability of the thiophene moiety to be used in solar cell applications.
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Sun ZD, Zhao JS, Ayyanar K, Ju XH, Xia QY. Design of high performance p-type sensitizers with pyridinium derivatives as the acceptor by theoretical calculations. RSC Adv 2020; 10:10569-10576. [PMID: 35492948 PMCID: PMC9050369 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra00610f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on triphenylamine as an electron donor and thiophene as a π-linker, Series P and A p-type sensitizers were designed to investigate the effects of the different acceptors on the properties of the sensitizers. The optimized molecular structures, electronic and optical properties were investigated by density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT). The results showed that the properties of the dyes can be tuned by the introduction of the different electron-withdrawing groups to the N atom in the pyridinium acceptor. Compared with the synthesized Series P dyes used in p-type sensitizers, the properties of Series A dyes, except for two dyes that cannot be used as p-type sensitizers, are improved by means of modifying pyridinium acceptors. Due to the suitable electron-withdrawing ability of the hexafluorodiacetylamino group in its acceptor, A6 has the narrowest energy gap (1.90 eV), the largest driving force of hole injection (ΔGinj, −0.68 eV), the high light harvesting efficiency (LHE, 0.9984) and the smallest internal reorganization energy (λint, 5.05 kcal mol−1). Hence, A6 not only enhances electronic excitation, but also improves the reorganization energy. Importantly, A6 shows the largest red shift and the maximum integral values of the adsorption over the visible light, as well as the strongest adsorption energy (−74.80 kcal mol−1) on a NiO surface. Thus, A6 may be a promising sensitizer for the p-type dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), and the acceptor of A6 may provide a new and easily accessible high performance acceptor for p-type sensitizers. Based on triphenylamine as an electron donor and thiophene as a π-linker, Series P and A p-type sensitizers were designed to investigate the effects of the different acceptors on the properties of the sensitizers.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Dan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of MOE, School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 P. R. China
| | - Jiang-Shan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of MOE, School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 P. R. China
| | - Karuppasamy Ayyanar
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of MOE, School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 P. R. China
| | - Xue-Hai Ju
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of MOE, School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 P. R. China
| | - Qi-Ying Xia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University Linyi P. R. China
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20
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Ferdowsi P, Saygili Y, Jazaeri F, Edvinsson T, Mokhtari J, Zakeeruddin SM, Liu Y, Grätzel M, Hagfeldt A. Molecular Engineering of Simple Metal-Free Organic Dyes Derived from Triphenylamine for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Applications. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:212-220. [PMID: 31592574 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201902245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Two new metal-free organic sensitizers, L156 and L224, were designed, synthesized, and characterized for application in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). The structures of the dyes contain a triphenylamine (TPA) segment and 4-(benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazol-4-yl)benzoic acid as electron-rich and -deficient moieties, respectively. Two different π bridges, thiophene and 4,8-bis(4-hexylphenyl)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene, were used for L156 and L224, respectively. The influence of iodide/triiodide, [Co(bpy)3 ]2+/3+ (bpy=2,2'-bipyridine), and [Cu(tmby)2 ]2+/+ (tmby=4,4',6,6'-tetramethyl-2,2'-bipyridine) complexes as redox electrolytes and 18 NR-T and 30 NR-D transparent TiO2 films on the DSC device performance was investigated. The L156-based DSC with [Cu(tmby)2 ]2+/+ complexes as the redox electrolyte resulted in the best performance of 9.26 % and a remarkably high open-circuit voltage value of 1.1 V (1.096 V), with a short-circuit current of 12.2 mA cm-2 and a fill factor of 0.692, by using 30 NR-D TiO2 films. An efficiency of up to 21.9 % was achieved under a 1000 lx indoor light source, which proved that dye L156 was also an excellent candidate for indoor applications. The maximal monochromatic incident-photon-to-current conversion efficiency of L156-30 NR-D reached up to 70 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parnian Ferdowsi
- Current affiliation: Soft Matter Physic, Adolph Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Department of Textile Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Guilan, Rasht, 41635-3756, Iran
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Photomolecular Science, Institute of Chemical Sciences Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yasemin Saygili
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Photomolecular Science, Institute of Chemical Sciences Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Farzan Jazaeri
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Integrated Circuits Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 2002, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Tomas Edvinsson
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Solid State Physics, Uppsala University, Box 534, 75121, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Javad Mokhtari
- Department of Textile Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Guilan, Rasht, 41635-3756, Iran
| | - Shaik M Zakeeruddin
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yuhang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael Grätzel
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anders Hagfeldt
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Photomolecular Science, Institute of Chemical Sciences Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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21
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Unny D, Kandregula GR, Sivanadanam J, Ramanujam K. Molecular engineering of pyrene carbazole dyes with a single bond and double bond as the mode of linkage. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj03228j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Both carbazole and pyrene are electron-rich aromatic systems and are expected to be potential donors when used in push–pull dye architecture in the field of DSSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Unny
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600036
- India
| | | | - Jagadeeswari Sivanadanam
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600036
- India
- DST-IITM Solar Energy Harnessing Centre
| | - Kothandaraman Ramanujam
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600036
- India
- DST-IITM Solar Energy Harnessing Centre
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22
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Ali BM, Kumar KA, Sultan Nasar A. Fifth Generation Polyurethane Dendrimers Decorated with Protected Amine, Free Amine and Blocked Isocyanate End Groups: Synthesis and Electrolytic Performance to Increase the Efficiency of Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cell. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201903289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Badusha Mohamad Ali
- Department of Polymer ScienceUniversity of MadrasGuindy Campus Chennai- 600025 India
| | - Kaliamurthy Ashok Kumar
- Department of ChemistryAnna University Chennai- 600025 India
- Department of Energy and Materials EngineeringDongguk University Seoul 04620 South Korea
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23
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Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Using Aluminum-Doped Zinc Oxide/Titanium Dioxide Photoanodes in Parallel. ENERGIES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/en12183469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, both zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods and aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) nanosheets were deposited by hydrothermal growth on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass. After a photoanode was added to ZnO nanorods or AZO nanosheets, the photovoltaic conversion efficiency (PCE) increased due to improved electron transport and enhanced dye absorption. The improvement in electron transport was verified by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and the increase in dye absorption was verified by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. Both of these factors facilitated an increase in PCE. Parameters for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) using ZnO nanorods/TiO2 and AZO nanosheets/TiO2 photoanodes were tested and the results were recorded using EIS. The results indicated that the addition of the ZnO nanorods increased the short-circuit current density (Jsc) from 9.07 mA/cm2 to 10.91 mA/cm2, the open circuit voltage (Voc) from 0.68 V to 0.70 V, and the PCE from 3.70% to 4.73%, respectively. When the DSSCs were produced in a parallel silver-grid device, the results showed that PCE could be increased from 3.67% to 4.04% due to the reduction in connection resistance.
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Sun ZD, Zhao JS, Mei Z, Ju XH. Theoretical study of nitrogen cation modified aromatics containing thiophene as π-linker for p-type photosensitizers. J Mol Model 2019; 25:300. [PMID: 31485917 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-019-4179-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of triphenylamine as an electron donor with attachment of two -COOH anchoring groups and dicyanovinyl as acceptor, ten dyes with D-π-A structures were designed to investigate the effects of different π-linker groups on the properties of the sensitizers, especially the influence of the π-linkers containing nitrogen cation (N+). The optimized structures and electronic and optical properties were investigated by the density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT). The results show that all the investigated dyes can be used as dye sensitizers for the p-type dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) except one dye which contains two N+. The N+ modified dye (named S3-PZL1C) has narrow energy gap (2.02 eV), the best light-harvesting efficiency (LHE, 0.9974), and the smallest internal reorganization energy (λint = 7.00 kcal/mol). Importantly, S3-PZL1C displays the largest red shift of the UV-vis absorption, the maximum integral values of the adsorption-wavelength curves over the visible light (400~800 nm), and the strongest adsorption energy (- 66.84 kcal/mol) on NiO surface. In addition, S3-PZL1C not only enhances the electronic excitation but also improves the reorganization energy and charge separation. The intramolecular charge transfer towards the acceptor is sensitive to the N+ position in π-linkers. Therefore, the suitable introduction of N+ in dyes can improve the performance of the dyes, and the PZL1C moiety may be a promising π-linker for p-type DSSCs. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Dan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of MOE, School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang-Shan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of MOE, School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Mei
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of MOE, School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Hai Ju
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of MOE, School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Effect of Nitrogen Cation as "Electron Trap" at π-Linker on Properties for p-Type Photosensitizers: DFT Study. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24173134. [PMID: 31466362 PMCID: PMC6749191 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
On the basis of thieno(3,2-b)thiophene and dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]thiophene (T2 and T3 moieties) as π-linker, the A, D and S series dyes were designed to investigate the effect of the introducing N+ as an “electron trap” into T2 and T3 on the properties of the dyes. The optimized structures, electronic and optical properties were investigated by the density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT). The results show that the properties of the dyes are sensitive to the N+ position in π-linkers. D series dyes with electron-withdrawing units located near the donor have better properties than the corresponding A series with the electron-withdrawing units located near the acceptor. For A and D series, the N+ modified dye named T2N+1-d displays the largest red shift of the UV–vis absorption, the maximum integral values of the adsorption-wavelength curves over the visible light, the highest light harvesting efficiency (LHE, 0.996), and the strongest adsorption energy (−44.33 kcal/mol). T2N+1-d also has a large driving force of hole injection (ΔGinj, −0.74 eV), which results in a more efficient hole injection. Bearing a lengthier π-linker than T2N+1-d, the properties of T2N+1-s are further improved. T2N+1-d moiety or its increased conjugated derivatives may be a promising π-linker.
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26
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Transition metal-catalyzed cross-coupling methodologies for the engineering of small molecules with applications in organic electronics and photovoltaics. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Theoretical Study on the Use Cyano Acid Derivation as Electron Acceptors in Pelargonidin as Dye Compounds of Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC). JURNAL KIMIA SAINS DAN APLIKASI 2019. [DOI: 10.14710/jksa.22.4.123-128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The theoretical study of the use of cyano acid derivatives as electron acceptor groups in pelargonidin as a dye compound in sensitized solar cells (DSSC) was successfully carried out. Theoretical study was carried out with the purpose to determine the effect modification of the addition of cyanoacrylic benzothiadiazole, cyanoacrylate, cyanovinyl, and cyanocynamic as electron acceptors to the characteristics of pelargonidin as dye DSSC. The effect of modification is based on the parameters of bond length, spectra, molecular electron density, light harvesting efficiency (LHE), (VRP), and HOMO-LUMO energy. The molecular structure created using the Avogadro program, then optimized by DFT/TDDFT method using a base set 6.311G *. Based on the results of research on pelargonidin-benzothiadiazole cyanoacrylate is a better modification when compared with pelargonidin without modification or pelargonidin modified with other cyano acids. This modification is better modification based on parameters molecular electron density, HOMO-LUMO energy, (VRP), bond lengths, and spectra. Pelargonidin-benzothiadiazole cyanoacrylic electron density in LUMO conditions centred in benzothiadiazole cyanoacrylic, HOMO and LUMO energy of dye is -4.97856 eV & -2,56731 eV, VRP value 0.439, bond lengths 1.936 Å, and spectra at wavelength 393.14 nm & 377.09 nm. Based on the light harvesting efficiency (LHE), pelargonidin without modification is the best modification with an LHE value 0.820.
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Park JM, Jung CY, Wang Y, Choi HD, Park SJ, Ou P, Jang WD, Jaung JY. Effect of regioisomeric substitution patterns on the performance of quinoxaline-based dye-sensitized solar cells. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.12.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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29
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Relationship between photo-physical and electrochemical properties of D-π-A compounds regarding solar cell applications. 1. Substituent type effect in photovoltaic performance. J Mol Model 2019; 25:81. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-019-3955-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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30
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Theoretical Study of the Use of Cyano Acid Derivatives as Electron Acceptors in Cyanidin as Compounds of Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC). JURNAL KIMIA SAINS DAN APLIKASI 2019. [DOI: 10.14710/jksa.22.1.1-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Theoretical study of the use of cyano acid derivatives as electron acceptor groups in cyanidine as dye compounds of dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC) has been carried out based on energy parameters of HOMO-LUMO, LUMO electron localization, spectra, light absorption efficiency, coupling constants, and sensitizer bond length with TiO2. This study aims to determine the effect of cyanoacetic acid, cyanoacrylic benzothiadizole, cyanovinyl acid and cyanosynamic acid as electron acceptors on the photoelectric characteristics of cyanidine and determine the cyanoic acid derivative which can produce cyanidine photoelectric characteristics better based on energy parameters HOMO-LUMO, LUMO electron localization, spectra, light harvesting efficiency, coupling constant (VRP), and bond length of sensitizer with TiO2. This research begun with molecular optimization using DFT and TDDFT method with basis set of 6.311G *. HOMO-LUMO parameters used the same method with analysis technique using ECCE. The LUMO electron localization parameters use the same method, but the analysis technique used ECCE. Spectra using DFT method, using analytical technique using Chemcraft. Parameters of light absorption efficiency using DFT and TDDFT method with calculation technique using existing equations. Coupling constant parameters using the same method, the calculation technique used the energy equation of dye compounds were calculated in the conditions of HOMO, LUMO and TiO2 energy. Parameter length of the sensitizer bond with TiO2 were calculated used DFT method with avogadro analysis technique. Cyanidin cyanoacetate became the best modification based on HOMO LUMO energy parameter -4.569 and -1.01 eV, respesctively. In the electron localization parameter, the best modification was produced in cyanidine cyanoacetate with an electron-centered pattern on the cyanoacetic group. Spectra parameters produced the best modification, cyanoacetic cyanidine with a wavelength of 378.811 nm with osillator strength of 0.633. The light absorption efficiency parameters resulted in the best modification of cyanidin cyanoacetate with a value of 0.767. For parameter of clutch constant, best modification is cyanidin benzothiadizol sianoakrilik with a value -0.269. The best modification on the parameter length of the sensitizer bond with TiO2 was cyanidine cyanoacetate with a bond length of 1.926 Å.
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31
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Ouared I, Rekhis M, Trari M. Theoretical Study of Phenothiazine Organic Dyes with Different Spacers for Dye-Sensitised Solar Cells. Aust J Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1071/ch18449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, six organic dyes have been studied by density functional theory (DFT). The electron-acceptor group is the cyanoacrylic acid unit for all sensitisers, and the electron-donor unit is a phenothiazine (PTZ) fragment substituted by an ethynyl-pyrene unit; the π-linker was varied, and the influence was investigated. The dye bearing the divinylthiophene linker showed the highest absorption maximum. The theoretical photovoltaic properties revealed that the overall efficiency of the solar cell could be remarkably improved using the designed dyes. The results indicated that all of the studied organic dyes are good candidates as photosensitisers for dye-sensitised solar cells (DSSCs).
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Natural pigments in dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC): a DFT-TDDFT study. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-018-1561-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Sasi S, Sugunan SK, Radhakrishnan Nair P, Subramanian KRV, Mathew S. Scope of surface-modified molecular and nanomaterials in gel/liquid forms for developing mechanically flexible DSSCs/QDSSCs. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 18:15-29. [PMID: 30398278 DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00293b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The advanced lifestyle of the human race involves heavy usage of various gadgets which require copious supplies of energy for uninterrupted functioning. Due to the ongoing depletion of fossil fuels and the accelerating demand for other energy resources, renewable energy sources, especially solar cells, are being extensively explored as viable alternatives. Flexible solar cells have recently emerged as an advanced member of the photovoltaic family; the flexibility and pliability of these photovoltaic materials are advantageous from a practical point of view. Conventional flexible solar cell materials, when dispersed in solvents, are usually volatile and create severe stability issues when incorporated in devices. Recently, non-volatile, less viscous functional molecular liquids/gels have been proposed as potential materials for use in foldable device applications. This perspective article discusses the scope of surface-modified non-volatile molecular and nanomaterials in liquid/gel forms in the manufacturing and deployment of flexible photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soorya Sasi
- Advanced Molecular Materials Research Centre, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India.
| | - Sunish K Sugunan
- Advanced Molecular Materials Research Centre, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India. and Department of Chemistry, CMS College (Autonomous) - affiliated to Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | - P Radhakrishnan Nair
- Advanced Molecular Materials Research Centre, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India.
| | - K R V Subramanian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, GITAM University, Nagadenahalli, Dodballapur Taluk, Bengaluru 562103, India
| | - Suresh Mathew
- Advanced Molecular Materials Research Centre, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India. and School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarshini Hills, Kottayam, Kerala, India
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35
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Siddiqui SA. In silico investigation of the coumarin-based organic semiconductors for the possible use in organic electronic devices. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shamoon Ahmad Siddiqui
- Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices; Najran University; Najran KSA
- Department of Physics, College of Arts and Science; Najran University; Najran KSA
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36
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Characterizations of Efficient Charge Transfer and Photoelectric Performance in the Cosensitization of Solar Cells. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8071122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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37
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Salimi Beni A, Zarandi M, Hosseinzadeh B, Najafi Chermahini A. Density functional theory study of carbazole dyes: Potential application of carbazole dyes in dye-sensitized solar cells. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.02.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Shaikh JS, Shaikh NS, Mali SS, Patil JV, Pawar KK, Kanjanaboos P, Hong CK, Kim JH, Patil PS. Nanoarchitectures in dye-sensitized solar cells: metal oxides, oxide perovskites and carbon-based materials. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:4987-5034. [PMID: 29488524 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr08350e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have aroused great interest and been regarded as a potential renewable energy resource among the third-generation solar cell technologies to fulfill the 21st century global energy demand. DSSCs have notable advantages such as low cost, easy fabrication process and being eco-friendly in nature. The progress of DSSCs over the last 20 years has been nearly constant due to some limitations, like poor long-term stability, narrow absorption spectrum, charge carrier transportation and collection losses and poor charge transfer mechanism for regeneration of dye molecules. The main challenge for the scientific community is to improve the performance of DSSCs by using different approaches, like finding new electrode materials with suitable nanoarchitectures, dyes in composition with promising semiconductors and metal quantum dot fluorescent dyes, and cost-effective hole transporting materials (HTMs). This review focuses on DSSC photo-physics, which includes charge separation, effective transportation, collection and recombination processes. Different nanostructured materials, including metal oxides, oxide perovskites and carbon-based composites, have been studied for photoanodes, and counter electrodes, which are crucial to achieve DSSC devices with higher efficiency and better stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin S Shaikh
- Thin film materials laboratory, Department of Physics, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 416004, India.
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Ferdowsi P, Saygili Y, Zhang W, Edvinson T, Kavan L, Mokhtari J, Zakeeruddin SM, Grätzel M, Hagfeldt A. Molecular Design of Efficient Organic D-A-π -A Dye Featuring Triphenylamine as Donor Fragment for Application in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. CHEMSUSCHEM 2018; 11:494-502. [PMID: 29227038 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201701949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A metal-free organic sensitizer, suitable for the application in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), has been designed, synthesized and characterized both experimentally and theoretically. The structure of the novel donor-acceptor-π-bridge-acceptor (D-A-π-A) dye incorporates a triphenylamine (TPA) segment and 4-(benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazol-4-ylethynyl)benzoic acid (BTEBA). The triphenylamine unit is widely used as an electron donor for photosensitizers, owing to its nonplanar molecular configuration and excellent electron-donating capability, whereas 4-(benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazol-4-ylethynyl)benzoic acid is used as an electron acceptor unit. The influences of I3- /I- , [Co(bpy)3 ]3+/2+ and [Cu(tmby)2 ]2+/+ (tmby=4,4',6,6'-tetramethyl-2,2'-bipyridine) as redox electrolytes on the DSSC device performance were also investigated. The maximal monochromatic incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) reached 81 % and the solar light to electrical energy conversion efficiency of devices with [Cu(tmby)2 ]2+/+ reached 7.15 %. The devices with [Co(bpy)3 ]3+/2+ and I3- /I- electrolytes gave efficiencies of 5.22 % and 6.14 %, respectively. The lowest device performance with a [Co(bpy)3 ]3+/2+ -based electrolyte is attributed to increased charge recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parnian Ferdowsi
- Department of Textile engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Guilan, Rasht, 41635-3756, Iran
- Department of chemistry, Laboratory of Photomolecular Science, Institute of Chemical Sciences Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yasemin Saygili
- Department of chemistry, Laboratory of Photomolecular Science, Institute of Chemical Sciences Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of chemistry, Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tomas Edvinson
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Solid State Physics, Uppsala University, Box 534, 75121, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ladislav Kavan
- Department of chemistry, Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, 1823, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Javad Mokhtari
- Department of Textile engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Guilan, Rasht, 41635-3756, Iran
| | - Shaik M Zakeeruddin
- Department of chemistry, Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael Grätzel
- Department of chemistry, Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anders Hagfeldt
- Department of chemistry, Laboratory of Photomolecular Science, Institute of Chemical Sciences Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Mamun MA, Qiao Q, Logue BA. Functionalized carboxylate deposition of triphenylamine-based organic dyes for efficient dye-sensitized solar cells. RSC Adv 2018; 8:31943-31949. [PMID: 35547473 PMCID: PMC9085798 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra06595k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Functionalized carboxylate deposition involves deposition of molecules from the gas phase and is an alternative dye loading technique to dip-coating. It was used to create a monolayer of large molecular weight dyes on TiO2, providing multiple advantages to dip-coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ataul Mamun
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
- South Dakota State University
- Brookings
- USA
| | - Qiquan Qiao
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
- South Dakota State University
- Brookings
- USA
| | - Brian A. Logue
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- South Dakota State University
- Brookings
- USA
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Fernandes SS, Castro MCR, Pereira AI, Mendes A, Serpa C, Pina J, Justino LLG, Burrows HD, Raposo MMM. Optical and Photovoltaic Properties of Thieno[3,2- b]thiophene-Based Push-Pull Organic Dyes with Different Anchoring Groups for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:9268-9279. [PMID: 29302638 PMCID: PMC5748282 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The effect of anchoring groups on the optical and electrochemical properties of triphenylamine-thienothiophenes, and on the photovoltaic performance of DSSCs photosensitized with the prepared dyes, was studied using newly synthesized compounds with cyanoacetic acid or rhodanine-3-acetic acid groups. Precursor aldehydes were synthesized through Suzuki cross-coupling, whereas Knoevenagel condensation of these with 2-cyanoacetic acid or rhodanine-3-acetic acid afforded the final push-pull dyes. A comprehensive photophysical study was performed in solution and in the solid state. The femtosecond time-resolved transient absorption spectra for the synthesized dyes were obtained following photoexcitation in solution and for the dyes adsorbed to TiO2 mesoporous films. Information on conformation, electronic structure, and electron distribution was obtained by density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT calculations. Triphenylamine-thienothiophene functionalized with a cyanoacetic acid anchoring group displayed the highest conversion efficiency (3.68%) as the dye sensitizer in nanocrystalline TiO2 solar cells. Coadsorption studies were performed for this dye with the ruthenium-based N719 dye, and they showed dye power conversion efficiencies enhanced by 20-64%. The best cell performance obtained with the coadsorbed N719 and cyanoacetic dye showed an efficiency of 6.05%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara S.
M. Fernandes
- Centro
de Química, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - M. Cidália R. Castro
- Centro
de Química, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Isabel Pereira
- LEPABE—Faculdade
de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Adélio Mendes
- LEPABE—Faculdade
de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos Serpa
- Centro
de Química de Coimbra, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Coimbra, P3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Pina
- Centro
de Química de Coimbra, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Coimbra, P3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Licínia L. G. Justino
- Centro
de Química de Coimbra, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Coimbra, P3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Hugh D. Burrows
- Centro
de Química de Coimbra, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Coimbra, P3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M. Manuela M. Raposo
- Centro
de Química, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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Opto-electronic and interfacial charge transfer properties of azobenzene dyes on anatase TiO 2 (001) surface – The effect of anchoring group. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Khan J, Gu J, He S, Li X, Ahmed G, Liu Z, Akhtar MN, Mai W, Wu M. Rational design of a tripartite-layered TiO 2 photoelectrode: a candidate for enhanced power conversion efficiency in dye sensitized solar cells. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:9913-9920. [PMID: 28678289 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr03134c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A tri-layered photoelectrode for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) is assembled using single crystal hollow TiO2 nanoparticles (HTNPs), sub-micro hollow TiO2 mesospheres (SHTMSs) and hierarchical TiO2 microspheres (HTMSs). The bottom layer composed of single crystal hollow TiO2 nanoparticles serves to absorb dye molecules, harvest light due to its hollow structure and keep a better mechanical contact with FTO conducting glass; the middle layer consisting of sub-micro hollow mesospheres works as a multifunctional layer due to its high dye adsorption ability, strong light trapping and scattering ability and slow recombination rates; and the top layer consisting of hierarchical microspheres enhances light scattering. The DSSCs made of photoanodes with a tripartite-layer structure (Film 4) show a superior photoconversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.24%, which is 7.4% higher than a single layered photoanode composed of HTNPs (Film 1: 8.90%), 4.6% higher than a double layer-based electrode consisting of HTNPs and SHTMSs (Film 2: 9.03%) and 2.6% higher than a double layer-based electrode made of HTNPs and HTMSs (Film 3: 9.11%). The significant improvements in the PCE for tri-layered TiO2 photoanodes are mainly because of the combined effects of their higher light scattering ability, long electron lifetime, fast electron transport rate, efficient charge collection and a considerable surface area with high dye-loading capability. This study confirms that the facile tri-layered photoanode is an interesting structure for high-efficiency DSSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javid Khan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Environment and Energy Chemistry of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China.
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Combined computational and experimental study of carbazole dyes for iodide- and cobalt-based ZnO DSSCs. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Boldt S, Parpart S, Villinger A, Ehlers P, Langer P. Synthesis and Properties of Aza-ullazines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201701347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Boldt
- Institut für Chemie; Universität Rostock; Albert Einstein Str. 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Silvio Parpart
- Institut für Chemie; Universität Rostock; Albert Einstein Str. 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Institut für Chemie; Universität Rostock; Albert Einstein Str. 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Peter Ehlers
- Institut für Chemie; Universität Rostock; Albert Einstein Str. 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
- Leibniz Institut für Katalyse an der Universität Rostock e.V.; Albert Einstein Str. 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Peter Langer
- Institut für Chemie; Universität Rostock; Albert Einstein Str. 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
- Leibniz Institut für Katalyse an der Universität Rostock e.V.; Albert Einstein Str. 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
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Boldt S, Parpart S, Villinger A, Ehlers P, Langer P. Synthesis and Properties of Aza-ullazines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:4575-4578. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201701347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Boldt
- Institut für Chemie; Universität Rostock; Albert Einstein Str. 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Silvio Parpart
- Institut für Chemie; Universität Rostock; Albert Einstein Str. 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Institut für Chemie; Universität Rostock; Albert Einstein Str. 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Peter Ehlers
- Institut für Chemie; Universität Rostock; Albert Einstein Str. 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
- Leibniz Institut für Katalyse an der Universität Rostock e.V.; Albert Einstein Str. 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Peter Langer
- Institut für Chemie; Universität Rostock; Albert Einstein Str. 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
- Leibniz Institut für Katalyse an der Universität Rostock e.V.; Albert Einstein Str. 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
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