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Ahmed G, Rathi S, Sidhu HK, Muzaffar M, Wajid MH, Kumari K, Fakhor H, Attia NM, Majumder K, Kumar V, Tejwaney U, Ram N. Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and hemochromatosis: a narrative review. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024; 86:909-919. [PMID: 38333328 PMCID: PMC10849313 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000001605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) and hemochromatosis have a complex relationship. This review explores its mechanisms, prevalence, correlations, and clinical manifestations. Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) involves iron overload due to HFE protein mutations, while atrial fibrillation (AF) is characterized by irregular heart rhythms. Iron overload in hemochromatosis can promote cardiac arrhythmias. AF is prevalent in developed countries and may be linked to cryptogenic strokes. Genetic variations and demographic factors influence the occurrence of both conditions. HH affects multiple organ systems, including the heart, while AF causes palpitations and reduced exercise tolerance. Diagnosis involves iron markers, genotypic testing, and electrocardiogram (ECG) findings. Treatment strategies focus on reducing iron levels in hemochromatosis and managing AF through antithrombotic therapy and rhythm control. Untreated hemochromatosis carries a higher risk of complications, and PAF is associated with increased cardiovascular-related mortality. For better understanding of the mechanisms and to improve management, additional studies are required. Tailored approaches and combined treatments may enhance patient outcomes.
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Ahmed G, Oladele GO, Usman A, Adesiyun O, Olowu AO. Determinants and Outcomes for Neonatal Septicaemia at the Federal Medical Centre Bida, North Central Nigeria. West Afr J Med 2023; 40:792-798. [PMID: 37639291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal septicaemia (NNS) occurs during the first 28 days of life and is characterized by systemic bacterial infection proven by blood culture. It is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates. Determinants of NNS vary between locations forming the basis for this study. OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence and the predisposing factors to neonatal septicaemia among neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Federal Medical Centre, Bida (FMC Bida). METHODS This was a one-year prospective observational study, 167 neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of FMC Bida, were selected by purposive sampling method to participate in the study from 13th May, 2015 to 30th April, 2016. A structured questionnaire was filled out by consenting parents and blood samples were collected for laboratory analysis. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 20 (2016). The data were summarized using frequency distributions, means, standard deviation, charts and tables while statistical significance was determined using the chisquare test and Fisher's exact test at a 5% level of significance as well as Odd's Ratio (OR) as appropriate. RESULTS Of the 167 neonates recruited, 97(58.1%) were males, 70(41.9%) were females and a male: female ratio of 1.4:1. Outborns were 100 (60%), inborns were 67(40%). Mean age was 4.3 ± 1.5 days and the mean weight of 2589 ± 743.9g. The overall prevalence of neonatal sepsis was 2.33% while the blood culture's positive rate was 9.58%. Risk factors identified in the neonates in this study were prolonged rupture of membranes (PROM), chorioamnionitis, meconium-stained liquor, foul-smelling vaginal discharge, being an outborn, having a low birth weight, inability to cry at birth and prematurity but, PROM was the only risk factor significantly associated with septicaemia (OR 5.4; 95% CI 2.2-13.5) while Escherichia coli was the leading bacterial isolate. CONCLUSION In conclusion, prolonged rupture of membrane was mostly responsible for neonatal septicaemia in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ahmed
- Department of Paediatrics, Federal Medical Centre Bida, Niger State, Nigeria
| | - G O Oladele
- Department of Family Medicine, Federal Medical Centre Bida, Niger State, Nigeria
| | - A Usman
- Department of Paediatrics, Federal Medical Centre Bida, Niger State, Nigeria
| | - O Adesiyun
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - A O Olowu
- Department of Paediatrics, Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Ogun State, Nigeria
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Ahmed G, Rasheed A, Munawar KS, Bandaru S, Khan J, Liu Z, Ahmad MS. Visible light-driven photocatalytic bacterial inactivation on PPE, supported by the DFT and bactericidal study. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27867-5. [PMID: 37273042 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27867-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel ZnO-MoO3-ZnMoO3@graphene GZM composite catalyst prepared by microwave hydrothermal process for personal protective equipment textiles (PPE) is presented in this study. The results indicated that the GZM with defect vacancy sites of two types as observed by EPR showed significantly superior inactivation of the E. coli bacteria compared to GZM without the lower defect vacancy sites and concomitant lower electron densities. Photocatalytic activated oxidation by the GZM composites coatings was observed to proceed in acceptable times as well as the bacterial inactivation (log bact. C/Co > 107 within 3 h). Defect sites in the GZM seem to be important leading to the bacterial inactivation process. DFT calculations on the GZM with and without catalyst defect sites were carried out. The electron densities were estimated by the Fourier mapping. The results found in this study showed the potential of GZM-PPE for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulzar Ahmed
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Adeel Rasheed
- Department of Physics, University of Mianwali, Mianwali, 42200, Pakistan
| | | | - Satesh Bandaru
- College of Material Science and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Javid Khan
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Zhongwu Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Muhammad Sheraz Ahmad
- Center for Environmental Sustainability and Human Health, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan
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Shahzad Munawar K, Ali S, Ashfaq M, Nawaz Tahir M, Muhammad S, Alarfaji SS, Ahmed G, Al‐Sehemi AG. Synthesis, Characterization, Crystal Structure and Computational Study of Third‐Order NLO Properties of Schiff bases. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khurram Shahzad Munawar
- Institute of Chemistry University of Sargodha Sargodha 40100 Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry University of Mianwali Mianwali 42200 Pakistan
| | - Saqib Ali
- Department of Chemistry Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ashfaq
- Department of Physics University of Sargodha Sargodha 40100 Pakistan
| | | | - Shabbir Muhammad
- Department of Chemistry College of Science King Khalid University P.O. Box 9004 Abha 61413 Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh S. Alarfaji
- Department of Chemistry College of Science King Khalid University P.O. Box 9004 Abha 61413 Saudi Arabia
| | - Gulzar Ahmed
- School of Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
- Department of Chemistry University of Mianwali Mianwali 42200 Pakistan
| | - Abdullah G. Al‐Sehemi
- Department of Chemistry College of Science King Khalid University P.O. Box 9004 Abha 61413 Saudi Arabia
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Ashfaq M, Tahir MN, Muhammad S, Munawar KS, Ali S, Ahmed G, Al-Sehemi AG, Alarfaji SS, Ibraheem Khan ME. Shedding Light on the Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Characterization, and Computational Study of Optoelectronic Properties and Bioactivity of Imine derivatives. ACS Omega 2022; 7:5217-5230. [PMID: 35187337 PMCID: PMC8851652 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Two imine compounds named as (E)-2-(((3,4-dichlorophenyl)imino)methyl)phenol (DC2H) and (E)-4-(((2,4-dimethylphenyl)imino)methyl)phenol (DM4H) are synthesized, and their crystal structures are verified using the single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The crystal structures of the compounds are compared with the closely related crystal structures using the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD). The crystal packing in terms of intermolecular interactions is fully explored by Hirshfeld surface analysis. Void analysis is carried out for both compounds to check the strength of the crystal packing. Furthermore, a state-of-the-art dual computational technique consisting of quantum chemical and molecular docking methods is used to shed light on the molecular structure, optoelectronic properties, and bioactivity of indigenously synthesized compounds. The optimized molecular geometries are compared with their counterpart experimental values. Based on previous reports of biofunctions of the indigenously synthesized imine derivatives, they are explored for their potential inhibition properties against two very crucial proteins (main protease (Mpro) and nonstructural protein 9 (NSP9)) of SARS-CoV-2. The calculated interaction energy values of DC2H and DM4H with Mpro are found to be -6.3 and -6.6 kcal/mol, respectively, and for NSP9, the calculated interaction energy value is found to be -6.5 kcal/mol. We believe that the current combined study through experiments and computational techniques will not only pique the interest of the broad scientific community but also evoke interest in their further in vitro and in vivo investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ashfaq
- Department
of Physics, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | | | - Shabbir Muhammad
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid
University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Saqib Ali
- Department
of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Gulzar Ahmed
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, South
China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Abdullah G. Al-Sehemi
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid
University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh S. Alarfaji
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid
University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
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Li M, Viswanadhapalli S, Santhamma B, Pratap UP, Luo Y, Liu J, Altwegg KA, Tang W, Liu Z, Li X, Ebrahimi B, Yan H, Zou Y, Konda S, Sareddy GR, Xu Z, Chen Y, Rao MK, Brenner AJ, Kaklamani VG, Tekmal RR, Ahmed G, Raj GV, Nickisch KJ, Nair HB, Vadlamudi RK. LIFR inhibition enhances the therapeutic efficacy of HDAC inhibitors in triple negative breast cancer. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1235. [PMID: 34716410 PMCID: PMC8556368 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02741-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) are identified as novel therapeutic agents, however, recent clinical studies suggested that they are marginally effective in treating triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Here, we show that first-in-class Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Receptor (LIFRα) inhibitor EC359 could enhance the therapeutic efficacy of HDACi against TNBC. We observed that both targeted knockdown of LIFR with CRISPR or treatment with EC359 enhanced the potency of four different HDACi in reducing cell viability, cell survival, and enhanced apoptosis compared to monotherapy in TNBC cells. RNA-seq studies demonstrated oncogenic/survival signaling pathways activated by HDACi were attenuated by the EC359 + HDACi therapy. Importantly, combination therapy potently inhibited the growth of TNBC patient derived explants, cell derived xenografts and patient-derived xenografts in vivo. Collectively, our results suggest that targeted inhibition of LIFR can enhance the therapeutic efficacy of HDACi in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxing Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Suryavathi Viswanadhapalli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
| | | | - Uday P Pratap
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Yiliao Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Junhao Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Kristin A Altwegg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Weiwei Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Zexuan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Xiaonan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Behnam Ebrahimi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Hui Yan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Yi Zou
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | | | - Gangadhara R Sareddy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Zhenming Xu
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Yidong Chen
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Manjeet K Rao
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Andrew J Brenner
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Virginia G Kaklamani
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Rajeshwar R Tekmal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | | | - Ganesh V Raj
- Departments of Urology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | | | | | - Ratna K Vadlamudi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
- Audie L. Murphy Division, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
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7
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Yue X, Wu F, Wang J, Kim K, Santhamma B, Dileep KV, Zhang KYJ, Viswanadhapalli S, Vadlamudi RK, Ahmed G, Feng Z, Nickisch K, Hu W. EC330, a small-molecule compound, is a potential novel inhibitor of LIF signaling. J Mol Cell Biol 2021; 12:477-480. [PMID: 32221559 PMCID: PMC7333478 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjaa008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xuetian Yue
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Fangnan Wu
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Jianming Wang
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Kaitlin Kim
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | | | - Kalarickal V Dileep
- Laboratory for Structural Bioinformatics, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kam Y J Zhang
- Laboratory for Structural Bioinformatics, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Suryavathi Viswanadhapalli
- Department of Obstertrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Ratna K Vadlamudi
- Department of Obstertrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | | | - Zhaohui Feng
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | | | - Wenwei Hu
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
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Bharti, Kumar A, Ahmed G, Gupta M, Bocchetta P, Adalati R, Chandra R, Kumar Y. Theories and models of supercapacitors with recent advancements: impact and interpretations. Nano Ex 2021. [DOI: 10.1088/2632-959x/abf8c2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Supercapacitors provide remarkable eco-friendly advancement in energy conversion and storage with a huge potential to control the future economy of the entire world. Currently, industries focus on the design and engineering aspects of supercapacitors with high performance (high energy), flexibility (by the use of composite polymer based electrolytes), high voltage (ionic liquid) and low cost. The paper reviews the modelling techniques like Empirical modelling, Dissipation transmission line models, Continuum models, Atomistic models, Quantum models, Simplified analytical models etc. proposed for the theoretical study of Supercapacitors and discusses their limitations in studying all the aspects of Supercapacitors. It also reviews the various software packages available for Supercapacitor (SC) modelling and discusses their advantages and disadvantages. The paper also reviews the Experimental advancements in the field of electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs), pseudo capacitors and hybrid/asymmetric supercapacitors and discusses the commercial progress of supercapacitors as well.
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Pydisetty G, Ahmed G, Kharashgah M. Hospital vs community screening for breast cancer. Breast 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9776(21)00191-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Skhiri S, Ghriss N, Ahmed G, Ben Yahia W, Ghannouchi N, Amira A. Atteinte hématologique au cours du syndrome de Sjögren. Rev Med Interne 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2020.10.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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11
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Roth P, Wong GKL, Frosz MH, Ahmed G, Russell PSJ. Full-field characterization of helical Bloch modes guided in twisted coreless photonic crystal fiber. Opt Lett 2019; 44:5049-5052. [PMID: 31613260 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.005049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
It was recently reported that a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with no structural core guides light if a permanent chiral twist is introduced by spinning the fiber preform during the draw. The intriguing guidance mechanism behind this novel effect has many remarkable features; for example, it intrinsically supports circularly polarized helical Bloch modes (HBMs) that carry multiple optical vortices, making twisted PCFs of interest in fields such as optical micro-manipulation, imaging, quantum optics, and optical communications. Here we report for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, that a twisted coreless PCF supports not just one but a family of guided HBMs, each member of which has a unique transverse field distribution and harmonic spectrum. By making detailed interferometric measurements of the near-field phase and amplitude distributions of HBMs, and expanding them as a series of Bessel beams, we are able to extract the amplitude of each azimuthal and radial HBM harmonic. Good agreement is found with the numerical solutions of Maxwell's equations. The results shed light on the properties of this curious new optical phenomenon.
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Ahn M, Cantarini M, Frewer P, Hawkins G, Peters J, Howarth P, Ahmed G, Sahota T, Hartmaier R, Li-Sucholeiki X, Oxnard G. P1.01-134 SAVANNAH: Phase II Trial of Osimertinib + Savolitinib in EGFR-Mutant, MET-Driven Advanced NSCLC, Following Prior Osimertinib. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ahmed G, Raziq F, Hanif M, Khan J, Munawar KS, Wu M, Cao X, Liu Z. Oxygen-Cluster-Modified Anatase with Graphene Leads to Efficient and Recyclable Photo-Catalytic Conversion of CO 2 to CH 4 Supported by the Positron Annihilation Study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13103. [PMID: 31511596 PMCID: PMC6739302 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49694-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Anatase TiO2 hollow nanoboxes were synthesized and combined with the graphene oxide to get nanocomposite of TiO2/rGO (TG). Graphene oxide was used to modify the Oxygen-Clusters and bulk to surface defects. Anatase and TG composite were characterized with the positron annihilation, XPS, EPR, EIS and photocurrent response analysis. The relative affects of defects on the photocatalytic reduction (CO2 to CH4) were studied. The TG composites showed highest photo-catalytic activity after GO coupling (49 µmol g-1 h-1), 28.6 times higher photocurrent yields much higher quantum efficiency (3.17%@400 nm) when compared to the TiO2 nanoboxes. The mechanism of enhanced photo-catalytic CO2 conversion to CH4 elucidated through electrochemical and photo-catalytic experiments with traceable isotope containing carbon dioxide (13CO2). For the first time we discovered that diminishing the comparative concentration ratio of anatase from the bulk to surface defects could significantly increase the conversion of CO2 to CH4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulzar Ahmed
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P.R. China.
- University of Sargodha Sub Campus Mianwali, 42200, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Fazal Raziq
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P.R. China
| | - Muddasir Hanif
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P.R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P.R. China.
| | - Javid Khan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P.R. China
| | | | - Mingmei Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P.R. China
| | - Xingzhong Cao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Zhongwu Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P.R. China.
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Idoudi S, Ben Kahla M, Sana M, Ahmed G, Lobna B, Amina A, Mesfar R, Ghannouchi N, Belajouza C, Denguezli M. Une nécrose bilatérale du scalp révélant une artérite à cellules géantes. Rev Med Interne 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2019.03.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Dhouha K, Ahmed G, Nesrine G, Amal Baya C, Bouker A, Atig A, Ghannouchi N. Manifestations neurologiques au cours du syndrome de Sjörgen. Rev Med Interne 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2019.03.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Karmali S, Markey G, Killian M, Ahmed G, Bird BR, Murphy CG. Abstract P5-14-05: Use of complementary and alternative medicine in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy in Ireland. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-p5-14-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction:
The use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in cancer patients has been documented in major cities across USA, Canada, Europe, Nigeria, and Saudi Arabia. These studies suggest that cancer patients on chemotherapy simultaneously use CAMs. In Ireland, there have been two studies in pediatric cancer centers that have documented the use of CAM. To our knowledge, no study has examined the use of CAM in the adult population in Ireland.
Method:
A cross-sectional survey was conducted at a single adult cancer center over a three-week period. The survey was offered to all oncology and hematology patients attending the medical day unit.
Results:
The survey was completed by 81 patients, 51 of them were females (63%). The majority (93.8%) of the patients in our sample were in the age range of 41-80.
47 (58%) of the patients reported using CAM concurrently with conventional chemotherapy. The average cost of CAM was under €20 per month, but five patients (6.2%) spent over €100 per month. The major reasons for taking CAM were to enhance quality of life (23.5%), improve psychological/emotional wellbeing (17.3%), improve immunity (16%), relieve side effects of cancer (9.9%), relieve side effects of treatment (8.6%), and to directly treat/cure cancer (2.5%). Patients using CAM reported their source of information as healthcare professionals (30.9%), family/friends (19.8%), media (13.6%), and CAM practitioners (2.5%). Out of 81 patients, only 27 (33.3%) discussed the use of CAM with a healthcare professional involved in their care, of which 18.2% asked regarding interactions with the conventional therapy, 18.2% asked regarding CAM effectiveness and the type to use, 16.7% asked advice whether to pursue it, and 15.2% asked regarding safety of CAM. From the 26 patients using CAM who did not discuss with HCP the reasons cited were that they were never asked by the HCP (25.9%), did not think it was important to discuss with the HCP (13.0%), and 61.1% did not specify their reason.
Of the 81 patients, 18 consumed herbal products (13.6% green tea, 8.6% flax seed, 3.7% evening primrose, 2.5% soy supplements), 34 used dietary supplements (28.4% vitamins, 12.3% minerals, 3.7% fish oils), and 21 used other CAMs (8.6% massage, 7.4% meditation/mind-body technique, 7.4% acupuncture, 6.2% reflexology, 2.5% reiki).
Conclusion:
The use of CAM in adult cancer patients has not been well documented in Ireland. As demonstrated from the pilot study, adult cancer patients in Ireland do seek out CAMs when simultaneously receiving chemotherapy, highlighting the importance for physicians to explicitly ask all patients regarding their intentions of CAM in order to provide safe and evidence-based options. This cancer center appeared to not have patients pursuing ayurvedic or Chinese medicine. However, similar conclusions cannot be made for other urban centers with more diverse population mixes with differing cultural experiences and attitudes to CAM.
Citation Format: Karmali S, Markey G, Killian M, Ahmed G, Bird BR, Murphy CG. Use of complementary and alternative medicine in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy in Ireland [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-14-05.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Karmali
- Bon Secours Hospital, Cork, Ireland; University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - G Markey
- Bon Secours Hospital, Cork, Ireland; University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - M Killian
- Bon Secours Hospital, Cork, Ireland; University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - G Ahmed
- Bon Secours Hospital, Cork, Ireland; University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - BR Bird
- Bon Secours Hospital, Cork, Ireland; University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - CG Murphy
- Bon Secours Hospital, Cork, Ireland; University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Hussain M, Mirza MA, Nawaz H, Asghar M, Ahmed G. Effect of Exogenous Protease, Mannanase, and Xylanase Supplementation in Corn and High Protein Corn DDGS Based Diets on Growth Performance, Intestinal Morphology and Nutrient Digestibility in Broiler Chickens. Braz J Poult Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2019-1088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - MA Mirza
- University of Agriculture, Pakistan
| | - H Nawaz
- University of Agriculture, Pakistan
| | - M Asghar
- University of Agriculture, Pakistan
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Ahmed G, Nesrine G, Ben Khalifa D, Atig A, Bouker A, Ghannouchi N. Profil épidémiologique, clinique, biologique et étiologique des fièvres prolongées inexpliquée. Rev Med Interne 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2018.10.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Ahmed G, Ben Khalifa D, Atig A, Nesrine G, Bouker A, Ghannouchi N. Lymphome osseux primitif multifocal révélé par une fièvre prolongée et compliquée d’une compression médullaire. Rev Med Interne 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2018.10.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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20
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Meece FA, Ahmed G, Nair H, Santhamma B, Tekmal RR, Zhao C, Pollok NE, Lara J, Shaked Z, Nickisch K. Esters of levonorgestrel and etonogestrel intended as single, subcutaneous-injection, long-lasting contraceptives. Steroids 2018; 137:47-56. [PMID: 30086356 PMCID: PMC6137153 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
An effort with the goal of discovering single-dose, long-lasting (>6 months) injectable contraceptives began using levonorgestrel (LNG)-17-β esters linked to a sulfonamide function purposed as human carbonic anhydrase II (hCA 2) ligands. One single analog from this first series showed noticeably superior anti-ovulatory activity in murine models, and a subsequent structure-activity relationship (SAR, the relationship between a compound's molecular structure and its biological activity) study based on this compound identified a LNG-phenoxyacetic acid ester analog exhibiting longer anti-ovulatory properties using the murine model at 2 and 4 mg dose than medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA). The same ester function linked to etonogestrel (ENG) furnished a compound which inhibited ovulation at 2 mg for 60 days, the longest duration of all compounds tested at these doses. By comparison, MPA at the same dose inhibited ovulation for 32 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick A Meece
- Evestra, Inc, 6410 Tri County Pkwy, Schertz, TX 78154, United States.
| | - Gulzar Ahmed
- Evestra, Inc, 6410 Tri County Pkwy, Schertz, TX 78154, United States
| | - Hareesh Nair
- Evestra, Inc, 6410 Tri County Pkwy, Schertz, TX 78154, United States
| | - Bindu Santhamma
- Evestra, Inc, 6410 Tri County Pkwy, Schertz, TX 78154, United States
| | - Rajeshwar R Tekmal
- University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr., San Antonio, TX 78229, United States
| | - Chumang Zhao
- Evestra, Inc, 6410 Tri County Pkwy, Schertz, TX 78154, United States
| | - Nicole E Pollok
- Evestra, Inc, 6410 Tri County Pkwy, Schertz, TX 78154, United States
| | - Julia Lara
- Evestra, Inc, 6410 Tri County Pkwy, Schertz, TX 78154, United States
| | - Ze'ev Shaked
- Evestra, Inc, 6410 Tri County Pkwy, Schertz, TX 78154, United States
| | - Klaus Nickisch
- Evestra, Inc, 6410 Tri County Pkwy, Schertz, TX 78154, United States
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Zhao F, Wu T, Wang H, Ding L, Ahmed G, Li H, Tian W, Shen Y. Jugular arginine infusion relieves lipopolysaccharide-triggered inflammatory stress and improves immunity status of lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:5961-5970. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Zhao LZ, Zhang JS, Ahmed G, Liao XF, Liu ZW, Greneche JM. Understanding the element segregation and phase separation in the Ce-substituted Nd-(Fe,Co)-B based alloys. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6826. [PMID: 29717167 PMCID: PMC5931561 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25230-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ce substituted Nd2Fe14B (2:14:1)-type permanent magnets have shown increasing potential in the applications due to their high properties/cost ratio. However, the element segregation and phase separation in the Ce substituted magnets have not been fully understood yet. In this work, (Nd1−xCex)25Fe40Co20Al4B11 alloys with high coercivities were prepared by copper mold casting. Based on detailed microstructure and composition analysis, the segregation of rare earth (RE) elements was observed in the as-cast alloys. Nd element prefers to enter into the 2:14:1 phase and the Ce element enter into the 1:2 phase. The existence of the 1:2 phase can promote the element segregation. The alloy shows an abnormal increase of coercivity from 641 kA/m for x = 0.2 to 863 kA/m for x = 0.3. This increase could be attributed to the phase separation of the 2:14:1 phase, which has been confirmed by the microstructural characterization. The present data provides useful information for exploring Ce-containing Nd-Fe-B magnets.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Z Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China. .,Innovative Center for Advanced Materials (ICAM), Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
| | - J S Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - G Ahmed
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - X F Liao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Z W Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - J M Greneche
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans CNRS UMR-6283, Le Mans Université, Avenue Messiaen, Le Mans, F-72085, France
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Moyen N, Ahmed G, Gupta S, Tenzin T, Khan R, Khan T, Debnath N, Yamage M, Pfeiffer DU, Fournie G. A large-scale study of a poultry trading network in Bangladesh: implications for control and surveillance of avian influenza viruses. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:12. [PMID: 29329534 PMCID: PMC5767022 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1331-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since its first report in 2007, avian influenza (AI) has been endemic in Bangladesh. While live poultry marketing is widespread throughout the country and known to influence AI dissemination and persistence, trading patterns have not been described. The aim of this study is to assess poultry trading practices and features of the poultry trading networks which could promote AI spread, and their potential implications for disease control and surveillance. Data on poultry trading practices was collected from 849 poultry traders during a cross-sectional survey in 138 live bird markets (LBMs) across 17 different districts of Bangladesh. The quantity and origins of traded poultry were assessed for each poultry type in surveyed LBMs. The network of contacts between farms and LBMs resulting from commercial movements of live poultry was constructed to assess its connectivity and to identify the key premises influencing it. RESULTS Poultry trading practices varied according to the size of the LBMs and to the type of poultry traded. Industrial broiler chickens, the most commonly traded poultry, were generally sold in LBMs close to their production areas, whereas ducks and backyard chickens were moved over longer distances, and their transport involved several intermediates. The poultry trading network composed of 445 nodes (73.2% were LBMs) was highly connected and disassortative. However, the removal of only 5.6% of the nodes (25 LBMs with the highest betweenness scores), reduced the network's connectedness, and the maximum size of output and input domains by more than 50%. CONCLUSIONS Poultry types need to be discriminated in order to understand the way in which poultry trading networks are shaped, and the level of risk of disease spread that these networks may promote. Knowledge of the network structure could be used to target control and surveillance interventions to a small number of LBMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Moyen
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK.
| | - G Ahmed
- Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases, Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - S Gupta
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, 4343, Qld, Australia.,Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases, Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - T Tenzin
- Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases, Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,National Centre for Animal Health, Thimphu, Bhutan
| | - R Khan
- Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases, Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - T Khan
- Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases, Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - N Debnath
- Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases, Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - M Yamage
- Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases, Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - D U Pfeiffer
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK.,College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - G Fournie
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK
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Ahmed G, Atig A, Amara A, Ghriss N, Bouker A, Mahjoub M, Bahri F, Ghannouchi N. Évolution des caractéristiques épidémiologiques et cliniques de la maladie de Behçet en Tunisie. Rev Med Interne 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2017.10.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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25
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Ahn M, Han J, Sequist L, Cho B, Lee J, Kim S, Su W, Tsai C, Yang J, Yu H, Horn L, Lee K, Haddad V, Frigault M, Ahmed G, Yang L, Ghiorghiu D, Oxnard G. OA 09.03 TATTON Ph Ib Expansion Cohort: Osimertinib plus Savolitinib for Pts with EGFR-Mutant MET-Amplified NSCLC after Progression on Prior EGFR-TKI. J Thorac Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.09.377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Yang J., Fang J, Shu Y, Chang J, Chen G, He J, Li W, Liu X, Yang N, Zhou C, Huang J, Yang L, Handzel A, Frigault M, Ahmed G, Egile C, Morgan S, Wu Y. OA 09.06 A Phase Ib Trial of Savolitinib plus Gefitinib for Chinese Patients with EGFR-Mutant MET-Amplified Advanced NSCLC. J Thorac Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.09.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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27
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Ahmed G, Arjmandi Tash O, Cook J, Trybala A, Starov V. Biological applications of kinetics of wetting and spreading. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 249:17-36. [PMID: 28919372 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Wetting and spreading kinetics of biological fluids has gained a substantial interest recently. The importance of these fluids in our lives has driven the pace of publications. Globally scientists have ever growing interest in understanding wetting phenomena due to its vast applications in biological fluids. It is impractical to review extremely large number of publications in the field of kinetics of complex biological fluids and cosmetic solutions on diverse surfaces. Therefore, biological and cosmetic applications of wetting and spreading dynamics are considered in the following areas: (i) Spreading of Newtonian liquids in the case of non-porous and porous substrates. It is shown that the spreading kinetics of a Newtonian droplet on non-porous and porous substrate can be defined through theoretical relations for droplet base radius on time, which agree well with the experimental results; (ii) Spreading of blood over porous substrates. It is shown that blood, which has a complex non-Newtonian rheology, can be successfully modelled with the help of simple power-law model for shear-thinning non-Newtonian liquids; (iii) Simultaneous spreading and evaporation kinetics of blood. This part enlightens different underlying mechanisms present in the wetting, spreading, evaporation and dried pattern formation of the blood droplets on solid substrates; (iv) Spreading over hair. In this part the wetting of hair tresses by aqueous solutions of two widely used by industry commercially available polymers, AculynTM 22 and AculynTM 33, are discussed. The influence of non-Newtonian rheology of these polymer solutions on the drainage of foams produced from these solutions is also briefly discussed.
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Ahmed G, Elger W, Meece F, Nair HB, Schneider B, Wyrwa R, Nickisch K. A prodrug design for improved oral absorption and reduced hepatic interaction. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:5569-5575. [PMID: 28886996 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A series of estradiol-17-β esters of N-(p-sulfomylbenzamide)-amino acids were prepared and evaluated for systemic and hepatic estrogenic activity after oral administration in ovariectomized rats. The alkyl substitution at nitrogen of amino acids such as proline or N-methyl-alanine produced compounds that exhibit potent oral activity. The proline analog (EC508) was further evaluated along with 17β-estradiol (E2) and ethinyl-estradiol (EE) and compared their effects on the uterus, angiotensin and HDL-cholesterol after oral administration to ovariectomized female rats. Orally administered EC508 produced systemic estrogenic activity 10 times greater than EE and a 100 times higher activity than E2 with no influence on levels of angiotensin and HDL-cholesterol, whereas EE and E2 reduced the HDL-cholesterol and increased the angiotensine plasma levels. EC508 might offer significant advantages in indications like fertility control and HRT based on its high oral bioavailability and lack of hepatic estrogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulzar Ahmed
- Evestra, Inc., 6410 Tri County Parkway, San Antonio, TX 78154, USA.
| | - Walter Elger
- Evestra, Inc., 6410 Tri County Parkway, San Antonio, TX 78154, USA
| | - Frederick Meece
- Evestra, Inc., 6410 Tri County Parkway, San Antonio, TX 78154, USA
| | - Hareesh B Nair
- Evestra, Inc., 6410 Tri County Parkway, San Antonio, TX 78154, USA
| | | | - Ralf Wyrwa
- Evestra, Inc., 6410 Tri County Parkway, San Antonio, TX 78154, USA
| | - Klaus Nickisch
- Evestra, Inc., 6410 Tri County Parkway, San Antonio, TX 78154, USA.
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Khan J, Gu J, He S, Li X, Ahmed G, Liu Z, Akhtar MN, Mai W, Wu M. Rational design of a tripartite-layered TiO 2 photoelectrode: a candidate for enhanced power conversion efficiency in dye sensitized solar cells. Nanoscale 2017; 9:9913-9920. [PMID: 28678289 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr03134c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A tri-layered photoelectrode for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) is assembled using single crystal hollow TiO2 nanoparticles (HTNPs), sub-micro hollow TiO2 mesospheres (SHTMSs) and hierarchical TiO2 microspheres (HTMSs). The bottom layer composed of single crystal hollow TiO2 nanoparticles serves to absorb dye molecules, harvest light due to its hollow structure and keep a better mechanical contact with FTO conducting glass; the middle layer consisting of sub-micro hollow mesospheres works as a multifunctional layer due to its high dye adsorption ability, strong light trapping and scattering ability and slow recombination rates; and the top layer consisting of hierarchical microspheres enhances light scattering. The DSSCs made of photoanodes with a tripartite-layer structure (Film 4) show a superior photoconversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.24%, which is 7.4% higher than a single layered photoanode composed of HTNPs (Film 1: 8.90%), 4.6% higher than a double layer-based electrode consisting of HTNPs and SHTMSs (Film 2: 9.03%) and 2.6% higher than a double layer-based electrode made of HTNPs and HTMSs (Film 3: 9.11%). The significant improvements in the PCE for tri-layered TiO2 photoanodes are mainly because of the combined effects of their higher light scattering ability, long electron lifetime, fast electron transport rate, efficient charge collection and a considerable surface area with high dye-loading capability. This study confirms that the facile tri-layered photoanode is an interesting structure for high-efficiency DSSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javid Khan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Environment and Energy Chemistry of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China.
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Ahmed S, Hafez H, El Nadi E, Labib R, Younes A, Ahmed G, Zaghloul M, Taha H, El Haddad A. Effect of delaying local control radiotherapy on outcome of localized pediatric bladder/prostate rhabdomyosarcoma. Eur J Cancer 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(17)30555-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Khan J, Gu J, Meng Y, Chai Z, He S, Wu Q, Tong S, Ahmed G, Mai W, Wu M. Anatase TiO2single crystal hollow nanoparticles: their facile synthesis and high-performance in dye-sensitized solar cells. CrystEngComm 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ce02062c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Elger W, Wyrwa R, Ahmed G, Meece F, Nair HB, Santhamma B, Killeen Z, Schneider B, Meister R, Schubert H, Nickisch K. Estradiol prodrugs (EP) for efficient oral estrogen treatment and abolished effects on estrogen modulated liver functions. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 165:305-311. [PMID: 27449818 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Oral compared to parenteral estrogen administration is characterized by reduced systemic but prominent hepatic estrogenic effects on lipids, hemostatic factors, GH-/IGF I axis, angiotensinogen. In order to avoid such adverse metabolic effects of oral treatment, estradiol (E2) prodrugs (EP) were designed which bypass the liver tissue as inactive molecules. Carbone17-OH sulfonamide [-O2-NH2] substituted esters of E2 (EC508, others) were synthesized and tested for carbonic anhydrase II (CA-II) binding. CA II in erythrocytes is thought to oppose extraction of EP from portal vein blood during liver passage. Ovariectomized (OVX, day minus 14) rats were orally treated once daily from day 1-3. Sacrifice day 4. Uteri were dissected and weighed. Cholesterol fractions and angiotensinogen were determined in plasma. Oral E2 and ethinyl estradiol (EE) generated dose related uterine growth and important hepatic estrogenic effects. EP induced uterine growth at about hundred-fold lower doses. This was possible with almost absent effects on plasma cholesterol or angiotensinogen. Preliminary pharmacokinetic studies with EC508 used intravenous and oral administration in male rats. Resulting blood levels revealed complete oral bioavailability. Further high blood- but low plasma concentrations indicated erythrocyte binding of EC508 in vivo as potential mechanism of low extraction at liver passage. Very high systemic estrogenicity combined with markedly lower or absent adverse hepatic estrogenic effects is evidence for a systemic release of E2 from sulfonamide EP. In conclusion, tested oral EP bypass the liver in erythrocytes furnishing systemic estradiol at hydrolysis. This mechanism avoids the hepatic estrogenic impact of conventional oral estrogen therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Elger
- Evestra, Inc., 14805 Omicron Drive, Suite 100, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
| | - R Wyrwa
- Innovent e.V., Prüssingstraße 27B, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - G Ahmed
- Evestra, Inc., 14805 Omicron Drive, Suite 100, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
| | - F Meece
- Evestra, Inc., 14805 Omicron Drive, Suite 100, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
| | - H B Nair
- Evestra, Inc., 14805 Omicron Drive, Suite 100, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
| | - B Santhamma
- Evestra, Inc., 14805 Omicron Drive, Suite 100, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
| | - Z Killeen
- University of Arizona College of Medicine, 1501 N Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - B Schneider
- Evestra, Inc., 14805 Omicron Drive, Suite 100, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
| | - R Meister
- Beuth University of Applied Science, Luxemburger Str. 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - H Schubert
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Fürstengraben 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - K Nickisch
- Evestra, Inc., 14805 Omicron Drive, Suite 100, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA.
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Ahmed G, Hanif M, Zhao L, Hussain M, Khan J, Liu Z. Defect engineering of ZnO nanoparticles by graphene oxide leading to enhanced visible light photocatalysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2016.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ahmed G, Nickisch K. Thermodynamic Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley reduction in the diastereoselective synthesis of 17α-estradiol. Steroids 2016; 113:1-4. [PMID: 27137355 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of 17α-hydroxy steroids generally requires multiple synthetic manipulations. The synthesis of 17α-estradiol is no exception, as this process involves the protection and release of the 3-hydroxy functional group. The diastereoselective reduction of the 17-keto-steroid can be utilized to prepare 17α-hydroxy-steroids. Here, 17α-estradiol was synthesized from commercially available estrone under thermodynamic Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley (MPV) conditions in a single step, followed by simple chromatographic separation over silica gel. The remaining mixture of unreacted estrone and estradiols was easily recycled through Oppenauer oxidation to estrone, with an overall yield of 68% 17α-estradiol.
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Khan MI, Ahmed G, Malik GA, Muneer M, Rehman AU. Role of Mesh Repair in incisional hernia. Annals KEMU 2016. [DOI: 10.21649/akemu.v9i4.1362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Surgery Design: A case series study Purpose: 1) To study the protocol for repair of incisional hernia. 2) To compare different other methods of repair given in literature with prosthetic mesh repair in terms of advantages / disadvantages of the prosthetic repair. Suit & period: The study was conducted in Surgical Unit, Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur from August 19, 1997 to January 31, 2000. Material & method: This was a prospective type of case series study. Selection criteria of the patients in this study was that all adult patients of either sex being diagnosed as the case of incisional hernia and have undergone repair by the prosthetic mesh during this study period were included in the study. A record of patient`s data, previous surgery, the size of the defect, which gives idea about indication for surgery, was noted. A record of their postoperative course and a follow-up for four months was made. Results: In this study we have included 23 patients. Out of these 15 were female and 8 were male. The age was ranging from 28 - 65 years, with an average of 43 years. Patients presented with pain/ discomfort, Gradual increase in size of defect and unacceptable appearance in all patients, sub acute obstruction in 3 patients, Intestinal obstruction in 2 patients & Skin ulceration in 2 patients. Ten patients had got uneventful satisfactory post-operative course. Six patients developed wound infection; one patient developed seroma & was cured by needle aspiration & antibiotic. Five patients developed sinus. 2 of them cured without any surgical intervention with antiseptic dressings and antibiotics after culture and sensitivity. 3 needed exploration, 2 of them cured satisfactorily but in 1 patient because of continuing infection mesh was removed after one year and recurrence took place. No mortality, enterocutaneous fistula or haematoma was noted. One patient developed MY D.V.T. and was managed by Medical advice. Conclusion: Although wide variety of procedures has been adopted for recurrent ventral hernia repair. The prosthetic repair with prolene mesh is most cost effective and efficient method of dealing with incisional hernia.
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Ali S, Hamiz-ul-Fawwad S, Al-Ibran E, Ahmed G, Saleem A, Mustafa D, Hussain M. Clinical and demographic features of burn injuries in karachi: a six-year experience at the burns centre, civil hospital, Karachi. Ann Burns Fire Disasters 2016; 29:4-9. [PMID: 27857643 PMCID: PMC5108226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Burn injuries are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, with 195,000 deaths annually. This study was conducted to identify the demographics of burn victims and the effect of different variables on the outcome of their injuries. 4016 patients admitted to the Burns Centre, Civil Hospital Karachi from January 2006 to December 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. Demographics, burn injury details and their outcome were recorded in a pre-designed questionnaire. Injuries were categorized as: fire, chemical, scald or electrical. To estimate total body surface area (TBSA) burned in adults, the rule of nines was used. For children and infants, the Lund-Browder chart was employed. SPSS v16.0 software was used for analysis. Frequencies and percentages of all variables, and the measure of central tendencies and dispersion for continuous variables were calculated. Cross tabs were used to assess mortality. Mean age was 28.13 years. More than half of the cases (n=2337, 58.2%) were aged between 16-30 years. Labourers, housewives and students were the most commonly affected groups. Burn injuries by flame/fire and electricity were most common. Most cases were accidental, followed by suicide attempts and homicides. Mean percentage of TBSA affected was 35.49%. Mean duration of hospital stay was 16.45 days. 50.6% of the expired cases were females. The mean age of expired patients was 30.07 while for patients who survived it was 27.01 years. The outcome of burn injuries is related to various demographic factors. Female gender, increasing age, burn injuries following suicide attempts and greater surface area involvement predict poor outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.A. Ali
- Civil Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - E. Al-Ibran
- Burns Unit, Civil Hospital and Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - G. Ahmed
- Civil Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | | | - M. Hussain
- Department of Biostatistics and Research, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
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Burman MGK, Ahmed G, Potter JL, White VLC, Jayasekera N, Kunst H. S39 Preliminary Results of a Latent Tuberculosis Screening and Treatment Project and the Role of TB Services in Secondary Care. Thorax 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207770.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Patil VM, Chakarborty S, Kumar MS, Geetha M, Dev S, Samuel S, Ahmed G, Nayanar SK, Vineetha R, Nair CK. An audit of febrile neutropenia cases from a rural cancer center in India. Indian J Cancer 2014; 51:487-90. [DOI: 10.4103/0019-509x.175338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Alhaboob A, Ahmed G. Azathioprine and aspirin in treatment of childhood primary arterial stroke: therapeutic benefits and side effects. Crit Care 2012. [PMCID: PMC3363719 DOI: 10.1186/cc10908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Ali MS, Ali MI, Ahmed G, Afza N, Lateef M, Iqbal L, Wafo AFK, Ahmed Z. Potent Antioxidant and Lipoxygenase Inhibitory Flavanone and Chalcone from Erythrina mildbraedii Harms (Fabaceae) of Cameroon. Z Naturforsch B 2012. [DOI: 10.5560/znb.2012.67b0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Britt-Compton B, Lin TT, Ahmed G, Weston V, Jones RE, Fegan C, Oscier DG, Stankovic T, Pepper C, Baird DM. Extreme telomere erosion in ATM-mutated and 11q-deleted CLL patients is independent of disease stage. Leukemia 2011; 26:826-30. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2011.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Haq Z, Chowdhury RA, Uddin MS, Chowdhury M, Ahmed G, Islam S, Talukder IH. An Unusual Cause of Rectal Bleeding - Report of Three Cases and Literature Review. Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical Univ J 2010. [DOI: 10.3329/bsmmuj.v2i2.4767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Haq Z, Chowdhury RA, Uddin MS, Chowdhury M, Ahmed G, Islam S, Talukder IH. An Unusual Cause of Rectal Bleeding -Report of Three Cases and Literature Review. Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical Univ J 2009. [DOI: 10.3329/bsmmuj.v2i1.3709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Ahmed G, Sharma Y, Ahuja B. Electronic properties of PbCl2 and PbBr2 using Compton scattering technique. Appl Radiat Isot 2009; 67:1050-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2009.01.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2008] [Accepted: 01/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Pape T, Rosenow J, Lewis G, Ahmed G, Walker M, Guernon A, Roth H. TMS-associated neurobehavioral gains during coma recovery. Brain Stimul 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2008.06.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Koleva B, Ahmed G, Gutzov S, Petkov I. Sol-gel materials doped with 3-(3-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)propenoyl)-2H-chromen-2-one: spectroscopic and structural elucidation. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2008; 69:587-91. [PMID: 17590388 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2007.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2007] [Revised: 05/03/2007] [Accepted: 05/07/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Conventional and linear-polarized IR-spectroscopic tools based on reducing-difference procedures for non-polarized and polarized IR-spectra interpretation as well as orientation technique of solids (colloidal suspension in nematic liquid crystal) and UV/vis spectroscopy are applied for investigation of new sol-gel materials with potential optical application of doped organic dye 3-(3-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)propenoyl)-2H-chromen-2-one (K2) and Sm3+ ions. The results show that during aging of the monoliths Sm3+ forms an unstable complex with K2, [Sm(K2)(2)(H2O2](NO3)(3), which transforms to [Sm(H2O)(6)](3+) one, typical for gel-Sm3+ system. Quantum chemical ab initio and DFT calculations are reported with a view to support experimental IR-characteristic bands of the system studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Koleva
- University of Sofia St. Kliment Ohridski, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 1 James Bauchier Boulevard, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria.
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Ahmed G, Nejmeddine A, Mohamed Issam B. Education and Imaging. Gastrointestinal: peritoneal hydatidosis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007; 22:1347. [PMID: 17688673 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2007.05087.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Ahmed
- Department of General Surgery, Habib Bourguiba Hôpital, Sfax, Tunisia
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Ahmed G, Koleva B, Gutzov S, Petkov I. Experimental and theoretical spectral properties of ethyl 2-(7-hydroxy-2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl)acetate doped sol-gel materials: new materials with potential optical application. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-007-9309-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Cole A, Metzger A, Ahmed G, Brescia MR, Chan R, Wen J, Qin LY, Henderson I. Solid-Phase Synthesis of N-9-Substituted 2,8-Diaminopurines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-968224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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