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Miyan L, Adam AMA, Refat MS, Alsuhaibani AM. 2-aminopyrimidine-oxalic acid liquid–liquid charge-transfer interactions: Synthesis, spectroscopic characterizations, and the effect of temperature. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Al-Hazmi GH, Hassanien A, Atta A, Refat MS, Saad HA, Shakya S, Adam AMA. Supramolecular charge-transfer complex generated by the interaction between tin(II) 2,3-naphtalocyanine as a donor with DDQ as an acceptor: Spectroscopic studies in solution state and theoretical calculations. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Nampally V, Palnati MK, Baindla N, Varukolu M, Gangadhari S, Tigulla P. Charge Transfer Complex between O-Phenylenediamine and 2, 3-Dichloro-5, 6-Dicyano-1, 4-Benzoquinone: Synthesis, Spectrophotometric, Characterization, Computational Analysis, and its Biological Applications. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:16689-16704. [PMID: 35601332 PMCID: PMC9118382 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
UV-vis electronic absorption spectroscopy was used to investigate the new molecular charge transfer complex (CTC) interaction between electron donor O-phenylenediamine (OPD) and electron acceptor 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone (DDQ). The CTC solution state analysis was carried out by two different polarities. The stoichiometry of the prepared CTC was determined by using Job's, photometric, and conductometric titration methods and was detemined to be 1:1 in both solvents (at 298 K). The formation constant and molar extinction coefficient were determined by applying the modified (1:1) Benesi-Hildebrand equation. The thermodynamic parameter ΔG° result indicated that the charge transfer reaction was spontaneous.The stability of the synthesized CTC was evaluated by using different spectroscopic parameters like the energy, ionization potential, oscillator strength, resonance energy, dissociation energy, and transition dipole moment. The synthesized solid CTC was characterized by using different analytical methods, including elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, TGA-DTA, and powder X-ray diffraction. The biological evolution of the charge transfer (CT) complex was studied by using DNA binding and antibacterial analysis. The CT complex binding with calf thymus DNA through an intercalative mode was observed from UV-vis spectral study. The CT complex produced a good binding constant value (6.0 × 105 L.mol-1). The antibacterial activity of the CT complex shows notable activity compared to the standard drug, tetracycline. These results reveal that the CT complex may in future be used as a bioactive drug. The hypothetical DFT estimations of the CT complex supported the experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Naveen Baindla
- Department
of Chemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad-500007, India
| | - Mahipal Varukolu
- Department
of Chemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad-500007, India
| | - Suresh Gangadhari
- Department
of Chemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad-500007, India
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Adam AMA, Altalhi TA, Saad HA, Alsuhaibani AM, Refat MS, Hegab MS. Correlations between spectroscopic data for charge-transfer complexes of two artificial sweeteners, aspartame and neotame, generated with several π-acceptors. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Exploring the charge-transfer chemistry of fluorine-containing pyrazolin-5-ones: The complexation of 1-methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-2-pyrazoline-5-one with five π-acceptors. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Proton-transfer and charge-transfer interactions between the antibiotic trimethoprim and several σ− and π−acceptors: A spectroscopic study. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Darwish IA, Khalil NY, Alsaif NA, Herqash RN, Sayed AYA, Abdel-Rahman HM. Charge-Transfer Complex of Linifanib with 2,3-dichloro-3,5-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone: Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterization, Computational Molecular Modelling and Application in the Development of Novel 96-microwell Spectrophotometric Assay. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:1167-1180. [PMID: 33737805 PMCID: PMC7966300 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s296502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Background Linifanib (LFB) is a multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor used in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma and other types of cancer. The charge-transfer (CT) interaction of LFB is important in studying its receptor binding mechanisms and useful in the development of a reliable CT-based spectrophotometric assay for LFB in its pharmaceutical formulation to assure its therapeutic benefits. Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the CT reaction of LFB with 2,3-dichloro-3,5-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) and its application in the development of a novel 96-microwell spectrophotometric assay for LFB. Methods The reaction was investigated, its conditions were optimized, the physicochemical and constants of the CT complex and stoichiometric ratio of the complex were determined. The solid-state LFB-DDQ complex was synthesized and its structure was analyzed by UV-visible, FT-IR, and 1H-NMR spectroscopic techniques, and also by the computational molecular modeling. The reaction was employed in the development of a novel 96-microwell spectrophotometric assay for LFB. Results The reaction resulted in the formation of a red-colored product, and the spectrophotometric investigations confirmed that the reaction had a CT nature. The molar absorptivity of the complex was linearly correlated with the dielectric constant and polarity index of the solvent; the correlation coefficients were 0.9526 and 0.9459, respectively. The stoichiometric ratio of LFB:DDQ was 1:2. The spectroscopic and computational data confirmed the sites of interaction on the LFB molecule, and accordingly, the reaction mechanism was postulated. The reaction was utilized in the development of the first 96-microwell spectrophotometric assay for LFB. The assay limits of detection and quantitation were 1.31 and 3.96 μg/well, respectively. The assay was successfully applied to the analysis of LFB in its bulk and tablets with high accuracy and precision. Conclusion The assay is simple, rapid, accurate, eco-friendly as it consumes low volumes of organic solvent, and has high analysis throughput.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim A Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasr Y Khalil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawaf A Alsaif
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashed N Herqash
- Medicinal Aromatic and Poisonous Plant Research Centre, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Y A Sayed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamdy M Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Banisuef, Egypt
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Adam AMA, Saad HA, Alsuhaibani AM, Refat MS, Hegab MS. Charge-transfer chemistry of azithromycin, the antibiotic used worldwide to treat the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Part II: Complexation with several π-acceptors (PA, CLA, CHL). J Mol Liq 2021; 325:115121. [PMID: 33518854 PMCID: PMC7837197 DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.115121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Finding a vaccine or cure for the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) responsible for the worldwide pandemic and its economic, medical, and psychological burdens is one of the most pressing issues presently facing the global community. One of the current treatment protocols involves the antibiotic azithromycin (AZM) alone or in combination with other compounds. Obtaining additional insight into the charge-transfer (CT) chemistry of this antibiotic could help researchers and clinicians to improve such treatment protocols. Toward this aim, we investigated the CT interactions between AZM and three π-acceptors: picric acid (PA), chloranilic acid (CLA), and chloranil (CHL) in MeOH solvent. AZM formed colored products at a 1:1 stoichiometry with the acceptors through intermolecular hydrogen bonding. An n → π* interaction was also proposed for the AZM-CHL CT product. The synthesized CT products had markedly different morphologies from the free reactants, exhibiting a semi-crystalline structure composed of spherical particles with diameters ranging from 50 to 90 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel Majid A Adam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hosam A Saad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amnah M Alsuhaibani
- Department of Physical Sport Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, 4545 - King Khalid Airport Unit No. 1, Riyadh 13415-7132, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moamen S Refat
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S Hegab
- Deanship of Supportive Studies (D.S.S.), Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
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Adam AMA, Saad HA, Alsuhaibani AM, Refat MS, Hegab MS. Charge-transfer chemistry of azithromycin, the antibiotic used worldwide to treat the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Part I: Complexation with iodine in different solvents. J Mol Liq 2021; 325:115187. [PMID: 33390633 PMCID: PMC7764390 DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.115187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Around the world, the antibiotic azithromycin (AZM) is currently being used to treat the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in conjunction with hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine. Investigating the chemical and physical properties of compounds used alone or in combination to combat the COVID-19 pandemic is of vital and pressing importance. The purpose of this study was to characterize the charge transfer (CT) complexation of AZM with iodine in four different solvents: CH2Cl2, CHCl3, CCl4, and C6H5Cl. AZM reacted with iodine at a 1:1 M ratio (AZM to I2) in the CHCl3 solvent and a 1:2 M ratio in the other three solvents, as evidenced by data obtained from an elemental analysis of the solid CT products and spectrophotometric titration and Job's continuous variation method for the soluble CT products. Data obtained from UV-visible and Raman spectroscopies indicated that AZM strongly interacted with iodine in the CH2Cl2, CCl4, and C6H5Cl solvents by a physically potent n→σ* interaction to produce a tri-iodide complex formulated as [AZM·I+]I3 -. XRD and TEM analyses revealed that, in all solvents, the AZM-I2 complex possessed an amorphous structure composed of spherical particles ranging from 80 to 110 nm that tended to aggregate into clusters. The findings described in the present study will hopefully contribute to optimizing the treatment protocols for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel Majid A Adam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hosam A Saad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amnah M Alsuhaibani
- Department of Physical Sport Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, 4545 - King Khalid Airport Unit No. 1, Riyadh 13415-7132, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moamen S Refat
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S Hegab
- Deanship of Supportive Studies (D.S.S.), Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
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Utilization of tannic acid into spherical structured carbons based on charge-transfer complexation with tetracyanoethylene acceptor: Liquid-liquid and solid-solid interactions. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.112325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Al-Saif FA, El-Habeeb AA, Refat MS, Eldaroti HH, Adam AMA, Fetooh H, Saad HA. Chemical and physical properties of the charge transfer complexes of domperidone antiemetic agent with π-acceptors. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Al-Saif FA, El-Habeeb AA, Refat MS, Adam AMA, Saad HA, El-Shenawy AI, Fetooh H. Characterization of charge transfer products obtained from the reaction of the sedative-hypnotic drug barbital with chloranilic acid, chloranil, TCNQ and DBQ organic acceptors. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.110981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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