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Ayoup MS, Barakat MR, Abdel-Hamid H, Emam E, Al-Faiyz YS, Masoud AA, Ghareeb DA, Sonousi A, Kassab AE. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of 1,2,4-oxadiazole-based derivatives as multitarget anti-Alzheimer agents. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:2080-2097. [PMID: 38911158 PMCID: PMC11187554 DOI: 10.1039/d4md00113c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
A series of novel 1,2,4-oxadiazole-based derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their potential anti-Alzheimer disease activity. The results revealed that compounds 2b, 2c, 2d, 3a, 4a, 6, 9a, 9b, and 13b showed excellent inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with IC50 values in the range of 0.0158 to 0.121 μM. They were 1.01 to 7.78 times more potent than donepezil (IC50 = 0.123 μM). The newly synthesized compounds exhibited lower activity towards butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) when compared to rivastigmine. Compounds 4b and 13b showed the most prominent inhibitory potential against BuChE with IC50 values of 11.50 and 15 μM, respectively. Moreover, 4b, and 9b were found to be more potent antioxidant agents (IC50 values of 59.25, and 56.69 μM, respectively) in comparison with ascorbic acid (IC50 = 74.55 μM). Compounds 2b and 2c exhibited monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 74.68 and 225.48 μM, respectively. They were 3.55 and 1.17 times more potent than biperiden (IC50 = 265.85 μM). The prominent interactions of the compounds with the AChE active site can be used to computationally explain the high AChE inhibitory activity. The results unveiled 1,2,4-oxadiazole derivatives 2c and 3a as multitarget anti-AD agents. The predicted ADME properties for compounds 2b and 4a were satisfactory, and 4a had the highest likelihood of crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB), making it the optimum compound for future optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Salah Ayoup
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University P.O. Box 400 Al-Ahsa 31982 Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University P.O. Box 426 Alexandria 21321 Egypt
| | - Mohamed Reda Barakat
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University P.O. Box 426 Alexandria 21321 Egypt
| | - Hamida Abdel-Hamid
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University P.O. Box 426 Alexandria 21321 Egypt
| | - Ehab Emam
- General Q.C Manager, Alexandria company for pharmaceuticals Alexandria 21521 Egypt
| | - Yasair S Al-Faiyz
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University P.O. Box 400 Al-Ahsa 31982 Saudi Arabia
| | - Aliaa A Masoud
- Bio-screening and Preclinical Trial Lab, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University 21511 Alexandria Egypt
| | - Doaa A Ghareeb
- Bio-screening and Preclinical Trial Lab, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University 21511 Alexandria Egypt
- Center of Excellence for Drug Preclinical Studies (CE-DPS), Pharmaceutical and Fermentation Industry Development Center, City of Scientific Research & Technological Applications (SRTA-city) New Borg El Arab Alexandria Egypt
| | - Amr Sonousi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University P.O. Box 11562, Kasr El-Aini Street Cairo Egypt
- University of Hertfordshire hosted by Global Academic Foundation, New Administrative Capital Cairo Egypt
| | - Asmaa E Kassab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University P.O. Box 11562, Kasr El-Aini Street Cairo Egypt
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Kucukoglu K, Faydali N, Bul D, Nadaroglu H, Sever B, Altıntop MD, Ozturk B, Guzel I. Synthesis, in silico and in vitro evaluation of new 3,5-disubstituted-1,2,4-oxadiazole derivatives as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and cytotoxic agents. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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Xu Q, Zhao N, Liu J, Song JQ, Huang LH, Wang H, Li XW, Pang T, Guo YW. Design, synthesis and in vitro biological evaluation of marine phidianidine derivatives as potential anti-inflammatory agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 71:116936. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Raheem S, Khan R, Pan X, Ullah R, Ahsan Halim S, Khan A, Al-Harrasi A. One pot domino synthesis of new 3,5-disubstituted-tetrahydro-2H-1,3,5-thiadiazine-2-thiones (THTTs) as anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive candidates: A proof from in-vivo to in-vitro and in-silico mechanistic studies. Bioorg Chem 2022; 127:105974. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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A review on synthetic account of 1,2,4-oxadiazoles as anti-infective agents. Mol Divers 2022; 26:2967-2980. [PMID: 34984590 PMCID: PMC8727175 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-021-10375-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Most of the currently marketed drugs consist of heterocyclic scaffolds containing nitrogen and or oxygen as heteroatoms in their structures. Several research groups have synthesized diversely substituted 1,2,4-oxadiazoles as anti-infective agents having anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-leishmanial, etc. activities. For the first time, the present review article will provide the coverage of synthetic account of 1,2,4-oxadiazoles as anti-infective agents along with their potential for SAR, activity potential, promising target for mode of action. The efforts have been made to provide the chemical intuitions to the reader to design new chemical entity with potential of anti-infective activity. This review will mark the impact as the valuable, comprehensive and pioneered work along with the library of synthetic strategies for the organic and medicinal chemists for further refinement of 1,2,4-oxadiazole as anti-infective agents.
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Shao Y, Tu M, Yang S, Wang Y, Sun B, Shi J, Tan C, Wang X. Synthesis, biological activity and toxicity to zebrafish of benzamides substituted with pyrazole-linked 1,2,4-oxadiazole. RSC Adv 2022; 12:23544-23551. [PMID: 36090432 PMCID: PMC9386446 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04327k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To find pesticidal lead compounds with high activity, a series of novel benzamides substituted with pyrazole-linked 1,2,4-oxadiazole was designed and synthesized by using the splicing principle of active substructures. The chemical structures of the target compounds were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS. The preliminary bioassay showed that most compounds displayed good larvicidal activities against mosquito larvae at 10 mg L−1. In particular, compound 12g exhibited obvious activity; its lethal rate reached up to 100% (at 5 mg L−1) and 55% (at only 2 mg L−1). Furthermore, compound 12f (70.6%) and 12h (100%) showed good fungicidal activities against Pyricularia oryzae, with EC50 values of 8.28 and 5.49 μg mL−1, respectively, which were superior to that of the control drug bixafen (9.15 μg mL−1). Finally, the LC50 of compound 12h to zebrafish embryo was 0.39 mg L−1, so it was classified as a high-toxic compound. Thus, this compound may be used as a potential lead compound for further structural optimisation to develop new compounds with high activity and low toxicity. A series of novel benzamides substituted with pyrazole-linked 1,2,4-oxadiazole was designed and synthesized by using the splicing principle of active substructures.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Shao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Minting Tu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Sen Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Binlong Sun
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jianjun Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huangshan University, Huangshan 245041, China
| | - Chengxia Tan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xuedong Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
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Shakour N, Hadizadeh F, Kesharwani P, Sahebkar A. 3D-QSAR Studies of 1,2,4-Oxadiazole Derivatives as Sortase A Inhibitors. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6380336. [PMID: 34912894 PMCID: PMC8668286 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6380336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sortase A (SrtA) is an enzyme that catalyzes the attachment of proteins to the cell wall of Gram-positive bacterial membrane, preventing the spread of pathogenic bacterial strains. Here, one class of oxadiazole compounds was distinguished as an efficient inhibitor of SrtA via the "S. aureus Sortase A" substrate-based virtual screening. The current study on 3D-QSAR was done by utilizing preparation of the structure in the Schrödinger software suite and an assessment of 120 derivatives with the crystal structure of 1,2,4-oxadiazole which was extracted from the PDB data bank. The docking operation of the best compound in terms of pMIC (pMIC = 2.77) was done to determine the drug likeliness and binding form of 1,2,4-oxadiazole derivatives as antibiotics in the active site. Using the kNN-MFA way, seven models of 3D-QSAR were created and amongst them, and one model was selected as the best. The chosen model based on q 2 (pred_r 2) and R 2 values related to the sixth factor of PLS illustrates better and more acceptable external and internal predictions. Values of crossvalidation (pred_r 2), validation (q 2), and F were observed 0.5479, 0.6319, and 179.0, respectively, for a test group including 24 molecules and the training group including 96 molecules. The external reliability outcomes showed that the acceptable and the selective 3D-QSAR model had a high predictive potential (R 2 = 0.9235) which was confirmed by the Y-randomization test. Besides, the model applicability domain was described successfully to validate the estimation of the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Shakour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzin Hadizadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Meshram MA, Bhise UO, Makhal PN, Kaki VR. Synthetically-tailored and nature-derived dual COX-2/5-LOX inhibitors: Structural aspects and SAR. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 225:113804. [PMID: 34479036 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a most complex pathological process that gives birth to different diseases. Different inflammatory mediators are released during an inflammation responsible for acute pain and chronic inflammatory diseases like cancer, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. The arachidonic acid pathway, which results in the production of inflammatory mediators, provides several targets for anti-inflammatory intervention. The most popularly used medications for inflammation are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs) but it has some limitations, in particular traditional NSAIDs which inhibit the COX pathway non-selectively, producing gastrointestinal side effects, and other adverse effects like stroke and renal failure. On the other hand, selective COX-2 inhibitors commonly known as 'coxibs' produce cardiovascular side effects. Frequent inhibition of either cyclooxygenase or lipoxygenase enzyme switches the metabolism of arachidonic acid from one to another which could lead to serious consequences. Therefore, a need to develop novel, effective and safe anti-inflammatory agents which can inhibit the release of both prostaglandins and leukotrienes from the respective cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways has emerged. This resulted in the discovery of new anti-inflammatory agents derived from natural and synthetic sources as dual COX-2/5-LOX inhibitors. To further contribute towards the discovery in this field, we have attempted to summarize structural features and pharmacological activities of heterocyclic scaffolds and natural products explored as dual COX-2/5-LOX inhibitors. We have emphasized the designing of the dual inhibitors inspired by the previously reported COX-2 and 5-LOX inhibitors. This outline could render us to identify the best pharmacophores catering to dual COX-2/5-LOX inhibitory activity while improving their efficiency as anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minakshi A Meshram
- Department of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Utkarsha O Bhise
- Department of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Priyanka N Makhal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Venkata Rao Kaki
- Department of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, 500037, India.
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Yarosh NO, Zhilitskaya LV, Dorofeev IA. Synthesis of Acetylenic [Chloro(iodo)methyl]silanes and 2-Sulfanylbenzothiazoles Based Thereon. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s107042802110109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Structure-based screening for the discovery of 1,2,4-oxadiazoles as promising hits for the development of new anti-inflammatory agents interfering with eicosanoid biosynthesis pathways. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 224:113693. [PMID: 34315041 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The multiple inhibition of biological targets involved in pro-inflammatory eicosanoid biosynthesis represents an innovative strategy for treating inflammatory disorders in light of higher efficacy and safety. Herein, following a multidisciplinary protocol involving virtual combinatorial screening, chemical synthesis, and in vitro and in vivo validation of the biological activities, we report the identification of 1,2,4-oxadiazole-based eicosanoid biosynthesis multi-target inhibitors. The multidisciplinary scientific approach led to the identification of three 1,2,4-oxadiazole hits (compounds 1, 2 and 5), all endowed with IC50 values in the low micromolar range, acting as 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (FLAP) antagonists (compounds 1 and 2), and as a multi-target inhibitor (compound 5) of arachidonic acid cascade enzymes, namely cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) and microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase-1 (mPGES-1). Moreover, our in vivo results demonstrate that compound 5 is able to attenuate leukocyte migration in a model of zymosan-induced peritonitis and to modulate the production of IL-1β and TNF-α. These results are of interest for further expanding the chemical diversity around the 1,2,4-oxadiazole central core, enabling the identification of novel anti-inflammatory agents characterized by a favorable pharmacological profile and considering that moderate interference with multiple targets might have advantages in re-adjusting homeostasis.
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Zhilitskaya LV, Shainyan BA, Yarosh NO. Modern Approaches to the Synthesis and Transformations of Practically Valuable Benzothiazole Derivatives. Molecules 2021; 26:2190. [PMID: 33920281 PMCID: PMC8070523 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The review is devoted to modern trends in the chemistry of 2-amino and 2-mercapto substituted benzothiazoles covering the literature since 2015. The reviewed heterocycles belong to biologically active and industrially demanded compounds. Newly developed synthesis methods can be divided into conventional multistep processes and one-pot, atom economy procedures, realized using green chemistry principles and simple reagents. The easy functionalization of the 2-NH2 and 2-SH groups and the benzene ring of the benzothiazole moiety allows considering them as highly reactive building blocks for organic and organoelement synthesis, including the synthesis of pharmacologically active heterocycles. The review provides a summary of findings, which may be useful for developing new drugs and materials and new synthetic approaches and patterns of reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bagrat A. Shainyan
- E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky Street, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia; (L.V.Z.); (N.O.Y.)
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Mahboubi-Rabbani M, Zarghi A. Lipoxygenase Inhibitors as Cancer Chemopreventives: Discovery, Recent Developments and Future Perspectives. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:1143-1175. [PMID: 31820690 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666191210104820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukotrienes (LTs) constitute a bioactive group of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (PUFA) metabolites molded by the enzymatic activity of lipoxygenase (LO) and have a pivotal role in inflammation and allergy. Evidence is accumulating both by in vitro cell culture experiments and animal tumor model studies in support of the direct involvement of aberrant metabolism of arachidonic acid (ACD) in the development of several types of human cancers such as lung, prostate, pancreatic and colorectal malignancies. Several independent experimental data suggest a correlation between tumoral cells viability and LO gene expression, especially, 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO). Overexpressed 5-LO cells live longer, proliferate faster, invade more effectively through extracellular matrix destruction and activate the anti-apoptotic signaling mechanisms more intensively compared to the normal counterparts. Thus, some groups of lipoxygenase inhibitors may be effective as promising chemopreventive agents. METHODS A structured search of bibliographic databases for peer-reviewed research literature regarding the role of LO in the pathogenesis of cancer was performed. The characteristics of screened papers were summarized and the latest advances focused on the discovery of new LO inhibitors as anticancer agents were discussed. RESULTS More than 180 papers were included and summarized in this review; the majority was about the newly designed and synthesized 5-LO inhibitors as anti-inflammatory and anticancer agents. The enzyme's structure, 5-LO pathway, 5-LO inhibitors structure-activity relationships as well as the correlation between these drugs and a number of most prevalent human cancers were described. In most cases, it has been emphasized that dual cyclooxygenase-2/5-lipoxygenase (COX-2/5-LO) or dual 5-lipoxygenase/microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (5-LO/mPGES-1) inhibitors possess considerable inhibitory activities against their target enzymes as well as potent antiproliferative effects. Several papers disclosing 5-lipoxygenase activating protein (FLAP) antagonists as a new group of 5-LO activity regulators are also subject to this review. Also, the potential of 12-lipoxygenase (12- LO) and 15-lipoxygenase (15-LO) inhibitors as chemopreventive agents was outlined to expand the scope of new anticancer agents discovery. Some peptides and peptidomimetics with anti-LT activities were described as well. In addition, the cytotoxic effects of lipoxygenase inhibitors and their adverse effects were discussed and some novel series of natural-product-derived inhibitors of LO was also discussed in this review. CONCLUSION This review gives insights into the novel lipoxygenase inhibitors with anticancer activity as well as the different molecular pharmacological strategies to inhibit the enzyme effectively. The findings confirm that certain groups of LO inhibitors could act as promising chemopreventive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahboubi-Rabbani
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin Zarghi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Kyhoiesh HAK, Al-Adilee KJ. Synthesis, spectral characterization, antimicrobial evaluation studies and cytotoxic activity of some transition metal complexes with tridentate (N,N,O) donor azo dye ligand. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2021.100245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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Prasher P, Sharma M. "Azole" as privileged heterocycle for targeting the inducible cyclooxygenase enzyme. Drug Dev Res 2020; 82:167-197. [PMID: 33137216 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
An over-expression of COX-2 isoenzyme belonging to the Cyclooxygenase Enzyme Family triggers the overproduction of pro-inflammatory prostaglandins that instigate the development of chronic inflammation and related disorders. Hence, the rationally designed drugs for mitigating over-activity of COX-2 isoenzyme play a regulatory role toward the alleviation of the progression of these disorders. However, a selective COX-2 inhibition chemotherapy prompts several side effects that necessitate the identification of novel molecular scaffolds for deliberating state-of-the-art drug designing strategies. The heterocyclic "azole" scaffold, being polar and hydrophilic, possesses remarkable physicochemical advantages for designing physiologically active molecules capable of interacting with a wide range of biological components, including enzymes, peptides, and metabolites. The substituted derivatives of azole nuclei enable a comprehensive SAR analysis for the appraisal of bioactive profile of the deliberated molecules for obtaining the rationally designed compounds with prominent activities. The comprehensive SAR analysis readily prompted the identification of Y-shaped molecules and the eminence of bulkier group for COX-2 selective inhibition. This review presents an epigrammatic collation of the pharmacophore-profile of the chemotherapeutics based on azole motif for a selective targeting of the COX-2 isoenzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parteek Prasher
- UGC Sponsored Centre for Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India.,Department of Chemistry, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Energy Acres, Dehradun, India
| | - Mousmee Sharma
- UGC Sponsored Centre for Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India.,Department of Chemistry, Uttaranchal University, Arcadia Grant, Dehradun, India
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Biernacki K, Daśko M, Ciupak O, Kubiński K, Rachon J, Demkowicz S. Novel 1,2,4-Oxadiazole Derivatives in Drug Discovery. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13060111. [PMID: 32485996 PMCID: PMC7345688 DOI: 10.3390/ph13060111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Five-membered 1,2,4-oxadiazole heterocyclic ring has received considerable attentionbecause of its unique bioisosteric properties and an unusually wide spectrum of biological activities.Thus, it is a perfect framework for the novel drug development. After a century since the1,2,4-oxadiazole have been discovered, the uncommon potential attracted medicinal chemists'attention, leading to the discovery of a few presently accessible drugs containing 1,2,4-oxadiazoleunit. It is worth noting that the interest in a 1,2,4-oxadiazoles' biological application has been doubledin the last fifteen years. Herein, after a concise historical introduction, we present a comprehensiveoverview of the recent achievements in the synthesis of 1,2,4-oxadiazole-based compounds and themajor advances in their biological applications in the period of the last five years as well as briefremarks on prospects for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Biernacki
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland; (K.B.); (O.C.); (J.R.)
| | - Mateusz Daśko
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Olga Ciupak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland; (K.B.); (O.C.); (J.R.)
| | - Konrad Kubiński
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Environment Sciences, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1i, 20-708 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Janusz Rachon
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland; (K.B.); (O.C.); (J.R.)
| | - Sebastian Demkowicz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland; (K.B.); (O.C.); (J.R.)
- Correspondence:
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De Canha MN, Komarnytsky S, Langhansova L, Lall N. Exploring the Anti-Acne Potential of Impepho [ Helichrysum odoratissimum (L.) Sweet] to Combat Cutibacterium acnes Virulence. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1559. [PMID: 32082144 PMCID: PMC7002546 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Gram-positive bacterium Cutibacterium acnes (previously Propionibacterium acnes), plays an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of the dermatological skin disorder acne vulgaris. The methanolic extract of Helichrysum odoratissimum (L.) Sweet (HO-MeOH) was investigated for its ability to target bacterial growth and pathogenic virulence factors associated with acne progression. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of HO-MeOH identified α-humulene (3.94%), α-curcumene (3.74%), and caryophyllene (8.12%) as major constituents, which correlated with previous reports of other Helichrysum species. The HO-MeOH extract exhibited potent antimicrobial activity against C. acnes (ATCC 6919) with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 7.81 µg/ml. It enhanced the antimicrobial activity of benzoyl peroxide (BPO). The extract showed high specificity against C. acnes cell aggregation at sub-inhibitory concentrations, preventing biofilm formation. Mature C. acnes biofilms were disrupted at a sub-inhibitory concentration of 3.91 µg/ml. At 100 µg/ml, HO-MeOH reduced interleukin-1α (IL-1α) cytokine levels in C. acnes-induced human keratinocytes (HaCaT) by 11.08%, highlighting its potential as a comedolytic agent for the treatment of comedonal acne. The extract exhibited a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 157.50 µg/ml against lipase enzyme activity, an enzyme responsible for sebum degradation, ultimately causing inflammation. The extract's anti-inflammatory activity was tested against various targets associated with inflammatory activation by the bacterium. The extract inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokine levels of IL-8 by 48.31% when compared to C. acnes-induced HaCaT cells at 7.81 µg/ml. It exhibited cyclooxygenase-II (COX-II) enzyme inhibition with an IC50 of 22.87 µg/ml. Intracellular nitric oxide (NO) was inhibited by 40.39% at 7.81 µg/ml when compared with NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells. The intracellular NO inhibition was potentially due to the 2.14 fold reduction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene expression. The HO-MeOH extract exhibited an IC50 of 145.45 µg/ml against virulent hyaluronidase enzyme activity, which is responsible for hyaluronan degradation and scar formation. This study provides scientific validation for the traditional use of H. odoratissimum as an ointment for pimples, not only due to its ability to control C. acnes proliferation but also due to its inhibitory activity on various targets associated with bacterial virulence leading to acne progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Nuno De Canha
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Slavko Komarnytsky
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Lenka Langhansova
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Namrita Lall
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India
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Yatam S, Jadav SS, Gundla KP, Paidikondala K, Ankireddy AR, Babu BN, Ahsan MJ, Gundla R. 2‐Mercapto Benzthiazole Coupled Benzyl Triazoles as New COX‐2 Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis, Biological Testing and Molecular Modeling Studies. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201902972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satyanarayana Yatam
- Department of Chemistry, School of TechnologyGITAM University Hyderabad, T.S 502 102 India
| | - Surender Singh Jadav
- Centre for Semio-ChemicalsCSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad- 500007 India
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryVishnu Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Narsapur, Medak Telagnana India
| | - Krishna Prasadh Gundla
- Department of Chemistry, School of TechnologyGITAM University Hyderabad, T.S 502 102 India
| | - Kalyani Paidikondala
- Department of Chemistry, School of TechnologyGITAM University Hyderabad, T.S 502 102 India
| | - Ashok Reddy Ankireddy
- Department of Chemistry, School of TechnologyGITAM University Hyderabad, T.S 502 102 India
| | - Bathini Nagendra Babu
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryVishnu Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Narsapur, Medak Telagnana India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) New Delhi 110025 India
| | - Mohamed Jawed Ahsan
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryMaharshi Arvind College of Pharmacy, Ambabari Jaipur India
| | - Rambabu Gundla
- Department of Chemistry, School of TechnologyGITAM University Hyderabad, T.S 502 102 India
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Aguiar DF, Dutra LLA, Dantas WM, Camelo de Carvalho GG, Gonçalves Lemes RP, do Ó Pessoa C, Koscky Paier CR, Barros Araujo PL, Araujo ES, Pena LJ, de Oliveira RN. Synthesis, Antitumor and Cytotoxic Activity of New Adamantyl
O
‐Acylamidoximes and 3‐Aryl‐5‐Adamantane‐1,2,4‐Oxadiazole Derivatives. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201901285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deivson Ferreira Aguiar
- Department of ChemistryFederal Rural University of Pernambuco, UFRPE 52171-900 Recife, PE Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Claudia do Ó Pessoa
- Laboratório de Oncologia ExperimentalNúcleo de Pesquisa em Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos (NPDM) 60430-270 Fortaleza, CE Brazil
| | - Carlos Roberto Koscky Paier
- Laboratório de Oncologia ExperimentalNúcleo de Pesquisa em Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos (NPDM) 60430-270 Fortaleza, CE Brazil
| | | | - Elmo Silvano Araujo
- Department of Nuclear EnergyFederal University of Pernambuco, UFPE 50740-545 Recife, PE Brazil
| | - Lindomar José Pena
- Department of VirologyOswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz 50740-465, Recife, PE Brazil
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Mahboubi Rabbani SMI, Zarghi A. Selective COX-2 inhibitors as anticancer agents: a patent review (2014-2018). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2019; 29:407-427. [PMID: 31132889 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2019.1623880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION COX-2 is a key enzyme in the process of prostaglandins (PGs) synthesis. The products of this enzyme could play a major role as the mediators of the inflammatory response and some other medical states such as cancer. The design and synthesis of novel selective COX-2 inhibitors have always been attractive to researchers. This review discusses the structures of novel COX-2 inhibitors synthesized during the last five years and describes their efficacy as anticancer agents. AREAS COVERED It is well established that COX-2 is overexpressed in many different cancers and treatment with selective COX-2 inhibitors could relieve their symptoms and limit their adverse sequences. EXPERT OPINION The diversity of selective COX-2 inhibitors is mainly related to the types of scaffolds. Monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic, and acyclic scaffolds with different pharmacological effects and toxicological profiles could be found in the family of selective COX-2 inhibitors. The great interest of the researchers in this field is due to the importance of selective COX-2 inhibitors as a relatively safe and effective set of compounds which could present different properties such as antirheumatic, anti-inflammatory, antiplatelet, anti-Alzheimer's disease, anti-Parkinson's disease, and anticancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Afshin Zarghi
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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Fernandes FS, Rodrigues MT, Zeoly LA, Conti C, Angolini CFF, Eberlin MN, Coelho F. Vinyl-1,2,4-oxadiazoles Behave as Nucleophilic Partners in Morita-Baylis-Hillman Reactions. J Org Chem 2018; 83:15118-15127. [PMID: 30468075 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We describe that vinyl-oxadiazoles function as a new and efficient nucleophilic partner for the Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH) reaction. The reaction between 5-vinyl-3-aryl-1,2,4-oxadiazoles and aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes, catalyzed by DABCO in the absence of solvent, showed high efficiency to afford a new class of heterocyclic MBH adducts with potential biological activity on yields up to 99% and short reaction times. These synthetically attractive adducts bear a heterocyclic scaffold of large pharmaceutical and commercial interest associated with a plethora of biological effects and technological applications. We also demonstrate their synthetic usefulness by a photoinduced addition reaction to a polyfunctionalized amino alcohol.
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Yatam S, Jadav SS, Gundla R, Gundla KP, Reddy GM, Ahsan MJ, Chimakurthy J. Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 2 (((5-aryl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)methyl)thio)benzo[d]oxazoles: New Antiinflammatory and Antioxidant Agents. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201801558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Satyanarayana Yatam
- Department of Chemistry; School of Technology; GITAM University, Hyderabad, T.S, 502 102; India
| | - Surender Singh Jadav
- Department of Chemistry; School of Technology; GITAM University, Hyderabad, T.S, 502 102; India
| | - Rambabu Gundla
- Department of Chemistry; School of Technology; GITAM University, Hyderabad, T.S, 502 102; India
| | - Krishna Prasadh Gundla
- Department of Chemistry; School of Technology; GITAM University, Hyderabad, T.S, 502 102; India
| | | | - Mohamed Jawed Ahsan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; College of Pharmacy; King Khalid University; Abha 62529 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jithendra Chimakurthy
- Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology & Research, Vadlamudi, Guntur, Andhrapradesh; India
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