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Zheng SJ, Zheng N, Zhang ML, Wu FF, Yang SD, Cheng XH, Bao HY, Zhang R. Probing the binding mechanism of the verbascoside and human serum albumin by fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular docking approach. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-022-03002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Biologically Derived Gold Nanoparticles and Their Applications. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2022; 2022:8184217. [PMID: 35959230 PMCID: PMC9359863 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8184217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology is a rapidly evolving discipline as it has a wide variety of applications in several fields. They have been synthesized in a variety of ways. Traditional processes such as chemical and physical synthesis have limits, whether in the form of chemical contamination during synthesis operations or in subsequent applications and usage of more energy. Over the last decade, research has focused on establishing easy, nontoxic, clean, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly techniques for nanoparticle production. To achieve this goal, biological synthesis was created to close this gap. Biosynthesis of nanoparticles is a one-step process, and it is ecofriendly in nature. The metabolic activities of biological agents convert dissolved metal ions into nanometals. For biosynthesis of metal nanoparticles, various biological agents like plants, fungus, and bacteria are utilized. In this review paper, the aim is to provide a summary of contemporary research on the biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles and their applications in various domains have been discussed.
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Kamaruzaman NH, Mohd Noor NN, Radin Mohamed RMS, Al-Gheethi A, Ponnusamy SK, Sharma A, Vo DVN. Applicability of bio-synthesized nanoparticles in fungal secondary metabolites products and plant extracts for eliminating antibiotic-resistant bacteria risks in non-clinical environments. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 209:112831. [PMID: 35123962 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The abundance of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the prawn pond effluents can substantially impact the natural environment. The settlement ponds, which are the most common treatment method for farms wastewater, might effectively reduce the suspended solids and organic matter. However, the method is insufficient for bacterial inactivation. The current paper seeks to highlight the environmental issue associated with the distribution of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) from prawn farm wastewater and their impact on the microbial complex community in the surface water which receiving these wastes. The inactivation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in prawn wastewater is strongly recommended because the presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the environment causes water pollution and public health issues. The nanoparticles are more efficient for bacterial inactivation. They are widely accepted due to their high chemical and mechanical stability, broad spectrum of radiation absorption, high catalytic activity, and high antimicrobial activity. Many studies have examined the use of fungi or plants extract to synthesis zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs). It is evident from recent papers in the literature that green synthesized ZnO NPs from microbes and plant extracts are non-toxic and effective. ZnO NPs inactivate the bacterial cells as a function for releasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and zinc ions. The inactivation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria tends to be more than 90% which exhibit strong antimicrobial behavior against bacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Hazirah Kamaruzaman
- Micropollutant Research Centre (MPRC), Faculty of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), 86400, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Nabilah Mohd Noor
- Micropollutant Research Centre (MPRC), Faculty of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), 86400, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Radin Maya Saphira Radin Mohamed
- Micropollutant Research Centre (MPRC), Faculty of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), 86400, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Adel Al-Gheethi
- Micropollutant Research Centre (MPRC), Faculty of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), 86400, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Senthil Kumar Ponnusamy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603110, India
| | - Ajit Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, India
| | - Dai-Viet N Vo
- Center of Excellence for Green Energy and Environmental Nanomaterials (CE@GrEEN), Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City, 755414, Viet Nam
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Sharma A, Sarmah S, Roy AS, Ghosh KS. Multispectroscopic studies on the molecular interactions between bovine gamma-globulin and borohydride-capped silver nanoparticles. LUMINESCENCE 2022; 37:1200-1207. [PMID: 35560509 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between bovine gamma-globulin (BGG) and borohydride-capped silver nanoparticles (BAgNPs) were studied using dynamic light scattering and spectroscopic techniques like UV-Vis, fluorescence and circular dichroism. The results were compared with earlier reported[1] interactions between γ-globulin and citrate-coated AgNPs (CAgNPs). BAgNPs were synthesized and characterized. Irrespective of the coating on AgNPs, nanoparticles had formed ground state complexes with the protein. CAgNPs as well as BAgNPS had caused static quenching of tryptophan (Trp) fluorescence of the protein. The change in the capping agent from citrate to borohydride weakened the binding of nanoparticles with the protein. But the same change in capping agent had increased the- fluorescence quenching efficiency of AgNPs. Hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions were involved in BGG-BAgNPs complex similar to the CAgNPs complex with γ-globulin. Polarity of the Trp microenvironment in BGG was not altered by BAgNPs contrary to CAgNPs as supported by synchronous and three-dimensional fluorescence. Resonance light scattering experiment also suggested nano-bio conjugation. Far-UV and near-UV CD spectra respectively pointed towards changes in the secondary and tertiary structure of BGG by BAgNPs, which was not observed in case of CAgNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anchal Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sharat Sarmah
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Meghalaya, Shillong, India
| | - Atanu Singha Roy
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Meghalaya, Shillong, India
| | - Kalyan Sundar Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Chopra H, Bibi S, Singh I, Hasan MM, Khan MS, Yousafi Q, Baig AA, Rahman MM, Islam F, Emran TB, Cavalu S. Green Metallic Nanoparticles: Biosynthesis to Applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:874742. [PMID: 35464722 PMCID: PMC9019488 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.874742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Current advancements in nanotechnology and nanoscience have resulted in new nanomaterials, which may pose health and environmental risks. Furthermore, several researchers are working to optimize ecologically friendly procedures for creating metal and metal oxide nanoparticles. The primary goal is to decrease the adverse effects of synthetic processes, their accompanying chemicals, and the resulting complexes. Utilizing various biomaterials for nanoparticle preparation is a beneficial approach in green nanotechnology. Furthermore, using the biological qualities of nature through a variety of activities is an excellent way to achieve this goal. Algae, plants, bacteria, and fungus have been employed to make energy-efficient, low-cost, and nontoxic metallic nanoparticles in the last few decades. Despite the environmental advantages of using green chemistry-based biological synthesis over traditional methods as discussed in this article, there are some unresolved issues such as particle size and shape consistency, reproducibility of the synthesis process, and understanding of the mechanisms involved in producing metallic nanoparticles via biological entities. Consequently, there is a need for further research to analyze and comprehend the real biological synthesis-dependent processes. This is currently an untapped hot research topic that required more investment to properly leverage the green manufacturing of metallic nanoparticles through living entities. The review covers such green methods of synthesizing nanoparticles and their utilization in the scientific world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitesh Chopra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, India
| | - Shabana Bibi
- Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- The International Joint Research Center for Sustainable Utilization of Cordyceps Bioresources in China and Southeast Asia, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Inderbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, India
| | - Mohammad Mehedi Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Saad Khan
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - Qudsia Yousafi
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - Atif Amin Baig
- Unit of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Md. Mominur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Fahadul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Simona Cavalu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
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Shahabadi N, Akbari A, Karampour F, Falsafi M, Zendehcheshm S. In vitro cytotoxicity, antibacterial activity and HSA and ct-DNA interaction studies of chlorogenic acid loaded on γ-Fe 2O 3@SiO 2 as new nanoparticles. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 41:2300-2320. [PMID: 35120416 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2030799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, nanoparticles with both anticancer and antibacterial features were synthesized through loading chlorogenic acid (CGA) of essential oils on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). Characterization of γ-Fe2O3@SiO2-CGA MNPs was performed using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) that show effective coating of the MNPs with SiO2 and CGA ligand and spherical shape of the nanoparticles with a mean diameter of 16 nm, respectively. The cytotoxicity study demonstrated that γ-Fe2O3@SiO2-CGA MNPs had fewer toxic effects on normal cells (Huvec) than on cancerous cells (U-87 MG, A-2780 and A-549), and could be a new potential candidate for use in biological and pharmaceutical applications. The interaction of calf thymus deoxyribonucleic acid (ct-DNA) with γ-Fe2O3@SiO2-CGA MNPs indicated that the anticancer activity might be associated with the DNA binding properties of γ-Fe2O3@SiO2-CGA MNPs. Moreover, the interaction of γ-Fe2O3@SiO2-CGA MNPs with human serum albumin (HSA) suggests that the native conformation of HSA was preserved at the level of secondary structure, indicating that the γ-Fe2O3@SiO2-CGA MNPs do not show any cytotoxicity effect when they are injected into the blood. Antibacterial tests were performed and represented γ-Fe2O3@SiO2-CGA MNPs attained better antibacterial function than CGA as free.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Shahabadi
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.,Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Alireza Akbari
- Chemistry Department, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Saba Zendehcheshm
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
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Cudalbeanu M, Peitinho D, Silva F, Marques R, Pinheiro T, Ferreira AC, Marques F, Paulo A, Soeiro CF, Sousa SA, Leitão JH, Tăbăcaru A, Avramescu SM, Dinica RM, Campello MPC. Sono-Biosynthesis and Characterization of AuNPs from Danube Delta Nymphaea alba Root Extracts and Their Biological Properties. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1562. [PMID: 34198512 PMCID: PMC8231883 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Root extracts from Danube Delta Nymphaea alba were used to prepare gold nanoparticles (AuNPRn) by reducing HAuCl4 at different pHs (6.4-8.4) using ultrasonic irradiation: an easy, cheap, eco-friendly and green approach. Their antibacterial and anticancer activities were evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and A2780 ovarian cancer cells, respectively. The AuNPRn were characterized concerning their phytoconstituents (polyphenols, flavonoids and condensed tannins) and gold content. All of the nanoparticles were negatively charged. AuNPRn exhibited a hydrodynamic size distribution ranging from 32 nm to 280 nm, with the larger nanoparticles being obtained with an Au/root extract ratio of 0.56, pH 7 and 10 min of sonication (AuNPR1), whereas the smallest were obtained with an Au/root extract ratio of 0.24, pH 7.8 and 40 min of sonication (AuNPR4). The TEM/SEM images showed that the AuNPRn had different shapes. The ATR-FTIR indicated that AuNPRn interact mainly with hydroxyl groups present in the polyphenol compounds, which also confirm their high antioxidant capacity, except for AuNPR2 obtained at pH 6.4. Among the AuNPRn, the smallest ones exhibited enhanced antimicrobial and anticancer activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Cudalbeanu
- Faculty of Sciences and Environment, Department of Chemistry Physical and Environment, “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galati, 111 Domnească Street, 800201 Galati, Romania; (M.C.); (A.T.)
- Research Center for Environmental Protection and Waste Management, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - David Peitinho
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Campus Tecnológico e Nuclear, Estrada Nacional 10, Km 139.7, 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal; (D.P.); (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Francisco Silva
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Campus Tecnológico e Nuclear, Estrada Nacional 10, Km 139.7, 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal; (D.P.); (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Rosa Marques
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Campus Tecnológico e Nuclear, Estrada Nacional 10, Km 139.7, 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal; (D.P.); (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.M.); (A.P.)
- Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares (DECN), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal;
| | - Teresa Pinheiro
- Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares (DECN), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal;
- Department of Bioengineering, iBB-Institute of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; (C.F.S.); (S.A.S.); (J.H.L.)
| | - Ana C. Ferreira
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Campus Tecnológico e Nuclear, Estrada Nacional, Estrada Nacional 10, Km 139.7, 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal;
| | - Fernanda Marques
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Campus Tecnológico e Nuclear, Estrada Nacional 10, Km 139.7, 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal; (D.P.); (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.M.); (A.P.)
- Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares (DECN), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal;
| | - António Paulo
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Campus Tecnológico e Nuclear, Estrada Nacional 10, Km 139.7, 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal; (D.P.); (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.M.); (A.P.)
- Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares (DECN), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal;
| | - Catarina F. Soeiro
- Department of Bioengineering, iBB-Institute of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; (C.F.S.); (S.A.S.); (J.H.L.)
| | - Sílvia Andreia Sousa
- Department of Bioengineering, iBB-Institute of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; (C.F.S.); (S.A.S.); (J.H.L.)
| | - Jorge Humberto Leitão
- Department of Bioengineering, iBB-Institute of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; (C.F.S.); (S.A.S.); (J.H.L.)
| | - Aurel Tăbăcaru
- Faculty of Sciences and Environment, Department of Chemistry Physical and Environment, “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galati, 111 Domnească Street, 800201 Galati, Romania; (M.C.); (A.T.)
| | - Sorin Marius Avramescu
- Research Center for Environmental Protection and Waste Management, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 90-92 Soseaua Panduri, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Rodica Mihaela Dinica
- Faculty of Sciences and Environment, Department of Chemistry Physical and Environment, “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galati, 111 Domnească Street, 800201 Galati, Romania; (M.C.); (A.T.)
| | - Maria Paula Cabral Campello
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Campus Tecnológico e Nuclear, Estrada Nacional 10, Km 139.7, 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal; (D.P.); (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.M.); (A.P.)
- Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares (DECN), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal;
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Study on the antibacterial activity and interaction with human serum albumin of Tagetes erecta inspired biogenic silver nanoparticles. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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9
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Beg M, Maji A, Nayim S, Aktara MN, Sahoo NK, Jana GC, Islam MM, Hossain M. Biophysical insights into the interaction of human serum albumin with Cassia fistula leaf extracts inspired biogenic potent antibacterial and anticancerous gold nanoparticles. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:4567-4581. [PMID: 32567502 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1778532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In the present investigation, the characterization of Cassia fistula leaf extracts (CFLE) mediated gold nanoparticles (CF-GNPs) and its binding features with human serum albumin (HSA) through interaction have been probed. The results from UV-visible, TEM and EDX analysis proved the formation of CF-GNPs. The functional groups like OH, NH, CN etc present in the phytochemicals of CFLE were mainly acted as reducing and protecting agent which was confirmed by FTIR study. The zeta potential (-17.8 mV) and hydrodynamic size (20.4 nm) of the CF-GNPs were also measured by DLS. The microbicidal effect of the CF-GNPs was estimated against gram negative bacterium, Escherichia coli (DH5-Alpha) and MIC was found to be 2.8 nM. Anticancer activity of the CF-GNPs was also checked against A375 (skin melanoma) cell lines where IC50 was 6.5 nM. The interaction study of CF-GNPs with HSA and conformational alteration of HSA upon interaction were investigated by the fluorescence, lifetime, synchronous, circular dichroism spectrum and zeta potential measurement. The negative value of Gibb's free energy indicated spontaneity of the CF-GNPs-HSA complex formation. The fluorescence lifetime measurement confirmed the construction of ground state CF-GNPs-HSA complex passing through static quenching mechanism and determined the distance from donor to acceptor also. Circular dichroism spectroscopy signified unchangeable native structure of HSA with minor decrease of alpha helix structure (54.5% to 51.1%) upon interaction. The more negative zeta potential value (-25.9 mV) of CF-GNPs-HSA system than the CF-GNPs (-17.8 mV) proved the adsorption of HSA on the outer surface of CF-GNPs.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maidul Beg
- Department of Chemistry, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, India
| | - Anukul Maji
- Department of Chemistry, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, India
| | - Sk Nayim
- Department of Chemistry, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, India
| | - Mt Nasima Aktara
- Department of Chemistry, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, India
| | | | | | | | - Maidul Hossain
- Department of Chemistry, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, India
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