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Thumkeo D, Punyawatthananukool S, Prasongtanakij S, Matsuura R, Arima K, Nie H, Yamamoto R, Aoyama N, Hamaguchi H, Sugahara S, Takeda S, Charoensawan V, Tanaka A, Sakaguchi S, Narumiya S. PGE 2-EP2/EP4 signaling elicits immunosuppression by driving the mregDC-Treg axis in inflammatory tumor microenvironment. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110914. [PMID: 35675777 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Active inflammation generally promotes immune activation. However, in the tumor microenvironment (TME), active inflammation occurs in parallel with immunosuppression, and both contribute to tumor growth. Why inflammation does not lead to immune activation in TME remains unclear. In this study, using the immune checkpoint inhibitor-insensitive mouse cancer model and single-cell RNA sequencing, we show that PGE2-EP2/EP4 signaling simultaneously promotes active inflammation by inducing expression of the NF-κB genes in myeloid cells and elicits immunosuppression by driving the mregDC (mature DC enriched in immunoregulatory molecules)-Treg (regulatory T cell) axis for Treg recruitment and activation in the tumor. Importantly, the EP2/EP4 expression level is strongly correlated with the gene signatures of both active inflammation and the mregDC-Treg axis and has significant prognosis value in various human cancers. Thus, PGE2-EP2/EP4 signaling functions as the key regulatory node linking active inflammation and immunosuppression in TME, which can be targeted by EP2 and EP4 antagonists for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Thumkeo
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Alliance Laboratory for Advanced Medical Research, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
| | | | - Somsak Prasongtanakij
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ryuma Matsuura
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kentaro Arima
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Huan Nie
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Rie Yamamoto
- Alliance Laboratory for Advanced Medical Research, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Naohiro Aoyama
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Hisao Hamaguchi
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Shingo Sugahara
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Shinobu Takeda
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Varodom Charoensawan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; System Biology of Diseases Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Integrative Computational BioScience (ICBS) Center, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Atsushi Tanaka
- Department of Experimental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shimon Sakaguchi
- Department of Experimental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shuh Narumiya
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Alliance Laboratory for Advanced Medical Research, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; AMED-FORCE, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Chiyoda, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan.
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Wei BY, Cao CZ, Cao CT. Influences of polarizability effect of alkyl group and homoring competition effect of substituents on the NMR spectra of salen-type Schiff base. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2021; 59:701-712. [PMID: 33403765 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Salen-type Schiff bases are a kind of important compounds and are widely used. In order to explore the effect of alkyl groups and substituents attached to aromatic ring on the chemical shifts, 63 title compounds were synthesized. Their 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR spectra were obtained; and the effects of the alkyl chain length and substituents on the chemical shifts (δH (CHN), δC (CHN), δH (OH), and δC (COH)) were studied. The results show that (1) the alkyl polarizability effect index (PEI) has an important influence on the chemical shifts of the above four atoms, with the increase of PEI, the values of δH (CHN) and δc(CHN) decrease, and the values of δH (OH) and δC (COH) increase. (2) The influence of substituent X attached to aromatic ring on the chemical shift is related to its position by taking OH or CHN as reference. As for the effect of substituent on the chemical shifts, the effect of Hammett constant σ(X)OH and excited-state substituent parameter σ CC ex X OH with OH as reference are different from that ofσ(X)CHN and σ CC ex X CH N with CHN as reference, and there is a "homoring competition effect" of the substituent. (3) The effect of the cross-interaction between X and OH on the chemical shift is also significantly different due to the different position of X. Quantitative correlation equations against chemical shifts were built for the four atoms, and the stability and prediction ability of the obtained equations were confirmed by leave-one-out cross validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bai-Ying Wei
- School of Resource Environment and Safety Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Function Molecule, Ministry of Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China
| | - Chen-Zhong Cao
- School of Resource Environment and Safety Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Function Molecule, Ministry of Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China
| | - Chao-Tun Cao
- School of Resource Environment and Safety Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Function Molecule, Ministry of Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China
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Cao C, Yan L, Cao C, Qu J. Influence of substituent and push‐pull effect on the chemical shifts of the carbon in bridging bond of 1‐furyl/thienyl‐2‐arylethylene. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao‐tun Cao
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Function Molecule, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan Hunan Province China
| | - Lu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Function Molecule, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan Hunan Province China
| | - Chenzhong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Function Molecule, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan Hunan Province China
| | - Junyan Qu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Function Molecule, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan Hunan Province China
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Substituent Effects on NMR Spectroscopy of 2,2-Dimethylchroman-4-one Derivatives: Experimental and Theoretical Studies. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092061. [PMID: 32354199 PMCID: PMC7248910 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The attribution of 1H and 13C NMR signals of a library of 5-, 6- and 7-substituted 2,2-dimethylchroman-4-one derivatives is reported. Substituent effects were interpreted in terms of the Hammett equation, showing a good correlation for carbons para- to the substituent group, not for the meta- ones. Similarly, the Lynch correlation shows the additivity of the substituent chemical shifts in the case of both H and C nuclei, again with the exception of the carbons in the meta- position. Density Functional Theory (DFT)-predicted 1H and 13C chemical shifts correspond closely with experimentally observed values, with some exceptions for C NMR data; however, the correlation is valid only for the aromatic moiety and cannot be extended to the heterocyclic ring of the chroman-4-one scaffold.
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