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Santiso A, Heinemann A, Kargl J. Prostaglandin E2 in the Tumor Microenvironment, a Convoluted Affair Mediated by EP Receptors 2 and 4. Pharmacol Rev 2024; 76:388-413. [PMID: 38697857 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.123.000901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The involvement of the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) system in cancer progression has long been recognized. PGE2 functions as an autocrine and paracrine signaling molecule with pleiotropic effects in the human body. High levels of intratumoral PGE2 and overexpression of the key metabolic enzymes of PGE2 have been observed and suggested to contribute to tumor progression. This has been claimed for different types of solid tumors, including, but not limited to, lung, breast, and colon cancer. PGE2 has direct effects on tumor cells and angiogenesis that are known to promote tumor development. However, one of the main mechanisms behind PGE2 driving cancerogenesis is currently thought to be anchored in suppressed antitumor immunity, thus providing possible therapeutic targets to be used in cancer immunotherapies. EP2 and EP4, two receptors for PGE2, are emerging as being the most relevant for this purpose. This review aims to summarize the known roles of PGE2 in the immune system and its functions within the tumor microenvironment. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) has long been known to be a signaling molecule in cancer. Its presence in tumors has been repeatedly associated with disease progression. Elucidation of its effects on immunological components of the tumor microenvironment has highlighted the potential of PGE2 receptor antagonists in cancer treatment, particularly in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapeutics. Adjuvant treatment could increase the response rates and the efficacy of immune-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Santiso
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Akos Heinemann
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Julia Kargl
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Pettinella F, Mariotti B, Lattanzi C, Bruderek K, Donini M, Costa S, Marini O, Iannoto G, Gasperini S, Caveggion E, Castellucci M, Calzetti F, Bianchetto-Aguilera F, Gardiman E, Giani M, Dusi S, Cantini M, Vassanelli A, Pavone D, Milella M, Pilotto S, Biondani P, Höing B, Schleupner MC, Hussain T, Hadaschik B, Kaspar C, Visco C, Tecchio C, Koenderman L, Bazzoni F, Tamassia N, Brandau S, Cassatella MA, Scapini P. Surface CD52, CD84, and PTGER2 mark mature PMN-MDSCs from cancer patients and G-CSF-treated donors. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101380. [PMID: 38242120 PMCID: PMC10897522 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Precise molecular characterization of circulating polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSCs) is hampered by their mixed composition of mature and immature cells and lack of specific markers. Here, we focus on mature CD66b+CD10+CD16+CD11b+ PMN-MDSCs (mPMN-MDSCs) from either cancer patients or healthy donors receiving G-CSF for stem cell mobilization (GDs). By RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) experiments, we report the identification of a distinct gene signature shared by the different mPMN-MDSC populations under investigation, also validated in mPMN-MDSCs from GDs and tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) by single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) experiments. Analysis of such a gene signature uncovers a specific transcriptional program associated with mPMN-MDSC differentiation and allows us to identify that, in patients with either solid or hematologic tumors and in GDs, CD52, CD84, and prostaglandin E receptor 2 (PTGER2) represent potential mPMN-MDSC-associated markers. Altogether, our findings indicate that mature PMN-MDSCs distinctively undergo specific reprogramming during differentiation and lay the groundwork for selective immunomonitoring, and eventually targeting, of mature PMN-MDSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pettinella
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Barbara Mariotti
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Chiara Lattanzi
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Kirsten Bruderek
- Research Division, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Marta Donini
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Sara Costa
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Olivia Marini
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Giulia Iannoto
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Sara Gasperini
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Elena Caveggion
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | | | - Federica Calzetti
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | | | - Elisa Gardiman
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Matteo Giani
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Dusi
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Maurizio Cantini
- Transfusion Medicine Department, University and Hospital Trust (AOUI), Verona, Italy
| | - Aurora Vassanelli
- Transfusion Medicine Department, University and Hospital Trust (AOUI), Verona, Italy
| | - Denise Pavone
- Transfusion Medicine Department, University and Hospital Trust (AOUI), Verona, Italy
| | - Michele Milella
- Section of Innovation Biomedicine - Oncology Area, Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine (DIMI), University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Sara Pilotto
- Section of Innovation Biomedicine - Oncology Area, Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine (DIMI), University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Pamela Biondani
- Section of Oncology, University and Hospital Trust (AOUI) of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Benedikt Höing
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Timon Hussain
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Boris Hadaschik
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Cordelia Kaspar
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Carlo Visco
- Section of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine (DIMI), University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Cristina Tecchio
- Section of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine (DIMI), University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Leo Koenderman
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Flavia Bazzoni
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Nicola Tamassia
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Sven Brandau
- Research Division, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Essen-Düsseldorf, Essen, Germany
| | - Marco A Cassatella
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Scapini
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy.
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Cuenca-Escalona J, Subtil B, Garcia-Perez A, Cambi A, de Vries IJM, Flórez-Grau G. EP2 and EP4 blockade prevents tumor-induced suppressive features in human monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1355769. [PMID: 38343540 PMCID: PMC10853404 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1355769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumors educate their environment to prime the occurrence of suppressive cell subsets, which enable tumor evasion and favors tumor progression. Among these, there are the myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), their presence being associated with the poor clinical outcome of cancer patients. Tumor-derived prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is known to mediate MDSC differentiation and the acquisition of pro-tumor features. In myeloid cells, PGE2 signaling is mediated via E-prostanoid receptor type 2 (EP2) and EP4. Although the suppressive role of PGE2 is well established in MDSCs, the role of EP2/4 on human MDSCs or whether EP2/4 modulation can prevent MDSCs suppressive features upon exposure to tumor-derived PGE2 is poorly defined. In this study, using an in vitro model of human monocytic-MDSCs (M-MDSCs) we demonstrate that EP2 and EP4 signaling contribute to the induction of a pro-tumor phenotype and function on M-MDSCs. PGE2 signaling via EP2 and EP4 boosted M-MDSC ability to suppress T and NK cell responses. Combined EP2/4 blockade on M-MDSCs during PGE2 exposure prevented the occurrence of these suppressive features. Additionally, EP2/4 blockade attenuated the suppressive phenotype of M-MDSCs in a 3D coculture with colorectal cancer patient-derived organoids. Together, these results identify the role of tumor-derived PGE2 signaling via EP2 and EP4 in this human M-MDSC model, supporting the therapeutic value of targeting PGE2-EP2/4 axis in M-MDSCs to alleviate immunosuppression and facilitate the development of anti-tumor immunity.
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Nayak AP, Javed E, Villalba DR, Wang Y, Morelli HP, Shah SD, Kim N, Ostrom RS, Panettieri RA, An SS, Tang DD, Penn RB. Prorelaxant E-type Prostanoid Receptors Functionally Partition to Different Procontractile Receptors in Airway Smooth Muscle. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 69:584-591. [PMID: 37523713 PMCID: PMC10633839 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0445oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 imparts diverse physiological effects on multiple airway cells through its actions on four distinct E-type prostanoid (EP) receptor subtypes (EP1-EP4). Gs-coupled EP2 and EP4 receptors are expressed on airway smooth muscle (ASM), yet their capacity to regulate the ASM contractile state remains subject to debate. We used EP2 and EP4 subtype-specific agonists (ONO-259 and ONO-329, respectively) in cell- and tissue-based models of human ASM contraction-magnetic twisting cytometry (MTC), and precision-cut lung slices (PCLSs), respectively-to study the EP2 and EP4 regulation of ASM contraction and signaling under conditions of histamine or methacholine (MCh) stimulation. ONO-329 was superior (<0.05) to ONO-259 in relaxing MCh-contracted PCLSs (log half maximal effective concentration [logEC50]: 4.9 × 10-7 vs. 2.2 × 10-6; maximal bronchodilation ± SE, 35 ± 2% vs. 15 ± 2%). However, ONO-259 and ONO-329 were similarly efficacious in relaxing histamine-contracted PCLSs. Similar differential effects were observed in MTC studies. Signaling analyses revealed only modest differences in ONO-329- and ONO-259-induced phosphorylation of the protein kinase A substrates VASP and HSP20, with concomitant stimulation with MCh or histamine. Conversely, ONO-259 failed to inhibit MCh-induced phosphorylation of the regulatory myosin light chain (pMLC20) and the F-actin/G-actin ratio (F/G-actin ratio) while effectively inhibiting their induction by histamine. ONO-329 was effective in reversing induced pMLC20 and the F/G-actin ratio with both MCh and histamine. Thus, the contractile-agonist-dependent differential effects are not explained by changes in the global levels of phosphorylated protein kinase A substrates but are reflected in the regulation of pMLC20 (cross-bridge cycling) and F/G-actin ratio (actin cytoskeleton integrity, force transmission), implicating a role for compartmentalized signaling involving muscarinic, histamine, and EP receptor subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay P. Nayak
- Center for Translational Medicine, Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Institute, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Elham Javed
- Center for Translational Medicine, Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Institute, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Dominic R. Villalba
- Center for Translational Medicine, Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Institute, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yinna Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Henry P. Morelli
- Center for Translational Medicine, Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Institute, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sushrut D. Shah
- Center for Translational Medicine, Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Institute, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nicholas Kim
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Rennolds S. Ostrom
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, California; and
| | - Reynold A. Panettieri
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Steven S. An
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Dale D. Tang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Raymond B. Penn
- Center for Translational Medicine, Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Institute, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Qiu J, Li Q, Li J, Zhou F, Sang P, Xia Z, Wang W, Wang L, Yu Y, Jiang J. Complementary roles of EP2 and EP4 receptors in malignant glioma. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:2623-2640. [PMID: 37232020 PMCID: PMC10524591 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive brain tumour in the central nervous system, but the current treatment is very limited and unsatisfactory. PGE2 -initiated cAMP signalling via EP2 and EP4 receptors is involved in the tumourigenesis of multiple cancer types. However, whether or how EP2 and EP4 receptors contribute to GBM growth largely remains elusive. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We performed comprehensive data analysis of gene expression in human GBM samples and determined their expression correlations through multiple bioinformatics approaches. A time-resolved fluorescence energy transfer (TR-FRET) assay was utilized to characterize PGE2 -mediated cAMP signalling via EP2 and EP4 receptors in human glioblastoma cells. Using recently reported potent and selective small-molecule antagonists, we determined the effects of inhibition of EP2 and EP4 receptors on GBM growth in subcutaneous and intracranial tumour models. KEY RESULTS The expression of both EP2 and EP4 receptors was upregulated and highly correlated with a variety of tumour-promoting cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors in human gliomas. Further, they were heterogeneously expressed in human GBM cells, where they compensated for each other to mediate PGE2 -initiated cAMP signalling and to promote colony formation, cell invasion and migration. Inhibition of EP2 and EP4 receptors revealed that these receptors might mediate GBM growth, angiogenesis, and immune evasion in a compensatory manner. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS The compensatory roles of EP2 and EP4 receptors in GBM development and growth suggest that concurrently targeting these two PGE2 receptors might represent a more effective strategy than inhibiting either alone for GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiange Qiu
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Qianqian Li
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Junqi Li
- Medical Research Center, Institute of Neuroscience, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fengmei Zhou
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Peng Sang
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhongkun Xia
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jianxiong Jiang
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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Kurz M, Ulrich M, Bittner A, Scharf MM, Shao J, Wallenstein I, Lemoine H, Wettschureck N, Kolb P, Bünemann M. EP4 Receptor Conformation Sensor Suited for Ligand Screening and Imaging of Extracellular Prostaglandins. Mol Pharmacol 2023; 104:80-91. [PMID: 37442628 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.122.000648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandins are important lipid mediators with a wide range of functions in the human body. They act mainly via plasma membrane localized prostaglandin receptors, which belong to the G-protein coupled receptor class. Due to their localized formation and short lifetime, it is important to be able to measure the distribution and abundance of prostaglandins in time and/or space. In this study, we present a Foerster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based conformation sensor of the human prostaglandin E receptor subtype 4 (EP4 receptor), which was capable of detecting prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-induced receptor activation in the low nanomolar range with a good signal-to-noise ratio. The sensor retained the typical selectivity for PGE2 among arachidonic acid products. Human embryonic kidney cells stably expressing the sensor did not produce detectable amounts of prostaglandins making them suitable for a coculture approach allowing us, over time, to detect prostaglandin formation in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells and primary mouse macrophages. Furthermore, the EP4 receptor sensor proved to be suited to detect experimentally generated PGE2 gradients by means of FRET-microscopy, indicating the potential to measure gradients of PGE2 within tissues. In addition to FRET-based imaging of prostanoid release, the sensor allowed not only for determination of PGE2 concentrations, but also proved to be capable of measuring ligand binding kinetics. The good signal-to-noise ratio at a commercial plate reader and the ability to directly determine ligand efficacy shows the obvious potential of this sensor interest for screening and characterization of novel ligands of the pharmacologically important human EP4 receptor. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The authors present a biosensor based on the prostaglandin E receptor subtype 4, which is well suited to measure extracellular prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) concentration with high temporal and spatial resolution. It can be used for the imaging of PGE2 levels and gradients by means of Foerster resonance energy transfer microscopy, and for determining PGE2 release of primary cells as well as for screening purposes in a plate reader setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kurz
- Institutes for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy (M.K., M.U., A.B., I.W., M.B.) and Pharmaceutical Chemistry (M.M.S., P.K.), Faculty of Pharmacy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Department of Pharmacology (J.S., N.W.), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; Department of Laser Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (H.L.); and LWL-Laboratory (H.L.), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michaela Ulrich
- Institutes for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy (M.K., M.U., A.B., I.W., M.B.) and Pharmaceutical Chemistry (M.M.S., P.K.), Faculty of Pharmacy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Department of Pharmacology (J.S., N.W.), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; Department of Laser Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (H.L.); and LWL-Laboratory (H.L.), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alwina Bittner
- Institutes for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy (M.K., M.U., A.B., I.W., M.B.) and Pharmaceutical Chemistry (M.M.S., P.K.), Faculty of Pharmacy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Department of Pharmacology (J.S., N.W.), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; Department of Laser Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (H.L.); and LWL-Laboratory (H.L.), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Magdalena Martina Scharf
- Institutes for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy (M.K., M.U., A.B., I.W., M.B.) and Pharmaceutical Chemistry (M.M.S., P.K.), Faculty of Pharmacy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Department of Pharmacology (J.S., N.W.), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; Department of Laser Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (H.L.); and LWL-Laboratory (H.L.), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jingchen Shao
- Institutes for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy (M.K., M.U., A.B., I.W., M.B.) and Pharmaceutical Chemistry (M.M.S., P.K.), Faculty of Pharmacy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Department of Pharmacology (J.S., N.W.), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; Department of Laser Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (H.L.); and LWL-Laboratory (H.L.), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Imke Wallenstein
- Institutes for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy (M.K., M.U., A.B., I.W., M.B.) and Pharmaceutical Chemistry (M.M.S., P.K.), Faculty of Pharmacy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Department of Pharmacology (J.S., N.W.), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; Department of Laser Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (H.L.); and LWL-Laboratory (H.L.), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Horst Lemoine
- Institutes for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy (M.K., M.U., A.B., I.W., M.B.) and Pharmaceutical Chemistry (M.M.S., P.K.), Faculty of Pharmacy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Department of Pharmacology (J.S., N.W.), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; Department of Laser Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (H.L.); and LWL-Laboratory (H.L.), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nina Wettschureck
- Institutes for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy (M.K., M.U., A.B., I.W., M.B.) and Pharmaceutical Chemistry (M.M.S., P.K.), Faculty of Pharmacy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Department of Pharmacology (J.S., N.W.), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; Department of Laser Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (H.L.); and LWL-Laboratory (H.L.), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter Kolb
- Institutes for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy (M.K., M.U., A.B., I.W., M.B.) and Pharmaceutical Chemistry (M.M.S., P.K.), Faculty of Pharmacy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Department of Pharmacology (J.S., N.W.), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; Department of Laser Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (H.L.); and LWL-Laboratory (H.L.), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Moritz Bünemann
- Institutes for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy (M.K., M.U., A.B., I.W., M.B.) and Pharmaceutical Chemistry (M.M.S., P.K.), Faculty of Pharmacy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Department of Pharmacology (J.S., N.W.), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; Department of Laser Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (H.L.); and LWL-Laboratory (H.L.), Düsseldorf, Germany
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Francica BJ, Holtz A, Lopez J, Freund D, Chen A, Wang D, Powell D, Kipper F, Panigrahy D, Dubois RN, Whiting CC, Prasit P, Dubensky TW. Dual Blockade of EP2 and EP4 Signaling is Required for Optimal Immune Activation and Antitumor Activity Against Prostaglandin-Expressing Tumors. Cancer Res Commun 2023; 3:1486-1500. [PMID: 37559947 PMCID: PMC10408683 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
While the role of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in promoting malignant progression is well established, how to optimally block the activity of PGE2 signaling remains to be demonstrated. Clinical trials with prostaglandin pathway targeted agents have shown activity but without sufficient significance or dose-limiting toxicities that have prevented approval. PGE2 signals through four receptors (EP1-4) to modulate tumor progression. EP2 and EP4 signaling exacerbates tumor pathology and is immunosuppressive through potentiating cAMP production. EP1 and EP3 signaling has the opposite effect through increasing IP3 and decreasing cAMP. Using available small-molecule antagonists of single EP receptors, the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor celecoxib, or a novel dual EP2/EP4 antagonist generated in this investigation, we tested which approach to block PGE2 signaling optimally restored immunologic activity in mouse and human immune cells and antitumor activity in syngeneic, spontaneous, and xenograft tumor models. We found that dual antagonism of EP2 and EP4 together significantly enhanced the activation of PGE2-suppressed mouse and human monocytes and CD8+ T cells in vitro as compared with single EP antagonists. CD8+ T-cell activation was dampened by single EP1 and EP3 antagonists. Dual EP2/EP4 PGE2 receptor antagonists increased tumor microenvironment lymphocyte infiltration and significantly reduced disease burden in multiple tumor models, including in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC)min+/- spontaneous colorectal tumor model, compared with celecoxib. These results support a hypothesis that redundancy of EP2 and EP4 receptor signaling necessitates a therapeutic strategy of dual blockade of EP2 and EP4. Here we describe TPST-1495, a first-in-class orally available small-molecule dual EP2/EP4 antagonist. Significance Prostaglandin (PGE2) drives tumor progression but the pathway has not been effectively drugged. We demonstrate significantly enhanced immunologic potency and antitumor activity through blockade of EP2 and EP4 PGE2 receptor signaling together with a single molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anja Holtz
- Tempest Therapeutics, Brisbane, California
| | | | | | | | - Dingzhi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | | | - Franciele Kipper
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dipak Panigrahy
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Raymond N. Dubois
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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8
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Huang SM, Xiong MY, Liu L, Mu J, Wang MW, Jia YL, Cai K, Tie L, Zhang C, Cao S, Wen X, Wang JL, Guo SC, Li Y, Qu CX, He QT, Cai BY, Xue C, Gan S, Xie Y, Cong X, Yang Z, Kong W, Li S, Li Z, Xiao P, Yang F, Yu X, Guan YF, Zhang X, Liu Z, Yang BX, Du Y, Sun JP. Single hormone or synthetic agonist induces G s/G i coupling selectivity of EP receptors via distinct binding modes and propagating paths. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2216329120. [PMID: 37478163 PMCID: PMC10372679 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2216329120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
To accomplish concerted physiological reactions, nature has diversified functions of a single hormone at at least two primary levels: 1) Different receptors recognize the same hormone, and 2) different cellular effectors couple to the same hormone-receptor pair [R.P. Xiao, Sci STKE 2001, re15 (2001); L. Hein, J. D. Altman, B.K. Kobilka, Nature 402, 181-184 (1999); Y. Daaka, L. M. Luttrell, R. J. Lefkowitz, Nature 390, 88-91 (1997)]. Not only these questions lie in the heart of hormone actions and receptor signaling but also dissecting mechanisms underlying these questions could offer therapeutic routes for refractory diseases, such as kidney injury (KI) or X-linked nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI). Here, we identified that Gs-biased signaling, but not Gi activation downstream of EP4, showed beneficial effects for both KI and NDI treatments. Notably, by solving Cryo-electron microscope (cryo-EM) structures of EP3-Gi, EP4-Gs, and EP4-Gi in complex with endogenous prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)or two synthetic agonists and comparing with PGE2-EP2-Gs structures, we found that unique primary sequences of prostaglandin E2 receptor (EP) receptors and distinct conformational states of the EP4 ligand pocket govern the Gs/Gi transducer coupling selectivity through different structural propagation paths, especially via TM6 and TM7, to generate selective cytoplasmic structural features. In particular, the orientation of the PGE2 ω-chain and two distinct pockets encompassing agonist L902688 of EP4 were differentiated by their Gs/Gi coupling ability. Further, we identified common and distinct features of cytoplasmic side of EP receptors for Gs/Gi coupling and provide a structural basis for selective and biased agonist design of EP4 with therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen-Ming Huang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing100191, China
| | - Meng-Yao Xiong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing100191, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing100191, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong250012, China
| | - Jianqiang Mu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong518055, China
| | - Ming-Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong250012, China
| | - Ying-Li Jia
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing100191, China
| | - Kui Cai
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing100191, China
| | - Lu Tie
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing100191, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong250012, China
| | - Sheng Cao
- School of Medicine, Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong518172, China
| | - Xin Wen
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong250012, China
| | - Jia-Le Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing100191, China
| | - Sheng-Chao Guo
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong250012, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing100191, China
| | - Chang-Xiu Qu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing100191, China
| | - Qing-Tao He
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong250012, China
| | - Bo-Yang Cai
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing100191, China
| | - Chenyang Xue
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong518055, China
| | - Shiyi Gan
- School of Medicine, Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong518172, China
| | - Yihe Xie
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing100191, China
| | - Xin Cong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing100191, China
| | - Zhao Yang
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong250012, China
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing100191, China
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing100191, China
| | - Zijian Li
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Research, Beijing100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, Beijing100191, P. R. China
| | - Peng Xiao
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong250012, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong250012, China
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong250012, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong250012, China
| | - You-Fei Guan
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian116044, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian116044, China
| | - Zhongmin Liu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong518055, China
| | - Bao-Xue Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing100191, China
| | - Yang Du
- School of Medicine, Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong518172, China
| | - Jin-Peng Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing100191, China
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong250012, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, Beijing100191, P. R. China
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong250012, China
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Gu M, Yu Y, Xue M, Jiang J, Cai J. The discovery of cyclic γ-AApeptides as the promising ligands targeting EP2. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 87:129255. [PMID: 36965536 PMCID: PMC10141659 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
EP2 is a G protein-coupled receptor for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) derived from cell membrane-released arachidonic acid upon various harmful and injurious stimuli. It is commomly upregulated in tumors and injured brain tissues, as its activation by PGE2 is widely believed to be involved in the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these conditions via promoting pro-inflammatory reactions. Herein, we report the discovery of two novel macrocyclic peptidomimetics based on the screening of a cyclic γ-AApeptides combinatorial library. These two cyclic γ-AApeptides showed excellent binding affinity with the EP2 protein, and they may lead to the development of novel therapeutic agents and/or molecular probes to modulate the PGE2/EP2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Gu
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Drug Discovery Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Menglin Xue
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Jianxiong Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Drug Discovery Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
| | - Jianfeng Cai
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
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10
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Robb CT, Zhou Y, Felton JM, Zhang B, Goepp M, Jheeta P, Smyth DJ, Duffin R, Vermeren S, Breyer R, Narumiya S, McSorley HJ, Maizels RM, Schwarze JKJ, Rossi AG, Yao C. Metabolic regulation by prostaglandin E 2 impairs lung group 2 innate lymphoid cell responses. Allergy 2023; 78:714-730. [PMID: 36181709 PMCID: PMC10952163 DOI: 10.1111/all.15541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) play a critical role in asthma pathogenesis. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-exacerbated respiratory disease (NERD) is associated with reduced signaling via EP2, a receptor for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ). However, the respective roles for the PGE2 receptors EP2 and EP4 (both share same downstream signaling) in the regulation of lung ILC2 responses has yet been deciphered. METHODS The roles of PGE2 receptors EP2 and EP4 on ILC2-mediated lung inflammation were investigated using genetically modified mouse lines and pharmacological approaches in IL-33-induced lung allergy model. The effects of PGE2 receptors and downstream signals on ILC2 metabolic activation and effector function were examined using in vitro cell cultures. RESULTS Deficiency of EP2 rather than EP4 augments IL-33-induced mouse lung ILC2 responses and eosinophilic inflammation in vivo. In contrast, exogenous agonism of EP4 and EP2 or inhibition of phosphodiesterase markedly restricts IL-33-induced lung ILC2 responses. Mechanistically, PGE2 directly suppresses IL-33-dependent ILC2 activation through the EP2/EP4-cAMP pathway, which downregulates STAT5 and MYC pathway gene expression and ILC2 energy metabolism. Blocking glycolysis diminishes IL-33-dependent ILC2 responses in mice where endogenous PG synthesis or EP2 signaling is blocked but not in mice with intact PGE2 -EP2 signaling. CONCLUSION We have defined a mechanism for optimal suppression of mouse lung ILC2 responses by endogenous PGE2 -EP2 signaling which underpins the clinical findings of defective EP2 signaling in patients with NERD. Our findings also indicate that exogenously targeting the PGE2 -EP4-cAMP and energy metabolic pathways may provide novel opportunities for treating the ILC2-initiated lung inflammation in asthma and NERD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calum T. Robb
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research InstituteThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - You Zhou
- Systems Immunity University Research Institute and Division of Infection and ImmunityCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Jennifer M. Felton
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research InstituteThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Birong Zhang
- Systems Immunity University Research Institute and Division of Infection and ImmunityCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Marie Goepp
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research InstituteThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Privjyot Jheeta
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research InstituteThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Danielle J. Smyth
- Division of Cell Signaling and Immunology, School of Life SciencesWellcome Trust Building, University of DundeeDundeeUK
| | - Rodger Duffin
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research InstituteThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Sonja Vermeren
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research InstituteThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Richard M. Breyer
- Department of Veterans AffairsTennessee Valley Health AuthorityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Department of MedicineVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Shuh Narumiya
- Alliance Laboratory for Advanced Medical Research and Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Medical Innovation CenterKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Henry J. McSorley
- Division of Cell Signaling and Immunology, School of Life SciencesWellcome Trust Building, University of DundeeDundeeUK
| | - Rick M. Maizels
- Wellcome Centre for Molecular Parasitology, Institute for Infection, Immunity and InflammationUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Jürgen K. J. Schwarze
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research InstituteThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Adriano G. Rossi
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research InstituteThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Chengcan Yao
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research InstituteThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
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11
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Bödder J, Kok LM, Fauerbach JA, Flórez-Grau G, de Vries IJM. Tailored PGE2 Immunomodulation of moDCs by Nano-Encapsulated EP2/EP4 Antagonists. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021392. [PMID: 36674907 PMCID: PMC9866164 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is an important maturation mediator for dendritic cells (DCs). However, increased PGE2 levels in the tumor exert immunosuppressive effects on DCs by signaling through two E-Prostanoid (EP) receptors: EP2 and EP4. Blocking EP-receptor signaling of PGE2 with antagonists is currently being investigated for clinical applications to enhance anti-tumor immunity. In this study, we investigated a new delivery approach by encapsulating EP2/EP4 antagonists in polymeric nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were characterized for size, antagonist loading, and release. The efficacy of the encapsulated antagonists to block PGE2 signaling was analyzed using monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs). The obtained nanoparticles were sized between 210 and 260 nm. The encapsulation efficacy of the EP2/EP4 antagonists was 20% and 17%, respectively, and was further increased with the co-encapsulation of both antagonists. The treatment of moDCs with co-encapsulation EP2/EP4 antagonists prevented PGE2-induced co-stimulatory marker expression. Even though both antagonists showed a burst release within 15 min at 37 °C, the nanoparticles executed the immunomodulatory effects on moDCs. In summary, we demonstrate the functionality of EP2/EP4 antagonist-loaded nanoparticles to overcome PGE2 modulation of moDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Bödder
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Leanne M. Kok
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jonathan A. Fauerbach
- R&D Reagents, Chemical Biology Department, Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Georgina Flórez-Grau
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - I. Jolanda M. de Vries
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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12
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Arosh JA, Sivakumar KK, Lee J, Banu SK. Effects of selective inhibition of prostaglandin E2 receptors EP2 and EP4 on the miRNA profile in endometriosis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 558:111728. [PMID: 35944745 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent, progesterone-resistant, chronic inflammatory gynecological disease of reproductive-age women. Two major clinical symptoms of endometriosis are chronic pelvic pain and infertility, which profoundly affect the quality of life in women. Current hormonal therapies to induce a hypoestrogenic state are unsuccessful because of undesirable side effects, reproductive health concerns, and failure to prevent disease recurrence. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) plays an important role in the survival and growth of endometriotic lesions. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNAs that control gene expressions through multiple mechanisms and have important roles in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. The objective of the present study is to determine the effects of pharmacological inhibition of PGE2 receptors, EP2 and EP4, on miRNA profile in endometriosis. The novel results collectively indicate that inhibition of PGE2-EP2/EP4 signaling regulated several miRNA clusters associated with cell adhesion, migration, invasion, survival and growth in cell-specific and the chromosome-specific manner and reverses the epigenetic silencing of proapoptotic miRNAs 15a and 34c in the human endometriotic epithelial and stromal cells and experimental endometriotic lesions. Thus, selective inhibition of EP2/EP4 receptors could emerge as a potential nonsteroidal therapy for endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe A Arosh
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, TX, 77843, College Station, USA.
| | - Kirthiram K Sivakumar
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, TX, 77843, College Station, USA
| | - JeHoon Lee
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, TX, 77843, College Station, USA
| | - Sakhila K Banu
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, TX, 77843, College Station, USA
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13
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Matsumoto N, Singh N, Lee KS, Barnych B, Morisseau C, Hammock BD. The epoxy fatty acid pathway enhances cAMP in mammalian cells through multiple mechanisms. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2022; 162:106662. [PMID: 35779854 PMCID: PMC9530012 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2022.106662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The cellular mechanism by which epoxy fatty acids (EpFA) improves disease status is not well characterized. Previous studies suggest the involvement of cellular receptors and cyclic AMP (cAMP). Herein, the action of EpFAs derived from linoleic acid (LA), arachidonic acid (ARA), and docosahexaenoic acid on cAMP levels was studied in multiple cell types to elucidate relationships between EpFAs, receptors and cells' origin. cAMP levels were enhanced in HEK293 and LLC-PK1 cells by EpFAs from LA and ARA. Using selective antagonists, the EpFA effects on cAMP levels appear dependent on the prostaglandin E2 receptor 2 (EP2) but not 4 (EP4). Human coronary artery smooth muscle cells responded similarly to the EpFAs. However, we were not able to show the involvement of any of the receptors tested in this cell type. The results pinpointed distinct cell lines and receptor subtypes that natively respond to EpFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Matsumoto
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis CA, USA
| | - Nalin Singh
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis CA, USA
| | - Kin Sing Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing MI, USA
| | - Bogdan Barnych
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis CA, USA
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis CA, USA
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis CA, USA.
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14
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Thumkeo D, Punyawatthananukool S, Prasongtanakij S, Matsuura R, Arima K, Nie H, Yamamoto R, Aoyama N, Hamaguchi H, Sugahara S, Takeda S, Charoensawan V, Tanaka A, Sakaguchi S, Narumiya S. PGE 2-EP2/EP4 signaling elicits immunosuppression by driving the mregDC-Treg axis in inflammatory tumor microenvironment. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110914. [PMID: 35675777 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Active inflammation generally promotes immune activation. However, in the tumor microenvironment (TME), active inflammation occurs in parallel with immunosuppression, and both contribute to tumor growth. Why inflammation does not lead to immune activation in TME remains unclear. In this study, using the immune checkpoint inhibitor-insensitive mouse cancer model and single-cell RNA sequencing, we show that PGE2-EP2/EP4 signaling simultaneously promotes active inflammation by inducing expression of the NF-κB genes in myeloid cells and elicits immunosuppression by driving the mregDC (mature DC enriched in immunoregulatory molecules)-Treg (regulatory T cell) axis for Treg recruitment and activation in the tumor. Importantly, the EP2/EP4 expression level is strongly correlated with the gene signatures of both active inflammation and the mregDC-Treg axis and has significant prognosis value in various human cancers. Thus, PGE2-EP2/EP4 signaling functions as the key regulatory node linking active inflammation and immunosuppression in TME, which can be targeted by EP2 and EP4 antagonists for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Thumkeo
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Alliance Laboratory for Advanced Medical Research, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
| | | | - Somsak Prasongtanakij
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ryuma Matsuura
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kentaro Arima
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Huan Nie
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Rie Yamamoto
- Alliance Laboratory for Advanced Medical Research, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Naohiro Aoyama
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Hisao Hamaguchi
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Shingo Sugahara
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Shinobu Takeda
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Varodom Charoensawan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; System Biology of Diseases Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Integrative Computational BioScience (ICBS) Center, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Atsushi Tanaka
- Department of Experimental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shimon Sakaguchi
- Department of Experimental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shuh Narumiya
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Alliance Laboratory for Advanced Medical Research, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; AMED-FORCE, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Chiyoda, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan.
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15
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Khan M, Engström C, Bourghardt Fagman J, Smedh U, Lundholm K, Iresjö BM. Reduced tumor growth in EP2 knockout mice is related to signaling pathways favoring an increased local anti‑tumor immunity in the tumor stroma. Oncol Rep 2022; 47:118. [PMID: 35543149 PMCID: PMC9115633 DOI: 10.3892/or.2022.8329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory signaling through prostaglandin E2 receptor subtype 2 (EP2) is associated with malignant tumor growth in both experimental models and cancer patients. Thus, the absence of EP2 receptors in host tissues appears to reduce tumor growth and systemic inflammation by inducing major alterations in gene expression levels across tumor tissue compartments. However, it is not yet well‑established how signaling pathways in tumor tissue relate to simultaneous signaling alterations in the surrounding tumor‑stroma, at conditions of reduced disease progression due to decreased host inflammation. In the present study, wild‑type tumor cells, producing high levels of prostaglandin E2 (MCG 101 cells, EP2+/+), were inoculated into EP2 knockout (EP2‑/‑) and EP2 wild‑type (EP2+/+) mice. Solid tumors were dissected into tumor‑ and tumor‑stroma tissue compartments for RNA expression microarray screening, followed by metabolic pathway analyses. Immunohistochemistry was used to confirm adequate dissections of tissue compartments, and to assess cell proliferation (Ki‑67), prostaglandin enzymes (cyclooxygenase 2) and immunity biomarkers (CD4 and CD8) at the protein level. Microarray analyses revealed statistically significant alterations in gene expression in the tumor‑stroma compartment, while significantly less pathway alterations occurred in the tumor tissue compartment. The host knockout of EP2 receptors led to a significant downregulation of cell cycle regulatory factors in the tumor‑stroma compartment, while interferon γ‑related pathways, chemokine signaling pathways and anti‑tumor chemokines [chemokine (C‑X‑C motif) ligand 9 and 10] were upregulated in the tumor compartment. Thus, such gene alterations were likely related to reduced tumor growth in EP2‑deficient hosts. On the whole, pathway analyses of both tumor‑ and tumor‑stroma compartments suggested that absence of host EP2 receptor signaling reduces 'remodeling' of tumor microenvironments and increase local immunity, probably by decreased productions of stimulating growth factors, perhaps similar to well‑recognized physiological observations in wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Khan
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Engström
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Bourghardt Fagman
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Smedh
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kent Lundholm
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Britt-Marie Iresjö
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
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16
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Fuchs MAA, Schrankl J, Leupold C, Wagner C, Kurtz A, Broeker KAE. Intact prostaglandin signaling through EP2 and EP4 receptors in stromal progenitor cells is required for normal development of the renal cortex in mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2022; 322:F295-F307. [PMID: 35037469 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00414.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase (Cox) inhibitors are known to have severe side effects during renal development. These consist of reduced renal function, underdeveloped subcapsular glomeruli, interstitial fibrosis, and thinner cortical tissue. Global genetic deletion of Cox-2 mimics the phenotype observed after application of Cox inhibitors. This study aimed to investigate which cell types express Cox-2 and prostaglandin E2 receptors and what functions are mediated through this pathway during renal development. Expression of EP2 and EP4 mRNA was detected by RNAscope mainly in descendants of FoxD1+ stromal progenitors; EP1 and EP3, on the other hand, were expressed in tubules. Cox-2 mRNA was detected in medullary interstitial cells and macula densa cells. Functional investigations were performed with a cell-specific approach to delete Cox-2, EP2, and EP4 in FoxD1+ stromal progenitor cells. Our data show that Cox-2 expression in macula densa cells is sufficient to drive renal development. Deletion of EP2 or EP4 in FoxD1+ cells had no functional effect on renal development. Codeletion of EP2 and EP4 in FoxD1+ stromal cells, however, led to severe glomerular defects and a strong decline of glomerular filtration rate (1.316 ± 69.7 µL/min/100 g body wt in controls vs. 644.1 ± 64.58 µL/min/100 g body wt in FoxD1+/Cre EP2-/- EP4ff mice), similar to global deletion of Cox-2. Furthermore, EP2/EP4-deficient mice showed a significant increase in collagen production with a strong downregulation of renal renin expression. This study shows the distinct localization of EP receptors in mice. Functionally, we could identify EP2 and EP4 receptors in stromal FoxD1+ progenitor cells as essential receptor subtypes for normal renal development.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) produces prostaglandins that are essential for normal renal development. It is unclear in which cells Cox-2 and the receptors for prostaglandin E2 (EP receptors) are expressed during late nephrogenesis. This study identified the expression sites for EP subtypes and Cox-2 in neonatal mouse kidneys. Furthermore, it shows that stromal progenitor cells may require intact prostaglandin E2 signaling through EP2 and EP4 receptors for normal renal development.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cyclooxygenase 2/genetics
- Cyclooxygenase 2/metabolism
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Kidney Cortex/cytology
- Kidney Cortex/enzymology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Organogenesis
- Prostaglandins/metabolism
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype/genetics
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype/metabolism
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype/genetics
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Stem Cells/metabolism
- Stromal Cells/enzymology
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia Schrankl
- Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christina Leupold
- Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Wagner
- Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Armin Kurtz
- Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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17
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Goepp M, Crittenden S, Zhou Y, Rossi AG, Narumiya S, Yao C. Prostaglandin E 2 directly inhibits the conversion of inducible regulatory T cells through EP2 and EP4 receptors via antagonizing TGF-β signalling. Immunology 2021; 164:777-791. [PMID: 34529833 PMCID: PMC8561111 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells are essential for control of inflammatory processes by suppressing effector T-cell functions. The actions of PGE2 on the development and function of Treg cells, particularly under inflammatory conditions, are debated. In this study, we employed pharmacological and genetic approaches to examine whether PGE2 had a direct action on T cells to modulate de novo differentiation of Treg cells. We found that TGF-β-induced Foxp3 expression and iTreg cell differentiation in vitro is markedly inhibited by PGE2 , which was mediated by the receptors EP2 and EP4. Mechanistically, PGE2 -EP2/EP4 signalling interrupts TGF-β signalling during iTreg differentiation. Moreover, EP4 deficiency in T cells impaired iTreg cell differentiation in vivo. Thus, our results demonstrate that PGE2 negatively regulates iTreg cell differentiation through a direct action on T cells, highlighting the potential for selectively targeting the PGE2 -EP2/EP4 pathway to control T cell-mediated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Goepp
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute,The University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Siobhan Crittenden
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute,The University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - You Zhou
- Systems Immunity University Research Institute, and Division of Infection and ImmunityCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Adriano G Rossi
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute,The University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Shuh Narumiya
- Alliance Laboratory for Advanced Medical Research and Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Medical Innovation CenterKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Chengcan Yao
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute,The University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
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18
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Ida Y, Ichioka H, Furuhashi M, Hikage F, Watanabe M, Umetsu A, Ohguro H. Reactivities of a Prostanoid EP2 Agonist, Omidenepag, Are Useful for Distinguishing between 3D Spheroids of Human Orbital Fibroblasts without or with Graves' Orbitopathy. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113196. [PMID: 34831419 PMCID: PMC8622545 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. To obtain new insights into the activation of the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) receptors in human orbital fibroblasts (n-HOFs), the effects of the prostanoid EP2 agonist, omidenepag (OMD), and a rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, ripasudil (Rip) were evaluated using three-dimension (3D) n-HOFs spheroids in the absence and presence of the recombinant human TSH receptor antibodies, M22 and IGF-1. Methods. The effects of 100 nM OMD or 10 μM Rip on the physical properties, size, stiffness, and mRNA expression of several extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules, their regulator, inflammatory cytokines, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related factors were examined and compared among 3D spheroids of n-HOFs, M22-/IGF-1-activated n-HOFs and GO-related human orbital fibroblasts (GHOFs). Results. The physical properties and mRNA expressions of several genes of the 3D n-HOFs spheroids were significantly and diversely modulated by the presence of OMD or Rip. The OMD-induced effects on M22-/IGF-1-activated n-HOFs were similar to the effects caused by GHOHs, but quite different from those of n-HOFs. Conclusions. The findings presented herein indicate that the changes induced by OMD may be useful in distinguishing between n-HOFs and GHOFs.
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MESH Headings
- Cell Size/drug effects
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress/drug effects
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress/genetics
- Extracellular Matrix/genetics
- Extracellular Matrix/metabolism
- Fibroblasts/drug effects
- Fibroblasts/pathology
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Glycine/analogs & derivatives
- Glycine/pharmacology
- Graves Ophthalmopathy/diagnosis
- Graves Ophthalmopathy/genetics
- Graves Ophthalmopathy/pathology
- Humans
- Isoquinolines/pharmacology
- Orbit/pathology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Pyrazoles/pharmacology
- Pyridines/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/metabolism
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype/agonists
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype/metabolism
- Receptors, Thyrotropin/metabolism
- Spheroids, Cellular/drug effects
- Spheroids, Cellular/pathology
- Sulfonamides/pharmacology
- rho-Associated Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- rho-Associated Kinases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Ida
- Departments of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (H.I.); (F.H.); (M.W.); (A.U.); (H.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-11-611-2111; Fax: +81-11-613-6575
| | - Hanae Ichioka
- Departments of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (H.I.); (F.H.); (M.W.); (A.U.); (H.O.)
| | - Masato Furuhashi
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan;
| | - Fumihito Hikage
- Departments of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (H.I.); (F.H.); (M.W.); (A.U.); (H.O.)
| | - Megumi Watanabe
- Departments of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (H.I.); (F.H.); (M.W.); (A.U.); (H.O.)
| | - Araya Umetsu
- Departments of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (H.I.); (F.H.); (M.W.); (A.U.); (H.O.)
| | - Hiroshi Ohguro
- Departments of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (H.I.); (F.H.); (M.W.); (A.U.); (H.O.)
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19
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Liu B, Fu C, Cao J, Mao W, Zhang S, Li Q, Zhao J, Feng S. Proliferation of bovine endometrial epithelial cells is promoted by prostaglandin E 2-PTGER2 signaling through cell cycle regulation. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2021; 174:102362. [PMID: 34740034 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2021.102362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It is known that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) induces proliferation of epithelia in bovine endometrial explants, however, the detailed mechanism of regulation of PGE2 in inducing bovine endometrial epithelial cell (bEEC) proliferation is unclear. In this study, we determined whether proliferation of bEECs is promoted by PGE2-prostaglandin E receptor 2 (PTGER2) signaling activation through cell cycle regulation. The results demonstrated that bEECs proliferation was induced by treatment of PGE2 and PTGER2 agonist butaprost. These processes were down-regulated by PTGER2 antagonist AH6809 and CDK inhibitors (LEE011, CDK2 Inhibitor II and Ro 3306). PGE2 and butaprost induced cyclins (A, B1, D1, D3 and E2), cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs, 1, 2, 4 and 6), and epidermal growth factor (EGF) expression were inhibited by AH6809 treatment in bEECs. Moreover, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and PTGER2 expression in bEECs were up-regulated by PGE2 and butaprost treatment. Our data demonstrate that PGE2-PTGER2 signaling activation has a direct molecular association with cell cycle regulation and cell proliferation in bEECs. Collectively, these findings will improve our understanding of the roles for PGE2-PTGER2 signaling activation in the physiological and pharmacological processes of bovine endometrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Changqi Fu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Jinshan Cao
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Wei Mao
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Shuangyi Zhang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Qianru Li
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Jiamin Zhao
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Shuang Feng
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, 010018, Hohhot, China.
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20
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van Geffen C, Deißler A, Beer-Hammer S, Nürnberg B, Handgretinger R, Renz H, Hartl D, Kolahian S. Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Dampen Airway Inflammation Through Prostaglandin E2 Receptor 4. Front Immunol 2021; 12:695933. [PMID: 34322123 PMCID: PMC8311661 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.695933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests a mechanistic role for myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in lung diseases like asthma. Previously, we showed that adoptive transfer of MDSCs dampens lung inflammation in murine models of asthma through cyclooxygenase-2 and arginase-1 pathways. Here, we further dissected this mechanism by studying the role and therapeutic relevance of the downstream mediator prostaglandin E2 receptor 4 (EP4) in a murine model of asthma. We adoptively transferred MDSCs generated using an EP4 agonist in a murine model of asthma and studied the consequences on airway inflammation. Furthermore, pegylated human arginase-1 was used to model MDSC effector activities. We demonstrate that the selective EP4 agonist L-902,688 increased the number and suppressive activity of MDSCs through arginase-1 and nitric oxide synthase-2. These results showed that adoptive transfer of EP4-primed MDSCs, EP4 agonism alone or arginase-1 administration ameliorated lung inflammatory responses and histopathological changes in asthmatic mice. Collectively, our results provide evidence that MDSCs dampen airway inflammation in murine asthma through a mechanism involving EP4.
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MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer
- Animals
- Antigens, Dermatophagoides/immunology
- Arginase/metabolism
- Arginase/pharmacology
- Arthropod Proteins/immunology
- Asthma/immunology
- Asthma/metabolism
- Asthma/therapy
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Dinoprostone/pharmacology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Lung/drug effects
- Lung/immunology
- Lung/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells/drug effects
- Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells/immunology
- Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells/metabolism
- Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells/transplantation
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/metabolism
- Pneumonia/immunology
- Pneumonia/metabolism
- Pneumonia/therapy
- Pyroglyphidae/immunology
- Pyrrolidinones/pharmacology
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype/agonists
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype/metabolism
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype/agonists
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Tetrazoles/pharmacology
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiel van Geffen
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Astrid Deißler
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sandra Beer-Hammer
- Department of Pharmacology, Experimental Therapy & Toxicology and Interfaculty Center of Pharmacogenomics & Drug Research (IZePhA), University Hospitals and Clinics, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernd Nürnberg
- Department of Pharmacology, Experimental Therapy & Toxicology and Interfaculty Center of Pharmacogenomics & Drug Research (IZePhA), University Hospitals and Clinics, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rupert Handgretinger
- Children’s University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Harald Renz
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Hartl
- Department of Pediatrics I, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Translational Medicine, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Saeed Kolahian
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
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21
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Ogazon del Toro A, Jimenez L, Serrano Rubi M, Castillo A, Hinojosa L, Martinez Rendon J, Cereijido M, Ponce A. Prostaglandin E2 Enhances Gap Junctional Intercellular Communication in Clonal Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5813. [PMID: 34071686 PMCID: PMC8198183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandins are a group of lipids that produce diverse physiological and pathological effects. Among them, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) stands out for the wide variety of functions in which it participates. To date, there is little information about the influence of PGE2 on gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) in any type of tissue, including epithelia. In this work, we set out to determine whether PGE2 influences GJIC in epithelial cells (MDCK cells). To this end, we performed dye (Lucifer yellow) transfer assays to compare GJIC of MDCK cells treated with PGE2 and untreated cells. Our results indicated that (1) PGE2 induces a statistically significant increase in GJIC from 100 nM and from 15 min after its addition to the medium, (2) such effect does not require the synthesis of new mRNA or proteins subunits but rather trafficking of subunits already synthesized, and (3) such effect is mediated by the E2 receptor, which, in turn, triggers a signaling pathway that includes activation of adenylyl cyclase and protein kinase A (PKA). These results widen the knowledge regarding modulation of gap junctional intercellular communication by prostaglandins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Arturo Ponce
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, CINVESTAV-IPN, CDMX, México C.P. 07360, Mexico; (A.O.d.T.); (L.J.); (M.S.R.); (A.C.); (L.H.); (J.M.R.); (M.C.)
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22
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Zhang YL, Liu W, Xu JB, Sun Q, Qiu ZE, Chen L, Huang J, Zhu YX, Zhou WL. Prostaglandin E 2 stimulates anion and fluid secretion triggered by lipopolysaccharide in rat vaginal epithelium. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 526:111219. [PMID: 33610642 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a principal lipid mediator mediating various biological processes including immune responses and fluid secretion. As the first line of host defense against infection, vaginal epithelium plays orchestrated roles in vaginal innate immunity. However, the effect of PGE2 triggered by pro-inflammatory stimuli on vaginal epithelium remains elusive. This study aimed to investigate the regulatory role of PGE2 on vaginal epithelium after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. RT-PCR and western blot analysis revealed that E-prostanoid (EP) receptors EP2 and EP4 were expressed in rat vagina. Basolateral application of PGE2 induced anion secretion mediated by cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) via EP-adenylate cyclase-cAMP signaling pathway in rat vaginal epithelial cells. The in vivo study showed that PGE2 promoted fluid secretion in rat vagina. Moreover, LPS stimulation facilitated cyclooxygenase-dependent PGE2 synthesis and vaginal fluid secretion in vivo. Conclusively, LPS stimulation triggered epithelium-derived PGE2 production in vaginal epithelium, leading to CFTR-mediated anion secretion and luminal flushing. This study provides valuable insights into the physiological role of PGE2 during vaginal bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lin Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Wen Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian-Bang Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute for Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhuo-Er Qiu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiehong Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Yun-Xin Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen-Liang Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
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Rojas A, Amaradhi R, Banik A, Jiang C, Abreu-Melon J, Wang S, Dingledine R, Ganesh T. A Novel Second-Generation EP2 Receptor Antagonist Reduces Neuroinflammation and Gliosis After Status Epilepticus in Rats. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:1207-1225. [PMID: 33410110 PMCID: PMC8423966 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-020-00969-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2), an important mediator of inflammation, achieves its functions via four different G protein-coupled receptors (EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4). We previously demonstrated that the EP2 receptor plays a proinflammatory and neurodegenerative role after status epilepticus (SE). We recently developed TG8-260 as a second-generation highly potent and selective EP2 antagonist. Here, we investigate whether TG8-260 is anti-inflammatory and combats neuropathology caused by pilocarpine-induced SE in rats. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected subcutaneously with pilocarpine (380-400 mg/kg) to induce SE. Following 60 min of SE, the rats were administered three doses of TG8-260 or vehicle and were allowed to recover. Neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, gliosis, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity were examined 4 days after SE. The results confirmed that pilocarpine-induced SE results in hippocampal neurodegeneration and a robust inflammatory response that persists days after SE. Furthermore, inhibition of the EP2 receptor by TG8-260 administered beginning 2 h after SE significantly reduced hippocampal neuroinflammation and gliosis but, in distinction to the earlier generation EP2 antagonist, did not mitigate neuronal injury or BBB breakdown. Thus, attenuation of neuroinflammation and gliosis is a common feature of EP2 inhibition following SE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asheebo Rojas
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University, 1510 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Radhika Amaradhi
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University, 1510 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Avijit Banik
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University, 1510 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Chunxiang Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University, 1510 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - JuanMartin Abreu-Melon
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University, 1510 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Sarah Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University, 1510 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Raymond Dingledine
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University, 1510 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Thota Ganesh
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University, 1510 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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24
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Karaki SI, Tanaka R. Role of PGE 2 in colonic motility: PGE 2 attenuates spontaneous contractions of circular smooth muscle via EP 4 receptors in the rat colon. J Physiol Sci 2021; 71:8. [PMID: 33622238 PMCID: PMC10717948 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-021-00791-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Colonic motor activity is important for the formation and propulsion of feces. The production of prostaglandins (PGs) in colonic tissue is considered to play a critical role in the generation and regulation of colonic motility. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of PGE2 and selective agonists of four EP receptors on the spontaneous phasic contractions, called 'giant contractions' (GCs), of mucosa-free circular smooth muscle strips from the rat middle colon. Neural blockade with tetrodotoxin (TTX) increased the frequency and amplitude of the GCs by about twofold. However, inhibiting PG production with piroxicam reduced the GC frequency in the presence of TTX, but did not affect the GC amplitude. In the presence of both TTX and piroxicam, exogenous PGE2 and each EP receptor agonist were cumulatively added to the tissue bath. In this setting, PGE2, the EP2 agonist ONO-AE1-259, and the EP4 agonist ONO-AE1-329, but not the EP1 agonist ONO-AE-DI-004 or the EP3 agonist ONO-AE-248, concentration-dependently reduced the GC frequency and amplitude. The PGE2-induced inhibition of GC frequency and amplitude was inhibited by the EP4 antagonist ONO-AE3-208, but not by the EP1/2 antagonist AH6809. Immunohistochemistry revealed the EP2 and EP4 receptors were localized in perinuclear sites in circular smooth muscle cells. EP2 immunoreactivity was also located in GFAP-immunoreactive enteroglia, whereas EP4 immunoreactivity was also located in HU (embryonic lethal, abnormal vision [ELAV] protein; a marker of all myenteric neurons)-immunoreactive myenteric nerve cell bodies. These results suggest that the PGs produced in the colonic tissue inhibit the GC frequency and amplitude of circular muscle in the rat middle colon, and is mediated by EP4 receptors expressed in the smooth muscle cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carbachol/pharmacology
- Cholinergic Agonists/pharmacology
- Colon/drug effects
- Colon/physiology
- Dinoprostone/pharmacology
- Gastrointestinal Motility/physiology
- Immunohistochemistry
- Male
- Muscle, Smooth/drug effects
- Piroxicam/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP1 Subtype
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype/agonists
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype/metabolism
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP3 Subtype
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype/agonists
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype/metabolism
- Sodium Channel Blockers/pharmacology
- Tetrodotoxin/pharmacology
- Zebrafish Proteins
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichiro Karaki
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Environmental Life Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Ryo Tanaka
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Environmental Life Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
- Testing and Research Laboratories, HAMRI Co., Ltd., 2654-3 Osaki, Koga, Ibaraki, 306-0101, Japan
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25
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Bonavita E, Bromley CP, Jonsson G, Pelly VS, Sahoo S, Walwyn-Brown K, Mensurado S, Moeini A, Flanagan E, Bell CR, Chiang SC, Chikkanna-Gowda CP, Rogers N, Silva-Santos B, Jaillon S, Mantovani A, Reis e Sousa C, Guerra N, Davis DM, Zelenay S. Antagonistic Inflammatory Phenotypes Dictate Tumor Fate and Response to Immune Checkpoint Blockade. Immunity 2020; 53:1215-1229.e8. [PMID: 33220234 PMCID: PMC7772804 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation can support or restrain cancer progression and the response to therapy. Here, we searched for primary regulators of cancer-inhibitory inflammation through deep profiling of inflammatory tumor microenvironments (TMEs) linked to immune-dependent control in mice. We found that early intratumoral accumulation of interferon gamma (IFN-γ)-producing natural killer (NK) cells induced a profound remodeling of the TME and unleashed cytotoxic T cell (CTL)-mediated tumor eradication. Mechanistically, tumor-derived prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) acted selectively on EP2 and EP4 receptors on NK cells, hampered the TME switch, and enabled immune evasion. Analysis of patient datasets across human cancers revealed distinct inflammatory TME phenotypes resembling those associated with cancer immune control versus escape in mice. This allowed us to generate a gene-expression signature that integrated opposing inflammatory factors and predicted patient survival and response to immune checkpoint blockade. Our findings identify features of the tumor inflammatory milieu associated with immune control of cancer and establish a strategy to predict immunotherapy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Bonavita
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, UK
| | - Christian P Bromley
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, UK
| | - Gustav Jonsson
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Victoria S Pelly
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, UK
| | - Sudhakar Sahoo
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, UK
| | - Katherine Walwyn-Brown
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sofia Mensurado
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Agrin Moeini
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, UK
| | - Eimear Flanagan
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, UK
| | - Charlotte R Bell
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, UK
| | - Shih-Chieh Chiang
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, UK
| | - C P Chikkanna-Gowda
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, UK
| | | | - Bruno Silva-Santos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sebastien Jaillon
- Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Nadia Guerra
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel M Davis
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Santiago Zelenay
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, UK.
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26
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Peng L, Ye Y, Mullikin H, Lin L, Kuhn C, Rahmeh M, Mahner S, Jeschke U, von Schönfeldt V. Expression of trophoblast derived prostaglandin E2 receptor 2 (EP2) is reduced in patients with recurrent miscarriage and EP2 regulates cell proliferation and expression of inflammatory cytokines. J Reprod Immunol 2020; 142:103210. [PMID: 33011635 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2020.103210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUD Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), an inflammatory mediator, modulates cytokines, regulates immune responses in reproductive processes and stimulates inflammatory reactions via the prostaglandin E2 receptor 2 (EP2). However, the regulatory effects of EP2 signaling on trophoblasts and its role in unexplained recurrent miscarriage (uRM) remains unclear. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 19 placentas from patients with a history of more than two consecutive pregnancy losses of unknown cause (uRM group) and placentas of 19 healthy patients following a legal termination of their pregnancy were used for PGE2 receptor (EP1, EP2 and EP4) expression analyses via immunohistochemistry. Double immunofluorescence was also used to identify EP2 expressing cells in the decidua. Finally, HTR-8/SVneo cells were used to clarify the role of EP2 in in vitro experiments. RESULTS The expression of EP2 and EP4 was found to be reduced in the syncytiotrophoblast and decidua of uRM patients. A selective EP2 receptor antagonist (PF-04,418,948) reduced the proliferation and secretion of ß-hCG, inhibited interleukin -6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) and up-regulated the production of the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) in HTR-8/SVneo cells in vitro. CONCLUSION PGE2-EP2 signaling pathway may represent a novel therapy option for uRM. The involvement of EP2 in uRM acts perhaps via inflammatory cytokines and indicates that the PGE2-EP2 signaling pathway might represent an unexplored etiology for uRM.
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MESH Headings
- Abortion, Habitual/immunology
- Adult
- Cell Line
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Decidua/immunology
- Decidua/metabolism
- Dinoprostone/metabolism
- Down-Regulation/immunology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/immunology
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Middle Aged
- Pregnancy
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype/analysis
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype/genetics
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype/metabolism
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype/analysis
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype/genetics
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- Trophoblasts/drug effects
- Trophoblasts/immunology
- Trophoblasts/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Peng
- LMU Munich, University Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Southwest Medical University, Taiping Rd. 25, Luzhou 646100, China
| | - Yao Ye
- LMU Munich, University Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fu Dan University School of Medicine, Fenglin Rd. 180, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Heather Mullikin
- LMU Munich, University Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - LiLi Lin
- LMU Munich, University Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Kuhn
- LMU Munich, University Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Rahmeh
- LMU Munich, University Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Sven Mahner
- LMU Munich, University Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Udo Jeschke
- LMU Munich, University Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; University Hospital Augsburg, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Stenglinstr. 2, Augsburg 86156, Germany.
| | - Viktoria von Schönfeldt
- LMU Munich, University Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
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27
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Wu F, Yang H, Liu Y, Yang X, Xu B, Liu W, Xu Z, Deng Y. Manganese exposure caused reproductive toxicity of male mice involving activation of GnRH secretion in the hypothalamus by prostaglandin E2 receptors EP1 and EP2. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 201:110712. [PMID: 32502905 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to manganese (Mn) can cause male reproductive damage and lead to abnormal secretion of sex hormones. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) plays an important role in the neuromodulation of vertebrate reproduction. Astrocytes can indirectly regulate the secretion of GnRH by binding paracrine prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) specifically to the EP1 and EP2 receptors on GnRH neurons. Prior studies assessed the abnormal secretion of GnRH caused by Mn exposure, but the specific mechanism has not been reported in detail. This study investigated the effects of Mn exposure on the reproductive system of male mice to clarify the role of PGE2 in the abnormal secretion of GnRH in the hypothalamus caused by exposure to Mn. Our data demonstrate that antagonizing the EP1 and EP2 receptors of PGE2 can restore abnormal levels of GnRH caused by Mn exposure. Mn exposure causes reduced sperm count and sperm shape deformities. These findings suggest that EP1 and EP2, the receptors of PGE2, may be the key to abnormal GnRH secretion caused by Mn exposure. Antagonizing the PGE2 receptors may reduce reproductive damage caused by Mn exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengdi Wu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China; Department of Medical, Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Yang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China; Department of Occupational Diseases, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Yang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaofa Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.
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28
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Kwon H, Yang Y, Kumar S, Lee DW, Bajracharya P, Calkins TL, Kim Y, Pietrantonio PV. Characterization of the first insect prostaglandin (PGE 2) receptor: MansePGE 2R is expressed in oenocytoids and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) increases transcript expression. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 117:103290. [PMID: 31790798 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2019.103290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In arthropods, eicosanoids derived from the oxygenated metabolism of arachidonic acid are significant in mediating immune responses. However, the lack of information about insect eicosanoid receptors is an obstacle to completely decipher immune mechanisms underlying both eicosanoid downstream signal cascades and their relationship to immune pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Here, we cloned and sequenced a G protein-coupled receptor (MW 46.16 kDa) from the model lepidopteran, Manduca sexta (Sphingidae). The receptor shares similarity of amino acid motifs to human prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) receptors, and phylogenetic analysis supports its classification as a prostaglandin receptor. In agreement, the recombinant receptor was activated by PGE2 resulting in intracellular cAMP increase, and therefore designated MansePGE2R. Expression of MansePGE2R in Sf9 cells in which the endogenous orthologous receptor had been silenced showed similar cAMP increase upon PGE2 challenge. Receptor transcript expression was identified in various tissues in larvae and female adults, including Malpighian tubules, fat body, gut and hemocytes, and in female ovaries. In addition to the cDNA cloned that encodes the functional receptor, an mRNA was found featuring the poly-A tail but lacking the predicted transmembrane (TM) regions 2 and 3, suggesting the possibility that internally deleted receptor proteins exist in insects. Immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization revealed that among hemocytes, the receptor was exclusively localized in the oenocytoids. Larval immune challenges injecting bacterial components showed that lipoteichoic acid (LTA) increased MansePGE2R expression in hemocytes. In contrast, injection of LPS or peptidoglycan did not increase MansePGE2R transcript levels in hemocytes, suggesting the LTA-associated increase in receptor transcript is regulated through a distinct pathway. This study provides the first characterization of an eicosanoid receptor in insects, and paves the way for establishing the hierarchy in signaling steps required for establishing insect immune responses to infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeogsun Kwon
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2475, USA.
| | - Yunlong Yang
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2475, USA.
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Plant Medicals, College of Life Sciences, Andong National University, Andong, 36729, South Korea.
| | - Dae-Weon Lee
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2475, USA.
| | - Prati Bajracharya
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2475, USA.
| | - Travis L Calkins
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2475, USA.
| | - Yonggyun Kim
- Department of Plant Medicals, College of Life Sciences, Andong National University, Andong, 36729, South Korea.
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29
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Campbell MLH, Peachey L, Callan L, Wathes DC, de Mestre AM. Cyclical cervical function in the mare involves remodelling of collagen content, which is correlated with modification of oestrogen receptor 1 abundance. Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 210:106192. [PMID: 31635778 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.106192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to elucidate mare cervical dilation mechanisms by testing two hypotheses: (i) the proportion of collagen staining in histological samples of mare cervices and (ii) the abundance of hormone receptors in the equine cervix differ with stage of the oestrous cycle and site within the cervix. Tissues and jugular vein blood samples were collected from 15 mares. Collagen content was assessed using Masson's Trichome staining. Receptor abundance was assessed using RT-PCR, qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. In sub-epithelial stroma, there was less collagen during the follicular than luteal phase, in the caudal- (P = 0.029), mid- (P = 0.0000) and cranial (P = 0.001) cervical tissue. In the deep stroma, there was less collagen staining during the follicular stage in the mid- (P = 0.004) and cranial- (P = 0.041) cervical regions. There were PTGER2, PTGER3, PGR and ESR1 mRNA transcripts in the cervix. A greater proportion of cells were positive for ESR1 protein during the follicular phase in sub-epithelial (P = 0.019) and deep (P = 0.013) stroma. The abundance of ESR1 in the epithelium was negatively correlated with collagen staining in sub-epithelial (P = 0.007) and deep (P = 0.005) stroma. The results of the study provide new information about the cervical biology of mares by increasing the knowledge about collagen content and the relationship between collagen content and ESR1 protein abundance during the oestrous cycle which indicates the ESR1 receptor is a candidate for involvement in control of cervical dilation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cervix Uteri/physiology
- Cloning, Molecular
- Collagen/physiology
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- DNA, Complementary/metabolism
- Estrogen Receptor alpha/genetics
- Estrogen Receptor alpha/metabolism
- Estrogen Receptor beta/genetics
- Estrogen Receptor beta/metabolism
- Estrous Cycle/physiology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation/physiology
- Horses
- Labor Stage, First/physiology
- Luteinizing Hormone/genetics
- Luteinizing Hormone/metabolism
- Pregnancy
- Progesterone/metabolism
- RNA/genetics
- RNA/metabolism
- Receptors, FSH/genetics
- Receptors, FSH/metabolism
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype/genetics
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype/metabolism
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP3 Subtype/genetics
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP3 Subtype/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- M L H Campbell
- The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Herts, AL9 7TA, UK; Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, UK.
| | - L Peachey
- The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Herts, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - L Callan
- The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Herts, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - D C Wathes
- The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Herts, AL9 7TA, UK; Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, UK
| | - A M de Mestre
- The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Herts, AL9 7TA, UK; Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, UK
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30
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Adame-García SR, Cervantes-Villagrana RD, Orduña-Castillo LB, Del Rio JC, Gutkind JS, Reyes-Cruz G, Taylor SS, Vázquez-Prado J. cAMP-dependent activation of the Rac guanine exchange factor P-REX1 by type I protein kinase A (PKA) regulatory subunits. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:2232-2246. [PMID: 30530493 PMCID: PMC6378977 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory subunits of protein kinase A (PKA) inhibit its kinase subunits. Intriguingly, their potential as cAMP-dependent signal transducers remains uncharacterized. We recently reported that type I PKA regulatory subunits (RIα) interact with phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent Rac exchange factor 1 (P-REX1), a chemotactic Rac guanine exchange factor (RacGEF). Because P-REX1 is known to be phosphorylated and inhibited by PKA, its interaction with RIα suggests that PKA regulatory and catalytic subunits may fine-tune P-REX1 activity or those of its target pools. Here, we tested whether RIα acts as a cAMP-dependent factor promoting P-REX1-mediated Rac activation and cell migration. We observed that Gs-coupled EP2 receptors indeed promote endothelial cell migration via RIα-activated P-REX1. Expression of the P-REX1-PDZ1 domain prevented RIα/P-REX1 interaction, P-REX1 activation, and EP2-dependent cell migration, and P-REX1 silencing abrogated RIα-dependent Rac activation. RIα-specific cAMP analogs activated P-REX1, but lost this activity in RIα-knockdown cells, and cAMP pulldown assays revealed that P-REX1 preferentially interacts with free RIα. Moreover, purified RIα directly activated P-REX1 in vitro We also found that the RIα CNB-B domain is critical for the interaction with P-REX1, which was increased in RIα mutants, such as the acrodysostosis-associated mutant, that activate P-REX1 at basal cAMP levels. RIα and Cα PKA subunits targeted distinct P-REX1 molecules, indicated by an absence of phosphorylation in the active fraction of P-REX1. This was in contrast to the inactive fraction in which phosphorylated P-REX1 was present, suggesting co-existence of dual stimulatory and inhibitory effects. We conclude that PKA's regulatory subunits are cAMP-dependent signal transducers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Susan S Taylor
- the Departments of Pharmacology
- Chemistry and
- Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - José Vázquez-Prado
- Pharmacology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV-IPN), 07360 Mexico City, Mexico and
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Rusznak M, Peebles RS. Prostaglandin E2 in NSAID-exacerbated respiratory disease: protection against cysteinyl leukotrienes and group 2 innate lymphoid cells. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 19:38-45. [PMID: 30516547 PMCID: PMC6296891 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to describe the recent advances that have been made in understanding the protective role of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD), known in Europe as NSAID-exacerbated respiratory disease (N-ERD). RECENT FINDINGS Decreased PGE2 signaling through the EP2 receptor in patients with AERD leads to an increase in leukotriene synthesis and signaling. Leukotriene signaling not only directly activates group 2 innate lymphoid cells and mast cells, but it also increases production of IL-33 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin. These cytokines drive Th2 inflammation in a suspected feed-forward mechanism in patients with AERD. SUMMARY Recent discoveries concerning the role of PGE2 in leukotriene synthesis and signaling in AERD, as well as downstream effects on group 2 innate lymphoid cells and mast cells, allow for a more comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease. These discoveries also identify new paths of potential investigation and possible therapeutic targets for AERD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Rusznak
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Wang M, Wang Y, Xie T, Zhan P, Zou J, Nie X, Shao J, Zhuang M, Tan C, Tan J, Dai Y, Sun J, Li J, Li Y, Shi Q, Leng J, Wang X, Yao Y. Prostaglandin E 2/EP 2 receptor signalling pathway promotes diabetic retinopathy in a rat model of diabetes. Diabetologia 2019; 62:335-348. [PMID: 30411254 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4755-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Diabetic retinopathy is a common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus and is initiated by inflammation and apoptosis-associated retinal endothelial cell damage. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) has emerged as a critical regulator of these biological processes. We hypothesised that modulating PGE2 and its E-prostanoid receptor (EP2R) would prevent diabetes mellitus-induced inflammation and microvascular dysfunction. METHODS In a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced rat model of diabetes, rats received intravitreal injection of PGE2, butaprost (a PGE2/EP2R agonist) or AH6809 (an EP2R antagonist). Retinal histology, optical coherence tomography, ultrastructure of the retinal vascular and biochemical markers were assessed. RESULTS Intravitreal injection of PGE2 and butaprost significantly accelerated retinal vascular leakage, leucostasis and endothelial cell apoptosis in STZ-induced diabetic rats. This response was ameliorated in diabetic rats pre-treated with AH6809. In addition, pre-treatment of human retinal microvascular endothelial cells with AH6809 attenuated PGE2- and butaprost-induced activation of caspase 1, activation of the complex containing nucleotide-binding domain and leucine rich repeat containing family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a C-terminal caspase-activation and recruitment domain (ASC), and activation of the EP2R-coupled cAMP/protein kinase A/cAMP response element-binding protein signalling pathway. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The PGE2/EP2R signalling pathway is involved in STZ-induced diabetic retinopathy and could be considered as a potential target for diabetic retinopathy prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangningzhi Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianhua Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Zhan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zou
- Center of Clinical Research, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Nie
- Center of Clinical Research, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Wuxi Institute of Translational Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Zhuang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengye Tan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Tan
- Center of Clinical Research, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Youai Dai
- Center of Clinical Research, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Sun
- Center of Clinical Research, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiantao Li
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuehua Li
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Shi
- Yixing Eye Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Leng
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolu Wang
- Center of Clinical Research, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- Wuxi Institute of Translational Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yong Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Lee J, Aoki T, Thumkeo D, Siriwach R, Yao C, Narumiya S. T cell-intrinsic prostaglandin E 2-EP2/EP4 signaling is critical in pathogenic T H17 cell-driven inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 143:631-643. [PMID: 29935220 PMCID: PMC6354914 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IL-23 is the key cytokine for generation of pathogenic IL-17-producing helper T (TH17) cells, which contribute critically to autoimmune diseases. However, how IL-23 generates pathogenic TH17 cells remains to be elucidated. OBJECTIVES We sought to examine the involvement, molecular mechanisms, and clinical implications of prostaglandin (PG) E2-EP2/EP4 signaling in induction of IL-23-driven pathogenic TH17 cells. METHODS The role of PGE2 in induction of pathogenic TH17 cells was investigated in mouse TH17 cells in culture in vitro and in an IL-23-induced psoriasis mouse model in vivo. Clinical relevance of the findings in mice was examined by using gene expression profiling of IL-23 and PGE2-EP2/EP4 signaling in psoriatic skin from patients. RESULTS IL-23 induces Ptgs2, encoding COX2 in TH17 cells, and produces PGE2, which acts back on the PGE receptors EP2 and EP4 in these cells and enhances IL-23-induced expression of an IL-23 receptor subunit gene, Il23r, by activating signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3, cAMP-responsive element binding protein 1, and nuclear factor κ light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) through cyclic AMP-protein kinase A signaling. This PGE2 signaling also induces expression of various inflammation-related genes, which possibly function in TH17 cell-mediated pathology. Combined deletion of EP2 and EP4 selectively in T cells suppressed accumulation of IL-17A+ and IL-17A+IFN-γ+ pathogenic Th17 cells and abolished skin inflammation in an IL-23-induced psoriasis mouse model. Analysis of human psoriatic skin biopsy specimens shows positive correlation between PGE2 signaling and the IL-23/TH17 pathway. CONCLUSIONS T cell-intrinsic EP2/EP4 signaling is critical in IL-23-driven generation of pathogenic TH17 cells and consequent pathogenesis in the skin.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Cyclic AMP/metabolism
- Dinoprostone/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Humans
- Imiquimod
- Inflammation/immunology
- Interleukin-23/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Psoriasis/immunology
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype/genetics
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype/metabolism
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype/genetics
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Th17 Cells/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinju Lee
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto, Japan; Kyoto University, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Aoki
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto, Japan; Center for Innovation in Immunoregulation Technology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Dean Thumkeo
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto, Japan; Center for Innovation in Immunoregulation Technology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ratklao Siriwach
- Center for Innovation in Immunoregulation Technology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chengcan Yao
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
| | - Shuh Narumiya
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto, Japan; Center for Innovation in Immunoregulation Technology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
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Kordulewska NK, Cieślińska A, Fiedorowicz E, Jarmołowska B, Kostyra E. High Expression of IL-1RI and EP₂ Receptors in the IL-1β/COX-2 Pathway, and a New Alternative to Non-Steroidal Drugs-Osthole in Inhibition COX-2. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E186. [PMID: 30620999 PMCID: PMC6337662 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osthole (7-methoxy-8-isopentenylcoumarin) is natural coumarin isolated from the fruit of Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cusson, which is commonly used in medical practice of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in various diseases including allergies and asthma disorders. PURPOSE Osthole was tested for the anti-histamine, anti-allergic, and inhibitory effects of COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2) in children with diagnosed allergies. Additionally, we hypothesize that stated alterations in children with diagnosed allergies including increased expression of interleukin 1-β receptor type 1 (IL-1 type I) and E-prostanoid (EP) 2 receptors, as well as raised expression, production, and activity of COX-2 and IL-1β in incubated medium are approximately connected. Furthermore, we establish the mechanisms included in the changed regulation of the COX-2 pathway and determine whether osthole may be COX-2 inhibitor in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). METHOD PBMCs were obtained from peripheral blood of healthy children (control, n = 28) and patients with diagnosed allergies (allergy, n = 30). Expression of the autocrine loop components regulating PGE₂ production and signaling namely IL-1 type I receptor (IL-1RI), cyclooksygenaze-2 (COX-2), E-prostanoid (EP) 2, and also histamine receptor-1 (HRH-1) was assessed at baseline and after stimulation with histamine, osthole, and a mixture of histamine/osthole 1:2 (v/v). This comprised the expression of histamine receptor 1 (HRH-1), IL-1RI, COX-2, EP₂ receptor, and the secretion of IL-1β and COX-2 in cultured media and sera. RESULTS Compared with control group, basal mRNA expression levels of HRH-1, IL-1RI, COX-2, and EP₂ were higher in the allergy group. Histamine-induced EP₂ and COX-2 expression mRNA levels were also increased. CONCLUSIONS Osthole successively inhibits PGE₂ and COX-2 mRNA expression. Furthermore, osthole reduces the secretion of COX-2 protein in signaling cellular mechanisms. Changed EP₂ expression in children with allergies provides higher IL-1RI induction, increasing IL-1β capacity to increase COX-2 expression. This effects in higher PGE₂ production, which in turn increases its capability to induce IL-1RI.
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MESH Headings
- Case-Control Studies
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Coumarins/chemistry
- Coumarins/pharmacology
- Cyclooxygenase 2/metabolism
- Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Histamine/chemistry
- Histamine/pharmacology
- Humans
- Hypersensitivity/genetics
- Hypersensitivity/pathology
- Interleukin-1beta/metabolism
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Male
- Models, Biological
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Histamine H1/genetics
- Receptors, Histamine H1/metabolism
- Receptors, Interleukin-1 Type I/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin-1 Type I/metabolism
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype/genetics
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Karolina Kordulewska
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 1A Street, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Anna Cieślińska
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 1A Street, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Ewa Fiedorowicz
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 1A Street, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Beata Jarmołowska
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 1A Street, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Kostyra
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 1A Street, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
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Zhang B, He L, Liu Y, Zhang J, Zeng Q, Wang S, Fan Z, Fang F, Chen L, Lv Y, Xi J, Yue W, Li Y, Pei X. Prostaglandin E 2 Is Required for BMP4-Induced Mesoderm Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 10:905-919. [PMID: 29478896 PMCID: PMC5919771 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The accurate control of early cell fate specification during differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) is critical for acquiring pure therapeutic cell populations of interest. Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) is a key mesoderm inducer from ESCs. However, the molecular mechanism of the mesodermal cell fate decision induced by BMP4 remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate the requirement of a bioactive lipid, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), for the mesoderm specification from hESCs by BMP4 induction. We show that BMP4 directly regulates the expression of the key enzyme for PGE2 synthesis, COX-1, and promotes PGE2 production. More importantly, in the absence of BMP4, forced COX-1 expression or PGE2 treatment is sufficient to initiate mesoderm specification of hESCs by activation of EP2-PKA signaling and modulation of nuclear translocation of β-catenin. Together, our findings provide insights into the critical role of BMP regulation of PGE2 synthesis and its downstream signaling in initiating mesoderm commitment of hESCs. COX-1 and PGE2 played pivotal roles in the mesoderm specification of hESCs Specific inhibition of COX-1 suppressed mesoderm differentiation of hESCs BMP4 directly upregulated the transcription of the COX-1 PGE2 stimulated differentiation mainly via the EP2-PKA-GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Zhang
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, SCIB, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Lijuan He
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, SCIB, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Yiming Liu
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, SCIB, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, SCIB, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Quan Zeng
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, SCIB, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Sihan Wang
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, SCIB, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Zeng Fan
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, SCIB, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, SCIB, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, SCIB, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Yang Lv
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, SCIB, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Jiafei Xi
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, SCIB, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Wen Yue
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, SCIB, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Yanhua Li
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, SCIB, Guangzhou 510005, China.
| | - Xuetao Pei
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, SCIB, Guangzhou 510005, China.
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Srivastava T, Dai H, Heruth DP, Alon US, Garola RE, Zhou J, Duncan RS, El-Meanawy A, McCarthy ET, Sharma R, Johnson ML, Savin VJ, Sharma M. Mechanotransduction signaling in podocytes from fluid flow shear stress. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 314:F22-F34. [PMID: 28877882 PMCID: PMC5866353 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00325.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we and others have found that hyperfiltration-associated increase in biomechanical forces, namely, tensile stress and fluid flow shear stress (FFSS), can directly and distinctly alter podocyte structure and function. The ultrafiltrate flow over the major processes and cell body generates FFSS to podocytes. Our previous work suggests that the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-PGE2-PGE2 receptor 2 (EP2) axis plays an important role in mechanoperception of FFSS in podocytes. To address mechanotransduction of the perceived stimulus through EP2, cultured podocytes were exposed to FFSS (2 dyn/cm2) for 2 h. Total RNA from cells at the end of FFSS treatment, 2-h post-FFSS, and 24-h post-FFSS was used for whole exon array analysis. Differentially regulated genes ( P < 0.01) were analyzed using bioinformatics tools Enrichr and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis to predict pathways/molecules. Candidate pathways were validated using Western blot analysis and then further confirmed to be resulting from a direct effect of PGE2 on podocytes. Results show that FFSS-induced mechanotransduction as well as exogenous PGE2 activate the Akt-GSK3β-β-catenin (Ser552) and MAPK/ERK but not the cAMP-PKA signal transduction cascades. These pathways are reportedly associated with FFSS-induced and EP2-mediated signaling in other epithelial cells as well. The current regimen for treating hyperfiltration-mediated injury largely depends on targeting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. The present study identifies specific transduction mechanisms and provides novel information on the direct effect of FFSS on podocytes. These results suggest that targeting EP2-mediated signaling pathways holds therapeutic significance for delaying progression of chronic kidney disease secondary to hyperfiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarak Srivastava
- Section of Nephrology, Children's Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri at Kansas City , Kansas City, Missouri
- Renal Research Laboratory, Research and Development, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Kansas City, Missouri
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri at Kansas City , Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Hongying Dai
- Section of Nephrology, Children's Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri at Kansas City , Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Daniel P Heruth
- Department of Experimental and Translational Genetics Research, Children's Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri at Kansas City , Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Uri S Alon
- Section of Nephrology, Children's Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri at Kansas City , Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Robert E Garola
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri at Kansas City , Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Jianping Zhou
- Renal Research Laboratory, Research and Development, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Kansas City, Missouri
| | - R Scott Duncan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Missouri at Kansas City , Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Ashraf El-Meanawy
- Division of Nephrology, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Ellen T McCarthy
- Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Ram Sharma
- Renal Research Laboratory, Research and Development, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Mark L Johnson
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri at Kansas City , Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Virginia J Savin
- Renal Research Laboratory, Research and Development, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Kansas City, Missouri
- Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Mukut Sharma
- Renal Research Laboratory, Research and Development, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Kansas City, Missouri
- Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas
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Yousif NM, de Oliveira ACP, Brioschi S, Huell M, Biber K, Fiebich BL. Activation of EP 2 receptor suppresses poly(I: C) and LPS-mediated inflammation in primary microglia and organotypic hippocampal slice cultures: Contributing role for MAPKs. Glia 2017; 66:708-724. [PMID: 29226424 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Brain inflammation is a critical factor involved in neurodegeneration. Recently, the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ) downstream members were suggested to modulate neuroinflammatory responses accompanying neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of prostaglandin E2 receptor 2 (EP2 ) during TLR3 and TLR4-driven inflammatory response using in vitro primary microglia and ex vivo organotypic hippocampal slice cultures (OHSCs). Depletion of microglia from OHSCs differentially affected TLR3 and TLR4 receptor expression. Poly(I:C) induced the production of prostaglandin E2 in OHSCs by increasing cyclooxygenase (COX-2) and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase (mPGES)-1. Besides, stimulation of OHSCs and microglia with Poly(I:C) upregulated EP2 receptor expression. Co-stimulation of OHSCs and microglia with the EP2 agonist butaprost reduced inflammatory mediators induced by LPS and Poly(I:C). In Poly(I:C) challenged OHSCs, butaprost almost restored microglia ramified morphology and reduced Iba1 immunoreactivity. Importantly, microglia depletion prevented the induction of inflammatory mediators following Poly(I:C) or LPS challenge in OHSCs. Activation of EP2 receptor reversed the Poly(I:C)/LPS-induced phosphorylation of the mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) ERK, p38 MAPK and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in microglia. Collectively, these data identify an anti-inflammatory function for EP2 signaling in diverse innate immune responses, through a mechanism that involves the mitogen-activated protein kinases pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nizar M Yousif
- Neurochemistry Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hauptstr. 5, Freiburg, D-79104, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Simone Brioschi
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hauptstr. 5, Freiburg, D-79104, Germany
| | - Michael Huell
- Zentrum für Psychiatrie Emmendingen, Neubronnstr. 25, Emmendingen, 79312
| | - Knut Biber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hauptstr. 5, Freiburg, D-79104, Germany
| | - Bernd L Fiebich
- Neurochemistry Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hauptstr. 5, Freiburg, D-79104, Germany
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Hsu HH, Lin YM, Shen CY, Shibu MA, Li SY, Chang SH, Lin CC, Chen RJ, Viswanadha VP, Shih HN, Huang CY. Prostaglandin E2-Induced COX-2 Expressions via EP2 and EP4 Signaling Pathways in Human LoVo Colon Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061132. [PMID: 28587064 PMCID: PMC5485956 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the most dangerous risk faced by patients with hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer (HNPCC). The expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) has been observed in several types of human cancers and regulates the efficacy of many therapies. Here, we show that treatment with various concentrations of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2; 0, 1, 5 or 10 μM) promotes the migration ability of the human LoVo colon cancer cell line. As demonstrated by mRNA and protein expression analyses, EP2 and EP4 are the major PGE2 receptors expressed on the LoVo cell membrane. The Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt cell survival pathway was upregulated by EP2 and EP4 activation. Following the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway, β-catenin translocated into the nucleus and triggered COX2 transcription via LEF-1 and TCF-4 and its subsequent translation. COX2 expression correlated with the elevation in the migration ability of LoVo cells. The experimental evidence shows a possible mechanism by which PGE2 induces cancer cell migration and further suggests PGE2 to be a potential therapeutic target in colon cancer metastasis. On inhibition of PGE2, in order to determine the downstream pathway, the levels of PI3K/Akt pathway were suppressed and the β-catenin expression was also modulated. Inhibition of EP2 and EP4 shows that PGE2 induces protein expression of COX-2 through EP2 and EP4 receptors in LoVo colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsi-Hsien Hsu
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Freshwater 25160, Taiwan.
- Mackay Medicine, Nursing and Management College, Taipei 10449, Taiwan.
| | - Yueh-Min Lin
- Department of pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan.
- Medical Technology, Jen-The Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli 35664, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Yao Shen
- Department of Nursing, Mei Ho University, Pingguang Road, Pingtung 912, Taiwan.
| | - Marthandam Asokan Shibu
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Shin-Yi Li
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Sheng-Huang Chang
- Tsao-Tun Psychiatric Center, Department of Health, Executive Yuan, Taipei 10058, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Chung Lin
- Orthopaedic Department, Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Ray-Jade Chen
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | | | - Hui-Nung Shih
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Freshwater 25160, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
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Lian S, Xia Y, Ung TT, Khoi PN, Yoon HJ, Lee SG, Kim KK, Jung YD. Prostaglandin E 2 stimulates urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor via EP2 receptor-dependent signaling pathways in human AGS gastric cancer cells. Mol Carcinog 2016; 56:664-680. [PMID: 27377703 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) has been observed in human gastric cancers. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ), whose biosynthesis is catalyzed by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), is implicated in cancer metastasis; however, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of PGE2 -driven uPAR expression are yet to be elucidated in human gastric cancer AGS cells. In this study, we showed that PGE2 induces uPAR expression in concentration- and time-dependent manners. Furthermore, using antagonists and siRNA, we found that among the four subtypes of PGE2 receptors, EP2 receptors are involved in PGE2 -induced uPAR expression. PGE2 induced the activation of Src, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), c-Jun NH2 -terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk), and p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK). Specific inhibitor and mutagenesis studies showed that Src, EGFR, JNK1/2, and Erk1/2 are involved in PGE2 -induced uPAR expression. PGE2 induces EP2-dependent phosphorylation of Src, while the activation of Src-dependent EGFR leads to the phosphorylation of JNK1/2 and Erk1/2. Deletion and site-directed mutagenesis studies demonstrated the involvement of transcription factor activator protein (AP)-1 and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) in PGE2 -induced uPAR expression. EGFR-dependent MAPKs (JNK1/2 and Erk1/2) function as the upstream signaling molecules in the activation of AP-1 and NF-κB, respectively. AGS cells pre-treated with PGE2 showed remarkably enhanced invasiveness, which was partially abrogated by uPAR-neutralizing antibodies. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that PGE2 -induced uPAR expression, which stimulates invasiveness of human gastric cancer AGS cells, is mediated by the EP2 receptor-dependent Src/EGFR/JNK1/2, Erk1/2/AP-1, and Src/EGFR/JNK1/2, Erk1/2/NF-κB cascades. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Lian
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Xia
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Trong Thuan Ung
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Pham Ngoc Khoi
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Joong Yoon
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sam Gyu Lee
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Keun Kim
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Do Jung
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Liu M, Gong Y, Wei JY, Xie D, Wang J, Yu YH, Quan S. [Media of rat macrophage NR8383 cells with prostaglandins E2-induced VEGF over-expression promotes migration and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2016; 36:936-940. [PMID: 27435772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of prostaglandins E2 (PGE2) in enhancing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in a rat macrophage cell line and the effect of the media from PGE2-inuced rat macrophages on angiogenetic ability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro. METHODS Western blotting and qPCR were employed to investigate the expressions of VEGF protein and mRNAs in rat macrophage cell line NR8383 stimulated by PGE2 in the presence or absence of EP2 receptor inhibitor (AH6809) and EP4 receptor inhibitor (AH23848). Conditioned supernatants were obtained from different NR8383 subsets to stimulate HUVECs, and the tube formation ability and migration of the HUVECs were assessed with Transwell assay. RESULTS PGE2 stimulation significantly enhanced the expression of VEGF protein and mRNAs in NR8383 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The supernatants from NR8383 cells stimulated by PGE2 significantly enhanced tube formation ability of HUVECs (P<0.05) and promoted the cell migration. Such effects of PGE2 were blocked by the application of AH6809 and AH23848. CONCLUSION PGE2 can dose-dependently increase VEGF expression in NR8383 cells, and the supernatants derived from PGE2-stimulated NR8383 cells can induce HUVEC migration and accelerate the growth of tube like structures. PGE2 are essential to corpus luteum formation by stimulating macrophages to induce angiogenesis through EP2/EP4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.E-mail:
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Liu C, Zhu P, Wang W, Li W, Shu Q, Chen ZJ, Myatt L, Sun K. Inhibition of lysyl oxidase by prostaglandin E2 via EP2/EP4 receptors in human amnion fibroblasts: Implications for parturition. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 424:118-27. [PMID: 26826430 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The underlying mechanism leading to rupture of the membranes at parturition is not fully understood. Lysyl oxidase (LOX) cross-links collagen fibrils thereby increasing the tensile strength of the membranes. Thus, understanding the regulation of LOX expression may be of crucial importance for elucidation of the process of rupture of the fetal membranes. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), mainly produced in the amnion, plays crucial roles during human parturition. However it is not known whether PGE2 regulates LOX expression in the fetal membranes. Using primary human amnion fibroblasts, we showed that addition of PGE2 decreased LOX mRNA and protein levels, which were blocked by inhibition of EP2/EP4 receptors and the receptor-coupled cAMP/PKA pathway. EP2/EP4 receptor agonists and stimulators of the cAMP/PKA pathway consistently decreased LOX expression. Furthermore, PGE2 induced cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression, a key enzyme in PGE2 production, via an EP2 and EP4 receptor-coupled cAMP/PKA pathway. Small interfering RNA-mediated knock-down of COX-2 expression significantly increased the basal expression of LOX. In addition, an increase in COX-2 and a reciprocal decrease in LOX abundance occurred in amnion tissue following labor at term. In conclusion, we have revealed a feed-forward loop of induction of COX-2 and reduction in LOX expression by PGE2 acting via an EP2/EP4 receptor-coupled cAMP/PKA pathway in human amnion fibroblasts toward the end of gestation, which may play a significant role in the rupture of fetal membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, No.401 Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, PR China
| | - Wangsheng Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Wenjiao Li
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, Shanghai, PR China; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Qun Shu
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zi-Jiang Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Leslie Myatt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Kang Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, PR China.
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Jones VC, Birrell MA, Maher SA, Griffiths M, Grace M, O'Donnell VB, Clark SR, Belvisi MG. Role of EP2 and EP4 receptors in airway microvascular leak induced by prostaglandin E2. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:992-1004. [PMID: 26639895 PMCID: PMC4831025 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Airway microvascular leak (MVL) involves the extravasation of proteins from post-capillary venules into surrounding tissue. MVL is a cardinal sign of inflammation and an important feature of airway inflammatory diseases such as asthma. PGE2, a product of COX-mediated metabolism of arachidonic acid, binds to four receptors, termed EP1–4. PGE2 has a wide variety of effects within the airway, including modulation of inflammation, sensory nerve activation and airway tone. However, the effect of PGE2 on airway MVL and the receptor/s that mediate this have not been described. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Evans Blue dye was used as a marker of airway MVL, and selective EP receptor agonists and antagonists were used alongside EP receptor-deficient mice to define the receptor subtype involved. KEY RESULTS PGE2 induced significant airway MVL in mice and guinea pigs. A significant reduction in PGE2-induced MVL was demonstrated in Ptger2−/− and Ptger4−/− mice and in wild-type mice pretreated simultaneously with EP2 (PF-04418948) and EP4 (ER-819762) receptor antagonists. In a model of allergic asthma, an increase in airway levels of PGE2 was associated with a rise in MVL; this change was absent in Ptger2−/− and Ptger4−/− mice. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS PGE2 is a key mediator produced by the lung and has widespread effects according to the EP receptor activated. Airway MVL represents a response to injury and under ‘disease’ conditions is a prominent feature of airway inflammation. The data presented highlight a key role for EP2 and EP4 receptors in MVL induced by PGE2.
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MESH Headings
- Allergens
- Animals
- Asthma/metabolism
- Azetidines/pharmacology
- Benzazepines/pharmacology
- Bronchi/metabolism
- Capillary Permeability
- Dinoprostone/analogs & derivatives
- Dinoprostone/metabolism
- Dinoprostone/pharmacology
- Guinea Pigs
- Imidazoles/pharmacology
- Male
- Methyl Ethers/pharmacology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Ovalbumin
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype/agonists
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype/genetics
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype/metabolism
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype/agonists
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype/genetics
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype/metabolism
- Trachea/metabolism
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Bonanno A, Albano GD, Siena L, Montalbano AM, Riccobono L, Anzalone G, Chiappara G, Gagliardo R, Profita M, Sala A. Prostaglandin E₂ possesses different potencies in inducing Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Interleukin-8 production in COPD human lung fibroblasts. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2016; 106:11-8. [PMID: 26926362 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We studied the role of PGE2, its biosynthetic enzymes and its receptors, in regulating the functions of lung fibroblasts through the production of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Interleukin-8 (IL-8) in COPD subjects. Lung fibroblasts from Control (C) (n=6), Smoker (HS) (n=6) and COPD patients (n=8) were cultured, and basal PGE2, VEGF, and IL-8 measured in supernatants by ELISA. COX-1/COX-2 and EP receptors expression were assessed by western blot and by RT-PCR. Release of VEGF and IL-8 by human fetal lung fibroblasts (HFL-1; lung, diploid, human) was evaluated under different conditions. PGE2, VEGF, and IL-8 levels, COX-2, EP2, and EP4 protein expression and mRNA were increased in COPD when compared to Controls. Low concentrations of synthetic PGE2 increased the release of VEGF in HFL-1, but higher concentrations were needed to induce the release of IL-8. This effect was mimicked by an EP2 agonist and modulated by an EP4 antagonist. In the airways of COPD subjects, fibroblast-derived PGE2 may regulate angiogenesis and inflammation through the production of VEGF and IL-8 respectively, suggesting that the increase in expression of COX-2, EP2 and EP4 observed in COPD fibroblasts may contribute to steering the role of PGE2 from homeostatic to pro-inflammatory.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Cells, Cultured
- Cyclooxygenase 2/genetics
- Cyclooxygenase 2/metabolism
- Dinoprostone/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Female
- Fibroblasts/drug effects
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Fibroblasts/pathology
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Humans
- Interleukin-8/genetics
- Interleukin-8/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/genetics
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/metabolism
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/pathology
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype/genetics
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype/metabolism
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype/genetics
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype/metabolism
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/genetics
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bonanno
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy" (IBIM), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Giusy Daniela Albano
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy" (IBIM), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Liboria Siena
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy" (IBIM), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Angela Marina Montalbano
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy" (IBIM), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Loredana Riccobono
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy" (IBIM), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulia Anzalone
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy" (IBIM), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Chiappara
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy" (IBIM), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosalia Gagliardo
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy" (IBIM), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Mirella Profita
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy" (IBIM), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Angelo Sala
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy" (IBIM), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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Machado-Carvalho L, Martín M, Torres R, Gabasa M, Alobid I, Mullol J, Pujols L, Roca-Ferrer J, Picado C. Low E-prostanoid 2 receptor levels and deficient induction of the IL-1β/IL-1 type I receptor/COX-2 pathway: Vicious circle in patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 137:99-107.e7. [PMID: 26560040 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We hypothesized that the 2 reported alterations in aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD), reduced expression/production of COX-2/prostaglandin (PG) E2 and diminished expression of E-prostanoid (EP) 2 receptor, are closely linked. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the mechanisms involved in the altered regulation of the COX pathway in patients with AERD. METHODS Fibroblasts were obtained from nasal mucosa; samples of control subjects (NM-C, n = 8) and from nasal polyps from patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (NP-AERD, n = 8). Expression of the autocrine loop components regulating PGE2 production and signaling, namely IL-1 type I receptor (IL-1RI), COX-2, microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 1 (mPGES-1), and EP receptors, was assessed at baseline and after stimulation with IL-1β, PGE2, and specific EP receptor agonists. RESULTS Compared with NM-C fibroblasts, basal expression levels of IL-1RI and EP2 receptor were lower in NP-AERD fibroblasts. IL-1β-induced IL-1RI, COX-2, and mPGES-1 expression levels were also lower in these cells. Levels of IL-1RI positively correlated with COX-2 and mPGES-1 expression in both NM-C and NP-AERD fibroblasts. Incubation with either exogenous PGE2 or selective EP2 agonist significantly increased expression of IL-1RI in NM-C fibroblasts and had hardly any effect on NP-AERD fibroblasts. Alterations in IL-1RI, COX-2, and mPGES-1 expression that were found in NP-AERD fibroblasts were corrected when EP2 receptor expression was normalized by transfection of NP-AERD fibroblasts. CONCLUSION Altered expression of EP2 in patients with AERD contributes to deficient induction of IL-1RI, reducing the capacity of IL-1β to increase COX-2 and mPGES-1 expression, which results in low PGE2 production. This impairment in the generation of PGE2 subsequently reduces its ability to induce IL-1RI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Machado-Carvalho
- Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Margarita Martín
- Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Biochemistry Unit, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Torres
- Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Pharmacology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Gabasa
- Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isam Alobid
- Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Rhinology Unit & Smell Clinic, ENT Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Mullol
- Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Rhinology Unit & Smell Clinic, ENT Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Pujols
- Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Roca-Ferrer
- Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cesar Picado
- Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Pneumology and Respiratory Allergy Department, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Rojas A, Ganesh T, Lelutiu N, Gueorguieva P, Dingledine R. Inhibition of the prostaglandin EP2 receptor is neuroprotective and accelerates functional recovery in a rat model of organophosphorus induced status epilepticus. Neuropharmacology 2015; 93:15-27. [PMID: 25656476 PMCID: PMC4387070 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to high levels of organophosphorus compounds (OP) can induce status epilepticus (SE) in humans and rodents via acute cholinergic toxicity, leading to neurodegeneration and brain inflammation. Currently there is no treatment to combat the neuropathologies associated with OP exposure. We recently demonstrated that inhibition of the EP2 receptor for PGE2 reduces neuronal injury in mice following pilocarpine-induced SE. Here, we investigated the therapeutic effects of an EP2 inhibitor (TG6-10-1) in a rat model of SE using diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP). We tested the hypothesis that EP2 receptor inhibition initiated well after the onset of DFP-induced SE reduces the associated neuropathologies. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with pyridostigmine bromide (0.1 mg/kg, sc) and atropine methylbromide (20 mg/kg, sc) followed by DFP (9.5 mg/kg, ip) to induce SE. DFP administration resulted in prolonged upregulation of COX-2. The rats were administered TG6-10-1 or vehicle (ip) at various time points relative to DFP exposure. Treatment with TG6-10-1 or vehicle did not alter the observed behavioral seizures, however six doses of TG6-10-1 starting 80-150 min after the onset of DFP-induced SE significantly reduced neurodegeneration in the hippocampus, blunted the inflammatory cytokine burst, reduced microglial activation and decreased weight loss in the days after status epilepticus. By contrast, astrogliosis was unaffected by EP2 inhibition 4 d after DFP. Transient treatments with the EP2 antagonist 1 h before DFP, or beginning 4 h after DFP, were ineffective. Delayed mortality, which was low (10%) after DFP, was unaffected by TG6-10-1. Thus, selective inhibition of the EP2 receptor within a time window that coincides with the induction of cyclooxygenase-2 by DFP is neuroprotective and accelerates functional recovery of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asheebo Rojas
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University, 1510 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Thota Ganesh
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University, 1510 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Nadia Lelutiu
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University, 1510 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Paoula Gueorguieva
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University, 1510 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Raymond Dingledine
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University, 1510 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Fernández-Martínez AB, Lucio-Cazaña J. Intracellular EP2 prostanoid receptor promotes cancer-related phenotypes in PC3 cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:3355-73. [PMID: 25828575 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1891-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) affect many mechanisms that have been involved in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer (PC). HIF-1α, which is up-regulated by PGE2 in LNCaP cells and PC3 cells, has been shown to contribute to metastasis and chemo-resistance of castrate-resistant PC (a lethal form of PC) and to promote in PC cells migration, invasion, angiogenesis and chemoresistance. The selective blockade of PGE2-EP2 signaling pathway in PC3 cells results in inhibition of cancer cell proliferation and invasion. PGE2 affects many mechanisms that have been shown to play a role in carcinogenesis such as proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion and angiogenesis. Recently, we have found in PC3 cells that most of these PGE2-induced cancer-related features are due to intracellular PGE2 (iPGE2). Here, we aimed to study in PC3 cells the role of iPGE2-intracellular EP2 (iEP2)-HIF-1α signaling in several events linked to PC progression using an experimental approach involving pharmacological inhibition of the prostaglandin uptake transporter and EGFR and pharmacological and genetic modulation of EP2 receptor and HIF-1α. We found that iPGE2 increases HIF-1α expression through iEP2-dependent EGFR transactivation and that inhibition of any of the axis iEP2-EGFR-HIF-1α in cells treated with PGE2 or EP2 agonist results in prevention of the increase in PC3 cell proliferation, adhesion, migration, invasion and angiogenesis in vitro. Of note, PGE2 induced EP2 antagonist-sensitive DNA synthesis in nuclei isolated from PC3 cells, which indicates that they have functional EP2 receptors. These results suggest that PGE2-EP2 dependent intracrine mechanisms involving EGFR and HIF-1α play a role in PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Belén Fernández-Martínez
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28871, Madrid, Spain,
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Noack C, Hempel U, Preissler C, Dieter P. Prostaglandin E2 impairs osteogenic and facilitates adipogenic differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2015; 94:91-8. [PMID: 25512021 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone (dex) is a mandatory additive to induce osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) in vitro; however it is also known to promote the pathogenesis of osteoporotic bone disease in vivo. In this study human (h)BMSC were cultured in osteogenic medium containing β-glycerophosphate and ascorbate (OM) and in OM containing dex (OM/D). It was seen that dex induced in human (h)BMSC both, osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation markers. Dex reveals its anti-inflammatory effect by reducing endogenous prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) formation and by suppressing the inducible enzymes cyclooxygenase 2 and microsomal PGE2 synthase 1. It was further seen that dex enhanced the expression of prostaglandin receptors, mainly EP2 and EP4 receptor subtypes. We thus hypothesized that dex enforces the susceptibility of hBMSC to respond to exogenous PGE2. Permanent exposure of hBMSC which were cultured in OM/D to PGE2, decreased osteogenic and increased adipogenic differentiation markers. The effects of PGE2 were preferentially mediated by receptor subtypes EP2 and EP4; EP1 was partially involved in pro-adipogenic effects, and EP3 was partially involved in anti-osteogenic effects. These results suggest that dex suppresses the formation of endogenous PGE2 but also enables hBMSC to respond to PGE2 due to the induction of PGE2 receptors EP2 and EP4. PGE2 then shifts in hBMSC the balance from osteogenic to adipogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Noack
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fiedlerstrasse 42, D-01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Ute Hempel
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fiedlerstrasse 42, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Carolin Preissler
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fiedlerstrasse 42, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter Dieter
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fiedlerstrasse 42, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
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Johansson JU, Woodling NS, Wang Q, Panchal M, Liang X, Trueba-Saiz A, Brown HD, Mhatre SD, Loui T, Andreasson KI. Prostaglandin signaling suppresses beneficial microglial function in Alzheimer's disease models. J Clin Invest 2014; 125:350-64. [PMID: 25485684 DOI: 10.1172/jci77487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia, the innate immune cells of the CNS, perform critical inflammatory and noninflammatory functions that maintain normal neural function. For example, microglia clear misfolded proteins, elaborate trophic factors, and regulate and terminate toxic inflammation. In Alzheimer's disease (AD), however, beneficial microglial functions become impaired, accelerating synaptic and neuronal loss. Better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that contribute to microglial dysfunction is an important objective for identifying potential strategies to delay progression to AD. The inflammatory cyclooxygenase/prostaglandin E2 (COX/PGE2) pathway has been implicated in preclinical AD development, both in human epidemiology studies and in transgenic rodent models of AD. Here, we evaluated murine models that recapitulate microglial responses to Aβ peptides and determined that microglia-specific deletion of the gene encoding the PGE2 receptor EP2 restores microglial chemotaxis and Aβ clearance, suppresses toxic inflammation, increases cytoprotective insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) signaling, and prevents synaptic injury and memory deficits. Our findings indicate that EP2 signaling suppresses beneficial microglia functions that falter during AD development and suggest that inhibition of the COX/PGE2/EP2 immune pathway has potential as a strategy to restore healthy microglial function and prevent progression to AD.
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Lejeune M, Moreau F, Chadee K. Loss of EP2 receptor subtype in colonic cells compromise epithelial barrier integrity by altering claudin-4. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113270. [PMID: 25396731 PMCID: PMC4232557 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a bioactive lipid mediator that exerts its biological function through interaction with four different subtypes of E-Prostanoid receptor namely EP1, EP2, EP3 and EP4. It has been known that EP2 receptor is differentially over-expressed in the epithelia of inflamed human colonic mucosa. However, the significance of the differential expression in altering epithelial barrier function is not known. In this study, we used Caco-2 cells expressing EP2 receptor, either high (EP2S) or low (EP2A), as a model epithelia and determined the barrier function of these cell monolayers by measuring the trans epithelial resistance (TER). Basal TER of EP2A (but not EP2S) monolayer was significantly lower suggesting a loss of colonic epithelial barrier integrity. In comparison, the TER of wild type Caco-2 was decreased in response to an EP2 receptor specific antagonist (AH-6809) indicating an important role for EP2 receptor in the maintenance of epithelial barrier function. The decrease TER in EP2A monolayer corresponded with a significant loss of the tight junction (TJ) protein claudin-4 without affecting other major TJ proteins. Similarly, EP2 receptor antagonism/siRNA based silencing significantly decreased claudin-4 expression in EP2S cells. Surprisingly, alteration in claudin-4 was not transcriptionally regulated in EP2A cells but rather undergoes increased proteosomal degradation. Moreover, among the TER compromising cytokines examined (IL-8, IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ) only IFN-γ was significantly up regulated in EP2A cells. However, IFN-γ did not significantly decreased claudin-4 expression in Caco-2 cells indicating no role for IFN-γ in degrading claudin-4. We conclude that differential down-regulation of EP2 receptor play a major role in compromising colonic epithelial barrier function by selectively increasing proteosomal degradation of claudin-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manigandan Lejeune
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - France Moreau
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kris Chadee
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Torres-Atencio I, Ainsua-Enrich E, de Mora F, Picado C, Martín M. Prostaglandin E2 prevents hyperosmolar-induced human mast cell activation through prostanoid receptors EP2 and EP4. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110870. [PMID: 25329458 PMCID: PMC4203853 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mast cells play a critical role in allergic and inflammatory diseases, including exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) in asthma. The mechanism underlying EIB is probably related to increased airway fluid osmolarity that activates mast cells to the release inflammatory mediators. These mediators then act on bronchial smooth muscle to cause bronchoconstriction. In parallel, protective substances such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) are probably also released and could explain the refractory period observed in patients with EIB. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of PGE2 on osmotically activated mast cells, as a model of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. Methods We used LAD2, HMC-1, CD34-positive, and human lung mast cell lines. Cells underwent a mannitol challenge, and the effects of PGE2 and prostanoid receptor (EP) antagonists for EP1–4 were assayed on the activated mast cells. Beta-hexosaminidase release, protein phosphorylation, and calcium mobilization were assessed. Results Mannitol both induced mast cell degranulation and activated phosphatidyl inositide 3-kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, thereby causing de novo eicosanoid and cytokine synthesis. The addition of PGE2 significantly reduced mannitol-induced degranulation through EP2 and EP4 receptors, as measured by beta-hexosaminidase release, and consequently calcium influx. Extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38 phosphorylation were diminished when compared with mannitol activation alone. Conclusions Our data show a protective role for the PGE2 receptors EP2 and EP4 following osmotic changes, through the reduction of human mast cell activity caused by calcium influx impairment and MAP kinase inhibition.
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MESH Headings
- Asthma, Exercise-Induced/genetics
- Asthma, Exercise-Induced/metabolism
- Asthma, Exercise-Induced/pathology
- Cell Degranulation
- Cell Line
- Dinoprostone/genetics
- Dinoprostone/metabolism
- Diuretics, Osmotic/pharmacology
- Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/genetics
- Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism
- Humans
- Lung/metabolism
- Lung/pathology
- MAP Kinase Signaling System/drug effects
- MAP Kinase Signaling System/genetics
- Mannitol/pharmacology
- Mast Cells/metabolism
- Mast Cells/pathology
- Osmotic Pressure
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype/genetics
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype/metabolism
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype/genetics
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivonne Torres-Atencio
- Unidad de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Panamá, Panama, Panama Republic
- Laboratori d'Immunoal·lèrgia Respiratòria Clínica i Experimental, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Erola Ainsua-Enrich
- Laboratori d'Immunoal·lèrgia Respiratòria Clínica i Experimental, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Department de Ciències Fisològiques I, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando de Mora
- Department de Farmacologia, Terapéutica i Toxicologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - César Picado
- Laboratori d'Immunoal·lèrgia Respiratòria Clínica i Experimental, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Margarita Martín
- Laboratori d'Immunoal·lèrgia Respiratòria Clínica i Experimental, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Department de Ciències Fisològiques I, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
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