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Liu B, Liu L, Qin X, Liu Y, Yang R, Mo X, Qin C, Liang C, Yao S. Effect of Substituents on Molecular Reactivity during Lignin Oxidation by Chlorine Dioxide: A Density Functional Theory Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11809. [PMID: 37511570 PMCID: PMC10380563 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Lignin is a polymer with a complex structure. It is widely present in lignocellulosic biomass, and it has a variety of functional group substituents and linkage forms. Especially during the oxidation reaction, the positioning effect of the different substituents of the benzene ring leads to differences in lignin reactivity. The position of the benzene ring branched chain with respect to methoxy is important. The study of the effect of benzene substituents on the oxidation reaction's activity is still an unfinished task. In this study, density functional theory (DFT) and the m062x/6-311+g (d) basis set were used. Differences in the processes of phenolic oxygen intermediates formed by phenolic lignin structures (with different substituents) with chlorine dioxide during the chlorine dioxide reaction were investigated. Six phenolic lignin model species with different structures were selected. Bond energies, electrostatic potentials, atomic charges, Fukui functions and double descriptors of lignin model substances and reaction energy barriers are compared. The effects of benzene ring branched chains and methoxy on the mechanism of chlorine dioxide oxidation of lignin were revealed systematically. The results showed that the substituents with shorter branched chains and strong electron-absorbing ability were more stable. Lignin is not easily susceptible to the effects of chlorine dioxide. The substituents with longer branched chains have a significant effect on the flow of electron clouds. The results demonstrate that chlorine dioxide can affect the electron arrangement around the molecule, which directly affects the electrophilic activity of the molecule. The electron-absorbing effect of methoxy leads to a low dissociation energy of the phenolic hydroxyl group. Electrophilic reagents are more likely to attack this reaction site. In addition, the stabilizing effect of methoxy on the molecular structure of lignin was also found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojie Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industrial and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industrial and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xin Qin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industrial and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industrial and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industrial and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xiaorong Mo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industrial and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Chengrong Qin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industrial and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Chen Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industrial and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Shuangquan Yao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industrial and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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UZUN S, DEMİRCİOĞLU Z, KOÇ E, CEYLAN M. Synthesis, Crystal structure, Theoretical Chemical Activitiy, Electrophilicity-Based Charge Transfer (ECT) with DNA bases and Molecular Docking Studies of 2-amino-4-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5,6-dihydrobenzo[H]quinoline-3-carbonitrile. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Adekoya O, Adekoya GJ, Sadiku RE, Hamam Y, Ray SS. Density Functional Theory Interaction Study of a Polyethylene Glycol-Based Nanocomposite with Cephalexin Drug for the Elimination of Wound Infection. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:33808-33820. [PMID: 36188269 PMCID: PMC9520710 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, density functional theory (DFT) simulations are used to evaluate the possible use of a graphene oxide-based poly(ethylene glycol) (GO/PEG) nanocomposite as a drug delivery substrate for cephalexin (CEX), an antibiotic drug employed to treat wound infection. First, the stable configuration of the PEGylated system was generated with a binding energy of -25.67 kcal/mol at 1.62 Å through Monte Carlo simulation and DFT calculation for a favorable adsorption site. The most stable configuration shows that PEG interacts with GO through hydrogen bonding of the oxygen atom on the hydroxyl group of PEG with the hydrogen atom of the carboxylic group on GO. Similarly, for the interaction of the CEX drug with the GO/PEG nanocomposite excipient system, the adsorption energies are computed after determining the optimal and thermodynamically favorable configuration. The nitrogen atom from the amine group of the drug binds with a hydrogen atom from the carboxylic group of the GO/PEG nanocomposite at 1.75 Å, with an adsorption energy of -36.17 kcal/mol, in the most stable drug-excipient system. Drug release for tissue regeneration at the predicted target cell is more rapid in moist conditions than in the gas phase. The solubility of the suggested drug in the aqueous media around the open wound is shown by the magnitude of the predicted solvation energy. The findings from this study theoretically validate the potential use of a GO/PEG nanocomposite for wound treatment application as a drug carrier for sustained release of the CEX drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwasegun
Chijioke Adekoya
- Institute
of Nanoengineering Research (INER), Department of Chemical, Metallurgical
and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Gbolahan Joseph Adekoya
- Institute
of Nanoengineering Research (INER), Department of Chemical, Metallurgical
and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
- Centre
for Nanostructures and Advanced Materials, DSI-CSIR Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Council for Scientific
and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Rotimi Emmanuel Sadiku
- Institute
of Nanoengineering Research (INER), Department of Chemical, Metallurgical
and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Yskandar Hamam
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 001, South Africa
- École
Supérieure d’Ingénieurs en Électrotechnique
et Électronique, Cité Descartes, 2 Boulevard Blaise Pascal, Noisy-le-Grand, Paris 93160, France
| | - Suprakas Sinha Ray
- Centre
for Nanostructures and Advanced Materials, DSI-CSIR Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Council for Scientific
and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornforntein, Johannesburg 2028, South
Africa
- , ,
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Uzun S, Demircioğlu Z, Koç E, Ceylan M. X-ray, DFT (Chemical activity, Charge transfer and Non-linear optical properties) and Spectroscopic Studies on 2-amino-4-(4-bromophenyl)-5,6[H]quinoline-3-carbonitrile (I) and 2-amino-4-(2-bromophenyl)-5,6[H]quinoline-3-carbonitrile (II). J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Simsek O, Dincer M, Dege N, Saif E, Yilmaz I, Cukurovali A. Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of ( Z)-4-{[4-(3-methyl-3-phenyl-cyclo-but-yl)thia-zol-2-yl]amino}-4-oxobut-2-enoic acid. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2022; 78:120-124. [PMID: 35145736 PMCID: PMC8819446 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989022000032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The title cyclo-butyl compound, C18H18N2O3S, was synthesized by the inter-action of 4-(3-methyl-3-phenyl-cyclo-but-yl)thia-zol-2-amine and maleic anhydride, and crystallizes in the ortho-rhom-bic space group P212121 with Z' = 1. The mol-ecular geometry is partially stabilized by an intra-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bond forming an S 1 1(7) ring motif. The mol-ecule is non-planar with a dihedral angle of 88.29 (11)° between the thia-zole and benzene rings. In the crystal, the mol-ecules are linked by O-H⋯N hydrogen bonds, forming supra-molecular ribbons with C 1 1(9) chain motifs. To further analyze the inter-molecular inter-actions, a Hirshfeld surface analysis was performed. The results indicate that the most important contributions to the overall surface are from H⋯H (43%), C⋯H (18%), O⋯H (17%) and N⋯H (6%), inter-actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okan Simsek
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55139, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Muharrem Dincer
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55139, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Necmi Dege
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55139, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Eiad Saif
- Department of Computer and Electronic Engineering Technology, Sanaa Community College, Sanaa, Yemen
- Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 55139, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Yilmaz
- Department of Chemistry, Kamil Ozdag Science, Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, 70200, Karaman, Turkey
| | - Alaaddin Cukurovali
- Department of Chemistry, Sciences Faculty, Fırat University, 23119, Elazığ, Turkey
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