1
|
Stanković M, Skaro Bogojevic S, Kljun J, Milanović Ž, Stevanović NL, Lazic J, Vojnovic S, Turel I, Djuran MI, Glišić BĐ. Silver(I) complexes with voriconazole as promising anti-Candida agents. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 256:112572. [PMID: 38691971 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Recognizing that metal ions play an important role in modifying the pharmacological properties of known organic-based drugs, the present manuscript addresses the complexation of the antifungal agent voriconazole (vcz) with the biologically relevant silver(I) ion as a strategy for the development of new antimycotics. The synthesized silver(I) complexes with vcz were characterized by mass spectrometry, IR, UV-Vis and NMR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The crystallographic results showed that complexes {[Ag(vcz)(H2O)]CH3SO3}n (1), {[Ag(vcz)2]BF4}n (2) and {[Ag(vcz)2]PF6}n (3) have polymeric structures in the solid state, in which silver(I) ions have a distorted tetrahedral geometry. On the other hand, DFT calculations revealed that the investigated silver(I) complexes 1-3 in DMSO exist as linear [Ag(vcz-N2)(vcz-N19)]+ (1a), [Ag(vcz-N2)(vcz-N4)]+ (2a) and [Ag(vcz-N4)2]+ (3a) species, respectively. The evaluated complexes showed an enhanced anti-Candida activity compared to the parent drug with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values in the range of 0.02-1.05 μM. In comparison with vcz, the corresponding silver(I) complexes showed better activity in prevention hyphae and biofilm formation of C. albicans, indicating that they could be considered as promising agents against Candida that significantly inhibit its virulence. Also, these complexes are much better inhibitors of ergosterol synthesis in the cell membrane of C. albicans at the concentration of 0.5 × MIC. This is also confirmed by a molecular docking, which revealed that complexes 1a - 3a showed better inhibitory activity than vcz against the sterol 14α-demethylase enzyme cytochrome P450 (CYP51B), which plays a crucial role in the formation of ergosterol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mia Stanković
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, R. Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Sanja Skaro Bogojevic
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jakob Kljun
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Večna pot 113, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Žiko Milanović
- University of Kragujevac, Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, Department of Science, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nevena Lj Stevanović
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, R. Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Jelena Lazic
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sandra Vojnovic
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Iztok Turel
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Večna pot 113, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Miloš I Djuran
- Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Biljana Đ Glišić
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, R. Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Stanković M, Kljun J, Stevanović NL, Lazic J, Skaro Bogojevic S, Vojnovic S, Zlatar M, Nikodinovic-Runic J, Turel I, Djuran MI, Glišić BĐ. Silver(I) complexes containing antifungal azoles: significant improvement of the anti- Candida potential of the azole drug after its coordination to the silver(I) ion. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:2218-2230. [PMID: 38193719 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03010e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Inspired by the emergence of resistance to currently available antifungal therapy and by the great potential of metal complexes for the treatment of various diseases, we synthesized three new silver(I) complexes containing clinically used antifungal azoles as ligands, [Ag(ecz)2]SbF6 (1, ecz is econazole), {[Ag(vcz)2]SbF6}n (2, vcz is voriconazole), and [Ag(ctz)2]SbF6 (3, ctz is clotrimazole), and investigated their antimicrobial properties. The synthesized complexes were characterized by mass spectrometry, IR, UV-vis and 1H NMR spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. In the mononuclear complexes 1 and 3 with ecz and ctz, respectively, the silver(I) ion has the expected linear geometry, in which the azoles are monodentately coordinated to this metal center through the N3 imidazole nitrogen atom. In contrast, the vcz-containing complex 2 has a polymeric structure in the solid state in which the silver(I) ions are coordinated by four nitrogen atoms in a distorted tetrahedral geometry. DFT calculations were done to predict the most favorable structures of the studied complexes in DMSO solution. All the studied silver(I) complexes have shown excellent antifungal and good to moderate antibacterial activities with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values in the ranges of 0.01-27.1 and 2.61-47.9 μM on the selected panel of fungi and bacteria, respectively. Importantly, the complexes 1-3 have exhibited a significantly improved antifungal activity compared to the free azoles, with the most pronounced effect observed in the case of complex 2 compared to the parent vcz against Candida glabrata with an increase of activity by five orders of magnitude. Moreover, the silver(I)-azole complexes 2 and 3 significantly inhibited the formation of C. albicans hyphae and biofilms at the subinhibitory concentration of 50% MIC. To investigate the impact of the complex 3 more thoroughly on Candida pathogenesis, its effect on the adherence of C. albicans to A549 cells (human adenocarcinoma alveolar basal epithelial cells), as an initial step of the invasion of host cells, was studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mia Stanković
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, R. Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Jakob Kljun
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Večna pot 113, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Nevena Lj Stevanović
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, R. Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Jelena Lazic
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Skaro Bogojevic
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sandra Vojnovic
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Matija Zlatar
- University of Belgrade-Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Department of Chemistry, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Nikodinovic-Runic
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Iztok Turel
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Večna pot 113, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Miloš I Djuran
- Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Biljana Đ Glišić
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, R. Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cortat Y, Zobi F. Resurgence and Repurposing of Antifungal Azoles by Transition Metal Coordination for Drug Discovery. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2398. [PMID: 37896159 PMCID: PMC10609764 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Coordination compounds featuring one or more antifungal azole (AA) ligands constitute an interesting family of candidate molecules, given their medicinal polyvalence and the viability of drug complexation as a strategy to improve and repurpose available medications. This review reports the work performed in the field of coordination derivatives of AAs synthesized for medical purposes by discussing the corresponding publications and emphasizing the most promising compounds discovered so far. The resulting overview highlights the efficiency of AAs and their metallic species, as well as the potential still lying in this research area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabio Zobi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hure E, Camí G, Mosconi N, Raimondi M, Rizzotto M. Synthesis, characterization, lipophilicity and antifungal properties of three new complexes of sulfamerazine (HSMR) with Ag(I): [Ag(SMR)], [Ag2(SMR)SCN] and [Ag(SMR)o-phenanthroline]. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.115979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
5
|
Stevanović NL, Kljun J, Aleksic I, Bogojevic SS, Milivojevic D, Veselinovic A, Turel I, Djuran MI, Nikodinovic-Runic J, Glišić BĐ. Clinically used antifungal azoles as ligands for gold(III) complexes: the influence of the Au(III) ion on the antimicrobial activity of the complex. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:5322-5334. [PMID: 35293926 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00411a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In a search for novel antimicrobial metal-based therapeutic agents, mononuclear gold(III) complexes 1-7 of the general formula [AuCl3(azole)], where azole stands for imidazole (im, 1), 1-isopropylimidazole (ipim, 2), 1-phenylimidazole (phim, 3), clotrimazole (ctz, 4), econazole (ecz, 5), tioconazole (tcz, 6) and voriconazole (vcz, 7) were synthesized, characterized and biologically evaluated. In all complexes, the corresponding azole ligand is monodentately coordinated to the Au(III) via the imidazole or triazole nitrogen atom, while the remaining coordination sites are occupied by chloride anions leading to the square-planar arrangement. In vitro antimicrobial assays showed that the complexation of inactive azoles, imidazole, 1-isopropylimidazole and 1-phenylimidazole, to the Au(III) ion led to complexes 1-3, respectively, with moderate activity against the investigated strains and low cytotoxicity on the human normal lung fibroblast cell line (MRC-5). Moreover, gold(III) complexes 4-7 with clinically used antifungal agents clotrimazole, econazole, tioconazole and voriconazole, respectively, have, in most cases, enhanced antimicrobial effectiveness relative to the corresponding azoles, with the best improvement achieved after complexation of tioconazole (6) and voriconazole (7). The complexes 4-7 and the corresponding antifungal azoles inhibited the growth of dermatophyte Microsporum canis at 50 and 25 μg mL-1. Gold(III) complexes 1-3 significantly reduced the amount of ergosterol in the cell membrane of Candida albicans at the subinhibitory concentration of 0.5 × MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration), while the corresponding imidazole ligands did not significantly affect the ergosterol content, indicating that the mechanism of action of the gold(III)-azole complexes is associated with inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis. Finally, complexes 5 and 6 significantly reduced the production of pyocyanin, a virulence factor in Pseudomonas aeruginosa controlled by quorum sensing, and increased cell survival after exposure to this bacterium. These findings could be of importance for the development of novel gold(III)-based antivirulence therapeutic agents that attenuate virulence without pronounced effect on the growth of the pathogens, offering a lower risk for resistance development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nevena Lj Stevanović
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, R. Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Jakob Kljun
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Ivana Aleksic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Sanja Skaro Bogojevic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Dusan Milivojevic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Aleksandar Veselinovic
- University of Niš, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Chemistry, Blvd. Dr Zorana Đinđića 81, 18108 Niš, Serbia
| | - Iztok Turel
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Miloš I Djuran
- Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Jasmina Nikodinovic-Runic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Biljana Đ Glišić
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, R. Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Umar Q, Huang Y, Nazeer A, Yin H, Zhang JC, Luo M, Meng XG. Synthesis, characterization and anticancer activities of Zn 2+, Cu 2+, Co 2+ and Ni 2+ complexes involving chiral amino alcohols. RSC Adv 2022; 12:32119-32128. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05576g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A new type of coordination complexes related with the first transition metal and chiral amino alcohols can effectively fight against the human tumour cell line A549 with an IC50 value of 17.71 μM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Q. Umar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 23000, P.R. China
| | - Y. Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 23000, P.R. China
| | - A. Nazeer
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 23000, P.R. China
| | - H. Yin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 23000, P.R. China
| | - J. C. Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 23000, P.R. China
| | - M. Luo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 23000, P.R. China
| | - X. G. Meng
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Esquezaro PG, Manzano CM, Nakahata DH, Santos IA, Ruiz UEA, Santiago MB, Silva NBS, Martins CHG, Pereira DH, Bergamini FRG, Jardim ACG, Corbi PP. Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization and in vitro antibacterial and antiviral activities of novel silver(I) complexes with mafenide and ethyl-mafenide. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
8
|
Nagaraj S, Manivannan S, Narayan S. Potent antifungal agents and use of nanocarriers to improve delivery to the infected site: A systematic review. J Basic Microbiol 2021; 61:849-873. [PMID: 34351655 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202100204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
There are four major classes of antifungals with the predominant mechanism of action being targeting of cell wall or cell membrane. As in other drugs, low solubility of these compounds has led to low bioavailability in target tissues. Enhanced drug dosages have effects such as toxicity, drug-drug interactions, and increased drug resistance by fungi. This article reviews the current state-of-the-art of antifungals, structure, mechanism of action, other usages, and toxic side effects. The emergence of nanoformulations to transport and uniformly release cargo at the target site is a boon in antifungal treatment. The article details research that lead to the development of nanoformulations of antifungals and potential advantages and avoidance of the lacunae characterizing conventional drugs. A range of nanoformulations based on liposomes, polymers are in various stages of research and their potential advantages have been brought out. It could be observed that under similar dosages, test models, and duration, nanoformulations provided enhanced activity, reduced toxicity, higher uptake and higher immunostimulatory effects. In most instances, the mechanism of antifungal activity of nanoformulations was similar to that of regular antifungal. There are possibilities of coupling multiple antifungals on the same nano-platform. Increased activity coupled with multiple mechanisms of action presents for nanoformulations a tremendous opportunity to overcome antifungal resistance. In the years to come, robust methods for the preparation of nanoformulations taking into account the repeatability and reproducibility in action, furthering the studies on nanoformulation toxicity and studies of human models are required before extensive use of nanoformulations as a prescribed drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saraswathi Nagaraj
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Sivakami Manivannan
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Shoba Narayan
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fang X, Yang J, Zhang Y, Lv X, Wang X, Song N. Crystal structure of dimethanolato-k 2
O:O-bis(1-((2-methyl-1 H-benzo[ d]imidazol-1-yl)methyl)-1 H-benzo[ d][1,2,3]triazole- κN)-bis(thiocyanato- κN)dicopper(II), C 34H 32Cu 2N 12O 2S 2. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2021-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
C34H32Cu2N12O2S2, triclinic,
P
1
‾
$P‾{1}$
(no. 2), a = 7.7970(7) Å, b = 9.6110(9) Å, c = 12.7629(12) Å, α = 71.544(8)°, β = 79.322(8)°, γ = 83.734(8)°, Z = 1, V = 890.21(14) Å3, R
gt
(F) = 0.0634, wR
ref
(F
2) = 0.1827, T = 291(2) K.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Fang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine , Zhengzhou 450046 , P. R. China
| | - Jing Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine , Zhengzhou 450046 , P. R. China
| | - Ya‐Wen Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine , Zhengzhou 450046 , P. R. China
| | - Xin‐Ya Lv
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine , Zhengzhou 450046 , P. R. China
| | - Xia Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine , Zhengzhou 450046 , P. R. China
| | - Ning Song
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine , Zhengzhou 450046 , P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Improvement of the anti-Candida activity of itraconazole in the zebrafish infection model by its coordination to silver(I). J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|