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Reich JA, Aßmann M, Hölting K, Bubenheim P, Kuballa J, Liese A. Shift of the reaction equilibrium at high pressure in the continuous synthesis of neuraminic acid. Beilstein J Org Chem 2022; 18:567-579. [PMID: 35651700 PMCID: PMC9127241 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.18.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of a compound that helps fight against influenza is, in times of a pandemic, self-evident. In order to produce these compounds in vast quantities, many researchers consider continuous flow reactors in chemical industry as next stepping stone for large scale production. For these reasons, the synthesis of N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) in a continuous fixed-bed reactor by an immobilized epimerase and aldolase was investigated in detail. The immobilized enzymes showed high stability, with half-life times > 173 days under storage conditions (6 °C in buffer) and reusability over 50 recycling steps, and were characterized regarding the reaction kinetics (initial rate) and scalability (different lab scales) in a batch reactor. The reaction kinetics were studied in a continuous flow reactor. A high-pressure circular reactor (up to 130 MPa) was applied for the investigation of changes in the position of the reaction equilibrium. By this, equilibrium conversion, selectivity, and yield were increased from 57.9% to 63.9%, 81.9% to 84.7%, and 47.5% to 54.1%, respectively. This indicates a reduction in molar volume from N-acetyl-ᴅ-glucosamine (GlcNAc) and pyruvate (Pyr) to Neu5Ac. In particular, the circular reactor showed great potential to study reactions at high pressure while allowing for easy sampling. Additionally, an increase in affinity of pyruvate towards both tested enzymes was observed when high pressure was applied, as evidenced by a decrease of KI for the epimerase and KM for the aldolase from 108 to 42 mM and 91 to 37 mM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannis A Reich
- Institute of Technical Biocatalysis, Hamburg University of Technology, Denickestr. 15, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Miriam Aßmann
- GALAB Laboratories GmbH, Am Schleusengraben 7, 21029 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kristin Hölting
- GALAB Laboratories GmbH, Am Schleusengraben 7, 21029 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Paul Bubenheim
- Institute of Technical Biocatalysis, Hamburg University of Technology, Denickestr. 15, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kuballa
- GALAB Laboratories GmbH, Am Schleusengraben 7, 21029 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Liese
- Institute of Technical Biocatalysis, Hamburg University of Technology, Denickestr. 15, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
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Synthesis, crystal structure, computational study and anti-virus effect of mixed ligand copper (II) complex with ONS donor Schiff base and 1, 10-phenanthroline. J Mol Struct 2021; 1246:131246. [PMID: 34658419 PMCID: PMC8510892 DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This work deals with the synthesis, crystal structure, computational study and antiviral potential of mixed ligand copper(II) complex [Cu(L)(phen)](1), (where, H2L = (Z)-N'-((E)-2-hydroxy-3,5-diiodobenzylidene)-N,N-dimethylcarbamohydrazonothioic acid, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline). The Schiff base ligand (H2L) is coordinated with Cu(II) ion in O, N, S-tridentate mode. The copper complex (1) crystallized in the monoclinic system of the space group P21/c with eight molecules in the unit cell and reveals a square pyramidal geometry. Furthermore, we also perform quantum chemical calculations to get insights into the structure-property relationship and functional properties of ligand (H2L) and its copper (II) complex [Cu(L)(phen)](1). Complex [Cu(L)(phen)](1) was also virtually designed in-silico evaluation by Swiss-ADME. Additionally, inspiring by recent developments to find a potential inhibitor for the COVID-19 virus, we have also performed molecular docking study of ligand and its copper complex (1) to see if our compounds shows an affinity for the main protease (Mpro) of COVID-19 spike protein (PDB ID: 7C8U). Interestingly, the results are found quite encouraging where the binding affinity and inhibition constant were found to be -7.14 kcal/mol and 5.82 μM for ligand (H2L) and -6.18 kcal/mol and 0.76 μM for complex [Cu(L)(phen)](1) with Mpro protein. This binding affinity is reasonably well as compared to recently known antiviral drugs. For instance, the binding affinity of ligand and complex was found to be better than docking results of chloroquine (-6.293 kcal/mol), hydroxychloroquine (-5.573 kcal/mol) and remdesivir (-6.352 kcal/mol) with Mpro protein. The present study may offer the technological solutions and potential inhibition to the COVID-19 virus in the ongoing and future challenges of the global community. In the framework of synthesis and characterization of mixed ligand copper (II) complex; the major conclusions can be drawn as follow.
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Gediz Erturk A, Sahin A, Bati Ay E, Pelit E, Bagdatli E, Kulu I, Gul M, Mesci S, Eryilmaz S, Oba Ilter S, Yildirim T. A Multidisciplinary Approach to Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). Molecules 2021; 26:3526. [PMID: 34207756 PMCID: PMC8228528 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Since December 2019, humanity has faced an important global threat. Many studies have been published on the origin, structure, and mechanism of action of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the treatment of its disease. The priority of scientists all over the world has been to direct their time to research this subject. In this review, we highlight chemical studies and therapeutic approaches to overcome COVID-19 with seven different sections. These sections are the structure and mechanism of action of SARS-CoV-2, immunotherapy and vaccine, computer-aided drug design, repurposing therapeutics for COVID-19, synthesis of new molecular structures against COVID-19, food safety/security and functional food components, and potential natural products against COVID-19. In this work, we aimed to screen all the newly synthesized compounds, repurposing chemicals covering antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiparasitic, anticancer, antipsychotic, and antihistamine compounds against COVID-19. We also highlight computer-aided approaches to develop an anti-COVID-19 molecule. We explain that some phytochemicals and dietary supplements have been identified as antiviral bioproducts, which have almost been successfully tested against COVID-19. In addition, we present immunotherapy types, targets, immunotherapy and inflammation/mutations of the virus, immune response, and vaccine issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliye Gediz Erturk
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Ordu University, Altınordu, Ordu 52200, Turkey;
| | - Arzu Sahin
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences—Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Uşak University, 1-EylulUşak 64000, Turkey;
| | - Ebru Bati Ay
- Department of Plant and Animal Production, Suluova Vocational School, Amasya University, Suluova, Amasya 05100, Turkey;
| | - Emel Pelit
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Kırklareli University, Kırklareli 39000, Turkey;
| | - Emine Bagdatli
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Ordu University, Altınordu, Ordu 52200, Turkey;
| | - Irem Kulu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli 41400, Turkey;
| | - Melek Gul
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Amasya University, Ipekkoy, Amasya 05100, Turkey
| | - Seda Mesci
- Scientific Technical Application and Research Center, Hitit University, Çorum 19030, Turkey;
| | - Serpil Eryilmaz
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Amasya University, Ipekkoy, Amasya 05100, Turkey;
| | - Sirin Oba Ilter
- Food Processing Department, Suluova Vocational School, Amasya University, Suluova, Amasya 05100, Turkey;
| | - Tuba Yildirim
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Amasya University, Ipekkoy, Amasya 05100, Turkey;
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Rahimi R, Solimannejad M, Farghadani M. Adsorption of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine as potential drugs for SARS-CoV-2 infection on BC 3 nanosheets: a DFT study. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj03084a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption of HCQ on BC3 nanosheets is stronger than that of CQ. The hydrogenated BC3 nanosheet is a more prominent nanocarrier for the CQ and HCQ drugs than the bare BC3 monolayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezvan Rahimi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Arak University, Arak 38156-8-8349, Iran
- Institute of Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Arak University, Arak 38156-8-8349, Iran
| | - Mohammad Solimannejad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Arak University, Arak 38156-8-8349, Iran
- Institute of Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Arak University, Arak 38156-8-8349, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Farghadani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Arak University, Arak 38156-8-8349, Iran
- Institute of Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Arak University, Arak 38156-8-8349, Iran
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