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Badawy AM, Eltamany EE, Hussien RM, Mohamed OG, El-Ayouty MM, Nafie MS, Tripathi A, Ahmed SA. Cornulacin: a new isoflavone from Cornulaca monacantha and its isolation, structure elucidation and cytotoxicity through EGFR-mediated apoptosis. RSC Med Chem 2024:d4md00524d. [PMID: 39185453 PMCID: PMC11342161 DOI: 10.1039/d4md00524d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemical investigation of the methanolic extract of Cornulaca monacantha (Amaranthaceae), an annual wild herb collected from North Sinai, Egypt, yielded a new isoflavone cornulacin 1 and five known compounds: N-trans-feruloyltyramine 2, N-trans-feruloyl-3'-methoxytyramine 3, N-trans-caffeoyl tyramine 4, Cannabisin F 5 and (2aS, 3aS) lyciumamide D 6. Using MTT assay, the isolated compounds were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxicity against pancreatic (Panc1) and ovarian (A2780) cancer cell lines. Compounds 1, 2, 3, and 4 exhibited promising cytotoxic activity against the tested cells, among which compound 1 (IC50 of 2.1 ± 0.21 μM) was the most active one against A2780 cells, whereas compound 2 (IC50 of 3.4 ± 0.11 μM) was the most effective compound against Panc1 cells. Accordingly, compound 1 was further investigated for its apoptotic induction in A2780 cancer cells using Annexin V/PI staining. Compound 1 significantly stimulated apoptotic ovarian A2780 cancer cells by 45.9-fold and arrested cell proliferation in the S-phase. Such activity was mediated through the upregulation of proapoptotic genes Bax; P53; and caspase 3, 8, and 9 besides the downregulation of the Bcl-2 gene, the anti-apoptotic one. Furthermore, molecular docking investigation demonstrated the strong binding affinity of compound 1 with EGFR active sites, which validated its experimental EGFR enzyme inhibition activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Badawy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University - Arish Branch Arish 45511 Egypt
| | - Enas E Eltamany
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University Ismailia 41522 Egypt
| | - Rodina M Hussien
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University - Arish Branch Arish 45511 Egypt
| | - Osama G Mohamed
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University Kasr el Aini St. Cairo 11562 Egypt
- Natural Products Discovery Core, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Mayada M El-Ayouty
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University - Arish Branch Arish 45511 Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Nafie
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah P. O. Box 27272 Sharjah United Arab Emirates
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University Ismailia 41522 Egypt
| | - Ashootosh Tripathi
- Natural Products Discovery Core, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Safwat A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University Ismailia 41522 Egypt
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2
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Khodair AI, El-Hallouty SM, Cagle-White B, Abdel Aziz MH, Hanafy MK, Mowafy S, Hamdy NM, Kassab SE. Camptothecin structure simplification elaborated new imidazo[2,1-b]quinazoline derivative as a human topoisomerase I inhibitor with efficacy against bone cancer cells and colon adenocarcinoma. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 265:116049. [PMID: 38185054 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Camptothecin is a pentacyclic natural alkaloid that inhibits the hTop1 enzyme involved in DNA transcription and cancer cell growth. Camptothecin structure pitfalls prompted us to design new congeners using a structure simplification strategy to reduce the ring extension number from pentacyclic to tetracyclic while maintaining potential stacking of the new compounds with the DNA base pairs at the Top1-mediated cleavage complex and aqueous solubility, as well as minimizing compound-liver toxicity. The principal axis of this study was the verification of hTop1 inhibiting activity as a possible mechanism of action and the elaboration of new simplified inhibitors with improved pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profiling using three structure panels (A-C) of (isoquinolinoimidazoquinazoline), (imidazoquinazoline), and (imidazoisoquinoline), respectively. DNA relaxation assay identified five compounds as hTop1 inhibitors belonging to the imidazoisoquinolines 3a,b, the imidazoquinazolines 12, and the isoquinolinoimidazoquinazolines 7a,b. In an MTT cytotoxicity assay against different cancer cell lines, compound 12 was the most potent against HOS bone cancer cells (IC50 = 1.47 μM). At the same time, the other inhibitors had no detectable activity against any cancer cell type. Compound (12) demonstrated great penetrating power in the HOS cancer cells' 3D-multicellular tumor spheroid model. Bioinformatics research of the hTop1 gene revealed that the TP53 cell proliferative gene is in the network of hTop1. The finding is confirmed empirically using the gene expression assay that proved the increase in p53 expression. The impact of structure simplification on compound 12 profile, characterized by the absence of acute oral liver toxicity when compared to Doxorubicin as a standard inhibitor, the lethal dose measured on Swiss Albino female mice and reported at LD50 = 250 mg/kg, and therapeutic significance in reducing colon adenocarcinoma tumor volume by 75.36 % after five weeks of treatment with compound 12. The molecular docking solutions of the active CPT-based derivative 12 and the inactive congener 14 into the active site of hTop1 and the activity cliffing of such MMP directed us to recommend the addition of HBD and HBA variables to compound 12 imidazoquinazoline core scaffold to enhance the potency via hydrogen bond formation with the major groove amino acids (Asp533, Lys532) as well as maintaining the hydrogen bond with the minor groove amino acid Arg364.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed I Khodair
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.
| | - Salwa M El-Hallouty
- Drug Bioassay-Cell Culture Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Brittnee Cagle-White
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Health Outcomes, Fisch College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, TX, TX 75799, USA
| | - May H Abdel Aziz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Health Outcomes, Fisch College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, TX, TX 75799, USA
| | - Mahmoud Kh Hanafy
- Drug Bioassay-Cell Culture Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt; Research Centre for Idling Brain Science, Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Samar Mowafy
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Cairo, 11431, Egypt
| | - Nadia M Hamdy
- Biochemistry Dept., Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
| | - Shaymaa E Kassab
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, El-Buhaira, 22516, Egypt.
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3
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Khodair AI, Alzahrani FM, Awad MK, Al-Issa SA, Al-Hazmi GH, Nafie MS. Design, synthesis, molecular modelling and antitumor evaluation of S-glucosylated rhodanines through topo II inhibition and DNA intercalation. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2163996. [PMID: 36629439 PMCID: PMC9848385 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2163996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, 5-arylidene rhodanine derivatives 3a-f, N-glucosylation rhodanine 6, S-glucosylation rhodanine 7, N-glucoside rhodanine 8 and S-glucosylation 5-arylidene rhodanines 13a-c were synthesised and screened for cytotoxicity against a panel of cancer cells with investigating the effective molecular target and mechanistic cell death. The anomers were separated by flash column chromatography and their configurations were assigned by NMR spectroscopy. The stable structures of the compounds under study were modelled on a molecular level, and DFT calculations were carried out at the B3LYP/6-31 + G (d,p) level to examine their electronic and geometric features. A good correlation between the quantum chemical descriptors and experimental observations was found. Interestingly, compound 6 induced potent cytotoxicity against MCF-7, HepG2 and A549 cells, with IC50 values of 11.7, 0.21, and 1.7 µM, compared to Dox 7.67, 8.28, and 6.62 µM, respectively. For the molecular target, compound 6 exhibited topoisomerase II inhibition and DNA intercalation with IC50 values of 6.9 and 19.6 µM, respectively compared to Dox (IC50 = 9.65 and 31.27 µM). Additionally, compound 6 treatmnet significantly activated apoptotic cell death in HepG2 cells by 80.7-fold, it induced total apoptosis by 34.73% (23.07% for early apoptosis, 11.66% for late apoptosis) compared to the untreated control group (0.43%) arresting the cell population at the S-phase by 49.6% compared to control 39.15%. Finally, compound 6 upregulated the apoptosis-related genes, while it inhibted the Bcl-2 expression. Hence, glucosylated rhodanines may serve as a promising drug candidates against cancer with promising topoisomerase II and DNA intercalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed I. Khodair
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt,CONTACT Ahmed I. Khodair Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh33516, Egypt
| | - Fatimah M. Alzahrani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed K. Awad
- Theoretical Applied Chemistry Unit (TACU), Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Siham A. Al-Issa
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghaferah H. Al-Hazmi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S. Nafie
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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4
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Khodair AI, Alzahrani FM, Awad MK, Al-Issa SA, Al-Hazmi GH, Nafie MS. Design, Synthesis, Computational Investigations, and Antitumor Evaluation of N-Rhodanine Glycosides Derivatives as Potent DNA Intercalation and Topo II Inhibition against Cancer Cells. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:13300-13314. [PMID: 37065038 PMCID: PMC10099454 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen and sulfur glycosylation was carried out via the reaction of rhodanine (1) with α-acetobromoglucose 3 under basic conditions. Deacetylation of the protected nitrogen nucleoside 4 was performed with CH3ONa in CH3OH without cleavage of the rhodanine ring to afford the deprotected nitrogen nucleoside 6. Further, deacetylation of the protected sulfur nucleoside 5 was performed with CH3ONa in CH3OH with the cleavage of the rhodanine ring to give the hydrolysis product 7. The protected nitrogen nucleosides 11a-f were produced by condensing the protected nitrogen nucleoside 4 with the aromatic aldehydes 10a-f in C2H5OH while using morpholine as a secondary amine catalyst. Deacetylation of the protected nitrogen nucleosides 11a-f was performed with NaOCH3/CH3OH without cleavage of the rhodanine ring to afford the deprotected nitrogen nucleosides 12a-f. NMR spectroscopy was used to designate the anomers' configurations. To examine the electrical and geometric properties derived from the stable structure of the examined compounds, molecular modeling and DFT calculations using the B3LYP/6-31+G (d,p) level were carried out. The quantum chemical descriptors and experimental findings showed a strong connection. The IC50 values for most compounds were very encouraging when evaluated against MCF-7, HepG2, and A549 cancer cells. Interestingly, IC50 values for 11a, 12b, and 12f were much lower than those for Doxorubicin (7.67, 8.28, 6.62 μM): (3.7, 8.2, 9.8 μM), (3.1, 13.7, 21.8 μM), and (7.17, 2.2, 4.5 μM), respectively. Against Topo II inhibition and DNA intercalation, when compared to Dox (IC50 = 9.65 and 31.27 μM), compound 12f showed IC50 values of 7.3 and 18.2 μM, respectively. In addition, compound 12f induced a 65.6-fold increase in the rate of apoptotic cell death in HepG2 cells, with the cell cycle being arrested in the G2/M phase as a result. Additionally, it upregulated the apoptosis-mediated genes of P53, Bax, and caspase-3,8,9 by 9.53, 8.9, 4.16, 1.13, and 8.4-fold change, while it downregulated the Bcl-2 expression by 0.13-fold. Therefore, glucosylated Rhodanines may be useful as potential therapeutic candidates against cancer because of their topoisomerase II and DNA intercalation activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed I. Khodair
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh
University, 33516 Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Fatimah M. Alzahrani
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess
Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed K. Awad
- Theoretical
Applied Chemistry Unit (TACU), Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, 6632110 Tanta, Egypt
| | - Siham A. Al-Issa
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess
Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghaferah H. Al-Hazmi
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess
Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S. Nafie
- Chemistry
Department (Biochemistry program), Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, 41522 Ismailia, Egypt
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El-Barbary AA, Imam DR, El–Tahawy MM, El-Hallouty SM, Kheder NA, Khodair AI. Unexpected synthesis, characterization, biological evaluations, and computational details of novel nucleosides containing triazine-pyrrole hybrid. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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6
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Elsayed GH, Fahim AM, Khodair AI. Synthesis, anti-cancer activity, gene expression and docking stimulation of 2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-one derivatives. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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7
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Khedr AIM, Goda MS, Farrag AFS, Nasr AM, Swidan SA, Nafie MS, Abdel-Kader MS, Badr JM, Abdelhameed RFA. Silver Nanoparticles Formulation of Flower Head’s Polyphenols of Cynara scolymus L.: A Promising Candidate against Prostate (PC-3) Cancer Cell Line through Apoptosis Activation. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196304. [PMID: 36234842 PMCID: PMC9572662 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cynara scolymus L. (Family: Compositae) or artichoke is a nutritious edible plant widely used for its hepatoprotective effect. Crude extracts of flower, bract, and stem were prepared and evaluated for their in vitro antioxidant activity and phenolic content. The flower crude extract exhibited the highest phenolic content (74.29 mg GAE/gm) as well as the best in vitro antioxidant activity using total antioxidant capacity (TAC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FEAP), and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhyazyl (DPPH) scavenging assays compared with ascorbic acid. Phenolic fractions of the crude extracts of different parts were separated and identified using high-performance liquid chromatography HPLC-DAD analysis. The silver nanoparticles of these phenolic fractions were established and tested for their cytotoxicity and apoptotic activity. Results showed that silver nanoparticles of a polyphenolic fraction of flower extract (Nano-TP/Flowers) exhibited potent cytotoxicity against prostate (PC-3) and lung (A549) cancer cell lines with IC50 values of 0.85 μg/mL and 0.94 μg/mL, respectively, compared with doxorubicin as a standard. For apoptosis-induction, Nano-TP/Flowers exhibited apoptosis in PC-3 with a higher ratio than in A549 cells. It induced total prostate apoptotic cell death by 227-fold change while it induced apoptosis in A549 cells by 15.6-fold change. Nano-TP/Flowers upregulated both pro-apoptotic markers and downregulated the antiapoptotic genes using RT-PCR. Hence, this extract may serve as a promising source for anti-prostate cancer candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amgad I. M. Khedr
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said 42526, Egypt
| | - Marwa S. Goda
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galala University, New Galala 43713, Egypt
| | - Abdelaziz F. S. Farrag
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said 42526, Egypt
| | - Ali M. Nasr
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said 42526, Egypt
| | - Shady A. Swidan
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City 11837, Egypt
- The Centre for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City 11837, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S. Nafie
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Maged S. Abdel-Kader
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21215, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-545-539-145
| | - Jihan M. Badr
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Reda F. A. Abdelhameed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galala University, New Galala 43713, Egypt
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Synthesis of novel d-α-galactopyranosyl-l-seryl/l-threonyl-l-alanyl-l-alanine as useful precursors of new glycopeptide antibiotics with computational calculations studies. Carbohydr Res 2022; 514:108546. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2022.108546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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9
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Elbadawi MM, Khodair AI, Awad MK, Kassab SE, Elsaady MT, Abdellatif KR. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel thiohydantoin derivatives as antiproliferative agents: A combined experimental and theoretical assessments. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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10
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Khodair AI, Bakare SB, Awad MK, Al‐Issa SA, Nafie MS. Design, synthesis, and computational explorations of novel 2‐thiohydantoin nucleosides with cytotoxic activities. J Heterocycl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed I. Khodair
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Kafrelsheikh University Kafrelsheikh Egypt
| | - Safyah B. Bakare
- Faculty of Education Shaqra University Shaqra Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed K. Awad
- Theoretical Applied Chemistry Unit (TACU), Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Tanta University Tanta Egypt
| | - Siham A. Al‐Issa
- Chemistry Department College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S. Nafie
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Suez Canal University Ismailia Egypt
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Nafie MS, Khodair AI, Hassan HAY, El-Fadeal NMA, Bogari HA, Elhady SS, Ahmed SA. Evaluation of 2-Thioxoimadazolidin-4-one Derivatives as Potent Anti-Cancer Agents through Apoptosis Induction and Antioxidant Activation: In Vitro and In Vivo Approaches. Molecules 2021; 27:83. [PMID: 35011314 PMCID: PMC8746798 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most widespread malignancies and is reported as the fourth most prevalent cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the probable mechanistic cytotoxic effect of the promising 2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-one derivative on liver cancer cells using in vitro and in vivo approaches. The compounds were tested for the in vitro cytotoxic activity using MTT assay, and the promising compound was tested in colony forming unit assay, flow cytometric analysis, RT-PCR, Western blotting, in vivo using SEC-carcinoma and in silico to highlight the virtual mechanism of action. Both compounds 4 and 2 performed cytotoxic effects against HepG2 cells with IC50 values of 0.017 and 0.18 μM, respectively, compared to Staurosporine and 5-Fu as reference drugs with IC50 values of 5.07 and 5.18 µM, respectively. Compound 4 treatment revealed apoptosis induction by 19.35-fold (11.42% compared to 0.59% in control), arresting the cell cycle at G2/M phase. Moreover, studying gene expression that plays critical roles in cell cycle and apoptosis by RT-PCR demonstrated that compound 4 enhances the expression of the pro-apoptotic genes p53, PUMA, and Caspase 3, 8, and 9, and impedes the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 gene in the HepG2 cells. It can also inhibit the PI3K/AKT pathway at both gene and protein levels, which was reinforced by the in silico predictions of the molecular docking simulations towards the PI3K/AKT proteins. Finally, in vivo study verified that compound 4 has a promising anti-cancer activity through activating antioxidant levels (CAT, SOD and GSH) and ameliorating hematological, biochemical, and histopathological findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S. Nafie
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I. Khodair
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Hebat Allah Y. Hassan
- Institute of Biotechnology for Graduate Studies & Research, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
| | - Noha M. Abd El-Fadeal
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
| | - Hanin A. Bogari
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sameh S. Elhady
- Department of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Safwat A. Ahmed
- Institute of Biotechnology for Graduate Studies & Research, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
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12
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Khodair AI, El-Barbary AA, Imam DR, Kheder NA, Elmalki F, Ben Hadda T. Synthesis, antiviral, DFT and molecular docking studies of some novel 1,2,4-triazine nucleosides as potential bioactive compounds. Carbohydr Res 2021; 500:108246. [PMID: 33516074 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of nucleosides with potential antiviral activity have been synthesized and characterized using IR, MS, 1D NMR and 2D NMR data. The antiviral activity of the synthesized compounds was assessed against the Coxsackie B virus and Hepatitis A virus (HAV-10). The results revealed that compound 6 is equipotent to the standard drug Ribavirin against HAV-10. Also, some computational studies, such as the prediction of pharmacokinetic properties, toxicity, and bioactivity, have been done.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed I Khodair
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed A El-Barbary
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Dalia R Imam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt; Department of Basic Science, High Institute of Engineering & Technology, ElMahala, ElKobra, Egypt
| | - Nabila A Kheder
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Faisal Elmalki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taibi Ben Hadda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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