1
|
Albaaj LTT, Hassan QMA, Dhumad AM, Sultan HA, Emshary CA. Synthesis of a New Schiff Base: Nonlinear Optical Properties Investigations. J Fluoresc 2024:10.1007/s10895-024-03784-9. [PMID: 38874824 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-024-03784-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
A Schiff base is prepared by the reaction of 7-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde with 4-aminoben-zenesulfonamide. The prepared Schiff base L4 compound was characterized by 1H NMR, Mass and FTIR spectroscopies. The optimization of the prepared L4 compound is carried out via DFT-B3LYP and 6-311G (d,p). The nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of the prepared L4 compound are investigated theoretically by the calculation of some quantum chemical descriptors (QCDs). TD-DFT via B3LYP and 6-311G calculations are used to study L4 compound UV-vis. spectrum at the same theoretical method and level. The L4 compound NLO properties are examined via irradiation with a CW laser beam, where the nonlinear index of refraction (NLIR) is calculated via diffraction patterns (DPs) and the Z-scan and as high as 4.579 × 10-11 m2/W of NLRI is obtained. Static (S) and dynamic (D) all optical switching (AOS) are examined using two CW and pulsed laser beams of wavelengths (473 and 532) nm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luma Taher Tuma Albaaj
- Department of Chemistry, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Basrah, Basrah, 61001, Iraq
| | - Qusay M A Hassan
- Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Basrah, Basrah, 61001, Iraq.
| | - Adil Muala Dhumad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Basrah, Basrah, 61001, Iraq
| | - H A Sultan
- Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Basrah, Basrah, 61001, Iraq
| | - C A Emshary
- Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Basrah, Basrah, 61001, Iraq
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ali AH, Sultan HA, Hassan QMA, Emshary CA. Thermal and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Sudan III. J Fluoresc 2024; 34:635-653. [PMID: 37338725 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03312-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
We report the experimental and theoretical study of the diffraction patterns (DPs) and thermal properties of Sudan III. DPs are used in the calculation of the Sudan III nonlinear refractive index (NLRI), n 2 . As high as n 2 = 7.69 ×10-6 cm2/W is obtained. The study of the Sudan III thermal conductivity, TC, shows the reduction of the TC against the increase of the Sudan III temperature. The property, all-optical switching (AOS), is studied in details, both static and dynamic ones, using two, cw, visible, single mode laser beams of wavelengths 473 and 635 nm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hussein Ali
- Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Basrah, Basrah, 61001, Iraq
| | - H A Sultan
- Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Basrah, Basrah, 61001, Iraq
| | - Qusay M A Hassan
- Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Basrah, Basrah, 61001, Iraq.
| | - C A Emshary
- Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Basrah, Basrah, 61001, Iraq
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nagar A, Srivastava A, Sengupta A, Sk MA, Goyal P, Verma PK, Mohapatra PK. Experimental and Theoretical Insight into the Ionic Liquid-Mediated Complexation of Trivalent Lanthanides with β-Diketone and Its Fluorinated Analogue. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:2533-2552. [PMID: 38272469 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
A multitechnique approach with theoretical insights has been employed to understand the complexation of trivalent lanthanides with two β-diketones, viz. 1-phenyl-1,3-butanedione (L1) and 4,4,4-trifluoro-1-phenyl-1,3-butanedione (L2), in an ionic liquid (C6mim·NTf2). UV-vis spectral analysis of complexation using Nd3+ revealed the predominance of ML2+ and ML4- species. The stability constants for the PB complexes were higher (β2 ∼ 10.45 ± 0.05, β4 ∼ 15.51 ± 0.05) than those for the TPB (β2 ∼ 7.56 ± 0.05, β4 ∼ 13.19 ± 0.06). The photoluminescence titration using Eu3+ corroborated the same observations with slightly higher stability constants, probably due to the higher ionic potential of Eu3+. The more asymmetric (AL2ML4 ∼ 5.2) Eu-L2 complex was found to contain one water molecule in the primary coordination sphere of Eu3+ with more covalency of the Eu3+-O bond (Ω2L1 = 8.5 × 10-20, Ω4L1 = 1.3 × 10-20) compared to the less asymmetric Eu-L1 complex (AL1ML4 ∼ 3.5) with two water molecules having less Eu-O covalency (Judd-Offelt parameters: Ω2L1 = 7.3 × 10-20, Ω4L1 = 1.0 × 10-20). Liquid-liquid extraction studies involving Nd3+ and Eu3+ revealed the formation of the ML4- complex following an 'anion exchange' mechanism. The shift of the enol peak from 1176 to 1138 cm-1 on the complexation of the β-diketones with Eu3+ was confirmed from the FTIR spectra. 1H NMR titration of the β-diketones with La(NTf2)3 evidenced the participation of α-H of the β-diketones and protons at C2, C4, and C5 positions of the methylimidazolium ring. For the ML2 complex, 4 donor O atoms are suggested to coordinate to the trivalent lanthanides with bond distances of 2.3297-2.411 Å for La-O, 2.206-2.236 Å for Eu-O, and 2.217-2.268 Å for Nd-O, respectively, while for the ML4 complex, 8 donor O atoms were coordinated with bond lengths of 2.506-2.559 Å for La-O, 2.367-2.447 Å for Eu-O, and 2.408-2.476 Å for Nd-O. The Nd3+ ion was higher by 9.7 kcal·mol-1 than that of the La3+ ion for the 1:4 complex. The complexation energy with L1 was quite higher than that with L2 for both 1:2 and 1:4 complexes. Using cyclic voltammetry, the redox behavior of trivalent lanthanides Eu and Gd with β-diketonate in ionic liquid medium was probed and their redox energetic and kinetic parameters were determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adityamani Nagar
- UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, Mumbai 400098, India
| | - Ashutosh Srivastava
- Radiochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Arijit Sengupta
- Radiochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Musharaf Ali Sk
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
- Chemical Engineering Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Priya Goyal
- Radiochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Parveen K Verma
- Radiochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Prasanta K Mohapatra
- Radiochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Al-Roumy AM, Al-Saymari FA, Sultan HA, Hassan QMA, Elias RS, Alsalim TA, Saeed BA, Emshary CA, Mahdi MA. Nonlinear Optical Properties and All Optical Switching of Curcumin Derivatives. J Fluoresc 2024; 34:283-303. [PMID: 37209224 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03257-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In this work OR1(E1,6E) -1,7-bis (4-propyloxy phenyl) hepta-1,6-diene-3,5 dione compound is synthesized. The compound has been characterized via computational technique by studying the molecule's electronic structures through calculating its HOMO and LUMO energies, and its band gap energy (EHOMO-ELUMO). The nonlinear refractive index (NLRI) of the solution of OR1 compound in DMF solvent is determined using diffraction patterns (DPs) which resulted when a continuous wave laser beam of wavelength 473 nm traversed the compound solution in a glass cell of 1 mm thickness. By counting the number of rings under maximum beam input power, the NLRI of value 10- 6 cm2/W resulted. The NLRI is calculated once more via the Z-scan technique and a value of 0.25 × 10- 7 cm2/W is obtained. The vertical convection current in the OR1 compound solution appears to be responsible for the asymmetries noticed in the DPs. The temporal variation of each DP is noticed together with the evolution of DPs against beam input power. DPs are numerically simulated based on the Fresnel-Kirchhoff integral with good accord compared to the experimental findings. Dynamic and static all-optical switching in the OR1 compound using two laser beams (473 and 532 nm) is tested successfully.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alaa M Al-Roumy
- Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Basrah, Basrah, 61001, Iraq
| | - F A Al-Saymari
- Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Basrah, Basrah, 61001, Iraq
| | - H A Sultan
- Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Basrah, Basrah, 61001, Iraq
| | - Qusay M A Hassan
- Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Basrah, Basrah, 61001, Iraq.
| | - Rita S Elias
- College of Pharmacy, University of Basrah, Basrah, 61001, Iraq
| | - Tahseen A Alsalim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Basrah, Basrah, 61001, Iraq
| | - Bahjat A Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Basrah, Basrah, 61001, Iraq
| | - C A Emshary
- Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Basrah, Basrah, 61001, Iraq
| | - M A Mahdi
- Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Basrah, Basrah, 61001, Iraq
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nagar A, Sengupta A, Sk MA, Mohapatra PK. Ionic Liquid Assisted Exothermic Complexation of Trivalent Lanthanides with Fluorinated β Diketone: Multitechnique Approach with Theoretical Insight. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:19631-19647. [PMID: 37970800 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The complexation of the betadiketone,1,1,1,2,2,3,3-heptafluoro-7,7-dimethyl-4,6-octanedione (HFOD) was studied with trivalent lanthanide ions, viz. Nd3+, La3+, and Eu3+ in several methylimidazolium-based ionic liquids (Cnmim•NTf2, where, n = 4,6,8). In C6mim•NTf2, predominant formation of ML2+ and ML4- species was evidenced from the UV-vis absorption (Nd3+) as well as luminescence (Eu3+) spectral studies with log β2 ≈ 5.88 ± 0.04, log β4 ≈ 10.95 ± 0.06. The formation constants followed the trend C4mim•NTf2 > C6mim•NTf2 > C8mim•NTf2. The asymmetry factors for the ML2+ and ML4- species were found to be 1.2 and 1.59, respectively. The ML4- complex was found to have one primary coordination sphere water molecule with enhanced covalency between Eu3+ and O from HFOD (Judd Offelt constants Ω2 and Ω4 ≈ 17.2 and 2.35) compared to Eu3+aq, yet comparable to other β diketones. Complexation-induced temperature increase was confirmed by calorimetric measurements, indicating the exothermic complexation reaction (ΔHcomplexation ≈ -13.7 kJ mol-1), which is also spontaneous in nature (ΔG ≈ -68.1 kJ mol-1), with an enhancement in the entropy values. Due to complexation, the shifts in the peak positions (1686.66 cm-1, 1633.53 cm-1) associated with β diketone/ketone functional groups were evidenced. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation was performed to optimize the structural parameters including bond distance, bond angles, and energetics associated with the complexation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adityamani Nagar
- UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, Mumbai 400098, India
| | - Arijit Sengupta
- Radiochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Musharaf Ali Sk
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
- Chemical Engineering Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - Prasanta K Mohapatra
- Radiochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jabber WH, Hassan QMA, Al-Saymari FA. Determination of Linear, Nonlinear, and the Optical Limiting Properties of Sudan Brown RR in a Solid Film and Solution. J Fluoresc 2023; 33:2369-2380. [PMID: 37071229 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03227-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
The casting technique is employed to prepare the film from a mixture of sudan brown RR (SBRR) dye and poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA). The surface profile of this film is identified using a scanning probe microscope and image J software. The linear optical (LO) properties of the solid film were studied. The nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of SBRR/PMMA film and sudan brown (RR) solution in dimethylformamide (DMF) as a solvent are evaluated using two methods including diffraction ring patterns and Z-scan. The optical limiting (OLg) property for the SBRR/PMMA film and SBRR solution was extensively investigated. The values of nonlinear refractive index (NRI) and threshold limiting (TH) of the solid film and dye solution were compared.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Watan H Jabber
- Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Basrah, Basrah, 61001, Iraq
| | - Qusay M A Hassan
- Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Basrah, Basrah, 61001, Iraq.
| | - F A Al-Saymari
- Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Basrah, Basrah, 61001, Iraq
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tuma FA, Ashoor MJ, Sultan HA, Al-Saymari FA, Hassan QMA, Alsalim TA, Emshary CA, Saeed BA. Curcumin Analogue Spectral, Nonlinear Optical Properties and All-optical Switching Using Visible, Low Power Cw Laser Beams. J Fluoresc 2023:10.1007/s10895-023-03475-x. [PMID: 37906361 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03475-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we conducted the synthesis and diagnosis of compound denoted as 1A3, specifically, (2E,4E,9E,11E)-7-chloro-2,12-diphenyltrideca-2,4,9,11-tetraene-6,8-dione. The photoluminescent and UV-vis spectral properties of this compound are investigated. The compound is dissolved in both chloroform and DMF for analysis purposes. Compound 1A3's nonlinear optical (NLO) characteristics when dissolved in DMF, are extensively studied through a series of experiments including diffraction patterns (DPs) and Z-scan. The optical limiting (OL) property of the 1A3 compound is tested and a threshold value of 12.4 mW at the wavelength 473 nm is obtained. Additionally, we explored its potential for all-optical switching utilizing two low-power visible laser beams. Notably, we achieved a significant nonlinear refractive index (NLRI) reaching up to 5.921 x 10-11 m2/W. To analyze the obtained diffraction patterns, we employed the Fresnel-Kirchhoff integral equation and conducted meticulous simulations. The numerical outcomes showed satisfactory agreement with the experimental observations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fadhil A Tuma
- Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Basrah, Basrah, 61001, Iraq
| | - M J Ashoor
- Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Basrah, Basrah, 61001, Iraq
| | - H A Sultan
- Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Basrah, Basrah, 61001, Iraq
| | - F A Al-Saymari
- Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Basrah, Basrah, 61001, Iraq
| | - Qusay M A Hassan
- Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Basrah, Basrah, 61001, Iraq.
| | - Tahseen A Alsalim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Basrah, Basrah, 61001, Iraq
| | - C A Emshary
- Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Basrah, Basrah, 61001, Iraq
| | - Bahjat A Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Basrah, Basrah, 61001, Iraq
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Al-Timimy KA, Sultan HA, Hassan QMA, Emshary CA, Abdullah AQ, Arebi EAR. The Preparation and Nonlinear Properties Study of a Mixture of Polyurethane and Neutral Red Dye Solution. J Fluoresc 2023; 33:1761-1776. [PMID: 36826731 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03189-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
A mixture of polyurethane (PU) and neutral red (NR) dye solution is prepared. The nonlinear optical properties of the mixture of PU with NR dye solution are studied using a 473 nm laser beam of continuous fashion. The nonlinear refraction index of prepared material is determined via diffraction patterns and Z-scan. The diffraction patterns are calculated based on the Fresnel-Kirchhoff integral. Optical limiting of the prepared material is tested. All-optical switching occur in the sample using two low power visible laser beams.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kh A Al-Timimy
- Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Basrah, Basrah, 61001, Iraq
| | - H A Sultan
- Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Basrah, Basrah, 61001, Iraq
| | - Qusay M A Hassan
- Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Basrah, Basrah, 61001, Iraq.
| | - C A Emshary
- Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Basrah, Basrah, 61001, Iraq
| | - Ali Qassim Abdullah
- Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Basrah, Basrah, 61001, Iraq
| | - Emad Abdul Reaz Arebi
- Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Basrah, Basrah, 61001, Iraq
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Issa MAR, Moker MH, Sultan H, Dhumad AM, Hassan QM, Emshary C. Synthesis, two dimensional NMR analysis, DFT, and nonlinear optical investigations of a new cyclic imide. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
|
10
|
Huilgol MI, Sriram V, Udupa HJ, Balasubramanian K. Computational studies of toxicity and properties of β-diketones through topological indices and M/NM-polynomials. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2023.114108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
|
11
|
Raheem NA, Hassan QM, Dhumad AM, Sultan H, Fahad T, Emshary C, Ali NW. DFT structural and optical nonlinear investigations of a synthesized new azo β-diketone dye. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2023.100928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
12
|
Moker MH, Hassan QM, Ibraheem HS, Sultan H, Dhumad AM, Emshary C. Synthesis, 2D-NMR analysis, DFT, and optical nonlinear studies of a new cyclic imide. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.134923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
13
|
Al-Hamdani UJ, Hassan QM, Zaidan AM, Sultan H, Ali Hussain K, Emshary C, Alabdullah ZT. Optical nonlinear properties and all optical switching in a synthesized liquid crystal. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
14
|
Faisal AG, Hassan QMA, Alsalim TA, Sultan HA, Kamounah FS, Emshary CA. Synthesis, optical nonlinear properties, and all‐optical switching of curcumin analogues. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayman G. Faisal
- Department of Applied Marine Sciences, College of Marine Sciences University of Basrah Basrah Iraq
| | - Qusay M. A. Hassan
- Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Sciences University of Basrah Basrah Iraq
| | - Tahseen A. Alsalim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Education for Pure Sciences University of Basrah Basrah Iraq
| | - H. A. Sultan
- Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Sciences University of Basrah Basrah Iraq
| | | | - C. A. Emshary
- Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Sciences University of Basrah Basrah Iraq
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Nonlinear optical properties investigation of a newly synthesised Azo-(β)- diketone dye. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|