1
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Malik AN, Ali A, Ashfaq M, Tahir MN, Alam MM, Mostafa MS, Kuznetsov A. A synthetic approach towards drug modification: 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde based imine-zwitterion preparation, single-crystal study, Hirshfeld surface analysis, and computational investigation. RSC Adv 2024; 14:6476-6493. [PMID: 38390507 PMCID: PMC10879849 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08727a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The current work is about the modification of primary amine functionalized drugs, pyrimethamine and 4-amino-N-(2,3-dihydrothiazol-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide, via condensation reaction with 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde to produce new organic zwitterionic compounds (E)-1-(((4-(N-(2,3-dihydrothiazol-2-yl)sulfamoyl)phenyl)iminio)methyl)naphthalen-2-olate (DSPIN) and (E)-1-(((4-amino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-6-ethylpyrimidin-2-yl)iminio)methyl)naphthalen-2-olate (ACPIN) in methanol as a solvent. The crystal structures of both compounds were confirmed to be imine-based zwitterionic products via single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD) analysis which indicated that the stabilization of both crystalline compounds is achieved via various noncovalent interactions. The supramolecular assembly in terms of noncovalent interactions was explored by the Hirshfeld surface analysis. Void analysis was carried out to predict the crystal mechanical response. Compound geometries calculated in the DFT (Density Functional Theory) study showed reasonably good agreement with the experimentally determined structural parameters. Frontier molecular orbital (FMO) analysis showed that the DSPIN HOMO/LUMO gap is by 0.15 eV smaller than the ACPIN HOMO/LUMO gap due to some destabilization of the DSPIN HOMO and some stabilization of its LUMO. The results of the charge analysis implied formation of intramolecular hydrogen bonds and suggested formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonding and dipole-dipole and dispersion interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akbar Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad 38000-Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ashfaq
- Department of Physics, University of Sargodha Sargodha 40100 Pakistan
| | | | - Mohammad Mahtab Alam
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, King Khalid University Abha 61421 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S Mostafa
- Department of Physical Sciences, College of Science, Jazan University P.O. Box 114 Jazan 45142 Saudi Arabia
| | - Aleksey Kuznetsov
- Departamento de Química, Campus Santiago Vitacura, Universidad Tecnica Federico Santa María Av. Santa María 6400 Vitacura 7660251 Chile
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2
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Jamil S, Gondal HY, Ali A, Hussain A, Akram N, Nisar M, Tahir MN, Ashfaq M, Raza AR, Muhammad S, Cheema ZM, Mustafai A, Sameeh MY. Benzimidazolium quaternary ammonium salts: synthesis, single crystal and Hirshfeld surface exploration supported by theoretical analysis. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 11:231094. [PMID: 38356872 PMCID: PMC10864785 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.231094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Owing to the broad applications of quaternary ammonium salts (QAS), we present the synthesis of benzimidazolium-based analogues with variation in the alkyl and alkoxy group at N-1 and N-3 positions. All the compounds were characterized by spectroscopic techniques and found stable to air and moisture both in the solid and solution state. Moreover, molecular structures were established through single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The crystal packing of the compounds was stabilized by numerous intermolecular interactions explored by Hirshfeld surface analysis. The enrichment ratio was calculated for the pairs of chemical species to acquire the highest propensity to form contacts. Void analysis was carried out to check the mechanical response of the compounds. Furthermore, theoretical investigations were also performed to explore the optoelectronic properties of compounds. Natural population analysis (NPA) has been conducted to evaluate the distribution of charges on the synthesized compounds, whereas high band gaps of the synthesized compounds by frontier molecular orbital (FMO) analysis indicated their stability. Nonlinear optical (NLO) analysis revealed that the synthesized QAS demonstrates significantly improved NLO behaviour than the standard urea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajid Jamil
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | | | - Akbar Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000 Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Ajaz Hussain
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, 60800, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Nadia Akram
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000 Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nisar
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Ashfaq
- Department of Physics, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100 Pakistan
| | - Abdul Rauf Raza
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Shabbir Muhammad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, PO Box 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zain M. Cheema
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Aleena Mustafai
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, 60800, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Manal Y. Sameeh
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Al-Leith University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24831, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Riaz M, Ali A, Ashfaq M, Ibrahim M, Akram N, Tahir MN, Kuznetsov A, Rodríguez L, Sameeh MY, Assiri MA, Torre AFDL. Polymorphs of Substituted p-Toluenesulfonanilide: Synthesis, Single-Crystal Analysis, Hirshfeld Surface Exploration, and Theoretical Investigation. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:35307-35320. [PMID: 37779999 PMCID: PMC10536877 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Polymorphism is an exciting feature of chemical systems where a compound can exist in different crystal forms. The present investigation is focused on the two polymorphic forms, triclinic (MSBT) and monoclinic (MSBM), of ethyl 3-iodo-4-((4-methylphenyl)sulfonamido)benzoate prepared from ethyl 4-amino-3-iodobenzoate. The prepared polymorphs were unambiguously confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD) analysis. According to the SC-XRD results, the molecular configurations of both structures are stabilized by intramolecular N-H···I and C-H···O bonding. The crystal packing of MSBT is different as compared to the crystal packing of MSBM because MSBT is crystallized in the triclinic crystal system with the space group P1̅, whereas MSBM is crystallized in the monoclinic crystal system with the space group P21/c. The molecules of MSBT are interlinked in the form of dimers through N-H···O bonding to form R22(8) loops, while the MSBM molecules are connected with each other in the form of an infinite chain through C-H···O bonding. The crystal packing of both compounds is further stabilized by off-set π···π stacking interactions between phenyl rings, which is found stronger in MSBM as compared to in MSBT. Moreover, Hirshfeld surface exploration of the polymorphs was carried out, and the results were compared with the closely related literature structure. Accordingly, the supramolecular assembly of these polymorphs is mainly stabilized by noncovalent interactions or intermolecular interactions. Furthermore, a density functional theory (DFT) study was also carried out, which provided good support for the SC-XRD and Hirshfeld studies, suggesting the formation of both intramolecular and intermolecular interactions for both compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehreen Riaz
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Government College
University Faisalabad, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Akbar Ali
- Department
of Chemistry, Government College University
Faisalabad, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ashfaq
- Department
of Physics, University of Sargodha, 40100 Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ibrahim
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Government College
University Faisalabad, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Nadia Akram
- Department
of Chemistry, Government College University
Faisalabad, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Aleksey Kuznetsov
- Departamento
de Química, Campus Santiago Vitacura, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Vitacura 7660251, Chile
| | - Lyanne Rodríguez
- Department
of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohaematology, Thrombosis Research
Center, Medical Technology School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Manal Y. Sameeh
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Al-Leith University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24831, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Assiri
- Research
center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61514, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid
University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Mashhadi SM, Bhatti MH, Jabeen E, Yunus U, Ashfaq M, Akhtar M, Tahir MN, Alshehri SM, Ahmed S, Ojha SC. Synthesis and Antioxidant Studies of 2,4-Dioxothiazolidine-5-acetic Acid Based Organic Salts: SC-XRD and DFT Approach. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:30186-30198. [PMID: 37636949 PMCID: PMC10448636 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, two organic salts (1 and 2) are synthesized, and then crystalline structures are characterized by FTIR, UV spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallographic studies. The organic salts 1 and 2 are optimized at the M06/6-311G(d,p)level of theory and further utilized for analysis of natural bond orbitals (NBOs), natural population, frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), and global reactivity parameters, which confirmed the stability of the studied compounds and charge transfer phenomenon in the studied compounds. The studies further revealed that 1 and 2 are more stable than 3. The lowest energy merged monomer-coformer conformations were docked as flexible ligands with rigid fungal proteins and DNA receptors. The stagnant binding of the monomer through two H bonds with protein was observed for ligands 1 and 3 while different pattern was found with 2. The coformers formed a single H bond with the active site in 2 and 3 and a single pi-arene H interaction in 1. The two-point ligand-receptor interactions hooked the monomer between DNA base pairs for partial intercalation; pi stacking with additive hydrogen bonding with the base pair led to a strong benzimidazole interaction in 1 and 2, whereas ethylene diamine formed weak H bonding. Thus, the molecular docking predicted that the coformer exhibited DNA intercalation reinforced by its salt formation with benzimidazole 1 and methyl benzimidazole 2. Antioxidant studies depicted that 3 has a higher IC50 value than that of 2,4-D and also the largest value among the studied compounds, whereas 2 showed the lowest value among the studied compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Muddassir
Ali Mashhadi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sialkot, Sialkot, Punjab 56400, Pakistan
- Department
of Chemistry, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Moazzam H. Bhatti
- Department
of Chemistry, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Erum Jabeen
- Department
of Chemistry, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Yunus
- Department
of Chemistry, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ashfaq
- Department
of Physics, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab 40100, Pakistan
| | - Mahjbeen Akhtar
- Department
of Chemistry, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | | | - Saad M. Alshehri
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud
University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarfraz Ahmed
- Wellman
Center for Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Suvash Chandra Ojha
- Department
of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital
of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
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5
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Assad M, Paracha RN, Siddique AB, Shaheen MA, Ahmad N, Mustaqeem M, Kanwal F, Mustafa MZU, Rehman MFU, Fatima S, Lu C. In Silico and In Vitro Studies of 4-Hydroxycoumarin-Based Heterocyclic Enamines as Potential Anti-Tumor Agents. Molecules 2023; 28:5828. [PMID: 37570800 PMCID: PMC10421012 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study reports the one-step synthesis of several 3-formyl-4-hydroxycouramin-derived enamines (4a-4i) in good yields (65-94%). The characterization of the synthesized compounds was carried out via advanced analytical and spectroscopic techniques, such as melting point, electron impact mass spectrometry (EI-MS), 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, elemental analysis, FTIR, and UV-Visible spectroscopy. The reaction conditions were optimized, and the maximum yield was obtained at 3-4 h of reflux of the reactants, using 2-butanol as a solvent. The potato disc tumor assay was used to assess Agrobacterium tumefaciens-induced tumors to evaluate the anti-tumor activities of compounds (4a-4i), using Vinblastine as a standard drug. The compound 4g showed the lowest IC50 value (1.12 ± 0.2), which is even better than standard Vinblastine (IC50 7.5 ± 0.6). For further insight into their drug actions, an in silico docking of the compounds was also carried out against the CDK-8 protein. The binding energy values of compounds were found to agree with the experimental results. The compounds 4g and 4h showed the best affinities toward protein, with a binding energy value of -6.8 kcal/mol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mediha Assad
- College of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Ren Min Road, Shanghai 201620, China
- Department of Chemistry, Government Graduate Islamia College for Women Cantt Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | | | - Abu Bakar Siddique
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan; (A.B.S.)
| | | | - Nadeem Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, Comsats University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mustaqeem
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan; (A.B.S.)
| | - Fariha Kanwal
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | | | | | - Sumaya Fatima
- Research Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
| | - Changrui Lu
- College of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Ren Min Road, Shanghai 201620, China
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6
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Tahir MN, Ali A, Khalid M, Ashfaq M, Naveed M, Murtaza S, Shafiq I, Asghar MA, Orfali R, Perveen S. Efficient Synthesis of Imine-Carboxylic Acid Functionalized Compounds: Single Crystal, Hirshfeld Surface and Quantum Chemical Exploration. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28072967. [PMID: 37049730 PMCID: PMC10096040 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28072967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Two aminobenzoic acid based crystalline imines (HMBA and DHBA) were synthesized through a condensation reaction of 4-aminobenzoic acid and substituted benzaldehydes. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed for the determination of structures of prepared Schiff bases. The stability of super molecular structures of both molecules was achieved by intramolecular H-bonding accompanied by strong, as well as comparatively weak, intermolecular attractive forces. The comparative analysis of the non-covalent forces in HMBA and DHBA was performed by Hirshfeld surface analysis and an interaction energy study between the molecular pairs. Along with the synthesis, quantum chemical calculations were also accomplished at M06/6-311G (d, p) functional of density functional theory (DFT). The frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), natural bond orbitals (NBOs), global reactivity parameters (GRPs) and natural population (NPA) analyses were also carried out. The findings of FMOs found that Egap for HMBA was examined to be smaller (3.477 eV) than that of DHBA (3.7933 eV), which indicated a greater charge transference rate in HMBA. Further, the NBO analysis showed the efficient intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), as studied by Hirshfeld surface analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akbar Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (M.K.); (R.O.)
| | - Muhammad Khalid
- Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (M.K.); (R.O.)
| | - Muhammad Ashfaq
- Department of Physics, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Mubashir Naveed
- Department of Physics, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Shahzad Murtaza
- Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Shafiq
- Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adnan Asghar
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore 54770, Pakistan
| | - Raha Orfali
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (M.K.); (R.O.)
| | - Shagufta Perveen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Computer, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD 21251, USA
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7
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Ahmad MS, Siddique AB, Khalid M, Ali A, Shaheen MA, Tahir MN, Imran M, Irfan A, Khan MU, Paixão MW. Synthesis, antioxidant activity, antimicrobial efficacy and molecular docking studies of 4-chloro-2-(1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-diphenyl-1 H-imidazol-2-yl)phenol and its transition metal complexes. RSC Adv 2023; 13:9222-9230. [PMID: 36959880 PMCID: PMC10029809 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra08327b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, a one-pot synthesis of tetra-substituted imidazole, 4-chloro-2-(1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)phenol (HL), is reported by the reaction of benzil, 5-bromosalicylaldehyde, ammonium acetate and anisidine. The synthesized imidazole was reacted with salts of 1st row transition metals (Co(ii), Ni(ii), Cu(ii), Mn(ii) and Zn(ii)) to obtain metal complexes. The structure of the compounds was confirmed using various spectroscopic and analytical techniques. HL, which is crystalline, was characterized by SC-XRD. Subsequently, the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Antimicrobial studies revealed the more noxious nature of metal complexes compared to ligand against various strains of bacteria and fungi. Molecular docking results based on the binding energy values also supported the experimental results of the antioxidant activities of the compounds. HL was found to be a better antioxidant than metal complexes. For a better insight into the structure, computational studies of the compounds were also carried out. A clear intra-molecular charge transfer was perceived in the ligand and its metal complexes. The transfer integral values for holes (36.48 meV) were found to be higher than the electron transfer integrals (24.76 meV), which indicated that the ligand would be a better hole transporter. According to the frontier molecular orbitals of the dimer, the charge transfer within the molecule is found from monomer 1 to 2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Muhammad Khalid
- Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology Rahim Yar Khan 64200 Pakistan
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology Rahim Yar Khan 64200 Pakistan
| | - Akbar Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad Faisalabad 38000 Pakistan
| | | | | | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University PO. Box 9004 Abha 61413 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Irfan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University PO. Box 9004 Abha 61413 Saudi Arabia
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University PO. Box 9004 Abha 61413 Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Marcio Weber Paixão
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar) São Carlos SP Brazil
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8
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Khan BA, Hamdani SS, Khalid M, Ashfaq M, Munawar KS, Tahir MN, Braga AAC, Shawky AM, Alqahtani AM, Abourehab MAS, Gabr GA, Ibrahim MAA, Sidhom PA. Exploring Probenecid Derived 1,3,4-Oxadiazole-Phthalimide Hybrid as α-Amylase Inhibitor: Synthesis, Structural Investigation, and Molecular Modeling. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16030424. [PMID: 36986525 PMCID: PMC10051969 DOI: 10.3390/ph16030424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
1,3,4-Oxadiazole moiety is a crucial pharmacophore in many biologically active compounds. In a typical synthesis, probenecid was subjected to a sequence of reactions to obtain a 1,3,4-oxadiazole–phthalimide hybrid (PESMP) in high yields. The NMR (1H and 13C) spectroscopic analysis initially confirmed the structure of PESMP. Further spectral aspects were validated based on a single-crystal XRD analysis. Experimental findings were confirmed afterwards by executing a Hirshfeld surface (HS) analysis and quantum mechanical computations. The HS analysis showed the role of the π⋯π stacking interactions in PESMP. PESMP was found to have a high stability and lower reactivity in terms of global reactivity parameters. α-Amylase inhibition studies revealed that the PESMP was a good inhibitor of α-amylase with an s value of 10.60 ± 0.16 μg/mL compared with that of standard acarbose (IC50 = 8.80 ± 0.21 μg/mL). Molecular docking was also utilized to reveal the binding pose and features of PESMP against the α-amylase enzyme. Via docking computations, the high potency of PESMP and acarbose towards the α-amylase enzyme was unveiled and confirmed by docking scores of −7.4 and −9.4 kcal/mol, respectively. These findings shine a new light on the potential of PESMP compounds as α-amylase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Ahmad Khan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad 13100, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Shamila Hamdani
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad 13100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Khalid
- Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (M.A.A.I.)
| | - Muhammad Ashfaq
- Department of Physics, University of Sargodha, Punjab 40100, Pakistan
| | - Khurram Shahzad Munawar
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mianwali, Mianwali 42200, Pakistan
| | | | - Ataualpa A. C. Braga
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Ahmed M. Shawky
- Science and Technology Unit (STU), Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa M. Alqahtani
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. S. Abourehab
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gamal A. Gabr
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A. A. Ibrahim
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
- School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (M.A.A.I.)
| | - Peter A. Sidhom
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
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9
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Ali A, Din ZU, Ibrahim M, Ashfaq M, Muhammad S, Gull D, Tahir MN, Rodrigues-Filho E, Al-Sehemi AG, Suleman M. Acid catalyzed one-pot approach towards the synthesis of curcuminoid systems: unsymmetrical diarylidene cycloalkanones, exploration of their single crystals, optical and nonlinear optical properties. RSC Adv 2023; 13:4476-4494. [PMID: 36760294 PMCID: PMC9892888 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07681k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study crystalline unsymmetrical diarylidene ketone derivatives BNTP and BDBC have been prepared by two sequential acid catalyzed aldol condensation reactions in a one pot manner. The crystal structures of both compounds were confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis which revealed the presence of H-bonding interactions of type C-H⋯O, along with weak C-H⋯π and weak π⋯π stacking interactions that are involved in the crystal stabilization of both organic compounds. Hirshfeld surface analysis is carried out for the broad investigation of the intermolecular interactions in both compounds. The quantum chemical investigation was performed on the optimized molecular geometries of BNTP and BDBC to calculate optical and nonlinear optical (NLO) properties. The density functional theory (DFT) study showed that the third-order NLO polarizabilities of compounds BNTP and BDBC are found to be 226.45 × 10-36 esu and 238.72 × 10-36 esu, respectively, which indicates noticeable good NLO response properties. Additionally, the BNTP and BDBC molecules also showed the HOMO-LUMO orbital gaps of 5.96 eV and 6.06 eV, respectively. Furthermore, the computation of UV-visible spectra of the titled compounds indicated a limited and/or no absorption above the 400 nm region, directing a good transparency and NLO property trade-off for both synthesized compounds that may play a significant contribution in the future for optoelectronic technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000-FaisalabadPakistan
| | - Zia Ud Din
- LaBioMMi, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São CarlosCP 676, São CarlosSP 13.565-905Brazil
| | - Muhammad Ibrahim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ashfaq
- Department of Physics, University of Sargodha Sargodha Pakistan
| | - Shabbir Muhammad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid UniversityP.O. Box 9004Abha 61413Saudi Arabia
| | - Dania Gull
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000-FaisalabadPakistan
| | | | - Edson Rodrigues-Filho
- LaBioMMi, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São CarlosCP 676, São CarlosSP 13.565-905Brazil
| | - Abdullah G. Al-Sehemi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid UniversityP.O. Box 9004Abha 61413Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Suleman
- Department of Chemistry, Riphah International University Faisalabad CampusPakistan
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10
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A brief review on natural dyes, pigments: Recent advances and future perspectives. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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11
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Dinagaran S, Gajendiran J, Raj SG, Gnanam S. Growth, physico-chemical properties, opto-electrical characteristics, thermo-mechanical and DFT studies of 4-aminoantipyrine single crystals. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Khan BA, Ashfaq M, Muhammad S, Munawar KS, Tahir MN, Al-Sehemi AG, Alarfaji SS. Exploring Highly Functionalized Tetrahydropyridine as a Dual Inhibitor of Monoamine Oxidase A and B: Synthesis, Structural Analysis, Single Crystal XRD, Supramolecular Assembly Exploration by Hirshfeld Surface Analysis, and Computational Studies. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:29452-29464. [PMID: 36033707 PMCID: PMC9404513 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ethyl 4-(4-fluorophenylamino)-2,6-bis(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine-3-carboxylate (FTEAA) has been synthesized efficiently in an iodine-catalyzed five-component reaction of 4-fluoroaniline, 4-trifluoromethyl benzaldehyde, and ethyl acetoacetate in methanol at 55 °C for 12 h. Various spectro-analytical techniques such as 1H and 13C NMR and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy have validated the structure of FTEAA. Further confirmation of the structure of FTEAA has been established on the basis of single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The supramolecular assembly of FTEAA in terms of strong and comparatively weak noncovalent interactions is fully investigated by Hirshfeld surface analysis, the interaction energy between pairs of molecules, and energy frameworks. The void analysis is conducted to explore the strength and stability of the crystal structure. Furthermore, molecular docking analysis was computationally performed to see the potential intermolecular interactions between the selected proteins and FTEAA. The binding interaction energies are found to be -8.8 and -9.6 kcal/mol for the proteins MAO-B (PDB ID: 2V5Z) and MAO-A (PDB ID: 2Z5X), respectively. These reasonably good binding energies (more negative values) indicate the efficient associations between the FTEAA and target proteins. The proteins and FTEAA were also analyzed for intermolecular interactions. FTEAA and proteins interact in a variety of ways, like conventional hydrogen bonds, carbon-hydrogen bonds, alkyl, π-alkyl, and halide interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Ahmad Khan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Azad Jammu and
Kashmir, Muzaffarabad 13100, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ashfaq
- Department
of Physics, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab 40100, Pakistan
| | - Shabbir Muhammad
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid
University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khurram Shahzad Munawar
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Mianwali, Mianwali 42200, Pakistan
| | | | - Abdullah G. Al-Sehemi
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid
University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh S. Alarfaji
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid
University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Ashfaq M, Nawaz Tahir M, Munawar KS, Behjatmanesh-Ardakani R, Kargar H. Single crystal exploration, supramolecular behaviour, Hirshfeld surface analysis, linear and non-linear theoretical optical properties of Schiff bases derived from Benzene sulfonamides. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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14
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Ashfaq M, Khalid M, Tahir MN, Ali A, Arshad MN, Asiri AM. Synthesis of Crystalline Fluoro-Functionalized Imines, Single Crystal Investigation, Hirshfeld Surface Analysis, and Theoretical Exploration. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:9867-9878. [PMID: 35356686 PMCID: PMC8943585 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This investigation is focused on the synthesis of two halo-functionalized crystalline Schiff base (imine) compounds: (E)-2-methoxy-6-(((3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)imino)methyl)phenol (MFIP) and (E)-1-(((2-fluorophenyl)imino)methyl)naphthalen-2-ol (FPIN) by the condensation reaction of substituted benzaldehydes and substituted aniline. The crystal structures of MFIP and FPIN were determined unambiguously by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD) studies. Intermolecular interactions and the role of fluorine atoms in the stabilization of the crystal packing are explored for both compounds using Hirshfeld surface analysis. Accompanied with experimental studies, quantum chemical calculations were also performed for comprehensive structure elucidation at the M06/6-311G(d,p) level of theory. A comparison of experimental and density functional theory results for geometrical parameters exhibited excellent agreement. Interestingly, Frontier molecular orbitals and natural bond orbital (NBO) findings revealed that intramolecular charge transfer and hyper-conjugation interactions had played a significant role to stabilize the molecules. Both compounds exhibited a relatively larger value of hardness with a smaller global softness, which, as proposed by the SC-XRD and NBO study, shows a higher stability. Nonlinear optical (NLO) findings showed that FPIN manifested a larger value of linear polarizability (<a> = 293.06 a.u.) and second-order hyperpolarizability (<γ> = 3.31 × 105 a.u.) than MFIP (<a> = 252.42 and <γ> = 2.08 × 105 a.u.) due to an extended conjugation. The above-mentioned findings of the entitled compounds may play a crucial role in NLO applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ashfaq
- Department
of Physics, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Khalid
- Department
of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of
Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
| | | | - Akbar Ali
- Department
of Chemistry, Government College University
Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nadeem Arshad
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz
University, Jeddah 21589 P.O. Box 80203, Saudi
Arabia
- Center
of Excellence for Advanced Material Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589 P.O. Box 80203, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M. Asiri
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz
University, Jeddah 21589 P.O. Box 80203, Saudi
Arabia
- Center
of Excellence for Advanced Material Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589 P.O. Box 80203, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Synthesis, crystal structure, exploration of the supramolecular assembly through Hirshfeld surface analysis and bactericidal activity of the cadmium organometallic complexes obtained from the heterocyclic ligand. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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