Synthesis, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, COX/5-LOX inhibition, ulcerogenic evaluation, and docking study of benzimidazole bearing indole and benzophenone analogs

Multicomponent reaction for synthesis, molecular docking, and anti-inflammatory evaluation of novel indole-thiazole hybrid derivatives

In this article, novel thiazol-indolin-2-one derivatives 4a-f have been synthesized via treatment of thiosemicarbazide (1) with some isatin derivative 2a-f and N-(4-(2-bromoacetyl)phenyl)-4-tolyl-sulfonamide (3) under reflux in ethanol in the presence of triethyl amine (TEA). The structures of new products were elucidated by elemental and spectral analyses. Moreover, all compounds were investigated for their in vivo anti-inflammatory activity using celecoxib as a reference drug. The target compound 4b was the most active anti-inflammatory candidate and exhibited higher edema inhibition (EI = 38.50%) than that recorded by celecoxib (EI = 34.58%) after 3 h. Furthermore, the most active compounds 4b and 4f were subjected to a molecular docking study inside COX-2 enzyme to show their binding interactions. Both compounds 4b and 4f showed good fitting into COX-2 binding site with docking energy scores - 11.45 kcal/mol and - 10.48 kcal/mol, respectively which indicated that compound 4b revealed the most promising and effective anti-inflammatory potential.

Crystal structure of 1-(1,3-benzo-thia-zol-2-yl)-3-(4-bromo-benzo-yl)thio-urea

The chemical reaction of 4-bromo-benzoyl-chloride and 2-amino-thia-zole in the presence of potassium thio-cyanate yielded a white solid formulated as C15H10BrN3OS2, which consists of 4-bromo-benzamido and 2-benzo-thia-zolyl moieties connected by a thio-urea group. The 4-bromo-benzamido and 2-benzo-thia-zolyl moieties are in a trans conformtion (sometimes also called s-trans due to the single bond) with respect to the N-C bond. The dihedral angle between the mean planes of the 4-bromo-phenyl and the 2-benzo-thia-zolyl units is 10.45 (11)°. The thio-urea moiety, -C-NH-C(=S) -NH- fragment forms a dihedral angle of 8.64 (12)° with the 4-bromo-phenyl ring and is almost coplanar with the 2-benzo-thia-zolyl moiety, with a dihedral angle of 1.94 (11)°. The mol-ecular structure is stabilized by intra-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, resulting in the formation of an S(6) ring. In the crystal, pairs of adjacent mol-ecules inter-act via inter-molecular hydrogen bonds of type C-H⋯N, C-H⋯S and N-H⋯S, resulting in mol-ecular layers parallel to the ac plane.

Synthesis, molecular docking, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and ulcerogenic evaluation of thiophene-pyrazole candidates as COX, 5-LOX, and TNF-α inhibitors

The thiophene bearing pyrazole derivatives (7a-j) were synthesized and examined for their in vitro cyclooxygenase, 5-lipoxygenase, and tumour inducing factor-α inhibitory activities followed by the in vivo analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and ulcerogenic evaluations. The synthesized series (7a-j) were characterized using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT-IR, and mass spectral analysis. Initially, the compounds (7a-j) were evaluated for their in vitro cyclooxygenase, 5-lipoxygenase, and tumour inducing factor-α inhibitory activities and the compound (7f) with two phenyl substituents in the pyrazole ring and chloro substituent in the thiophene ring and the compound (7g) with two phenyl substituents in the pyrazole ring and bromo substituent in the thiophene ring were observed as potent compounds among the series. The compounds (7f and 7g) with effective in vitro potentials were further analyzed for analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and ulcerogenic evaluations. Also, to ascertain the binding affinities of compounds (7a-j), docking assessments were carried out and the ligand (7f) with the highest binding affinity was docked to know the interactions of the ligand with amino acids of target proteins.

Evaluating the inhibitory activity of ferrocenyl Schiff bases derivatives on 5-lipoxygenase: Computational and biological studies

In the search for new 5-LOX inhibitors, two ferrocenyl Schiff base complexes functionalized with catechol ((ƞ5-(E)-C5H4-NCH-3,4-benzodiol)Fe(ƞ5-C5H5) (3a)) and vanillin ((ƞ5-(E)-C5H4-NCH-3-methoxy-4-phenol)Fe(ƞ5-C5H5) (3b)) were obtained. Complexes 3a and 3b were biologically evaluated as 5-LOX inhibitors showed potent inhibition compared to their organic analogs (2a and 2b) and known commercial inhibitors, with IC50 = 0.17 ± 0.05 μM for (3a) and 0.73 ± 0.06 μM for (3b) demonstrated a highly inhibitory and potent effect against 5-LOX due to the incorporation of the ferrocenyl fragment. Molecular dynamic studies showed a preferential orientation of the ferrocenyl fragment toward the non-heme iron of 5-LOX, which, together with electrochemical and in-vitro studies, allowed us to propose a competitive redox deactivation mechanism mediated by water, where Fe(III)-enzyme can be reduced by the ferrocenyl fragment. An Epa/IC50 relationship was observed, and the stability of the Schiff bases was evaluated by SWV in the biological medium, observing that the hydrolysis does not affect the high potency of the complexes, making them interesting alternatives for pharmacological applications.