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Navarrete E, Morales P, Muñoz-Osses M, Vásquez-Martínez Y, Godoy F, Maldonado T, Martí AA, Flores E, Mascayano C. Evaluating the inhibitory activity of ferrocenyl Schiff bases derivatives on 5-lipoxygenase: Computational and biological studies. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 245:112233. [PMID: 37141763 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In the search for new 5-LOX inhibitors, two ferrocenyl Schiff base complexes functionalized with catechol ((ƞ5-(E)-C5H4-NCH-3,4-benzodiol)Fe(ƞ5-C5H5) (3a)) and vanillin ((ƞ5-(E)-C5H4-NCH-3-methoxy-4-phenol)Fe(ƞ5-C5H5) (3b)) were obtained. Complexes 3a and 3b were biologically evaluated as 5-LOX inhibitors showed potent inhibition compared to their organic analogs (2a and 2b) and known commercial inhibitors, with IC50 = 0.17 ± 0.05 μM for (3a) and 0.73 ± 0.06 μM for (3b) demonstrated a highly inhibitory and potent effect against 5-LOX due to the incorporation of the ferrocenyl fragment. Molecular dynamic studies showed a preferential orientation of the ferrocenyl fragment toward the non-heme iron of 5-LOX, which, together with electrochemical and in-vitro studies, allowed us to propose a competitive redox deactivation mechanism mediated by water, where Fe(III)-enzyme can be reduced by the ferrocenyl fragment. An Epa/IC50 relationship was observed, and the stability of the Schiff bases was evaluated by SWV in the biological medium, observing that the hydrolysis does not affect the high potency of the complexes, making them interesting alternatives for pharmacological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pilar Morales
- Departamento Ciencias del Ambiente, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | | | - Yesseny Vásquez-Martínez
- Programa Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Aplicadas (CIBAP), Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Fernando Godoy
- Departamento Química de los Materiales, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Tamara Maldonado
- Instituto de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Casilla 4059, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Angel A Martí
- Department of Chemistry, Bioengineering and Materials Science & Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, United States
| | - Erick Flores
- Departamento Química de los Materiales, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile.
| | - Carolina Mascayano
- Departamento Ciencias del Ambiente, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile.
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Chakraborty K, Joy M, Raola VK. Anti-inflammatory β-sitosterols from the Asiatic loop-root mangrove Rhizophora mucronata attenuate 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase-2 enzymes. Steroids 2021; 172:108860. [PMID: 33971207 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2021.108860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Four biogenic β-sitosterol analogues were identified from methanolic extract of the leaves of loop-root mangrove Rhizophora mucronata. These were characterized as 4, 14, 23-trimethyl-3β-sitosterol (1), 7-ethyl-3β-sitosterol (2), sitosteryl-3β-(33E)-pent-33-enoate (3) and 12α-hydroxy-3β-sitosterol (4) based on comprehensive spectroscopic techniques. Anti-inflammatory activities of β-sitosterol 4 against pro-inflammatory enzymes 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase-2 were found to be significantly higher (IC50 1.85 and 1.92 mM, respectively) compared to those demonstrated by compounds of 1-3 (p < 0.05). These β-sitosterol analogues disclosed superior selectivity indices (1.43-2.07) with regard to inducible cyclooxygenase-2 than its constitutive isoform cyclooxygenase-1, when compared to the standard, ibuprofen (0.44). Antioxidant properties of 12α-hydroxy-β-sitosterol (4) were found to be significantly greater (IC50 1.43-1.67 mM) than those of other sitosterol analogues. Structure-activity correlation analyses put forward that the bioactive potencies of the titled β-sitosterols were positively correlated to their electronic parameters. Molecular docking simulations were carried out in the active sites of 5-lipoxygenase/cyclooxygenase-2, and the docking scores and binding energies of the studied β-sitosterol analogues were positively correlated with their attenuation properties against 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajal Chakraborty
- Marine Biotechnology Division, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam North, P.B. No. 1603, Cochin, Kerala State, India.
| | - Minju Joy
- Marine Biotechnology Division, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam North, P.B. No. 1603, Cochin, Kerala State, India
| | - Vamshi Krishna Raola
- Marine Biotechnology Division, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam North, P.B. No. 1603, Cochin, Kerala State, India
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Francis P, Chakraborty K. Anti-inflammatory pregnane-type steroid derivatives clathroids A-B from the marine Microcionidae sponge Clathria (Thalysias) vulpina: Prospective duel inhibitors of pro-inflammatory cyclooxygenase-2 and 5-lipoxygenase. Steroids 2021; 172:108858. [PMID: 33971206 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2021.108858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Two pregnane-type of steroid derivatives characterized as 5α-pregna-3β-methyl pent-3-enoate-12β, 16β diol-20-one (clathroid A) and 12β,15β- dihydroxypregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione (clathroid B) were purified from the crude extract of the marine sponge, Clathria (Thalysias) vulpina (family Microcionidae) by extensive chromatographic fractionation. Spectroscopic methods including nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were employed to characterize the purified clathroids A-B. The studied compounds exhibited duel inhibitory potentials against pro-inflammatory cyclooxygenase-2 and 5-lipoxygenase (median inhibitory concentration, IC50 < 1 mM), whereas the attenuation property of clathroid A against 5-lipoxygenase (IC50 0.85 mM) was greater than the standard anti-inflammatory ibuprofen (IC50 4.51 mM, p < 0.05). Greater selectivity index (anti cyclooxygense-2/anti cyclooxygense-1) of the studied clathroids (>1) than ibuprofen (0.43) attributed the greater selective attenuation properties towards pro-inflammatory inducible cyclooxygenase-2 than its constitutive isoenzyme cyclooxygenase-1. The antioxidant potentials of clathroid A against 2, 2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (IC50 0.80 mM) and diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (IC50 0.83 mM) free radicals were greater than those of clathroid B (IC50 0.86-0.96 mM). Structure-activity analyses showed that the bioactivities of the clathroids were directly related to their electronic parameters coupled with permissible hydrophobic properties. Clathroid A exhibited grater electronic parameter (topological polar surface area tPSA, 83.83) than clathroid B (74.60) and ibuprofen (37.30), which were found to be in agreement with the prospective anti-inflammatory profile of clathroid A. Clathroid A exhibited higher number of hydrogen bonding interactions with 5-lipoxygenase active site and lesser docking values, such as docking score (DS -12.90 kcal mol-1) and inhibition constant (Ki 1.11 nM) than those recorded by clathroid B (DS -10.49 kcal mol-1; Ki 13.88 nM). The molecular binding properties of clathroid A with 5-lipoxidase inferred that its docking score/ binding energy were positively correlated with their in vitro bioactivie potentilas. A putative biosynthetic pathway of the studied clathroids was proposed from a pregnenolone precursor. The present study recognized the potential of clathroid A isolated from C. (Thalysias) vulpina as prospective anti-inflammatory lead that could find its use in medicinal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prima Francis
- Marine Bioprospecting Section of Marine Biotechnology Division, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam North, P.B. No. 1603, Cochin, India
| | - Kajal Chakraborty
- Marine Bioprospecting Section of Marine Biotechnology Division, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam North, P.B. No. 1603, Cochin, India.
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Xie L, Lee DYW, Shang Y, Cao X, Wang S, Liao J, Zhang T, Dai R. Characterization of spirostanol glycosides and furostanol glycosides from anemarrhenae rhizoma as dual targeted inhibitors of 5-lipoxygenase and Cyclooxygenase-2 by employing a combination of affinity ultrafiltration and HPLC/MS. Phytomedicine 2020; 77:153284. [PMID: 32707371 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modulation of the arachidonic acid (AA) cascade via 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) represent the two major pathways for treatments of inflammation and pain. The design and development of inhibitors targeting both 5-LOX and COX-2 has gained increasing popularity. As evidenced, 5-LOX and COX-2 dual targeted inhibitors have recently emerged as the front runners of anti-inflammatory drugs with improved efficacy and reduced side effects. Natural products represent a rich resource for the discovery of dual targeted 5-LOX and COX-2 inhibitors. By combining affinity ultrafiltration and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (AUF-LC-MS), an efficient method was developed to identify spirostanol glycosides and furostanol glycosides as the 5-LOX/COX-2 dual inhibitors from saponins extract of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (SEAR). METHODS A highly efficient method by combining affinity ultrafiltration and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (AUF-LC-MS) was first developed to screen and characterize the 5-LOX/COX-2 dual targeted inhibitors from SEAR. The structures of compounds in the ultrafiltrate were characterized by high resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS). In addition, in vitro 5-LOX/COX-2 inhibition assays and their dual expression in vivo were performed to confirm the inhibitory activities of the compounds screened by AUF-LC-MS. Molecular docking studies with the corresponding binding energy were obtained which fit nicely to both 5-LOX and COX-2 protein cavities and in agreement with our affinity studies. RESULTS A total of 5 compounds, timosaponin A-II, timosaponin A-III, timosaponin B-II, timosaponin B-III and anemarrhenasaponin I, were identified as potential 5-LOX/COX-2 dual targeted inhibitors with specific binding values > 1.5 and IC50 ≤ 6.07 μM. CONCLUSION The present work demonstrated that spirostanol glycoside and furostanol glycoside were identified as two novel classes of dual inhibitors of 5-LOX/COX-2 enzymes by employing a highly efficient screening method of AUF-LC-MS. These natural products represent a novel class of anti-inflammatory agents with the potential of improved efficacy and reduced side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - David Yue-Wei Lee
- Mailman Research Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Ying Shang
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiaotong Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Siqi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jun Liao
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Teng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Ronghua Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Wang S, Huai J, Shang Y, Xie L, Cao X, Liao J, Zhang T, Dai R. Screening for natural inhibitors of 5-lipoxygenase from Zi-shen pill extract by affinity ultrafiltration coupled with ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 254:112733. [PMID: 32145333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Zi-shen pill (ZSP), a traditional Chinese medicine, is widely used for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and has remarkable curative effect. AIM OF THE STUDY To screen the potential 5-Lipoxygenase(5-LOX) inhibitors from ZSP extract. MATERIALS AND METHODS A new approach based on affinity ultrafiltration-ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS) was established and validated. Zileuton and glipizide were chosen as positive and negative control drug, respectively. For better screening result, the concentration of 5-LOX enzyme, incubation temperature and time, pH and ion strength were optimized. In addition, 5-LOX inhibitory assay in vitro and molecular docking technique were used for further verification. RESULTS 20 compounds were characterized in the ultrafiltrate by high resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) and 16 ligands showed binding ability to 5-LOX. Among them, six ligands were deduced as high-potential 5-LOX inhibitors with their high specific binding values (>2.0). The inhibitory activities of anemarrhenasaponin I, timosaponin AI, nyasol and demethyleneberberine were confirmed by the 5-LOX inhibitory assay for validating the reliability of affinity ultrafiltration approach and the computer-simulated molecular docking technique further clarified the possible mechanism of action between the active compounds and the 5-LOX active sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China.
| | - Jiaxin Huai
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China.
| | - Ying Shang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China.
| | - Linlin Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China.
| | - Xiaotong Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China.
| | - Jun Liao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China.
| | - Teng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China.
| | - Ronghua Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China.
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Sousa Carvalho GF, Marques LK, Sousa HG, Silva LR, Leão Ferreira DC, Pires de Moura do Amaral F, Martins Maia Filho AL, Figueredo-Silva J, Alves WDS, Oliveira MDDAD, Soares da Costa Júnior J, Cardoso Costa Junior FL, Ramos RM, Rai M, Uchôa VT. Phytochemical study, molecular docking, genotoxicity and therapeutic efficacy of the aqueous extract of the stem bark of Ximenia americana L. in the treatment of experimental COPD in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 247:112259. [PMID: 31577938 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ximenia americana L. is popularly known as yellow plum, brave plum or tallow wood. All the parts of this plant are used in popular medicine. Its reddish and smooth bark are used to treat skin infections, inflammation of the mucous membranes and in the wound healing process. OBJECTIVE Verification of phytochemical profile, the molecular interaction between flavonoid, (-) epi-catechin and 5-LOX enzyme, by means of in silico study, the genotoxic effect and to investigate the pharmacological action of the aqueous extract of the stem bark of X. americana in pulmonary alterations caused by experimental COPD in Rattus norvegicus. MATERIALS AND METHODS The identification of secondary metabolites was carried out by TLC and HPLC chromatographic methods, molecular anchoring tests were applied to analyze the interaction of flavonoid present in the extract with the enzyme involved in pulmonary inflammation process and the genotoxic effect was assessed by comet assay and micronucleus test. For induction of COPD, male rats were distributed in seven groups. The control group was exposed only to ambient air and six were subjected to passive smoke inhalations for 20 min/day for 60 days. One of the groups exposed to cigarette smoke did not receive treatment. The others were treated by inhalation with beclomethasone dipropionate (400 mcg/kg) and aqueous and lyophilized extracts of X. americana (500 mg/kg) separately or in combination for a period of 15 days. The structural and inflammatory pulmonary alterations were evaluated by histological examination. Additional morphometric analyses were performed, including the alveolar diameter and the thickness of the right ventricle wall. RESULTS The results showed that the aqueous extract of the bark of X. americana possesses (-) epi -catechin, in silico studies with 5-LOX indicate that the EpiC ligand showed better affinity parameters than the AracA ligand, which is in accordance with the results obtained in vivo studies. Genotoxity was not observed at the dose tested and the extract was able to stagnate the alveolar enlargement caused by the destruction of the interalveolar septa, attenuation of mucus production and decrease the presence of collagen fibers in the bronchi of animals submitted to cigarette smoke. CONCLUSION Altogether, the results proved that the aqueous extract of X. americana presents itself as a new option of therapeutic approach in the treatment of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Laryssa Roque Silva
- Nucleus of Research in Biotechnology - State University of Piaui, Teresina, PI, CEP 64003-120, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - José Figueredo-Silva
- Nucleus of Research in Biotechnology - State University of Piaui, Teresina, PI, CEP 64003-120, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Ricardo Martins Ramos
- Research Laboratory in Information Systems, Federal Institute of Piaui, Teresina, PI, CEP-64000-040, Brazil
| | - Mahendra Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, SGB Amravati University, Amravati, 444 602, Maharashtra State, India
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Fazal-Ur-Rehman S, Wasim AA, Iqbal S, Khan MA, Lateef M, Iqbal L. Synthesis, lipoxygenase inhibition activity and molecular docking of oxamide derivative. Pak J Pharm Sci 2019; 32:1253-1259. [PMID: 31303598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a range of oxamide ligands were synthesized by the reaction of amines with oxalyl chloride in basic medium. Spectroscopic and analytical techniques such as IR, 1H-NMR and ESI-MS techniques were used for characterization of the synthesized oxamides. The synthesized oxamides were screened for Lipoxygenase inhibition. Biological screening revealed that the oxamides possessed good lipoxygenase inhibition activities, whereas, the unsubstituted oxamide did not show any distinct lipoxygenase inhibition activity. Molecular docking studies of the oxamides were also carried out for lipoxygenase inhibition. The results obtained from molecular docking were well correlated with the empirical data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sadaf Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Maria Aqeel Khan
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Lubna Iqbal
- PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Karachi, Pakistan
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Tharuka MDN, Priyathilaka TT, Kim J, Lim C, Lee J. Molecular characterization of big-belly seahorse (Hippocamus abdominalis) arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (HaALOX5): First evidence of an immune defensive role by induced immunological stress in teleost. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019; 86:230-238. [PMID: 30458312 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (ALOX5) is an essential enzyme for the biosynthesis of leukotrienes, which are pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators. In this study, the ALOX5 paralog of the big-belly seahorse (Hippocampus abdominalis; HaALOX5) was identified from our transcriptome database, and then molecularly and functionally characterized to determine its oxygenation capability and expression under pathogenic stress. The coding sequence of HaALOX5 consisted of 2025 bp and encoded a protein of 674 amino acids in length. Sequence and phylogenetic tree analysis of HaALOX5 revealed a close relationship with its corresponding teleost HaALOX5 counterparts. Structure prediction detected an N-terminal regulatory C2-like domain and a C-terminal catalytic domain, which are the two main functional domains in ALOX5 enzymes. Quantitative PCR showed that HaALOX5 was expressed in all the analyzed tissues at different magnitudes. The highest expression was detected in the intestine and stomach. In blood cells, the liver and the intestine, HaALOX5 transcripts were significantly elevated at many post injection time points, when immune challenged with lipopolysaccharide, polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid, and Streptococcus iniae, indicating its contribution to post immune defense mechanisms in the seahorse.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Neranjan Tharuka
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Thanthrige Thiunuwan Priyathilaka
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongeun Kim
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaehyeon Lim
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea.
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Chakraborty K, Joy M, Salas S. First report of a lactonic disecosteroid from the buccinid gastropod Babylonia spirata. Steroids 2019; 143:41-48. [PMID: 30571956 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A lactonic steroid with an unprecedented 1, 10: 8, 9-disecoergostane framework was identified from the ethyl acetate-methanol extract of buccinid gastropod mollusk, Babylonia spirata collected from the southwestern coast of Indian peninsular region. The compound was characterized as 1, 10: 8, 9-disecoergosta-8-en-A-homo-6a-oxa-1-one by exhaustive spectroscopic methods including two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectroscopic investigations. The disecosteroid displayed moderate carbolytic enzyme inhibition activity as distinguished by its inhibitive effects against α-amylase and α-glucosidase (IC50 0.40 and 0.54 mg/mL, respectively). The anti-inflammatory (5-lipoxidase inhibitory) activity of the titled secondary metabolite was found to be superior (IC50 < 0.85 mg/mL) than the commercial anti-inflammatory drug (ibuprofen IC50 > 0.85 mg/mL). However, significantly greater antioxidant property was recorded for the studied disecosteroid as evaluated by in vitro 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical inhibition potential (IC50 0.30 mg/mL) than that of standard, α-tocopherol (IC50 > 0.50 mg/mL). The in silico molecular docking studies were conducted to explain the anti-5-lipoxidase and anti-α-amylase properties of the isolated compound. The molecular binding interactions of the ligands with the pro-inflammatory 5-lipoxidase and the carbolytic enzyme α-amylase, demonstrated that their binding energies/docking scores were positively associated with their in vitro bioactivities. A plausible pathway for the biosynthetic origin of lactonic disecosteroid in B. spirata was proposed from an ergosterol precursor. Structure-activity correlation study demonstrated that the biological activities of the disecosteroid were directly proportional to their electronic properties allied with lesser steric restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajal Chakraborty
- Marine Biotechnology Division, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam North, P.B. No. 1603, Cochin, India.
| | - Minju Joy
- Marine Biotechnology Division, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam North, P.B. No. 1603, Cochin, India
| | - Soumya Salas
- Marine Biotechnology Division, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam North, P.B. No. 1603, Cochin, India
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Schmider AB, Vaught M, Bauer NC, Elliott HL, Godin MD, Ellis GE, Nigrovic PA, Soberman RJ. The organization of leukotriene biosynthesis on the nuclear envelope revealed by single molecule localization microscopy and computational analyses. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211943. [PMID: 30735559 PMCID: PMC6368329 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The initial steps in the synthesis of leukotrienes are the translocation of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) to the nuclear envelope and its subsequent association with its scaffold protein 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (FLAP). A major gap in our understanding of this process is the knowledge of how the organization of 5-LO and FLAP on the nuclear envelope regulates leukotriene synthesis. We combined single molecule localization microscopy with Clus-DoC cluster analysis, and also a novel unbiased cluster analysis to analyze changes in the relationships between 5-LO and FLAP in response to activation of RBL-2H3 cells to generate leukotriene C4. We identified the time-dependent reorganization of both 5-LO and FLAP into higher-order assemblies or clusters in response to cell activation via the IgE receptor. Clus-DoC analysis identified a subset of these clusters with a high degree of interaction between 5-LO and FLAP that specifically correlates with the time course of LTC4 synthesis, strongly suggesting their role in the initiation of leukotriene biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela B. Schmider
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Melissa Vaught
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Nicholas C. Bauer
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Hunter L. Elliott
- Image and Data Analysis Core, Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Matthew D. Godin
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Giorgianna E. Ellis
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Peter A. Nigrovic
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Roy J. Soberman
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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11
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Napagoda M, Gerstmeier J, Butschek H, Lorenz S, Kanatiwela D, Qader M, Nagahawatte A, De Soyza S, Wijayaratne GB, Svatoš A, Jayasinghe L, Koeberle A, Werz O. Lipophilic extracts of Leucas zeylanica, a multi-purpose medicinal plant in the tropics, inhibit key enzymes involved in inflammation and gout. J Ethnopharmacol 2018; 224:474-481. [PMID: 29727733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Leucas zeylanica (L.) W.T. Aiton is a popular, multi-purpose medicinal plant in Sri Lanka but the pharmacological potential and the chemical profile have not been systematically investigated to understand and rationalize the reported ethnobotanical significance. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was undertaken to scientifically validate the traditional usage of this plant for the treatment of inflammatory conditions, gout and microbial infections. Inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO), microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase (mPGES)-1 and xanthine oxidase (XO) by different extracts of L. zeylanica was investigated to determine the anti-inflammatory and anti-gout activity, respectively. The antibacterial and antifungal activities were also studied and the relevant constituents in the bioactive extracts were tentatively identified. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell-free and/or cell-based assays were employed in order to investigate the effects of the extracts against the activity of human 5-LO, mPGES-1 and XO as well as to assess antioxidant properties. The antibacterial activity of the extracts was determined by the broth micro-dilution method against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus while the agar dilution method was employed to determine the anti-Candida activity. Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis enabled the characterization of secondary metabolites in the extracts. RESULTS The dichloromethane extract of L. zeylanica efficiently inhibited 5-LO activity in stimulated human neutrophils (IC50 = 5.5 µg/mL) and isolated human 5-LO and mPGES-1 (IC50 = 2.2 and 0.4 µg/mL). Potent inhibition of XO was observed by the same extract (IC50 = 47.5 μg/mL), which is the first report of XO-inhibitory activity of a Sri Lankan medicinal plant. Interestingly, significant radical scavenging activity was not observed by this extract. Only the n-hexane extract exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus saprophyticus with a MIC of 250 µg/mL while the anti-Candida activity was moderate. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of phytosterols, fatty acids, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes and several other types of secondary metabolites. CONCLUSIONS Potent inhibition of 5-LO, mPGES-1 and XO rationalizes the ethnopharmacological use of L. zeylanica as anti-inflammatory and anti-gout remedy. Interestingly, the antimicrobial activities were not prominent, despite its wide utility as an antimicrobial medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuri Napagoda
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Galle 80000, Sri Lanka.
| | - Jana Gerstmeier
- Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Hannah Butschek
- Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Sybille Lorenz
- Research Group Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell-Strasse 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany.
| | - Dinusha Kanatiwela
- National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Hantana Road, Kandy 20000, Sri Lanka.
| | - Mallique Qader
- National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Hantana Road, Kandy 20000, Sri Lanka.
| | - Ajith Nagahawatte
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Galle 80000, Sri Lanka.
| | - Sudhara De Soyza
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Galle 80000, Sri Lanka.
| | | | - Aleš Svatoš
- Research Group Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell-Strasse 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany.
| | - Lalith Jayasinghe
- National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Hantana Road, Kandy 20000, Sri Lanka.
| | - Andreas Koeberle
- Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Oliver Werz
- Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
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12
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Li W, Wang H, Yang Y, Zhao T, Zhang Z, Tian Y, Shi Z, Peng X, Li F, Feng Y, Zhang L, Jiang G, Zhang F. Integrative Analysis of Proteome and Ubiquitylome Reveals Unique Features of Lysosomal and Endocytic Pathways in Gefitinib-Resistant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. Proteomics 2018; 18:e1700388. [PMID: 29901268 PMCID: PMC6099292 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201700388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients carrying EGFR activating mutations treated with gefitinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, will develop drug resistance. Ubiquitylation is one of major posttranslational modifications of proteins affecting the stability or function of proteins. However, the role of protein ubiquitylation in gefitinib resistance is poorly understood. To systematically identify the global change in protein expression and ubiquitylation during gefitinib resistance, a quantitative global proteome and ubiquitylome study in a pair of gefitinib-resistant and sensitive NSCLC cells is carried out. Altogether, changes in expression of 3773 proteins are quantified, and changes in ubiquitylation of 2893 lysine sites in 1415 proteins are measured in both cells. Interestingly, lysosomal and endocytic pathways, which are involved in autophagy regulation, are enriched with upregulated proteins or ubiquitylated proteins in gefitinib-resistant cells. In addition, HMGA2 overexpression or ALOX5 knockdown suppresses gefitinib resistance in NSCLC cells by inhibiting autophagy. Overall, these results reveal the previously unknown global ubiquitylome and proteomic features associated with gefitinib resistance, uncover the opposing roles of HMGA2 or ALOX5 in regulating gefitinib resistance and autophagy, and will help to identify new therapeutic targets in overcoming gefitinib resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Li
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryShanghai Key Lab of TuberculosisShanghai Pulmonary HospitalSchool of Life Science and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghai200433P. R. China
| | - Heyong Wang
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryShanghai Key Lab of TuberculosisShanghai Pulmonary HospitalSchool of Life Science and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghai200433P. R. China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryShanghai Key Lab of TuberculosisShanghai Pulmonary HospitalSchool of Life Science and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghai200433P. R. China
| | - Tian Zhao
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryShanghai Key Lab of TuberculosisShanghai Pulmonary HospitalSchool of Life Science and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghai200433P. R. China
| | - Zhixiong Zhang
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryShanghai Key Lab of TuberculosisShanghai Pulmonary HospitalSchool of Life Science and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghai200433P. R. China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryShanghai Key Lab of TuberculosisShanghai Pulmonary HospitalSchool of Life Science and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghai200433P. R. China
| | - Zhaomie Shi
- Jingjie PTM BioLab Co. Ltd.Hangzhou Economic and Technological Development AreaHangzhou310018P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- Jingjie PTM BioLab Co. Ltd.Hangzhou Economic and Technological Development AreaHangzhou310018P. R. China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of BiologyNew York UniversityNew YorkNY10003USA
| | - Yonghong Feng
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryShanghai Key Lab of TuberculosisShanghai Pulmonary HospitalSchool of Life Science and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghai200433P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryShanghai Key Lab of TuberculosisShanghai Pulmonary HospitalSchool of Life Science and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghai200433P. R. China
| | - Gening Jiang
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryShanghai Key Lab of TuberculosisShanghai Pulmonary HospitalSchool of Life Science and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghai200433P. R. China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryShanghai Key Lab of TuberculosisShanghai Pulmonary HospitalSchool of Life Science and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghai200433P. R. China
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13
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Abstract
Leukotrienes are powerful immune-regulating lipid mediators with established pathogenic roles in inflammatory allergic diseases of the respiratory tract - in particular, asthma and hay fever. More recent work indicates that these lipids also contribute to low-grade inflammation, a hallmark of cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and metabolic diseases as well as cancer. Biosynthesis of leukotrienes involves oxidative metabolism of arachidonic acid and proceeds via a set of soluble and membrane enzymes that are primarily expressed by cells of myeloid origin. In activated immune cells, these enzymes assemble at the endoplasmic and perinuclear membrane, constituting a biosynthetic complex. This Review describes recent advances in our understanding of the components of the leukotriene-synthesizing enzyme machinery, emerging opportunities for pharmacological intervention, and the development of new medicines exploiting both antiinflammatory and pro-resolving mechanisms.
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14
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Ball AK, Beilstein K, Wittmann S, Sürün D, Saul MJ, Schnütgen F, Flamand N, Capelo R, Kahnt AS, Frey H, Schaefer L, Marschalek R, Häfner AK, Steinhilber D. Characterization and cellular localization of human 5-lipoxygenase and its protein isoforms 5-LOΔ13, 5-LOΔ4 and 5-LOp12. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2017; 1862:561-571. [PMID: 28257804 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Human 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO-WT) initiates the leukotriene (LT) biosynthesis. LTs play an important role in diseases like asthma, atherosclerosis and in many types of cancer. In this study, we investigated the 5-LO isoforms 5-LO∆13, 5-LO∆4 and 5-LOp12, lacking the exons 13, 4 or a part of exon 12, respectively. We were able to detect the mRNA of the isoforms 5-LO∆13 and 5-LOp12 in B and T cell lines as well as in primary B and T cells and monocytes. Furthermore, we found that expression of 5-LO and particularly of the 5-LO∆13 and 5-LOp12 isoforms is increased in monocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and sepsis. Confocal microscopy of HEK293T cells stably transfected with tagged 5-LO-WT and/or the isoforms revealed that 5-LO-WT is localized in the nucleus whereas all isoforms are located in the cytosol. Additionally, all isoforms are catalytically inactive and do not seem to influence the specific activity of 5-LO-WT. S271A mutation in 5-LO-WT and treatment of the cells with sorbitol or KN-93/SB203580 changes the localization of the WT enzyme to the cytosol. Despite colocalization with the S271A mutant, the isoforms did not affect LT biosynthesis. Analysis of the phosphorylation pattern of 5-LO-WT and all the isoforms revealed that 5-LOp12 and 5-LO∆13 are highly phosphorylated at Ser271 and 5-LOp12 at Ser523. Furthermore, coexpression of the isoforms inhibited or stimulated 5-LO-WT expression in transiently and stably transfected HEK293T cells suggesting that the isoforms have other functions than canonical LT biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Katrin Ball
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Kim Beilstein
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sandra Wittmann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Duran Sürün
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Goethe University Medical School, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Meike J Saul
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Frank Schnütgen
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Goethe University Medical School, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nicolas Flamand
- Centre de recherche de l'IUCPQ, Département de Médecine et Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Ricardo Capelo
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Astrid S Kahnt
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Helena Frey
- General Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- General Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Rolf Marschalek
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Häfner
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Dieter Steinhilber
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany.
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15
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Häfner AK, Beilstein K, Graab P, Ball AK, Saul MJ, Hofmann B, Steinhilber D. Identification and Characterization of a New Protein Isoform of Human 5-Lipoxygenase. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166591. [PMID: 27855198 PMCID: PMC5113960 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukotrienes (LTs) are inflammatory mediators that play a pivotal role in many diseases like asthma bronchiale, atherosclerosis and in various types of cancer. The key enzyme for generation of LTs is the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO). Here, we present a novel putative protein isoform of human 5-LO that lacks exon 4, termed 5-LOΔ4, identified in cells of lymphoid origin, namely the Burkitt lymphoma cell lines Raji and BL41 as well as primary B and T cells. Deletion of exon 4 does not shift the reading frame and therefore the mRNA is not subjected to non-mediated mRNA decay (NMD). By eliminating exon 4, the amino acids Trp144 until Ala184 are omitted in the corresponding protein. Transfection of HEK293T cells with a 5-LOΔ4 expression plasmid led to expression of the corresponding protein which suggests that the 5-LOΔ4 isoform is a stable protein in eukaryotic cells. We were also able to obtain soluble protein after expression in E. coli and purification. The isoform itself lacks canonical enzymatic activity as it misses the non-heme iron but it still retains ATP-binding affinity. Differential scanning fluorimetric analysis shows two transitions, corresponding to the two domains of 5-LO. Whilst the catalytic domain of 5-LO WT is destabilized by calcium, addition of calcium has no influence on the catalytic domain of 5-LOΔ4. Furthermore, we investigated the influence of 5-LOΔ4 on the activity of 5-LO WT and proved that it stimulates 5-LO product formation at low protein concentrations. Therefore regulation of 5-LO by its isoform 5-LOΔ4 might represent a novel mechanism of controlling the biosynthesis of lipid mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kathrin Häfner
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
- * E-mail: (DS); (A-KH)
| | - Kim Beilstein
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Philipp Graab
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ann-Katrin Ball
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Meike J. Saul
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
- Department of Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Bettina Hofmann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dieter Steinhilber
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
- * E-mail: (DS); (A-KH)
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16
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Abstract
Most interfacial enzymes undergo activation upon membrane binding. Interfacial activation is determined not only by the binding strength but also by the specific mode of protein-membrane interactions, including the angular orientation and membrane insertion of the enzymes. This chapter describes biophysical techniques to quantitatively evaluate membrane binding, orientation, membrane insertion, and activity of secreted phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and lipoxygenase (LO) enzymes. Procedures for recombinant production and purification of human pancreatic PLA2 and human 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) are also presented. Several methods for measurements of membrane binding of peripheral proteins are described, i.e., fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) from tryptophan or tyrosine residues of the protein to a fluorescent lipid in vesicles, changes in fluorescence of an environment-sensitive fluorescent lipid upon binding of proteins to membranes, and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. These methods produce the apparent binding constant, the protein-to-lipid binding stoichiometry, and the Hill cooperativity coefficient. Experimental procedures for segmental isotope labeling of proteins and determination of the orientation of membrane-bound proteins by polarized ATR-FTIR spectroscopy are described. Furthermore, evaluation of membrane insertion of peripheral proteins by a fluorescence quenching technique is outlined. Combination of the orientation and membrane insertion provides a unique configuration of the protein-membrane complex and hence elucidates certain details of the enzyme function, such as the modes of acquisition of a membrane-residing substrate and product release. Finally, assays for determination of the activities of secreted PLA2, soybean LO, and human 5-LO are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Tatulian
- College of Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States.
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17
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Lamie PF, Ali WAM, Bazgier V, Rárová L. Novel N-substituted indole Schiff bases as dual inhibitors of cyclooxygenase-2 and 5-lipoxygenase enzymes: Synthesis, biological activities in vitro and docking study. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 123:803-813. [PMID: 27541263 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Two new series of N-substituted indole derivatives 4a-l and 5a-h were synthesized. Their chemical structures were confirmed using spectroscopic tools including IR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR mass spectroscopy and elemental analyses. The results showed no significant cytotoxic activity on either cancer or normal human cells. Anti-inflammatory activity for all target compounds was evaluated in vitro. Compounds 5a-h were found to have better anti-inflammatory activity than 4a-l. The inhibitory activity of COX-2 and 5-LOX were tested for 5a-h. Three compounds, 5c, 5d and 5f showed excellent COX-2 inhibitory activity with IC50 ranging from 0.98 to 1.23 μM compared to the reference celecoxib (1.54 μM). These compounds had a reasonable selectivity index between 7.03 and 8.05. Additionally, p-methylbenzoyl derivative 5g (IC50 = 5.78 μM) had superior 5-LOX inhibitory activity, higher than quercetin. 5e was close to quercetin in its LOX inhibitory activity. Compounds 5a-h were docked inside the active site of COX-2 and 5-LOX enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe F Lamie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
| | | | - Vaclav Bazgier
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. Listopadu 1192/12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Rárová
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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18
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Kumar RB, Zhu L, Idborg H, Rådmark O, Jakobsson PJ, Rinaldo-Matthis A, Hebert H, Jegerschöld C. Structural and Functional Analysis of Calcium Ion Mediated Binding of 5-Lipoxygenase to Nanodiscs. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152116. [PMID: 27010627 PMCID: PMC4806843 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
An important step in the production of inflammatory mediators of the leukotriene family is the Ca2+ mediated recruitment of 5 Lipoxygenase (5LO) to nuclear membranes. To study this reaction in vitro, the natural membrane mimicking environment of nanodiscs was used. Nanodiscs with 10.5 nm inner diameter were made with the lipid POPC and membrane scaffolding protein MSP1E3D1. Monomeric and dimeric 5LO were investigated. Monomeric 5LO mixed with Ca2+ and nanodiscs are shown to form stable complexes that 1) produce the expected leukotriene products from arachidonic acid and 2) can be, for the first time, visualised by native gel electrophoresis and negative stain transmission electron microscopy and 3) show a highest ratio of two 5LO per nanodisc. We interpret this as one 5LO on each side of the disc. The dimer of 5LO is visualised by negative stain transmission electron microscopy and is shown to not bind to nanodiscs. This study shows the advantages of nanodiscs to obtain basic structural information as well as functional information of a complex between a monotopic membrane protein and the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramakrishnan B. Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 14183 Huddinge, Sweden
- School of Technology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 14183 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 14183 Huddinge, Sweden
- School of Technology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 14183 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Helena Idborg
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olof Rådmark
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per-Johan Jakobsson
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agnes Rinaldo-Matthis
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans Hebert
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 14183 Huddinge, Sweden
- School of Technology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 14183 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Caroline Jegerschöld
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 14183 Huddinge, Sweden
- School of Technology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 14183 Huddinge, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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19
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Znati M, Ben Jannet H, Cazaux S, Souchard JP, Harzallah Skhiri F, Bouajila J. Antioxidant, 5-lipoxygenase inhibitory and cytotoxic activities of compounds isolated from the Ferula lutea flowers. Molecules 2014; 19:16959-75. [PMID: 25340301 PMCID: PMC6271101 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191016959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A phytochemical investigation of the Ferula lutea (Poir.) Maire flowers has led to the isolation of a new compound, (E)-5-ethylidenefuran-2(5H)-one-5-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (1), designated ferunide, 4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid (2), reported for the first time as a natural product, together with nine known compounds, verbenone-5-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (3), 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid (4), methyl caffeate (5), methyl 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinate (6), 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid (7), isorhamnetin-3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl(1→6)-β-d-glucopyranoside, narcissin (8), (−)-marmesin (9), isoimperatorin (10) and 2,3,6-trimethylbenzaldehyde (11). Compounds 3–10 were identified for the first time in Ferula genus. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D NMR experiments, mass spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis (compound 2), as well as by comparison with literature data. The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities of isolated compounds were evaluated. Results showed that compound 7 exhibited the highest antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 18 ± 0.5 µmol/L and 19.7 ± 0.7 µmol/L by DPPH radical and ABTS radical cation, respectively. The compound 6 exhibited the highest anti-inflammatory activity with an IC50 value of 5.3 ± 0.1 µmol/L against 5-lipoxygenase. In addition, compound 5 was found to be the most cytotoxic, with IC50 values of 22.5 ± 2.4 µmol/L, 17.8 ± 1.1 µmol/L and 25 ± 1.1 µmol/L against the HCT-116, IGROV-1 and OVCAR-3 cell lines, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Znati
- Université de Toulouse, Faculté de Pharmacie de Toulouse, Laboratoire des IMRCP UMR CNRS 5623, Université Paul-Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - Hichem Ben Jannet
- Laboratoire de Chimie Hétérocyclique, Produits Naturels et Réactivité (CHPNR), Equipe Chimie Médicinale et Produits Naturels, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Avenue de l'Environnement, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Sylvie Cazaux
- Université de Toulouse, Faculté de Pharmacie de Toulouse, Laboratoire des IMRCP UMR CNRS 5623, Université Paul-Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - Jean Pierre Souchard
- Université de Toulouse, Faculté de Pharmacie de Toulouse, Laboratoire des IMRCP UMR CNRS 5623, Université Paul-Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - Féthia Harzallah Skhiri
- Laboratory of Genetic, Biodiversity and Valorization of Bioresources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Jalloul Bouajila
- Université de Toulouse, Faculté de Pharmacie de Toulouse, Laboratoire des IMRCP UMR CNRS 5623, Université Paul-Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France.
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Chen YP, Zhang ZY, Li YP, Li D, Huang SL, Gu LQ, Xu J, Huang ZS. Syntheses and evaluation of novel isoliquiritigenin derivatives as potential dual inhibitors for amyloid-beta aggregation and 5-lipoxygenase. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 66:22-31. [PMID: 23786711 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 05/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of new isoliquiritigenin (ISL) derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as dual inhibitors for amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregation and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO). It was found that all these synthetic compounds inhibited Aβ (1-42) aggregation effectively with their IC₅₀ values ranged from 2.2 ± 1.5 μM to 23.8 ± 2.0 μM. These derivatives also showed inhibitory activity to 5-LO with their IC50 values ranged from 6.1 ± 0.1 μM to 35.9 ± 0.3 μM. Their structure-activity relationships (SAR) and mechanisms of inhibitions were studied. This study provided potentially important information for further development of ISL derivatives as multifunctional agents for Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ping Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
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21
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Zhang X, You X, Wang Q, Zhang T, Du Y, Lv N, Zhang Z, Zhang S, Shan C, Ye L, Zhang X. Hepatitis B virus X protein drives multiple cross-talk cascade loops involving NF-κB, 5-LOX, OPN and Capn4 to promote cell migration. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31458. [PMID: 22355367 PMCID: PMC3280298 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) plays an important role in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the mechanism remains unclear. Recently, we have reported that HBx promotes hepatoma cell migration through the upregulation of calpain small subunit 1 (Capn4). In addition, several reports have revealed that osteopontin (OPN) plays important roles in tumor cell migration. In this study, we investigated the signaling pathways involving the promotion of cell migration mediated by HBx. We report that HBx stimulates several factors in a network manner to promote hepatoma cell migration. We showed that HBx was able to upregulate the expression of osteopontin (OPN) through 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) in HepG2-X/H7402-X (stable HBx-transfected cells) cells. Furthermore, we identified that HBx could increase the expression of 5-LOX through nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). We also found that OPN could upregulate Capn4 through NF-κB. Interestingly, we showed that Capn4 was able to upregulate OPN through NF-κB in a positive feedback manner, suggesting that the OPN and Capn4 proteins involving cell migration affect each other in a network through NF-κB. Importantly, NF-κB plays a crucial role in the regulation of 5-LOX, OPN and Capn4. Thus, we conclude that HBx drives multiple cross-talk cascade loops involving NF-κB, 5-LOX, OPN and Capn4 to promote cell migration. This finding provides new insight into the mechanism involving the promotion of cell migration by HBx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- Department of Cancer Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute for Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaona You
- Department of Cancer Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute for Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Cancer Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute for Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Cancer Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute for Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yumei Du
- Department of Cancer Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute for Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Lv
- Department of Cancer Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute for Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Cancer Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute for Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Changliang Shan
- Department of Cancer Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute for Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihong Ye
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (XZ); (LY)
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Department of Cancer Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute for Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (XZ); (LY)
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22
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Mohammed A, Janakiram NB, Li Q, Choi CI, Zhang Y, Steele VE, Rao CV. Chemoprevention of colon and small intestinal tumorigenesis in APC(Min/+) mice by licofelone, a novel dual 5-LOX/COX inhibitor: potential implications for human colon cancer prevention. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2011; 4:2015-26. [PMID: 21885812 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-11-0233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical and clinical studies suggest that 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), such as COX-2, is a potential target for colon cancer inhibition and, in part, contributes to cardiovascular side effects associated with COX-2 inhibitors. Experiments were designed to assess the chemopreventive effects of a novel dual 5-LOX/COX inhibitor, licofelone {[6-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-7-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizin-5-yl] acetic acid}, in APC(Min/+) mouse intestinal tumorigenesis. Six-week-old male and female APC(Min/+) mice (n = 10 per group) were fed with control American Institute of Nutrition-76A diet or diets containing 150 or 300 ppm licofelone for 14 weeks (∼100 days), and intestinal tumors were evaluated for tumor multiplicity and size. Licofelone significantly inhibited total intestinal tumor multiplicity and size in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.0001; mean tumors for 0, 150, and 300 ppm: 48.8, 17, and 8, respectively, in male mice; and 34.3, 8.8, and 5.5, respectively, in female mice). Licofelone at high dose showed more than 83% (P < 0.0001) tumor inhibition in both genders of mice. One hundred and fifty and 300 ppm licofelone resulted in 86% to 97% inhibition of polyps having size greater than 2 mm. One hundred and fifty and 300 ppm licofelone caused more than 72% and 100% inhibition of colonic tumors, respectively. Importantly, in mice fed with licofelone, tumors showed significantly reduced proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression (70%, P < 0.0001), increased terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling-positive cells (75%, P < 0.0001), and there was dose-dependent suppression of serum triglycerides (71%-83%, P < 0.0001), decreased inflammatory cytokines; and decreased COX and 5-LOX activities (57%-64%, P < 0.0001). Also, compared with 300 ppm celecoxib, 300 ppm licofelone provided better efficacy in suppressing tumor growth. These observations show that a novel dual 5-LOX/COX inhibitor dramatically suppresses small intestinal and colonic tumor formation in APC(Min/+) mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altaf Mohammed
- Department of Medicine, Hem-Onc Section, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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23
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Abstract
The synthesis of both proinflammatory leukotrienes and anti-inflammatory lipoxins requires the enzyme 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX). 5-LOX activity is short-lived, apparently in part because of an intrinsic instability of the enzyme. We identified a 5-LOX-specific destabilizing sequence that is involved in orienting the carboxyl terminus, which binds the catalytic iron. Here, we report the crystal structure at 2.4 angstrom resolution of human 5-LOX stabilized by replacement of this sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel C Gilbert
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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24
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Lapenna D, Ciofani G, Pierdomenico SD, Neri M, Cuccurullo C, Giamberardino MA, Cuccurullo F. Inhibitory activity of salicylic acid on lipoxygenase-dependent lipid peroxidation. Biochim Biophys Acta 2009; 1790:25-30. [PMID: 18950686 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2008.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2008] [Revised: 09/03/2008] [Accepted: 09/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since iron is essential for lipoxygenase activity and salicylic acid (SA) can interact with the metal, possible lipoxygenase inhibition by SA was investigated. METHODS Kinetic spectrophotometric evaluation of enzymatic lipid peroxidation catalyzed by soybean lipoxygenase (SLO), rabbit reticulocyte 15-lipoxygenase (RR15-LOX), porcine leukocyte 12-lipoxygenase (PL12-LOX) and human recombinant 5-lipoxygenase (HR5-LOX) with and without SA. RESULTS SA inhibited linoleic, arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acid or human lipoprotein peroxidation catalyzed by SLO with IC50 of, respectively, 107, 153, 47 and 108 microM. Using the same substrates, SA inhibited RR15-LOX with IC50 of, respectively, 49, 63, 27 and 51 microM. Further, arachidonic acid peroxidation catalyzed by PL12-LOX and HR5-LOX was inhibited by SA with IC50 of 101 and 168 microM, respectively. Enzymatic inhibition was complete, reversible and non-competitive. Conceivably due to its lower hydrophobicity, aspirin was less effective, indicating acetylation-independent enzyme inhibition. SA and aspirin were ineffective peroxyl radical scavengers but readily reduced Fe3+, i.e. FeCl3, to Fe2+, suggesting their capacity to reduce Fe3+ at the enzyme active site. Indeed, similar to the catecholic redox inhibitor nordihydroguaiaretic acid, SA inhibited with the same efficiency both ferric and the native ferrous SLO form, indicating that these compounds reduce the active ferric enzyme leading to its inactivation. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE SA can inhibit lipoxygenase-catalyzed lipid peroxidation at therapeutic concentrations, suggesting its possible inhibitory activity against enzymatic lipid peroxidation in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Lapenna
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze dell'Invecchiamento, and Centro di Scienze dell'Invecchiamento-Fondazione Università G. d'Annunzio, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
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25
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Aparoy P, Reddy RN, Guruprasad L, Reddy MR, Reddanna P. Homology modeling of 5-lipoxygenase and hints for better inhibitor design. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2008; 22:611-9. [PMID: 18231862 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-008-9180-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2007] [Accepted: 01/10/2008] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Lipoxygenases (LOXs) are a group of enzymes involved in the oxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Among these 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) is the key enzyme leading to the formation of pharmacologically important leukotrienes and lipoxins, the mediators of inflammatory and allergic disorders. In view of close functional similarity to mammalian lipoxygenase, potato 5-LOX is used extensively. In this study, the homology modeling technique has been used to construct the structure of potato 5-LOX. The amino acid sequence identity between the target protein and sequence of template protein 1NO3 (soybean LOX-3) searched from NCBI protein BLAST was 63%. Based on the template structure, the protein model was constructed by using the Homology program in InsightII. The protein model was briefly refined by energy minimization steps and validated using Profile-3D, ERRAT and PROCHECK. The results showed that 99.3% of the amino acids were in allowed regions of Ramachandran plot, suggesting that the model is accurate and its stereochemical quality good. Like all LOXs, 5-LOX also has a two-domain structure, the small N-terminal beta-barrel domain and a larger catalytic domain containing a single atom of non-heme iron coordinating with His525, His530, His716 and Ile864. Asn720 is present in the fifth coordination position of iron. The sixth coordination position faces the open cavity occupied here by the ligands which are docked. Our model of the enzyme is further validated by examining the interactions of earlier reported inhibitors and by energy minimization studies which were carried out using molecular mechanics calculations. Four ligands, nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) having IC(50) of 1.5 microM and analogs of benzyl propargyl ethers having IC(50) values of 760 microM, 45 microM, and no inhibition respectively were selected for our docking and energy minimization studies. Our results correlated well with the experimental data reported earlier, which proved the quality of the model. This model generated can be further used for the design and development of more potent 5-LOX inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Aparoy
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500 046, India
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26
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Skaterna TD, Kharchenko OV. [Effect of phosphatidic acid on the reaction of linoleic acid oxidation by 5-lipooxygenase from potatoes]. Ukr Biokhim Zh (1999) 2008; 80:21-30. [PMID: 18959024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Influence of anionogenic phospholipid of phosphatidic acid (PA) on oxidation of linoleic acid by 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) from Solanum tuberosum was studied. The influence of PA was studied in micellar system which consisted of mixed micelles of linolenic acid (LK), Lubrol PX and different quantity of enzyme effector PA. The reaction was initiated by addition of 5-LO. It was established that 5-LO had two pHopt. in the presence of 50 microM phosphatidic acid: pH 5.0 and 6.9. In concentration of 50 microM PA was able to activate 5-LO 15 times at pH 5.0. The reaction maximum velocity (Vmax) coincided with Vmax of lipoxygenase reaction without the effector at pH 6.9 under such conditions. It was found that 30-50 microM phospholipid in the reaction mixture decreased the concentration of half saturation by the substrate by 43-67%. The enzyme demonstrated positive cooperation in respect of the substrate, the reaction is described by the Hill equation. Hill coefficient value (h) of the substrate was 3.34 +/- 0.22 (pH 6.9) and 5.61 +/- 0.88 (pH 5.0), that is with the change of pH to acidic region the number of substrate molecules increased and they could interact with the enzyme molecule. In case of substrate insufficiency the enzyme demonstrated positive cooperation of PA, it added from 4 to 3 effectors' molecules at pH 5.0, that is the phospholipid acted as the allosteric regulator of 5-LO. A comparative analysis of the influence of 4-hydroxy-TEMPO displayed, that the level of nonenzymatic processes in the case of physiological pH values was lower by 15-50% in the presence of PA in the range of 30-80 microM than without the effector.
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27
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Kharytonenko HI, Skaterna TD, Mel'nyk AK, Babiĭ LV, Kharchenko OV. [Interaction between 5-lipoxygenase and allosteric effector--sodium dodecyl sulfate]. Ukr Biokhim Zh (1999) 2008; 80:31-39. [PMID: 18959025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The role of allosteric effector--sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in the lipoxygenase catalysis in micelle system has been studied. The effect of the stable hydrophobic bis-nitroxides, blocking the free radical transformation, on the oxidation of linoleic acid or linoleic alcohol by 5-lipoxygenase from potato tuber has been investigated. The inhibiting effect of nitroxide compounds on oxidation of linoleic acid or linoleic alcohol by 5-lipoxygenase depends on SDS concentration. The inhibition percentage is determined by the substrate nature and presence of allosteric effector. The presence of SDS did not lead to an appreciable change in the pKa values of ionogenic enzyme groups. The effect of SDS and micellar system on thermodynamic parameters for thermoinactivation of 5-lipoxygenase was studied. It was found that thermoinactivation rate constants and activation energy of enzyme thermoinactivation were increased in the presence of SDS. It is suggested that interaction of 5-lipoxygenase and allosteric effector--SDS intensifies the dissociation of radical intermediates from the active site of the enzyme. These findings are of physiological significance in the light of the lipoxygenase involvement in the membrane lipid peroxidation.
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28
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Bai C, Matsui E, Ohnishi H, Kimata K, Kasahara K, Kaneko H, Kato Z, Fukao T, Kondo N. A novel polymorphism, E254K, in the 5-lipoxygenase gene associated with bronchial asthma. Int J Mol Med 2008; 21:139-144. [PMID: 18204779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cysteinyl-leukotrienes are important pro-inflammatory mediators in bronchial asthma (BA) and are derived from arachidonic acid by the action of 5-lipoxygenase. We identified a novel polymorphism, c.760 G>A (E254K), in exon 6 of the 5-lipoxygenase gene (5-LO). This substitution was detected in 11 out of 180 patients with BA, but not in any of the 150 non-allergic subjects. The frequency of c.760 G>A showed a significant difference between BA and non-allergic subjects (P=0.0007). The c.760 G>A polymorphism existed at the surface edge of the C-terminal catalytic domain, and the E-to-K substitution changed the charge of the side chain from negative to positive. Thus, our results suggest that E254K in the 5-LO might be associated with BA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunying Bai
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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29
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Fraternale D, Giamperi L, Bucchini A, Ricci D. Essential oil composition and antioxidant activity of aerial parts of Grindelia robusta from Central Italy. Fitoterapia 2007; 78:443-5. [PMID: 17600634 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2007.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2007] [Accepted: 04/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The chemical composition of the essential oil obtained from Grindelia robusta aerial parts from central Italy was analyzed by GC and GC/MS and 45 components were identified. Borneol (15.2%), alpha pinene (10.3%), trans-pinocarveol (7.0%), bornyl acetate (4.5%), limonene (4.3%) were the main components. The antioxidant activity of the essential oil was evaluated using the DPPH and 5-lipoxygenase tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Fraternale
- Instituto di Botanica e Orto Botanico P Scaramella, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Urbino Carolo Bo, Urbino (PU), Italy.
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30
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Sestili P, Martinelli C, Ricci D, Fraternale D, Bucchini A, Giamperi L, Curcio R, Piccoli G, Stocchi V. Cytoprotective effect of preparations from various parts of Punica granatum L. fruits in oxidatively injured mammalian cells in comparison with their antioxidant capacity in cell free systems. Pharmacol Res 2007; 56:18-26. [PMID: 17376699 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2007.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2006] [Revised: 02/06/2007] [Accepted: 02/09/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) juice (PJ) is being increasingly proposed as a nutritional supplement to prevent atherosclerosis in humans. This therapeutically valuable potential has been attributed to PJ antioxidant capacity which has been mostly tested by means of cell-free assays: indeed, to the best of our knowledge, no study has focused on the direct antioxidant capacity of PJ in cultured cells. Here, the antioxidant capacity in cell free-systems of preparations from various parts of pomegranate has been compared with their cytoprotective -bona fide antioxidant--activity in cultured human cells (U937 promonocytes and HUVEC endothelial cells) exposed to an array of oxidizing agents. Pomegranate derivatives were PJ, arils only juice (AJ) and aqueous rinds extract (RE). In cell-free assays--1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), chemiluminescence luminol/xanthine/xanthine oxidase and lipoxygenase assays--all the preparations displayed good antioxidant capacity, the relative potency order being RE>PJ>AJ. On the contrary, only RE was capable of preventing the deleterious effects--cytotoxicity, DNA damage and depletion of non-protein sulphydrils (NPSH) pool--caused by treatment of cells with H(2)O(2), tert-butylhydroperoxide (tB-OOH) or oxidized lipoproteins (Ox-LDL) via a mechanism which is likely to involve both direct scavenging of radical species and iron chelation. Surprisingly, AJ and PJ slightly sensitized cells to the cytotoxic effects of the three agents. Then it would appear that AJ, the major and tasty part of PJ, does not contain ellagic acid and punicalagin (i.e. the polyphenols highly represented in RE which are reputed to be responsible for the antioxidant capacity) in amounts sufficient to exert cytoprotection in oxidatively injured, living cells. Based on these results, the development and evaluation of rinds-only based derivatives for antiatherogenic preventive purposes in humans should be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Sestili
- Istituto di Farmacologia e Farmacognosia, Università degli Studi di Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy.
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31
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Rådmark O, Werz O, Steinhilber D, Samuelsson B. 5-Lipoxygenase: regulation of expression and enzyme activity. Trends Biochem Sci 2007; 32:332-41. [PMID: 17576065 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2007.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 342] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2007] [Revised: 05/01/2007] [Accepted: 06/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO) catalyzes the first two steps in the biosynthesis of leukotrienes, a group of pro-inflammatory lipid mediators derived from arachidonic acid. Leukotriene antagonists are used in the treatment of asthma, and the potential role of leukotrienes in atherosclerosis, another chronic inflammatory disease, has recently received considerable attention. In addition, some possible effects of 5-LO metabolites in tumorigenesis have emerged. Thus, knowledge of the biochemistry of this enzyme has potential implications for the treatment of various diseases. Recent advances have expanded our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms underlying the expression and control of 5-LO activity. With regard to the control of enzyme activity, many of these findings focus on the N-terminal domain of 5-LO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olof Rådmark
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Karolinska Institutet, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
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32
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Abstract
This review article focuses on two aspects regarding 5-lipoxygenase. First, mechanisms for activation of the enzyme. Second, the involvement of 5-lipoxygenase and leukotrienes in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olof Rådmark
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Karolinska Institute, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
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33
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Zheng M, Zheng M, Ye D, Deng Y, Qiu S, Luo X, Chen K, Liu H, Jiang H. Indole derivatives as potent inhibitors of 5-lipoxygenase: Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular modeling. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:2414-20. [PMID: 17336065 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2006] [Revised: 01/16/2007] [Accepted: 02/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel indole derivatives was designed, synthesized and evaluated by cell-based assays for their inhibitory activities against 5-LOX in rat peritoneal leukocytes. Most of them (30 out of 35) showed an inhibitory potency higher than the initial screening hit 1a (IC(50)=74 microM). Selected compounds for concentration-response studies showed prominent inhibitory activities with IC(50) values ranging from 0.74 microM to 3.17 microM. Four compounds (1m, 1s, 4a, and 6a) exhibited the most potent inhibitory activity compared to that of the reference drug (Zileuton), with IC(50) values less than 1 microM. Molecular modeling studies for compounds 1a, 3a, 4a, and 6a were also presented. The excellent in vitro activities of this class of compounds may possess potential for the treatment of LT-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfang Zheng
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
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34
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Franke L, Schwarz O, Müller-Kuhrt L, Hoernig C, Fischer L, George S, Tanrikulu Y, Schneider P, Werz O, Steinhilber D, Schneider G. Identification of Natural-Product-Derived Inhibitors of 5-Lipoxygenase Activity by Ligand-Based Virtual Screening. J Med Chem 2007; 50:2640-6. [PMID: 17461565 DOI: 10.1021/jm060655w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A natural product collection and natural-product-derived combinatorial libraries were virtually screened for potential inhibitors of human 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) activity. We followed a sequential ligand-based approach in two steps. First, similarity searching with a topological pharmacophore descriptor (CATS 2D method) was performed to enable scaffold-hopping. Eighteen compounds were selected from a virtual hit list of 430 substances, which had mutual pharmacophore features with at least one of 43 known 5-LO inhibitors that served as query structures. Two new chemotypes exhibited significant activity in a cell-based 5-LO activity assay. The two most potent molecules served as seed structures for a second virtual screening round. This time, a focused natural-product-derived combinatorial library was analyzed by different ligand-based virtual screening methods. The best molecules from the final set of screening candidates potently suppressed 5-LO activity in intact cells and may represent a novel class of 5-LO inhibitors. The results demonstrate the potential of natural-product-derived screening libraries for hit and lead structure identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Franke
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Chemische Biologie/ZAFES, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Siesmayerstrasse 70, D-60323 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Hazai E, Bikádi Z, Zsila F, Lockwood SF. Molecular modeling of the non-covalent binding of the dietary tomato carotenoids lycopene and lycophyll, and selected oxidative metabolites with 5-lipoxygenase. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:6859-67. [PMID: 16837203 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2006.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2006] [Revised: 06/13/2006] [Accepted: 06/19/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies on human prostate cancer cell lines indicate a role for arachidonic acid (AA) and its oxidative metabolites in prostate cancer proliferation. The metabolism of AA by either the cyclooxygenase (COX) or the lipoxygenase (LOX) pathways generates eicosanoids involved in tumor promotion, progression, and metastasis. In particular, products of the 5-LOX pathway (including 5-HETE and 5-oxo-EET) have been implicated as potential 'survival factors' that may confer escape after androgen withdrawal therapy through fatty-acid (i.e., AA) drive. Potent natural dietary antioxidant compounds such as lycopene and lycophyll, with tissue tropism for human prostate, have been shown to be effective in ameliorating generalized oxidative stress at the DNA level. Suppressing the 5-LOX axis pharmacologically is also a promising avenue for intervention in human patients. The recently recognized direct interaction of the astaxanthin-based soft-drug Cardax to human 5-LOX with molecular modeling, and the downregulation of both 5-HETE and 5-oxo-EET in vivo in a murine peritonitis model, suggest that other important dietary carotenoids may share this enzyme regulatory feature. In the current study, the acyclic tomato carotene lycopene (in all-trans and 5-cis isomeric configurations) and its natural dihydroxy analog lycophyll (also present in tomato fruit) were subjected to molecular modeling calculations in order to investigate their predicted binding interaction(s) with human 5-LOX. Two bioactive oxidative metabolites of lycopene (4-methyl-8-oxo-2,4,6-nonatrienal and 2,7,11-trimethyl-tetradecahexaene-1,14-dial) were also investigated. A homology model of 5-LOX was constructed using 8-LOX and 15-LOX structures as templates. The model was validated by calculating the binding energy of Cardax to 5-LOX, which was demonstrated to be in good agreement with the published experimental data. Blind docking calculations were carried out in order to explore the possible binding sites of the carotenoids on 5-LOX, followed by focused docking to more accurately calculate the predicted energy of binding. Lycopene and lycophyll were predicted to bind with high affinity in the superficial cleft at the interface of the beta-barrel and the catalytic domain of 5-LOX (the 'cleavage site'). Carotenoid binding at this cleavage site provides the structural rationale by which polyenic compounds could modify the 5-LOX enzymatic function via an allosteric mechanism, or by radical scavenging in proximity to the active center. In addition, the two bioactive metabolites of lycopene were predicted to bind to the catalytic site with high affinity--therefore suggesting potential direct competitive inhibition of 5-LOX activity that should be shared by both lycopene and lycophyll after in vivo supplementation, particularly in the case of the dial metabolite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Hazai
- Virtua Drug, Ltd, H-1015 Budapest, Csalogány st. 4, Hungary
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36
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Du L, Zhang Z, Luo X, Chen K, Shen X, Jiang H. Binding investigation of human 5-lipoxygenase with its inhibitors by SPR technology correlating with molecular docking simulation. J Biochem 2006; 139:715-23. [PMID: 16672272 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvj084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The binding features of a series of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) inhibitors (caffeic acid, NDGA, AA-861, CDC, esculetin, gossypol and phenidone) to human 5-LOX have been studied by using surface plasmon resonance biosensor (SPR) technology based Biacore 3000 and molecular docking simulation analyses. The SPR results showed that the equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) values evaluated by Biacore 3000 for the inhibitors showed a good correlation with its reported IC50, suggesting that SPR technology might be applicable as a direct assay method in screening new 5-LOX inhibitors at an early stage. In addition, the 3D structural model of 5-LOX was generated according to the crystal structure of rabbit reticulocyte 15-lipoxygenase, and the molecular docking simulation analyses revealed that the predicted binding free energies for the inhibitors correlated well with the KD values measured by SPR assay, which implies the correctness of the constructed 3D structural model of 5-LOX. This current work has potential for application in structure-based 5-LOX inhibitor discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Du
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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37
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Abstract
Arils, juice and rinds of Punica granatum fruits and their aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts displayed good antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ricci
- Istituto di Botanica e Orto Botanico Pierina Scaramella,Via Bramante 28, Facoltà di Farmacia-Università degli Studi di Urbino 61029, Urbino, Italy.
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38
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Abstract
5-Lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) initiate the biosynthesis of distinct families of mediators from arachidonic acid (leukotrienes and prostaglandins, respectively) and are each the target of anti-inflammatory medications. Here we show that the product of 5-lipoxygenase, 5S-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, is selectively and efficiently triply oxygenated by COX-2, implicating a cross-pathway interaction. The product is a unique diendoperoxide, potentially representing the parent compound of a novel group of lipid mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus Schneider
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, 23rd Avenue South at Pierce, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA.
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39
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Charlier C, Hénichart JP, Durant F, Wouters J. Structural insights into human 5-lipoxygenase inhibition: combined ligand-based and target-based approach. J Med Chem 2006; 49:186-95. [PMID: 16392803 DOI: 10.1021/jm050870x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The human 5-LOX enzyme and its interaction with competitive inhibitors were investigated by means of a combined ligand-based and target-based approach. First, a pharmacophore model was generated for 16 non redox 5-LOX inhibitors with Catalyst (HipHop module). It includes two hydrophobic groups, an aromatic ring, and two hydrogen bond acceptors. The 3D structure of human 5-LOX was then modeled based on the crystal structure of rabbit 15-LOX, and the binding modes of representative ligands were studied by molecular docking. Confrontation of the docking results with the pharmacophore model allowed the weighting of the pharmacophoric features and the integration of structural information. This led to the proposal of an interaction model inside the 5-LOX active site, consisting of four major and two secondary interaction points: on one hand, two hydrophobic groups, an aromatic ring, and a hydrogen bond acceptor, and, on the other hand, an acidic moiety and an additional hydrogen bond acceptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Charlier
- Laboratory of Structural Biological Chemistry, University of Namur, FUNDP, 61, rue de Bruxelles, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
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40
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Abstract
In this article, regulation of human 5-lipoxygenase enzyme activity is reviewed. First, structural properties and enzyme activities are described. This is followed by the activating factors: Ca2+, membranes, ATP, and lipid hydroperoxide. Also, studies on phosphorylation of 5-lipoxygenase and nuclear localization sequences are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olof Rådmark
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Karolinska Institutet, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
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41
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Abstract
The enzyme 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) initiates the synthesis of leukotrienes. For this reason, 5-LO activity is important for immune defense, whereas improper regulation contributes to pathogenesis, including chronic inflammation, asthma and atherosclerosis. Like all lipoxygenases, the 5-LO protein consists of two domains, a regulatory domain and a catalytic domain. Naturally, the regulatory domain determines catalytic activity and controls leukotriene synthesis. This domain shares features with classical C2 domains in that it has a beta-sandwich structure and binds calcium, nucleotides and phospholipids. However, important structural features place this domain in a distinct family, the PLATs (for Polycystin-1, Lipoxygenase, alpha-Toxin). In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the three dimensional organization of this important component of the 5-LO molecule. In addition, we point to findings from structural analyses of related proteins to suggest further details relating 5-LO structure to function.
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Affiliation(s)
- John B Allard
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0642, USA
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42
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Okamoto H, Hammarberg T, Zhang YY, Persson B, Watanabe T, Samuelsson B, Rådmark O. Mutation analysis of the human 5-lipoxygenase C-terminus: support for a stabilizing C-terminal loop. Biochim Biophys Acta 2005; 1749:123-31. [PMID: 15848143 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2005.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2005] [Revised: 03/09/2005] [Accepted: 03/09/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Lipoxygenases contain prosthetic iron, in human 5-lipoxygenase (5LO) the C-terminal isoleucine carboxylate constitutes one of five identified ligands. ATP is one of several factors determining 5LO activity. We compared properties of a series of 5LO C-terminal deletion mutants (one to six amino acid residues deleted). All mutants were enzymatically inactive (expected due to loss of iron), but expression yield (in E. coli) and affinity to ATP-agarose was markedly different. Deletion of up to four C-terminal residues was compatible with good expression and retained affinity to the ATP-column, as for wild-type 5LO. However when also the fifth residue was deleted (Asn-669) expression yield decreased and the affinity to ATP was markedly diminished. This was interpreted as a result of deranged structure and stability, due to loss of a hydrogen bond between Asn-669 and His-399. Mutagenesis of these residues supported this conclusion. In the structure of soybean lipoxygenase-1, a C-terminal loop was pointed out as important for correct orientation of the C-terminus. Accordingly, a hydrogen bond appears to stabilize such a C-terminal loop also in 5LO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisayo Okamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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43
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Cusan C, Spalluto G, Prato M, Adams M, Bodensieck A, Bauer R, Tubaro A, Bernardi P, Da Ros T. Synthesis and biological evaluation of a new class of acyl derivatives of 3-amino-1-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-5-one as potential dual cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2) and human lipoxygenase (5-LOX) inhibitors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 60:327-32. [PMID: 15848208 DOI: 10.1016/j.farmac.2004.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2004] [Revised: 12/23/2004] [Accepted: 12/27/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A series of acyl derivatives of 3-amino-1-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-5-one as potential human 5-LOX and COX 1 and COX-2 inhibitors structurally related to the 1-phenyl-3-pyrazolidinone (phenidone, 1) have been synthesized and the activity against COX-1, COX-2 and human 5-LOX enzymes has been evaluated. All the derivatives showed poor activity against enzymes. These data, together with our previous studies, indicated that phenidone and related compounds are not suitable as human 5-LOX inhibitors and that pyrazoline nucleus should not be considered a good scaffold for inhibitors of human 5-LOX enzyme, suggesting the necessity to revisit the proposed mechanism of action of phenidone (1) in human models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cusan
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, I-34127, Trieste, Italy
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44
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Abstract
Mammalian 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) catalyzes conversion of arachidonic acid to leukotrienes, potent mediators of inflammation and allergy. Upon cell stimulation, 5-LO selectively binds to nuclear membranes and becomes activated, yet the mechanism of recruitment of 5-LO to nuclear membranes and the mode of 5-LO-membrane interactions are poorly understood. Here we show that membrane fluidity is an important determinant of membrane binding strength of 5-LO, penetration into the membrane hydrophobic core, and activity of the enzyme. The membrane binding strength and activity of 5-LO increase with the degree of lipid acyl chain cis-unsaturation and reach a plateau with 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonolyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PAPC). A fraction of tryptophans of 5-LO penetrate into the hydrocarbon region of fluid PAPC membranes, but not into solid 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine membranes. Our data lead to a novel concept of membrane binding and activation of 5-LO, suggesting that arachidonic-acid-containing lipids, which are present in nuclear membranes at higher fractions than in other cellular membranes, may facilitate preferential membrane binding and insertion of 5-LO through increased membrane fluidity and may thereby modulate the activity of the enzyme. The data presented in this article and earlier data allow construction of a model for membrane-bound 5-LO, including the angular orientation and membrane insertion of the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhay H Pande
- Biomolecular Science Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, 32826, USA
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45
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Pommery N, Taverne T, Telliez A, Goossens L, Charlier C, Pommery J, Goossens JF, Houssin R, Durant F, Hénichart JP. New COX-2/5-LOX inhibitors: apoptosis-inducing agents potentially useful in prostate cancer chemotherapy. J Med Chem 2005; 47:6195-206. [PMID: 15566290 DOI: 10.1021/jm0407761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The arachidonic acid metabolizing enzymes cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and lipoxygenases (LOXs) have been found to be implicated in a variety of cancers, including prostate cancer. To develop new therapeutic treatments, it therefore seemed interesting to design dual COX-2/5-LOX inhibitors. We report here the synthesis and in vitro pharmacological properties of diarylpyrazole derivatives that have in their structure key pharmacophoric elements to obtain optimal interaction with subsites of active pockets in both enzyme systems. Using a molecular modeling approach, a set of SAR data is proposed, highlighting the importance of the sulfonyl group of one of the aryl moieties in terms of proliferation inhibition and/or apoptosis induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Pommery
- Institut de Chimie Pharmaceutique Albert Lespagnol, EA 2692, Université de Lille 2, BP 83, 59006 Lille, France
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46
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Kharchenko OV, Kharitonenko AI, Vovk AI, Kukhar' VP, Babiĭ LV, Khil'chevskiĭ AN, Mel'nik AK. [Inhibiting properties of stable nitroxyl radicals in reactions of linoleic acid and linoleyl alcohol oxidation catalyzed by 5-lipoxygenase]. Ukr Biokhim Zh (1999) 2005; 77:52-7. [PMID: 16335269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The inhibiting effects of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) and its 4-substituted derivatives in reactions of linoleyl acid or linoleyl alcohol oxidation catalyzed by potato tuber 5-lipoxygenase were investigated. Inhibiting properties of stable nitroxyl radicals in presence of lubrol and SDS were reduced at the transition from TEMPO to 4-hydroxy-TEMPO or 4-amino-TEMPO and increased at use of adamantane-1-carboxylic or 3-methyladamantane-1-carboxylic acid 1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-yl esters. Enzyme activity at saturating concentrations of inhibitor was not suppressed completely, and decreased up to the certain level determined by the substrate nature. The dependence of partial inhibition efficiency on rotational correlation time of stable nitroxides in model micellar systems were analysed. It was supposed that 5-lipoxygenase inhibition includes the interaction of hydrophobic nitroxide with radical intermediate formed in enzymatic process.
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47
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Li X, Liu X, Zhao Q, Liu Y, Duan X, Rao Z. Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic studies of human coactosin-like protein (CLP). Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 2004; 60:2387-8. [PMID: 15583396 DOI: 10.1107/s0907444904028112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2004] [Accepted: 11/02/2004] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The human coactosin-like protein (CLP) belongs to the actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF) family of actin-binding proteins. CLP interacts with 5-lipoxygenase (5LO) and filamentous actin (F-actin) via different binding sites. The full-length CLP comprising of 142 amino acids has been overexpressed in Escherichia coli. Crystals of CLP were obtained using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion technique with ammonium sulfate as precipitant at pH 8.5. Diffraction data to 1.9 A resolution were collected from a crystal belonging to space group P2(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 25.6, b = 55.2, c = 37.4 A, beta = 96.0 degrees. There is one molecule per asymmetric unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
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48
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Abstract
Mast cells generate eicosanoids that are linked to asthma and other inflammatory diseases. A basic-helix-loop-helix leucine zipper transcription factor termed MITF is essential for the development of mast cells. Although other substances also linked to inflammatory reactions (such as various proteases and serotonin) require MITF for their expression, the role of MITF in eicosanoid generation has not been studied. We examined eicosanoid generation in bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) of tg/tg mice that lack MITF. Most eicosanoids generated by BMMCs are either prostaglandin (PG) D2 or leukotriene C4. The former is synthesized via the cyclooxygenase pathway, whereas the latter is synthesized via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway. In response to stimulation with IgE and antigens, BMMCs of tg/tg mice synthesized leukotriene C4 normally. However, neither immediate nor delayed PGD2 production was detected in these BMMCs. This indicates that MITF is a transcription factor that specifically activates the cyclooxygenase pathway, but not the 5-lipoxygenase pathway. Significant decreases in expression of hematopoietic PGD2 synthase (hPGDS, a terminal synthase for PGD2) were observed at both mRNA and protein levels in tg/tg BMMCs. MITF transactivated the hPGDS gene via a CACCTG motif located in the promoter region. MITF appeared to be essential for generation of PGD2 by enhancing expression of the hPGDS gene in BMMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiichi Morii
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Medical School, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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49
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Z Haeggström
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Chemistry 2, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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50
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Bindu PH, Sastry GM, Sastry GN. Characterization of calcium and magnesium binding domains of human 5-lipoxygenase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 320:461-7. [PMID: 15219851 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.05.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two calcium binding sites, separated by about 9.3A, present in the loops that connect the beta-sheets of N-terminal domain contain the ligating residues F14, A15, G16, D79, and D18, D19, L76, respectively. Magnesium is found to bind in regions, which are marginally different owing to the disparity in the ionic radii of Ca2+ and Mg2+. The entropy analysis on the loops of 5-lipoxygenase, implementing the wormlike chain model, explains that the N-terminal beta-barrel is well suited to accommodate calcium binding sites. The large buried side chain area of W102 (compared to W13 and W75) and comparatively smaller fraction of side chain exposed to polar atoms corroborate the calcium induced higher affinity to phosphatidylcholine (PC). However, W80 lying in close proximity of the calcium binding sites is expected to have considerable PC affinity but negligible calcium induced effect on PC binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Hima Bindu
- Molecular Modelling Group, Organic Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
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