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Kowalczyk A. Hesperidin, a Potential Antiviral Agent against SARS-CoV-2: The Influence of Citrus Consumption on COVID-19 Incidence and Severity in China. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:892. [PMID: 38929512 PMCID: PMC11206107 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60060892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
This review examines hesperidin, a citrus bioflavonoid, as a potential antiviral agent against SARS-CoV-2. The COVID-19 pandemic has demanded an urgent need to search for effective antiviral compounds, including those of natural origin, such as hesperidin. The review provides a comprehensive analysis of the chemical properties, bioavailability and antiviral mechanisms of hesperidin, particularly its potential efficacy against SARS-CoV-2. A review of databases, including PubMedPico, Scopus and Web of Science, was conducted using specific keywords and search criteria in accordance with PRISMA (Re-porting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines between 2020 and 2024. Of the 207 articles, 37 were selected for the review. A key aspect is the correlation of in vitro, in silico and clinical studies on the antiviral effects of hesperidin with epidemiological data on citrus consumption in China during 2020-2024. The importance of integrating laboratory findings with actual consumption patterns to better understand the role of hesperidin in mitigating COVID-19 was highlighted, and an attempt was made to analyze epidemiological studies to examine the association between citrus juice consumption as a source of hesperidin and the incidence and severity of COVID-19 using China as an example. The review identifies consistencies and discrepancies between experimental and epidemiological data, highlighting the need to correlate the two fields to better understand the potential of hesperidin as an agent against SARS-CoV-2. Challenges and limitations in interpreting the results and future research perspectives in this area are discussed. The aim of this comprehensive review is to bridge the gap between experimental studies and epidemiological evidence and to contribute to the understanding of their correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Kowalczyk
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland
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Lyu HY, Bao MY, Io CC, Xiong HM, Chen FL, Bai LP, Zhang W, Jiang ZH, Zhu GY. Sesquiterpenoids from the roots of Aucklandia costus and their anti-inflammatory activities. Fitoterapia 2023; 169:105604. [PMID: 37423500 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Five undescribed sesquiterpenoid dimers, aucklandiolides A-E (1-5), one new sesquiterpenoid glycoside, β-cyclocostunolide-15-β-D-glucopyranoside (6), and seventeen known analogues (7-23) were isolated from the roots of Aucklandia costus. Their structures were elucidated by comprehensive HRESIMS and NMR spectroscopic data analysis, and their configurations were confirmed by the computational calculations of ECD and NMR chemical shifts. Aucklandiolides A and B are the first examples of dimeric sesquiterpenoids with a unique 6/6/6/5/6/6 ring system originated from a proposed Diels-Alder cycloaddition between two eudesmane sesquiterpenoids. Besides, compounds 9-11, 20, and 22 showed significant inhibition of nitric oxide production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells at a concentration of 20 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Yuan Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Meng-Yu Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Chi-Cheng Io
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Hao-Ming Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Fei-Long Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Li-Ping Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China.
| | - Guo-Yuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China.
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Abreu Alves P, Dantas Rocha KA, Bezerra LL, Ayala AP, Vieira Monteiro NDK, Pessoa ODL. Withanolides of Athenaea velutina with potential inhibitory properties against SARS coronavirus main protease (m pro): molecular modeling studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:12267-12275. [PMID: 36690603 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2167863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Since the global COVID-19 pandemic began, the scientific community has dedicated efforts to finding effective antiviral drugs to treat or minimize the effects caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. Some targets can act as inhibitor substrates, highlighting the Main Protease (Mpro), which plays an essential role in the translation and transcription of the virus cycle. Withanolides, a class of natural C28 steroidal lactones, are compounds of interest as possible inhibitors of Mpro and other critical targets of the virus, such as papain-like protease. In this study, the isolation of a new withanolide (1), along with the known 27-deoxywithaferin A (2) and 27-deoxy-2,3-dihydrowithaferin A (3), from the leaves of Athenaea velutina (Solanaceae) is described. Their structures were determined using spectroscopic and spectrometric methods (NMR, IR, HRESIMS). Moreover, the interaction and the stability of withanolides 1-3 and withanolide D (4), previously isolated of Acnistus arborescens, against the Mpro target through molecular docking, molecular dynamics, and binding free energy simulations were analyzed. The molecular dynamics results indicated that the complexes formed by the molecular docking simulations between the Mpro target with each of the withanolides 1-4 exhibited good stability during the simulations due to a slight change in the structure of complexes. The binding free energy results suggested that withanolide (1) can be a natural candidate against COVID-19 disease.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pabllo Abreu Alves
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico Química, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Késya Amanda Dantas Rocha
- Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Lucas Lima Bezerra
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico Química, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Alejandro Pedro Ayala
- Departamento de Física, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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Guerra Y, Celi D, Cueva P, Perez-Castillo Y, Giampieri F, Alvarez-Suarez JM, Tejera E. Critical Review of Plant-Derived Compounds as Possible Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Proteases: A Comparison with Experimentally Validated Molecules. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:44542-44555. [PMID: 36530229 PMCID: PMC9753184 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ever since coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, was declared a pandemic on March 11, 2020, by the WHO, a concerted effort has been made to find compounds capable of acting on the virus and preventing its replication. In this context, researchers have refocused part of their attention on certain natural compounds that have shown promising effects on the virus. Considering the importance of this topic in the current context, this study aimed to present a critical review and analysis of the main reports of plant-derived compounds as possible inhibitors of the two SARS-CoV-2 proteases: main protease (Mpro) and Papain-like protease (PLpro). From the search in the PubMed database, a total of 165 published articles were found that met the search patterns. A total of 590 unique molecules were identified from a total of 122 articles as potential protease inhibitors. At the same time, 114 molecules reported as natural products and with annotation of theoretical support and antiviral effects were extracted from the COVID-19 Help database. After combining the molecules extracted from articles and those obtained from the database, we identified 648 unique molecules predicted as potential inhibitors of Mpro and/or PLpro. According to our results, several of the predicted compounds with higher theoretical confidence are present in many plants used in traditional medicine and even food, such as flavonoids, carboxylic acids, phenolic acids, triterpenes, terpenes phytosterols, and triterpenoids. These are potential inhibitors of Mpro and PLpro. Although the predictions of several molecules against SARS-CoV-2 are promising, little experimental information was found regarding certain families of compounds. Only 45 out of the 648 unique molecules have experimental data validating them as inhibitors of Mpro or PLpro, with the most frequent scaffold present in these 45 compounds being the flavone. The novelty of this work lies in the analysis of the structural diversity of the chemical space among the molecules predicted as inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro and PLpro proteases and the comparison to those molecules experimentally validated. This work emphasizes the need for experimental validation of certain families of compounds, preferentially combining classical enzymatic assays with interaction-based methods. Furthermore, we recommend checking the presence of Pan-Assay Interference Compounds (PAINS) and the presence of molecules previously reported as inhibitors of Mpro or PLpro to optimize resources and time in the discovery of new SARS-CoV-2 antivirals from plant-derived molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasel Guerra
- Ingeniería
en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias
Aplicadas, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170125, Ecuador
- Grupo
de Bio-Quimioinformática, Universidad
de Las Américas, Quito 170125, Ecuador
| | - Diana Celi
- Facultad
de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170125, Ecuador
| | - Paul Cueva
- Facultad
de Posgrado, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170125, Ecuador
| | - Yunierkis Perez-Castillo
- Grupo
de Bio-Quimioinformática, Universidad
de Las Américas, Quito 170125, Ecuador
- Área
de Ciencias Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170125, Ecuador
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King
Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Research
Group on Food, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Santander 39011, Spain
| | - José Miguel Alvarez-Suarez
- Departamento
de Ingeniería en Alimentos, Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito 170157, Ecuador
- King
Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz
University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eduardo Tejera
- Ingeniería
en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias
Aplicadas, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170125, Ecuador
- Grupo
de Bio-Quimioinformática, Universidad
de Las Américas, Quito 170125, Ecuador
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Al-Radadi NS. Saussurea Costus for Sustainable and Eco-friendly Synthesis of Palladium Nanoparticles and their Biological Activities. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Vergoten G, Bailly C. Interaction of panduratin A and derivatives with the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (m pro): a molecular docking study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022:1-11. [PMID: 35975613 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2112618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Panduratin A (Pa-A) is a prenylated cyclohexenyl chalcone isolated from the rhizomes of the medicinal and culinary plant Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) Mansf., commonly called fingerroots. Both an ethanolic plant extract and Pa-A have shown a marked antiviral activity against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic disease. Pa-A functions as a protease inhibitor inhibiting infection of human cells by the virus. We have modeled the interaction of Pa-A, and 26 panduratin analogues with the main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 using molecular docking. The natural product 4-hydroxypanduratin showed a higher Mpro binding capacity than Pa-A and isopanduratin A. The interaction with MPro of all known panduratin derivatives (Pa-A to Pa-Y) have been compared, together with more than 60 reference products. Three compounds emerged as potential robust MPro binders: Pa-R, Pa-V, Pa-S, with a binding capacity significantly higher than 4-OH-Pa-A and Pa-A. The empirical energy of interaction (ΔE) calculated with the best compound in the panduratin series, Pa-R bound to Mpro, surpassed that measured with the top reference protease inhibitors such a ruprintrivir, lufotrelvir, and glecaprevir. Structure-binding relationships are discussed. Compounds with a flavanone moiety (PA-R/S) are the best binders, better than those with a chromene unit (Pa-F/G). The extended molecules (such as Pa-V) exhibit good Mpro binding, but the dimeric compound Pa-Y is too long and protrudes outside the binding cavity. The work provides novel ideas to guide the design of new molecules interacting with Mpro.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gérard Vergoten
- Inserm, INFINITE - U1286, Institut de Chimie Pharmaceutique Albert Lespagnol (ICPAL), Faculté de Pharmacie, University of Lille, France, Lille
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