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Arnaoutoglou C, Keivanidou A, Dragoutsos G, Tentas I, Meditskou S, Zarogoulidis P, Matthaios D, Sardeli C, Ioannidis A, Perdikouri EI, Giannopoulos A. Factors Affecting the Nuclei in Newborn and Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19074226. [PMID: 35409906 PMCID: PMC8998771 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
It is known that children are more sensitive to the effects of medical treatments and environment than adults. Today there is limited information regarding the differences in genotoxic effects in children. The micronucleus assay is a method that is used to monitor genotoxicity, and it was validated several years before. Today there is international interest for exfoliated buccal cells. Most of the micronuclei studies in children have been performed with the analyses of lymphocytes. However, there is vast interest in using exfoliated cells from the oral cavity. The reason is that other type of cells are acquired non-invasively, this is an important issue in paediatric cohorts. Unfortunately a limitation of measuring micronuclei frequency is that it has been observed to be low in newborns and on the other hand there are a large number of patients and cell sample counts. It has been observed that radiation exposure and environmental pollutants increase the micronuclei frequency in newborn and children. Regarding the medical treatments, there is little data and several studies are needed to optimise the doses. There is the need to observe if there is a relationship between micronuclei in lymphocytes and exfoliated cells and to identify the baseline of the micronuclei levels. Moreover, we evaluate the changes in response to the toxic agents. Prospective cohorts studies will clarify the predictive value of micronuclei for cancer and chronic diseases for both children and adults. Novel molecular technologies will assist in the elucidation of different biological pathways and molecular mechanisms connected with the micronulcei levels in newborn and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Arnaoutoglou
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Anastasia Keivanidou
- Pediatric Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA General Hospital, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.K.); (A.G.)
| | - Georgios Dragoutsos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Democritus University of Thrace, 69132 Komotini, Greece;
| | - Ioannis Tentas
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, General Hospital of Giannitsa, 58100 Giannitsa, Greece;
| | - Soultana Meditskou
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Paul Zarogoulidis
- Pulmonary Department, General Clinic Euromedica, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Chrysanthi Sardeli
- Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Aris Ioannidis
- Department of Surgery, “Genesis” Private Clinic, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | | | - Andreas Giannopoulos
- Pediatric Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA General Hospital, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.K.); (A.G.)
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DNA damage response of haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells to high-LET neutron irradiation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20854. [PMID: 34675263 PMCID: PMC8531011 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00229-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The radiosensitivity of haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) to neutron radiation remains largely underexplored, notwithstanding their potential role as target cells for radiation-induced leukemogenesis. New insights are required for radiation protection purposes, particularly for aviation, space missions, nuclear accidents and even particle therapy. In this study, HSPCs (CD34+CD38+ cells) were isolated from umbilical cord blood and irradiated with 60Co γ-rays (photons) and high energy p(66)/Be(40) neutrons. At 2 h post-irradiation, a significantly higher number of 1.28 ± 0.12 γ-H2AX foci/cell was observed after 0.5 Gy neutrons compared to 0.84 ± 0.14 foci/cell for photons, but this decreased to similar levels for both radiation qualities after 18 h. However, a significant difference in late apoptosis was observed with Annexin-V+/PI+ assay between photon and neutron irradiation at 18 h, 43.17 ± 6.10% versus 55.55 ± 4.87%, respectively. A significant increase in MN frequency was observed after both 0.5 and 1 Gy neutron irradiation compared to photons illustrating higher levels of neutron-induced cytogenetic damage, while there was no difference in the nuclear division index between both radiation qualities. The results point towards a higher induction of DNA damage after neutron irradiation in HSPCs followed by error-prone DNA repair, which contributes to genomic instability and a higher risk of leukemogenesis.
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A Systematic Review of Studies on Genotoxicity and Related Biomarkers in Populations Exposed to Pesticides in Mexico. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9110272. [PMID: 34822663 PMCID: PMC8624200 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9110272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In agricultural activities, pest control is essential, and the most effective method is the use of chemical agents that also represent an important source of exposure to potentially toxic compounds. Pesticides constitute a heterogeneous group of compounds designed specifically to control different pests. Besides measuring their levels or that of their metabolites in air, plasma, serum, blood, urine, etc., some studies reported increased DNA damage levels after occupational or environmental pesticides exposure, evidenced by several cytogenetic biomarkers such as chromosomal aberrations (CA), sister chromatid exchanges (SCE), micronuclei frequency (MN) together with other nuclear abnormalities (NA), alkaline comet assay, but also changes in oxidative stress parameters and miRNA levels. Single or combined, these techniques have also been used in genotoxic biomonitoring studies of workers occupationally exposed to pesticides in Mexico. Despite being a country with great agricultural activity and reported excessive pesticide use, genotoxic studies have been relatively few and, in some cases, contradictory. A review was made of the studies available (published until the end of 2020 on PubMed, Web of Science, Redalyc and Scielo, both in English and Spanish) in the scientific literature that evaluated occupational exposure of human samples to pesticides assessed with DNA damage and related biomarkers in Mexico.
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Da Correggio KS, Silveira SK, May Feuerschuette OH, Maraslis FT, Pinheiro K, Machado MJ, Maluf SW, Casimiro Onofre AS. DNA damage analysis in newborns and their mothers related to pregnancy and delivery characteristics. Placenta 2021; 115:139-145. [PMID: 34624566 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Increased DNA damage is associated with early events in carcinogenesis. The foetus may be more susceptible to effects of environment by transplacental exposure. We aimed to evaluate DNA damage in cells from umbilical cord (arteries and vein) and maternal blood from pregnant women. METHODS Fifty eight pregnant women and their offspring were included in this study. They were submitted to an interview to obtain information about personal history, clinical history, and lifestyle habits. Other Information was obtained from medical records. The samples were prepared for Single Cell Gel/Comet assay and Cytokinesis-block Micronucleus Cytome (CBMN-Cyt) assay. RESULTS Correlation between DNA damage frequency by Comet assay from newborns and their mothers was statistically significant and was significantly associated with nulliparity and more than 1 h of second stage of labour (umbilical vein and maternal blood). A positive MNi relationship was noticed for age (mother's blood) and inappropriate birth weight for gestational age (maternal blood). When multivariate statistical analyses were applied to measure the degree of association between variables that influenced DNA damage markers in the first evaluation, inadequate birth weight and pregnant weight gain were associated with MNi frequency in maternal and newborns blood, respectively. DISCUSSION Significant associations between DNA damage in newborns and pregnant women, and birth and pregnancy events suggest molecular evidence of transplacental genotoxic effects. However, a potentially increased risk of degenerative diseases, such as cancers, in this population should be carefully investigated by further prospective cohort studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Souza Da Correggio
- Division of Tocogynecology, University Hospital Polydoro Ernani de São Thiago, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Sheila Koettker Silveira
- Division of Tocogynecology, University Hospital Polydoro Ernani de São Thiago, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Otto Henrique May Feuerschuette
- Division of Tocogynecology, University Hospital Polydoro Ernani de São Thiago, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Flora Troina Maraslis
- Citogenetics and Genomic Stability Laboratory, University Hospital Polydoro Ernani de São Thiago, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Kamylla Pinheiro
- Citogenetics and Genomic Stability Laboratory, University Hospital Polydoro Ernani de São Thiago, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Marcos José Machado
- Clinical Analysis Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Sharbel Weidner Maluf
- Citogenetics and Genomic Stability Laboratory, University Hospital Polydoro Ernani de São Thiago, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil.
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Martínez-Valenzuela C, Huichapan J, Ortega LD, Irineo AB, Zenteno E, Ruiz-Ramos R. Nuclear abnormalities in umbilical cord blood lymphocytes of newborns from the Ahome and Guasave municipalities in Sinaloa, Mexico. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2020; 47:968-977. [PMID: 33372370 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM We measured the frequency of nuclear abnormalities of 210 blood samples from the umbilical cord, since human fetuses are exposed to environmental mixtures of pesticides that induce DNA damage. METHODS The determinations were made through the micronucleus assay test in lymphocytes from the umbilical cord blood of newborns whose mothers live in Ahome (n = 105) and Guasave (n = 105), Sinaloa, Mexico. RESULTS The average frequency of anomalies in 1000 cells were, respectively: micronucleus 0.4 vs. 2.9, pyknotic cells 18.3 vs. 109.2, chromatin condensation 7.7 vs. 150.1, karyolitic cells 1.8 vs. 24.4, and binucleated cells 4.9 vs. 74.6. The calculated Pearson correlation factors of nuclear abnormality frequencies between both municipalities were low and negative, suggesting that they did not correlate between the Ahome and Guasave newborns and indicating a higher number of mothers exposed in Guasave. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that monitoring nuclear abnormalities in umbilical cord blood samples could be a useful tool to identify transplacental mutagens perfusion that is being discharged into the local environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Martínez-Valenzuela
- Institute for Research in Environment and Health, Autonomous University of Occident, Bulevar Macario Gaxiola y Carretera Internacional, Los Mochis, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - José Huichapan
- Institute for Research in Environment and Health, Autonomous University of Occident, Bulevar Macario Gaxiola y Carretera Internacional, Los Mochis, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Luis Daniel Ortega
- Department of Biological Sciences, Popular Autonomous University of the State of Puebla, 13 Poniente 1927 Colonia Barrio de Santiago, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Ana Bertha Irineo
- Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Occident, Bulevar Macario Gaxiola y Carretera Internacional, Los Mochis, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Edgar Zenteno
- Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, México City, Mexico
| | - Rubén Ruiz-Ramos
- Faculty of Medicine, Veracruz University, Agustín de Iturbide S/N, Zona Centro, Veracruz, Mexico
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Scarpato R, Testi S, Colosimo V, Garcia Crespo C, Micheli C, Azzarà A, Tozzi MG, Ghirri P. Role of oxidative stress, genome damage and DNA methylation as determinants of pathological conditions in the newborn: an overview from conception to early neonatal stage. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2020; 783:108295. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2019.108295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Sordo M, Maciel-Ruiz JA, Salazar AM, Robles-Morales R, Veloz-Martínez MG, Pacheco-Limón JH, Nepomuceno-Hernández AE, Ayala-Yáñez R, Gonsebatt ME, Ostrosky-Wegman P. Particulate matter-associated micronuclei frequencies in maternal and cord blood lymphocytes. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2019; 60:421-427. [PMID: 30702784 DOI: 10.1002/em.22275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Studies associate particulate matter (PM) exposure with pulmonary, cardiovascular, and neurologic diseases. Elevated levels of coarse (PM10) and fine (PM2.5) PM have been reported in the Mexico City metropolitan area during the last two decades. There is limited information if these conditions affect newborns. We associated maternal exposure to PM reported by the monitoring stations considering the place of residence of each participant with the presence of genotoxic damage (cytome analysis) in maternal and umbilical cord blood (UCB) lymphocytes. Eighty-four healthy women in their last quarter of pregnancy met the inclusion criteria. Each volunteer exposure was estimated according to the average PM2.5 and PM10 levels during the last month of gestation. The micronuclei (MN) frequencies in UCB lymphocyte cultures ranged between 0 and 9. They also showed lower cell proliferation indexes than their mothers. There was a strong correlation between the maternal and the UCB MN frequency (ρ = 0.3767, P = 0.0002). Multiple regression analysis including PM10 and PM2.5 levels, maternal age, and occupation, showed a significant and positive association between UCB MN frequency and PM2.5. A statistically significant increase in the MN frequency in both maternal and UCB lymphocytes was observed in samples obtained during the dry season (higher PM levels) as compared with the MN frequency in blood samples obtained during the rainy season (lower PM levels). These results suggest that PM, mainly PM2.5 , can cross the placenta causing DNA damage in fetal cells which may increase the potential for diseases during childhood or adult life. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 60:421-427, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monserrat Sordo
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jorge Alfonso Maciel-Ruiz
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ana María Salazar
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Robles-Morales
- División de Investigación de la Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Gineco-Obstetricia 3 "Dr. Victor Manuel Espinosa de los Reyes Sánchez", Centro Médico Nacional "La Raza", Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - María Guadalupe Veloz-Martínez
- División de Investigación de la Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Gineco-Obstetricia 3 "Dr. Victor Manuel Espinosa de los Reyes Sánchez", Centro Médico Nacional "La Raza", Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jorge H Pacheco-Limón
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Andrés E Nepomuceno-Hernández
- Centro de Investigación Materno Infantil del Grupo de Estudios al Nacimiento, Asociación Hispano Mexicana, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Ayala-Yáñez
- Centro de Investigación Materno Infantil del Grupo de Estudios al Nacimiento, Asociación Hispano Mexicana, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Maria E Gonsebatt
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Patricia Ostrosky-Wegman
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Hernández-Saavedra D, Strakovsky RS, Ostrosky-Wegman P, Pan YX. Epigenetic Regulation of Centromere Chromatin Stability by Dietary and Environmental Factors. Adv Nutr 2017; 8:889-904. [PMID: 29141972 PMCID: PMC5683002 DOI: 10.3945/an.117.016402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The centromere is a genomic locus required for the segregation of the chromosomes during cell division. This chromosomal region together with pericentromeres has been found to be susceptible to damage, and thus the perturbation of the centromere could lead to the development of aneuploidic events. Metabolic abnormalities that underlie the generation of cancer include inflammation, oxidative stress, cell cycle deregulation, and numerous others. The micronucleus assay, an early clinical marker of cancer, has been shown to provide a reliable measure of genotoxic damage that may signal cancer initiation. In the current review, we will discuss the events that lead to micronucleus formation and centromeric and pericentromeric chromatin instability, as well transcripts emanating from these regions, which were previously thought to be inactive. Studies were selected in PubMed if they reported the effects of nutritional status (macro- and micronutrients) or environmental toxicant exposure on micronucleus frequency or any other chromosomal abnormality in humans, animals, or cell models. Mounting evidence from epidemiologic, environmental, and nutritional studies provides a novel perspective on the origination of aneuploidic events. Although substantial evidence exists describing the role that nutritional status and environmental toxicants have on the generation of micronuclei and other nuclear aberrations, limited information is available to describe the importance of macro- and micronutrients on centromeric and pericentromeric chromatin stability. Moving forward, studies that specifically address the direct link between nutritional status, excess, or deficiency and the epigenetic regulation of the centromere will provide much needed insight into the nutritional and environmental regulation of this chromosomal region and the initiation of aneuploidy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yuan-Xiang Pan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences,,Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition,,Illinois Informatics Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL; and
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Dass Singh M, Thomas P, Hor M, Almond T, Owens J, Hague W, Fenech M. Infant birth outcomes are associated with DNA damage biomarkers as measured by the cytokinesis block micronucleus cytome assay: the DADHI study. Mutagenesis 2017; 32:355-370. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gex001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Fucic A, Guszak V, Keser T, Wagner J, Juretić E, Plavec D, Stojković R, Gornik O, Lauc G. Micronucleus, cell-free DNA, and plasma glycan composition in the newborns of healthy and diabetic mothers. Mutat Res 2017; 815:6-15. [PMID: 28283092 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is associated with certain environmental exposures, heritable factors, and metabolic conditions of intrauterine development due to diabetes in the mother. We evaluated genomic damage, cell-free DNA, N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG), and nuclear division index (NDI) as possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers), compared these parameters with those from newborns of healthy mothers (NBHM; 89 mothers), and associated the results with the mothers' lifestyle in both groups, based on a detailed questionnaire. Genomic damage was estimated by the in vitro micronucleus (MN) assay. NDI was detected on MN slides. Glycans were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography that separates the plasma N-glycome into 46 glycan peaks. Cell-free DNA was analyzed by real-time PCR. For the association between biomarkers and individual characteristics, generalized linear/nonlinear analysis was performed. No significant difference was found between NBHM and NBDM for cell-free DNA levels. There was no association between cell-free DNA levels and lifestyle. MN frequency was significantly higher in NBDM than in NBHM (median, 0.6 vs. 0.3%, p<0.001). MN frequency and NDI were significantly associated with residence (urban vs. rural). PG differed significantly between NBHM and NBDM (p<0.001). A significant association was found between PG and increase of MN frequency (p<0.001). As both MN frequency and altered N-glycosylation are associated with cancer risk, our study indicates need for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Fucic
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | | | - Toma Keser
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Emilja Juretić
- University Clinical Centre "Zagreb", Zagreb, Croatia; Medical School, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | - Olga Gornik
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
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Grujičić D, Radović M, Arsenijević S, Milošević-Djordjević O. Cytogenetic biomarkers in detection of genotoxic effects of gestagens in peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro and in vivo. Eur J Med Genet 2016; 59:624-633. [PMID: 27793715 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Gestagens are the most frequently used steroid hormones in hormone-replacement therapy in the treatment of threatened miscarriage during the first trimester of pregnancy. This therapy has been applied in a large number of women with threatened abortion, despite various degrees of success of its efficacy. Genetic factors play a key role in miscarriages, especially in the initial stages. Cytogenetic biomarkers such as micronucleus (MN) test, chromosomal aberrations (CAs), and sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) provide information on DNA damage. Cytogenetic markers detecting DNA damage have become very popular and useful in analysing genetic risk associated with hormone-replacement therapy. Cytogenetic studies presented heterogenous information. In many in vitro studies synthetic gestagens have been shown to induce genotoxic effects, and it was evaluated using three cytogenetic biomarkers. Genotoxic effects of gestagens have also been confirmed in in vivo studies that were conducted involving patients who received gestagen therapy during pregnancy and their newborns. However, some studies have shown that hormone-replacement therapy does not have genotoxic effects. In this paper, we summarize the results from previous studies. We also describe the usefulness of these biomarkers in the detection of genotoxic effects of hormone-replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darko Grujičić
- Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, 34 000, Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Marina Radović
- Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, 34 000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Slobodan Arsenijević
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34 000, Kragujevac, Serbia; Gynaecology Clinic, Clinical Centre Kragujevac, 34 000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Olivera Milošević-Djordjević
- Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, 34 000, Kragujevac, Serbia; Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34 000, Kragujevac, Serbia
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Tekcan A, Tural S, Elbistan M, Guvenc T, Ayas B, Kara N. Evaluation of apoptotic cell death on liver and kidney tissues following administration of levetiracetam during prenatal period. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2016; 30:420-423. [PMID: 27255296 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2016.1174990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Levetiracetam is a new generation antiepileptic drug used in treatment of patients with epilepsy and has adverse effects on different tissues. We aimed to evaluate the apoptotic effects of levetiracetam exposure during pregnancy on liver and kidney tissues of rat pups. METHODS We analyzed the newborn rat pups exposed to levetiracetam during prenatal period. Fifteen pregnant female rats were divided into three groups. The group 1 and 2 rats were treated with different doses of levetiracetam (25 mg/kg/d and 50 mg/kg/d, respectively) from gestational days 1-22 during pregnancy. Group 3 (control group) was treated with the same volume of saline. Apoptosis was evaluated by the terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) method. Liver and kidney tissues from rat pups were used for investigation. RESULTS The percent of TUNEL positive apoptotic cells in group 1 were 22 and 17.5 for kidney and liver, respectively. The percent of TUNEL positive apoptotic cells in group 2 were 20.9 and 20.9 for kidney and liver, respectively. The percent of TUNEL positive apoptotic cells in group 3 were 18.4 and 17.1, respectively, for kidney and liver. The apoptotic index was the same in kidney and liver tissues of all groups. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that the prenatal exposure of levetiracetam has no apoptotic effects on liver and kidney of rat pups and, it has biosafety in pregnancy in terms of apoptosis. The first study evaluating the apoptotic effects on liver and kidney tissues following administration of levetiracetam during prenatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akin Tekcan
- a School of Health, Ahi Evran University , Kirsehir , Turkey
| | - Sengul Tural
- b Department of Medical Biology , Section of Medical Genetic, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University , Samsun , Turkey
| | - Mehmet Elbistan
- b Department of Medical Biology , Section of Medical Genetic, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University , Samsun , Turkey
| | - Tolga Guvenc
- c Department of Pathology , Faculty of Veterinary, Ondokuz Mayis University , Samsun , Turkey , and
| | - Bulent Ayas
- d Department of Histology and Embryology , Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun , Turkey
| | - Nurten Kara
- b Department of Medical Biology , Section of Medical Genetic, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University , Samsun , Turkey
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The use of the lymphocyte cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay for monitoring pesticide-exposed populations. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2016; 770:183-203. [PMID: 27894686 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides are widely used around the world, and hundreds of millions of people are exposed annually in occupational and environmental settings. Numerous studies have demonstrated relationships between pesticide exposure and increased risk of cancers, neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders, respiratory diseases and diabetes. Assessment of genotoxicity of pesticides and biomonitoring their effect in exposed populations is critical for a better regulation and protection, but it can be complicated because pesticides are often used as complex mixtures. The cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay in human lymphocytes (L-CBMN) is a validated method of assessment of DNA damage induced by clastogenic and aneuploidogenic mechanisms. The goal of this review is to provide an updated summary of publications on biomonitoring studies using this assay in people exposed to pesticides in different settings, and to identify gaps in knowledge, and future directions. A literature search was conducted through MedLine/PubMed and TOXLINE electronic databases up to December 2015. A total of 55 full-text articles, related to 49 studies, excluding reviews, were selected for in depth analysis, divided by the settings where exposures occurred, such as chemical plant workers, pesticide sprayers, floriculturists, agricultural workers and non-occupationally exposed groups. Majority of studies (36 out of 49) reported positive findings with L-CBMN assay. However, most of the studies of professional applicators that used single pesticide or few compounds in the framework of specific programs did not show significant increases in MN frequency. A decreased level of pesticide-induced genotoxicity was associated with the proper use of personal protection. In contrast, subjects working in greenhouses or during intensive spraying season and having acute exposure, showed consistent increases in MN frequency. Overall, this analysis confirmed that L-CBMN is an excellent tool for pesticide biomonitoring, and can validate the effects of educational and intervention programs on reducing exposure and genetic damage.
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Ramos-Chavez LA, Sordo M, Calderon-Aranda E, Castañeda-Saucedo E, Ostrosky-Wegman P, Moreno-Godinez ME. A permethrin/allethrin mixture induces genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2015; 78:7-14. [PMID: 25424543 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2015.956025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Two pyrethroids, permethrin and allethrin, are often combined for large-scale use in public health programs to control vector-borne diseases. In this study, the genotoxic potential of a commercial formulation of permethrin and allethrin was examined using cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). Genotoxicity was evaluated using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome (CBMN cyt) assay by measuring the frequency of micronuclei (MN), nuclear division index (NDI), formation of nucleoplasmic bridges (NPB) and nuclear buds (NBUD), as well as apoptotic and necrotic cells. Human PBL were treated with different concentrations of a permethrin/allethrin mixture (1/0.01, 5/0.07, and 10/0.14 μg/ml) for 24 or 36 h. The highest concentration (10/0.14 μg/ml) of permethrin/allethrin mixture significantly increased MN frequency and percent apoptotic cells after incubations for 24 or 36 h. The NDI was markedly decreased in response to treatment with 5/0.07 or 10/0.14 μg/ml permethrin/allethrin for both 24 and 36 h. Exposure to the permethrin/allethrin mixture did not significantly alter formation of NBUD, NPB, or percent necrotic cells. The MN frequency was significantly correlated with the number of apoptotic and necrotic cells but inversely correlated with NDI. Data demonstrated that a mixture of permethrin and allethrin induced concentration- and time-dependent cytotoxic and genotoxic damage to human PBL in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucio A Ramos-Chavez
- a Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero , Guerrero , México
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Fucic A, Katic J, Fthenou E, Kogevinas M, Plavec D, Koppe J, Batinic D, Chalkiadaki G, Chatzi L, Lasan R, Kleinjans J, Kirsch-Volders M. Increased frequency of micronuclei in mononucleated lymphocytes and cytome analysis in healthy newborns as an early warning biomarkers of possible future health risks. Reprod Toxicol 2013; 42:110-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Alvarado-Hernandez DL, Montero-Montoya R, Serrano-García L, Arellano-Aguilar O, Jasso-Pineda Y, Yáñez-Estrada L. Assessment of exposure to organochlorine pesticides and levels of DNA damage in mother-infant pairs of an agrarian community. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2013; 54:99-111. [PMID: 23355095 DOI: 10.1002/em.21753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to organochlorine pesticides was studied in a group of mother-infant pairs living in a rural area where agriculture is the main economic activity. Fumigation in this zone is performed with airplanes, thus affecting the inhabited areas around them, including schools. Heparinized venous blood of mothers and umbilical cords was used to evaluate the olive tail moment in the comet assay, and micronuclei, chromatin buds, and nucleoplasmic bridges in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Cord blood samples were taken at the moment of birth only from natural and normal parturitions. Determinations of hexachlorobenzene, aldrin, heptachlor epoxide, oxichlordane, t and c-chlordane, cis-nonachlor, mirex, alpha and beta-endosulfan, alpha, beta and gamma hexachlorocyclohexane, and p'p'-DDT, p'p'-DDE were conducted to establish the differential distribution of the toxicants between compartments, i.e., mother and umbilical cord. Significantly higher pesticide levels were found in umbilical cord plasma than in mothers' plasma for almost all compounds tested, except DDE and oxychlordane. Significantly higher olive tail moments were found in umbilical cords than in mothers, whereas micronuclei frequencies were higher in mothers than in umbilical cords. However, neither the levels of micronuclei nor the olive tail moment were correlated with pesticide levels. Given that no other exposure to toxic compounds has been identified in this region, the lack of correlation between genotoxicity biomarkers and pesticide levels may be due to the variability of the exposure and to endogenous processes related to lipid mobility during pregnancy, the metabolism of the compounds, and individual susceptibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Lorena Alvarado-Hernandez
- Departamento de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Medicina, Laboratorio de Género, Salud y Ambiente, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., México
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Vande Loock K, Ciardelli R, Decordier I, Plas G, Haumont D, Kirsch-Volders M. Preterm newborns show slower repair of oxidative damage and paternal smoking associated DNA damage. Mutagenesis 2012; 27:573-80. [PMID: 22553360 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/ges022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Newborns have to cope with hypoxia during delivery and a sudden increase in oxygen at birth. Oxygen will partly be released as reactive oxygen species having the potential to cause damage to DNA and proteins. In utero, increase of most (non)-enzymatic antioxidants occurs during last weeks of gestation, making preterm neonates probably more sensitive to oxidative stress. Moreover, it has been hypothesized that oxidative stress might be the common etiological factor for certain neonatal diseases in preterm infants. The aim of this study was to assess background DNA damage; in vitro H(2)O(2) induced oxidative DNA damage and repair capacity (residual DNA damage) in peripheral blood mononucleated cells from 25 preterm newborns and their mothers. In addition, demographic data were taken into account and repair capacity of preterm was compared with full-term newborns. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that preterm infants from smoking fathers have higher background DNA damage levels than those from non-smoking fathers, emphasizing the risk of paternal smoking behaviour for the progeny. Significantly higher residual DNA damage found after 15-min repair in preterm children compared to their mothers and higher residual DNA damage after 2 h compared to full-term newborns suggest a slower DNA repair capacity in preterm children. In comparison with preterm infants born by caesarean delivery, preterm infants born by vaginal delivery do repair more slowly the in vitro induced oxidative DNA damage. Final impact of passive smoking and of the slower DNA repair activity of preterm infants need to be confirmed in a larger study population combining transgenerational genetic and/or epigenetic effects, antioxidant levels, genotypes, repair enzyme efficiency/levels and infant morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Vande Loock
- Laboratory of Cell Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussel, Belgium.
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Vande Loock K, Fthenou E, Decordier I, Chalkiadaki G, Keramarou M, Plas G, Roelants M, Kleinjans J, Chatzi L, Merlo F, Kogevinas M, Kirsch-Volders M. Maternal and gestational factors and micronucleus frequencies in umbilical blood: the NewGeneris Rhea cohort in Crete. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2011; 119:1460-5. [PMID: 21622084 PMCID: PMC3230441 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1003246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of cancer-related biomarkers in newborns has been very limited. OBJECTIVE We investigated the formation of micronuclei (MN) in full-term and preterm newborns and their mothers from the Rhea cohort (Crete), applying for the first time in cord blood a validated semiautomated analysis system, in both mono- and binucleated T lymphocytes. METHODS We assessed MN frequencies in peripheral blood samples from the mothers and in umbilical cord blood samples. We calculated MN in mononucleated (MNMONO) and binucleated (MNBN) T lymphocytes and the cytokinesis block proliferation index (CBPI) in 251 newborns (224 full term) and 223 mothers, including 182 mother-child pairs. Demographic and lifestyle characteristics were collected. RESULTS We observed significantly higher MNBN and CBPI levels in mothers than in newborns. In newborns, MNMONO and MNBN were correlated (r = 0.35, p < 0.001), and we found a moderate correlation between MNMONO in mothers and newborns (r = 0.26, p < 0.001). MNMONO frequencies in newborns were positively associated with the mother's body mass index and inversely associated with gestational age and mother's age, but we found no significant predictors of MNBN or CBPI in newborns. CONCLUSIONS Although confirmation is needed by a larger study population, the results indicate the importance of taking into account both mono- and binucleated T lymphocytes for biomonitoring of newborns, because the first reflects damage expressed during in vivo cell division and accumulated in utero, and the latter includes additional damage expressed as MN during the in vitro culture step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Vande Loock
- Laboratory of Cell Genetics, Faculty of Science and Bio-engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
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Furness DLF, Dekker GA, Roberts CT. DNA damage and health in pregnancy. J Reprod Immunol 2011; 89:153-62. [PMID: 21511343 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2011.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Revised: 02/07/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In healthy pregnancy reactive oxygen species and antioxidants remain in balance and DNA damage is repaired effectively. However, pregnancy is an inflammatory state exhibiting increased susceptibility to oxidative stress such that this balance can be easily disrupted. Increased DNA damage has been shown to be involved in many pathological states including pregnancy complications. Modern lifestyles including exposure to pollutants, poor diet, and lack of exercise cause excess inflammation, oxidative stress, and ultimately DNA damage. There is a growing body of literature providing evidence that these lifestyle changes are increasing our risk of infertility, miscarriage, and late-gestation pregnancy complications. Moreover, baseline DNA damage rises with age and couples in developed societies are delaying childbirth, placing them at further risk. In order to understand the effect of lifestyle and DNA damage on pregnancy health we require large prospective studies, with the collection of samples prior to conception and endpoints of time-to-pregnancy, early pregnancy loss, and late-gestation maternal and fetal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L F Furness
- The University of Adelaide, Robinson Institute, Research Centre for Reproductive Health, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.
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Bolognesi C, Creus A, Ostrosky-Wegman P, Marcos R. Micronuclei and pesticide exposure. Mutagenesis 2011; 26:19-26. [PMID: 21164178 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geq070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Micronucleus (MN) is a biomarker widely used in biomonitoring studies carried out to determine the genetic risk associated to pesticide exposure. Many in vitro and in vivo studies, as well as epidemiological approaches, have demonstrated the ability of certain chemical pesticides to produce genetic effects including cancer and other chronic pathologies in humans; thus, biomonitoring studies have been carried out to characterise the genetic risk associated to pesticide exposure. It must be noted that 'pesticide exposure' is a broad term covering complex mixtures of chemicals and many variables that can reduce or potentiate their risk. In addition, there are large differences in pesticides used in the different parts of the world. Although pesticides constitute a wide group of environmental pollutants, the main focus on their risk has been addressed to people using pesticides in their working places, at the chemical industry or in the crop fields. Here, we present a brief review of biomonitoring studies carried out in people occupationally exposed to pesticides and that use MN in lymphocytes or buccal cells as a target to determine the induction of genotoxic damage. Thus, people working in the chemical industry producing pesticides, people spraying pesticides and people dedicated to floriculture or agricultural works in general are the subject of specific sections. MN is a valuable genotoxic end point when clear exposure conditions exist like in pesticide production workers; nevertheless, better study designs are needed to overcome the uncertainty in exposure, genetic susceptibility and statistical power in the studies of sprayers and floriculture or agricultural workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Bolognesi
- Environmental Carcinogenesis Unit, Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy
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Holland N, Fucic A, Merlo DF, Sram R, Kirsch-Volders M. Micronuclei in neonates and children: effects of environmental, genetic, demographic and disease variables. Mutagenesis 2011; 26:51-6. [PMID: 21164182 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geq064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Children may be more susceptible to the effects of the environmental exposure and medical treatments than adults; however, limited information is available about the differences in genotoxic effects in children by age, sex and health status. Micronucleus (MN) assay is a well established method of monitoring genotoxicity, and this approach is thoroughly validated for adult lymphocytes by the Human Micronucleus Biomonitoring project (HUMN.org). Similar international undertaking is in progress for exfoliated buccal cells. Most of the MN studies in children are focused on analyses of lymphocytes but in the recent years, more investigators are interested in using exfoliated cells from the oral cavity and other cell types that can be collected non-invasively, which is particularly important in paediatric cohorts. The baseline MN frequency is relatively low in newborns and its assessment requires large cohorts and cell sample counts. Available results are mostly consistent in conclusion that environmental pollutants and radiation exposures lead to the increase in the MN frequency in children. Effects of medical treatments are less clear, and more studies are needed to optimise the doses and minimise genotoxicity without compromising therapy outcomes. Despite the recent progress in MN assay in children, more studies are warranted to establish the relationship between MN in lymphocytes and exfoliated cells, to clarify sex, age and genotype differences in baseline MN levels and the changes in response to genotoxicants. One of the most important types of MN studies in children are prospective cohorts that will help to clarify the predictive value of MN and other cytome end points for cancer and other chronic diseases of childhood and adulthood. Emerging 'omic' and other novel molecular technologies may shed light on the molecular mechanisms and biological pathways associated with the MN levels in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Holland
- School of Public Health, 733 University Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-7360, USA.
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Witczak M, Kociszewska I, Wilczyński J, Łopaczyńska D, Ferenc T. Evaluation of chromosome aberrations, sister chromatid exchange and micronuclei in cultured cord-blood lymphocytes of newborns of women treated for epilepsy during pregnancy. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2010; 701:111-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2010.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2009] [Revised: 03/23/2010] [Accepted: 05/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Furness DLF, Dekker GA, Hague WM, Khong TY, Fenech MF. Increased lymphocyte micronucleus frequency in early pregnancy is associated prospectively with pre-eclampsia and/or intrauterine growth restriction. Mutagenesis 2010; 25:489-98. [PMID: 20581221 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geq032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome stability is essential for normal foetal growth and development. To date, genome stability in human lymphocytes has not been studied in relation to late pregnancy diseases, such as pre-eclampsia (PE) and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), which can be life-threatening to mother and baby and together affect >10% of pregnancies. We performed a prospective cohort study investigating the association of maternal chromosomal damage in mid-pregnancy (20 weeks gestation) with pregnancy outcomes. Chromosome damage was measured using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome (CBMNcyt) assay in peripheral blood lymphocytes. The odds ratio for PE and/or IUGR in a mixed cohort of low- and high-risk pregnancies (N = 136) and a cohort of only high-risk pregnancies (N = 91) was 15.97 (P = 0.001) and 17.85 (P = 0.007), respectively, if the frequency of lymphocytes with micronuclei (MN) at 20 weeks gestation was greater than the mean + 2 SDs of the cohort. These results suggest that the presence of lymphocyte MN is significantly increased in women who develop PE and/or IUGR before the clinical signs or symptoms appear relative to women with normal pregnancy outcomes. The CBMNcyt assay may provide a new approach for the early detection of women at risk of developing these late pregnancy diseases and for biomonitoring the efficacy of interventions to reduce DNA damage, which may in turn ameliorate pregnancy outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L F Furness
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Robinson Institute, Research Centre for Reproductive Health, The Medical School, Frome Road, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia.
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Lope V, Pollán M, Fernández M, de León A, González MJ, Sanz JC, Iriso A, Pérez-Gómez B, Gil E, Pérez-Meixeira AM, de Paz C, Cisneros M, de Santos A, Asensio A, Astray J, Martínez M, García JF, López-Abente G, García-Sagredo JM, Aragonés N. Cytogenetic status in newborns and their parents in Madrid: the BioMadrid study. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2010; 51:267-277. [PMID: 19950393 DOI: 10.1002/em.20541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring cytogenetic damage is frequently used to assess population exposure to environmental mutagens. The cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay is one of the most widely used methods employed in these studies. In the present study we used this assay to assess the baseline frequency of micronuclei in a healthy population of father-pregnant woman-newborn trios drawn from two Madrid areas. We also investigated the association between micronucleus frequency and specific socioeconomic, environmental, and demographic factors collected by questionnaire. Mercury, arsenic, lead, and cadmium blood levels were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. The association between micronucleated cell frequency and the variables collected by questionnaire, as well as, the risk associated with the presence of elevated levels of metals in blood, was estimated using Poisson models, taking the number of micronucleated cells in 1,000 binucleated cells (MNBCs) as the dependent variable. Separate analyses were conducted for the 110 newborns, 136 pregnant women, and 134 fathers in whom micronuclei could be assessed. The mean number of micronucleated cells per 1,000 binucleated cells was 3.9, 6.5, and 6.1 respectively. Our results show a statistically significant correlation in MNBC frequency between fathers and mothers, and between parents and newborns. Elevated blood mercury levels in fathers were associated with significantly higher MNBC frequency, compared with fathers who had normal mercury levels (RR:1.21; 95%CI:1.02-1.43). This last result suggests the need to implement greater control over populations which, by reason of their occupation or life style, are among those most exposed to this metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Lope
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Rojas-García AE, Sordo M, Vega L, Quintanilla-Vega B, Solis-Heredia M, Ostrosky-Wegman P. The role of paraoxonase polymorphisms in the induction of micronucleus in paraoxon-treated human lymphocytes. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2009; 50:823-829. [PMID: 19402156 DOI: 10.1002/em.20492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Human paraoxonase-1 (PON1) is a high-density lipoprotein-associated enzyme that has a role in the detoxification of organophosphorus compounds by hydrolyzing the bioactive oxons. PON1 polymorphims are responsible, at least in part, for the variation in the catalytic activity and expression of the enzyme and have been associated with susceptibility to organophosphorus pesticide toxicity, mainly neurotoxicity. The aim of this study was to determine whether paraoxon induced micronuclei and to examine the role of PON1 polymorphism in paraoxon's genotoxic potential. First, dose finding cytogenetic experiments were performed on lymphocyte cultures from three donors and a range of paraoxon concentration (1-25 microM) were tested. In a second set of experiments, 5 microM paraoxon was added to blood cultures of 11 donors with two different PON1 haplotypes (PON T(-108)M(55)Q(192) with low activity and haplotype PON C(-108)L(55) R(192) with high activity, referred to as PON1QQ and as PON1 RR, respectively). Because PON1 is present in blood, the effect of adding 5 microM paraoxon and 70 microl of autologous plasma to lymphocyte cultures also was examined. Paraoxon had no effect on cell viability, but caused a significant dose-dependent increase in MN frequency. The basal MN frequencies were similar on QQ and RR genotypes. A significant difference was observed in the MN frequency only in lymphocytes from individuals with the QQ genotype treated with 5 microM paraoxon and the autologous plasma did not modify these effects. The results obtained in this study suggest that PON1 genotype might have an important role in the identification of individuals at risk for cancer development due to occupational exposure to pesticides.
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Pedersen M, Wichmann J, Autrup H, Dang DA, Decordier I, Hvidberg M, Bossi R, Jakobsen J, Loft S, Knudsen LE. Increased micronuclei and bulky DNA adducts in cord blood after maternal exposures to traffic-related air pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2009; 109:1012-20. [PMID: 19783246 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2009.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2009] [Accepted: 08/13/2009] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to traffic-related air pollution in urban environment is common and has been associated with adverse human health effects. In utero exposures that result in DNA damage may affect health later in life. Early effects of maternal and in utero exposures to traffic-related air pollution were assessed through the use of validated biomarkers in blood cells from mother-newborn pairs. A cross-sectional biomonitoring study with healthy pregnant women living in the Greater Copenhagen area, Denmark, was conducted. Bulky DNA adducts and micronuclei (MN) were measured in blood from 75 women and 69 umbilical cords, concurrently collected at the time of planned Caesarean section. Modeled residential traffic density, a proxy measure of traffic-related air pollution exposures, was validated by indoor levels of nitrogen dioxide and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in 42 non-smoking homes. DNA adduct levels were similar and positively correlated in maternal and cord blood (1.40 vs. 1.37 n/10(8) nucleotides; r=0.99; p<0.01). Maternal MN frequencies were significantly associated with age (p<0.01), and higher than those of the newborns (7.0 vs. 3.2 MN per 1000 binucleated cells). Adduct levels were highest among mother-newborn pairs who lived near medium-traffic-density (>400-2500 vehicle km/24h; p<0.01) places. MN frequencies among newborns from women who lived at high-traffic-density homes (>2500 vehicle km/24h) were significantly increased (p=0.02). This trend remained after adjusting for potential confounders and effect modifiers. For the first time increased bulky DNA adducts and MN in cord blood after maternal exposures to traffic-related air pollution are found, demonstrating that these transplacental environmental exposures induce DNA damage in newborns. Given that increased DNA damage early in life indicate an increased risk for adverse health effects later in life, these findings justify intervention of pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pedersen
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Oester Farimagsgade 5A, 1353 K, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Das B, Karuppasamy CV. Spontaneous frequency of micronuclei among the newborns from high level natural radiation areas of Kerala in the southwest coast of India. Int J Radiat Biol 2009; 85:272-80. [DOI: 10.1080/09553000902751462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Grujicic D, Miloševic-Djordjevic O, Arsenijevic S, Marinkovic D. Treatment of Pregnant Women with a Betamimetic and Verapamil Increases the Micronuclei Frequency in Umbilical Cord Blood Lymphocytes. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2008; 215:363-71. [DOI: 10.1620/tjem.215.363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Decordier I, De Bont K, De Bock K, Mateuca R, Roelants M, Ciardelli R, Haumont D, Knudsen LE, Kirsch-Volders M. Genetic susceptibility of newborn daughters to oxidative stress. Toxicol Lett 2007; 172:68-84. [PMID: 17614221 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2007.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A central question in risk assessment is whether newborns' susceptibility to mutagens is different from that of adults. Therefore we investigated whether genotype and/or the DNA strand break repair phenotype in combination with the MN assay would allow estimation of the relative sensitivity of a newborn as compared to his mother for oxidative DNA damage. We compared the in vitro genetic susceptibility for H2O2 in PBMC of 17 mother-newborn daughter pairs taking into account genotypes for relevant DNA repair (hOGG1, XRCC1, XRCC3, XPD) and folate metabolism (MTHFR) polymorphisms. After in vitro challenge with H2O2 the repair capacity was assessed by the Comet assay and chromosome/genome mutations by the cytokinesis-block MN assay. No statistically significant differences were found between mothers and their newborn daughters either for initial DNA damage or for residual DNA damage. Mothers showed higher background frequencies of MN as compared to their newborn daughters, due to the age factor. This was confirmed by significantly higher frequencies of MN observed in mothers versus newborn daughters for several genotypes. No genotype with a significant effect on DNA repair capacity in newborns was identified. Concerning MN frequencies, however, newborns carrying the variant XRCC3(241) genotype might be at higher risk for the induction of MN by oxidative stress. Multivariate analysis revealed a significant protective effect of maternal antioxidant supplementation during pregnancy against oxidative DNA damage in newborns in terms of MN frequencies. However, these conclusions might not be extrapolable to other types of DNA damage and need confirmation in a study on a larger population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse Decordier
- Laboratory of Cell Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
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Miloševic-Djordjevic O, Grujicic D, Arsenijevic S, Brkic M, Ugrinovic S, Marinkovic D. Micronuclei in Cord Blood Lymphocytes as a Biomarker of Transplacental Exposure to Environmental Pollutants. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2007; 213:231-9. [DOI: 10.1620/tjem.213.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Zalacain M, Sierrasesumaga L, Larrañnaga C, Patiñno-García A. Effects of benzopyrene-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE) in vitro and of maternal smoking in vivo on micronuclei frequencies in fetal cord blood. Pediatr Res 2006; 60:180-4. [PMID: 16864700 DOI: 10.1203/01.pdr.0000228327.63820.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Up to 20% of pregnant women smoke and there is indirect evidence that certain tobacco-specific metabolites can cross the placental barrier and are genotoxic to the fetus. The presence of micronuclei results from chromosome damage and reflects the degree of underlying genetic instability. Fetal blood was obtained from the cord blood of 143 newborns (102 from nonsmoking mothers and 41 from mothers smoking >10 cigarettes/d during pregnancy). The micronucleus assay was performed following the guidelines established by the Human MicroNucleus project with modifications. To test the micronucleus assay, we evaluated the effect of a range of benzopyrene-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide concentrations (from 3.125 nM to 4 microM) on cord blood from nonsmoking mothers. This validation showed that the number of micronuclei and apoptotic cells increased with benzopyrene-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide dose (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.001, respectively); the minimal detectable effect was induced by 12.5 nM benzopyrene-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide. In our sample, the number of MN was significantly higher in the 41 cord blood samples from mothers who smoked during pregnancy [smokers: 4 (1; 10.5); nonsmokers: 3 (0; 8); p = 0.016]. Therefore, the data reported herein support the hypothesis that tobacco compounds are able to induce chromosomal losses and breaks that are detectable as an increased number of micronuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Zalacain
- Department of Pediatrics, University Clinic and University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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