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Ilderbayeva G, Rakhyzhanova S, Utegenova A, Salkhozhayeva G, Ilderbayev O. Combined Effect of Gamma Radiation and Heavy Metals on Some Living Organisms. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04272-8. [PMID: 38907828 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04272-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to systematise scientific publications on the combined effect of gamma radiation and heavy metals on living organisms. For this purpose, the method of analysis was applied, by means of which scientific papers in PubMed, Google Scholar, and other related databases were analysed for compliance with the inclusion criteria, where the objects of research were toxic effects of radiation and heavy metals on cells and adaptation processes. The results revealed that the study of the problem was carried out on organisms such as microalgae, fungi, weed and agricultural plants, fish, laboratory rats, and human cell cultures. In most studies, an antagonistic effect between low doses of gamma radiation and heavy metal salts was reported, which was manifested by a reduction in the cytotoxicity of isolated exposure to each agent separately. However, there are studies showing additive effects, especially in heavy metals. At the molecular level, heavy metal accumulation in combination with low doses of radiation (typically defined as less than 0.1 Gy or sievert) induces the expression of metallothionein proteins, which can bind free radicals. At the metabolic level, this is manifested by a decrease in lipid peroxidation products, activation of antioxidant enzymes, and a decrease in apoptosis. The study proved both a direct relationship between zinc and cadmium accumulation in cells and inhibition of caspases and an indirect one, by maintaining mitochondrial membrane integrity through metallothionein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulzhan Ilderbayeva
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, 010008, Republic of Kazakhstan.
| | - Saule Rakhyzhanova
- Department of Physiological Disciplines named after Honored Scientist of the Republic of Kazakhstan T.A. Nazarova, Semey Medical University, Semey, 071400, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Aigul Utegenova
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Astana Medical University, Astana, 010000, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Gaukhar Salkhozhayeva
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, 010008, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Oralbek Ilderbayev
- Department of General Biology and Genomics, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, 010008, Republic of Kazakhstan
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Zhao L, Islam R, Wang Y, Zhang X, Liu LZ. Epigenetic Regulation in Chromium-, Nickel- and Cadmium-Induced Carcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235768. [PMID: 36497250 PMCID: PMC9737485 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental and occupational exposure to heavy metals, such as hexavalent chromium, nickel, and cadmium, are major health concerns worldwide. Some heavy metals are well-documented human carcinogens. Multiple mechanisms, including DNA damage, dysregulated gene expression, and aberrant cancer-related signaling, have been shown to contribute to metal-induced carcinogenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms accounting for heavy metal-induced carcinogenesis and angiogenesis are still not fully understood. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have indicated that in addition to genotoxicity and genetic mutations, epigenetic mechanisms play critical roles in metal-induced cancers. Epigenetics refers to the reversible modification of genomes without changing DNA sequences; epigenetic modifications generally involve DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodeling, and non-coding RNAs. Epigenetic regulation is essential for maintaining normal gene expression patterns; the disruption of epigenetic modifications may lead to altered cellular function and even malignant transformation. Therefore, aberrant epigenetic modifications are widely involved in metal-induced cancer formation, development, and angiogenesis. Notably, the role of epigenetic mechanisms in heavy metal-induced carcinogenesis and angiogenesis remains largely unknown, and further studies are urgently required. In this review, we highlight the current advances in understanding the roles of epigenetic mechanisms in heavy metal-induced carcinogenesis, cancer progression, and angiogenesis.
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Chrysochou E, Koukoulakis K, Kanellopoulos PG, Sakellari A, Karavoltsos S, Dassenakis M, Minaidis M, Maropoulos G, Bakeas E. Human serum elements' levels and leukemia: A first pilot study from an adult Greek cohort. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 68:126833. [PMID: 34371329 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study focuses on the evaluation of potential relationships between trace elements and acute and chronic types of leukemia, via the determination of their levels in human blood serum. METHODS A total of 199 serum samples from a Greek cohort were examined, including both leukemia cases and controls. Elements' analysis was carried out using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and demographic features such as age, gender, smoking habits and area of residence were recorded and statistically treated applying Shapiro-Wilk, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Mann Whitney and Kruskal Wallis tests (p < 0.05). Spearman correlation and principal component analysis (PCA) were also performed to investigate possible associations. RESULTS The results demonstrated significantly higher (p < 0.05) trace elements concentrations in cases' serum compared to that of controls excluding Ba, with Cu (median concentration 1295 μg L-1) being the most abundant in cases. Additionally, concentration of toxic Pb and Cd were found at seven and four fold higher concentrations in cases, respectively. Among the trace elements examined, only Rb (164 μg L-1) was detected in higher concentrations in controls. Ba, Cd and Co presented the lowest concentrations (lower than 1 μg L-1). PCA was performed for overall and classified data, indicating a stronger relation among the toxic As, Cd, Ni and Pb in cases than controls, particularly referring to smokers and industrial sites' residents. Hematological parameters and factors such as age and gender did not present any significant outcome or correlation. CONCLUSIONS The findings from this pilot study suggest a potential relationship between metals and leukemia, especially concerning the toxic ones. Results from the employed source apportionment tools imply that smoking and atmospheric degradation may be positively related with higher metal serum levels in leukemia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Chrysochou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografos, Panepistimiopolis, Athens, 15784, Greece.
| | - Konstantinos Koukoulakis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografos, Panepistimiopolis, Athens, 15784, Greece.
| | - Panagiotis Georgios Kanellopoulos
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografos, Panepistimiopolis, Athens, 15784, Greece.
| | - Aikaterini Sakellari
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografos, Panepistimiopolis, Athens, 15784, Greece.
| | - Sotirios Karavoltsos
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografos, Panepistimiopolis, Athens, 15784, Greece.
| | - Manos Dassenakis
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografos, Panepistimiopolis, Athens, 15784, Greece.
| | | | | | - Evangelos Bakeas
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografos, Panepistimiopolis, Athens, 15784, Greece.
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Ohanian M, Telouk P, Kornblau S, Albarede F, Ruvolo P, Tidwell RSS, Plesa A, Kanagal-Shamanna R, Matera EL, Cortes J, Carson A, Dumontet C. A heavy metal baseline score predicts outcome in acute myeloid leukemia. Am J Hematol 2020; 95:422-434. [PMID: 31944361 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.25731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite abundant epidemiological data linking metals to leukemia and other cancers, baseline values of toxic and essential metals in patients with leukemia and the clinical impact of these metals remain unknown. Thus, we sought to quantify metal values in untreated patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and controls and determine the impact of metal values on AML patients' survival. Serum samples from patients with untreated AML and controls at Hospices Civils de Lyon were analyzed and compared for trace metals and copper isotopic abundance ratios with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Survival analysis was performed as a function of metal values, and a multi-metal score was developed for patients with AML. Serum samples were collected from 67 patients with untreated AML and 94 controls. Most patients had intermediate-risk cytogenetics (63.1%) without FLT3 internal tandem duplication mutations (75.6%) or NPM1 mutations (68.1%). Most metal values differed significantly between AML and control groups. Patients with lower magnesium and higher cadmium values had the worst survival rates, with only 36% surviving at 6 months (P = .001). The adverse prognostic effect of this combination was maintained on multivariate analysis. Based on this, we developed a novel metal score, which accounts for multiple relative abnormalities in the values of five toxic and five essential metals. Patients with a higher metal score had significantly worse survival, which was maintained on multivariate analysis (P = .03). This baseline metal scoring system was also prognostic when we applied it to a separate population of front-line AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maro Ohanian
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Philippe Telouk
- Department of Géosciences, École Normal Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Steven Kornblau
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Francis Albarede
- Department of Géosciences, École Normal Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Peter Ruvolo
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Rebecca S S Tidwell
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Adriana Plesa
- CRCL, INSERM 1052/CNRS 5286, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Rashmi Kanagal-Shamanna
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Eva-Laure Matera
- CRCL, INSERM 1052/CNRS 5286, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Arch Carson
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas
| | - Charles Dumontet
- CRCL, INSERM 1052/CNRS 5286, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
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Abu-Khudir R, Habieb ME, Mohamed MA, Hawas AM, Mohamed TM. Anti-apoptotic role of spermine against lead and/or gamma irradiation-induced hepatotoxicity in male rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:24272-24283. [PMID: 28889190 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0069-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to either lead (Pb) or γ-irradiation (IR) results in oxidative stress in biological systems. Herein, we explored the potential anti-apoptotic effect of spermine (Spm) against lead and/or γ-irradiation-induced hepatotoxicity in male albino rats. Rats were divided into eight experimental groups of ten rats each: groups including negative control, whole body γ-irradiated (6 Gray (Gy)), lead acetate (PbAct) trihydrate orally administered (75 mg/kg bw ≡ 40 mg/kg bw Pb for 14 consecutive days), and Spm intraperitoneally dosed (10 mg/kg bw for 14 consecutive days) rats and groups subjected to combinations of Pb + IR, Spm + IR, Spm + Pb, and Spm + Pb followed by IR on day 14 (Spm + Pb + IR). A significant decrease in arginase activity as well as mRNA and protein levels of Bcl-2 and p21 was observed in rats intoxicated with Pb and/or γ-irradiation compared to controls, whereas Bax mRNA and protein levels were significantly increased. Also, an increased level of nitric oxide (NO) with a reduced arginase activity was observed in liver tissues of intoxicated rats. Spm co-treatment with lead and/or γ-irradiation attenuated the increase in Bax mRNA and protein expression, while it restored those of Bcl-2 and p21 together with NO levels and arginase activity to control values. Altogether, we suggest that Spm may be useful in combating free radical-induced apoptosis in Pb-intoxicated and/or γ-irradiated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Abu-Khudir
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, P.O. 31527, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud E Habieb
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, P.O. Box; 29, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Mohamed
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, P.O. Box; 29, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asrar M Hawas
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, P.O. Box; 29, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tarek M Mohamed
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, P.O. 31527, Tanta, Egypt
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Oujifard A, Amiri R, Shahhosseini G, Davoodi R, Moghaddam JA. Effect of gamma radiation on the growth, survival, hematology and histological parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) larvae. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 165:259-265. [PMID: 26141584 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Effects of low (1, 2.5 and 5Gy) and high doses (10, 20 and 40Gy) of gamma radiation were examined on the growth, survival, blood parameters and morphological changes of the intestines of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) larvae (103±20mg) after 12 weeks of exposure. Negative effects of gamma radiation on growth and survival were observed as radiation level and time increased. Changes were well documented at 10 and 20Gy. All the fish were dead at the dose of 40Gy. In all the treatments, levels of red blood cells (RBC), hematocrit (HCT) and hemoglobin (HB) were significantly (P<0.05) declined as the irradiation levels increased, whereas the amount of mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) did not change. No significant differences (P>0.05) were found in the levels of white blood cells (WBC), lymphocytes and monocytes. Destruction of the intestinal epithelium cells was indicated as the irradiation levels increased to 1Gy and above. The highest levels of growth, survival, specific growth rate (SGR), condition factor (CF) and protein efficiency rate (PER) were obtained in the control treatment. The results showed that gamma rays can be a potential means for damaging rainbow trout cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Oujifard
- Fisheries Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Persian Gulf University, Borazjan, Bushehr, Iran.
| | - Roghayeh Amiri
- Department of Veterinary, Agricultural Medical and Industrial Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, AEOI, Karaj, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Shahhosseini
- Fisheries Department, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, TarbiatModares University, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Reza Davoodi
- Fisheries Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Persian Gulf University, Borazjan, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Jamshid Amiri Moghaddam
- Fisheries Department, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, TarbiatModares University, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran
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Bonaventura R, Russo R, Zito F, Matranga V. Combined Effects of Cadmium and UVB Radiation on Sea Urchin Embryos: Skeleton Impairment Parallels p38 MAPK Activation and Stress Genes Overexpression. Chem Res Toxicol 2015; 28:1060-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Bonaventura
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto
di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare “Alberto Monroy”, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberta Russo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto
di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare “Alberto Monroy”, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesca Zito
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto
di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare “Alberto Monroy”, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Valeria Matranga
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto
di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare “Alberto Monroy”, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
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Wang B, Ji K, Wang Y, Li Y, Tang Y, Gu J, Cai L. Exposure to low dose cadmium enhances FL83B cells proliferation through down-regulation of caspase-8 by DNA hypermethylation. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tx00107a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is classified as a human carcinogen probably associated with epigenetic change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Pathology
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities (Inner Mongolia Forestry General Hospital)
- Hulun Buir
- China
- Molecular Pathological Research Institute of Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities
| | - Kun Ji
- Department of Pathophysiology
- Shenyang Medical College
- Shenyang
- China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology
- Norman Bethune College of Medicine
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Pathophysiology
- Norman Bethune College of Medicine
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
| | - Yufeng Tang
- Department of Orthopedic trauma
- Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- China
| | - Junlian Gu
- Department of Pathology
- Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- China
| | - Lu Cai
- Departments of Pediatrics
- Radiation Oncology and Pharmacology & Toxicology
- University of Louisville
- Louisville
- USA
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Zhang B, Liu B, Zhang H, Wang J. Erythrocyte stiffness during morphological remodeling induced by carbon ion radiation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112624. [PMID: 25401336 PMCID: PMC4234377 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The adverse effect induced by carbon ion radiation (CIR) is still an unavoidable hazard to the treatment object. Thus, evaluation of its adverse effects on the body is a critical problem with respect to radiation therapy. We aimed to investigate the change between the configuration and mechanical properties of erythrocytes induced by radiation and found differences in both the configuration and the mechanical properties with involving in morphological remodeling process. Syrian hamsters were subjected to whole-body irradiation with carbon ion beams (1, 2, 4, and 6 Gy) or X-rays (2, 4, 6, and 12 Gy) for 3, 14 and 28 days. Erythrocytes in peripheral blood and bone marrow were collected for cytomorphological analysis. The mechanical properties of the erythrocytes were determined using atomic force microscopy, and the expression of the cytoskeletal protein spectrin-α1 was analyzed via western blotting. The results showed that dynamic changes were evident in erythrocytes exposed to different doses of carbon ion beams compared with X-rays and the control (0 Gy). The magnitude of impairment of the cell number and cellular morphology manifested the subtle variation according to the irradiation dose. In particular, the differences in the size, shape and mechanical properties of the erythrocytes were well exhibited. Furthermore, immunoblot data showed that the expression of the cytoskeletal protein spectrin-α1 was changed after irradiation, and there was a common pattern among its substantive characteristics in the irradiated group. Based on these findings, the present study concluded that CIR could induce a change in mechanical properties during morphological remodeling of erythrocytes. According to the unique characteristics of the biomechanical categories, we deduce that changes in cytomorphology and mechanical properties can be measured to evaluate the adverse effects generated by tumor radiotherapy. Additionally, for the first time, the current study provides a new strategy for enhancing the assessment of the curative effects and safety of clinical radiotherapy, as well as reducing adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoping Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Disaster and Environment in Western China, The Ministry of Education of China, Lanzhou University, 730000, PR China
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Bin Liu
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
- Department of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Jizeng Wang
- School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Disaster and Environment in Western China, The Ministry of Education of China, Lanzhou University, 730000, PR China
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
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Oliveira H, Monteiro C, Pinho F, Pinho S, Ferreira de Oliveira JMP, Santos C. Cadmium-induced genotoxicity in human osteoblast-like cells. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2014; 775-776:38-47. [PMID: 25435354 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a widespread heavy metal used in numerous industrial processes. Cd exerts toxicological effects mostly in kidney and liver. Bone is also an important target of Cd, however, the cellular mechanisms of Cd toxicological effects in the bone cells are still poorly understood. Therefore, the present work aimed to investigate the putative cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of Cd to human bone cells. For that, the osteoblast-like MG-63 cells were exposed to 20 and 50μM Cd for 24 and 48h. Results showed a dose-dependent increase in Cd accumulation in cells and a decrease in cell viability, especially after 48h. Cell cycle analysis showed a delay at S phase concomitant with a decrease in cells at G0/G1 phase. After 24h, Cd treatment downregulated the expression of CHEK1, CHEK2 and CDK2 genes and upregulated the expression of CCNE1 gene. After 48h, the expression of ATM and CCNB1 genes were downregulated. Also, a 3.3 fold increase on the expression of gene CCNE1 was detected. Both Cd doses induced DNA fragmentation at 48h, while an increase in micronuclei (MN) and nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs) together with an increase in the percentage of apoptotic/necrotic cells was detected for both time periods. Overall, our results demonstrate the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of Cd in human bone cells. Also, the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay parameters (MN, NPBs and the percentage of cells under apoptosis or necrosis) together with the cell cycle appear as the most sensitive to Cd cyto- and genotoxicity, being early affected even with the lowest Cd dose. Therefore, these cyto-/genotoxic techniques may be selected for early detection of Cd-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Oliveira
- CESAM & Laboratory of Biotechnology and Cytomics, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Cristina Monteiro
- CESAM & Laboratory of Biotechnology and Cytomics, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Francisco Pinho
- CESAM & Laboratory of Biotechnology and Cytomics, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sónia Pinho
- CESAM & Laboratory of Biotechnology and Cytomics, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - José Miguel P Ferreira de Oliveira
- CESAM & Laboratory of Biotechnology and Cytomics, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Conceição Santos
- CESAM & Laboratory of Biotechnology and Cytomics, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Yuan D, Ye S, Pan Y, Bao Y, Chen H, Shao C. Long-term cadmium exposure leads to the enhancement of lymphocyte proliferation via down-regulating p16 by DNA hypermethylation. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2013; 757:125-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2013.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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12
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Lourenço J, Pereira R, Pinto F, Caetano T, Silva A, Carvalheiro T, Guimarães A, Gonçalves F, Paiva A, Mendo S. Biomonitoring a human population inhabiting nearby a deactivated uranium mine. Toxicology 2013; 305:89-98. [PMID: 23370006 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2013.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Environmental exposure to uranium and its daughter radionuclides, has been linked to several negative effects such as those related with important physiological processes, like hematopoiesis, and may also be associated with genotoxicity effects. Herein, genotoxic effects, immunotoxicity, trace elements and C reactive protein (CRP) analyses, were performed in peripheral blood samples collected from individuals of a population living near a deactivated uranium mine. C reactive protein analysis was performed to exclude candidates with active inflammatory processes from further evaluations. DNA damage and immunotoxicity (immunophenotyping and immune cell counts) were evaluated by comet assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Significant DNA damage was observed in the peripheral blood samples from volunteers living in the Cunha Baixa village. A significant decrease of NK and T lymphocytes counts were observed in the individuals from the Cunha Baixa village, when compared with individuals from the reference site. Uranium and manganese levels were significantly higher in the Cunha Baixa village inhabitants. On the other hand, zinc levels were significantly lower in those individuals when compared with the volunteers from the control village. Results suggest that inhabitants from Cunha Baixa have a higher risk of suffering from serious diseases such as cancer, since high DNA damages were observed in peripheral blood leukocytes and also decreased levels of NK and T cells, which play an essential role in the defense against tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lourenço
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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