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Paul S, Singh BK, Singha ER, Buragohain D, Das I, Patar A, Giri S, Giri A. A comparative account of phototoxicity of anthracene and pyrene in the tadpoles of the anuran amphibian Fejervarya limnocharis using multiple toxicological end points. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024:10.1007/s10646-024-02774-8. [PMID: 38981940 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-024-02774-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Anthracene (Anth) and pyrene (Pyr), two of the priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), being lipophilic in nature, not only accumulate in animals, but also settle in the sediment of water bodies leading to continuous exposure for animals. Anth and Pyr when exposed to sunlight can be photoactivated and have harmful effects on aquatic organisms. A comparative analysis was carried out to assess the acute, sub-chronic, genetic and biochemical toxicity of Anth and Pyr in F. limnocharis tadpoles following short exposures to sunlight on a daily basis. In the bioaccumulation studies, it was found that both Anth and Pyr accumulated in the tadpole tissues in a concentration and time dependent manner. The LC50 values for Anth (under 15 min of daily sunlight exposure) were found to be 2.87, 2.59, 2.28, 1.80 mg/L at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h of the exposures. The corresponding LC50 values for Pyr were 1.03, 0.80, 0.62, 0.42 mg/L. Sublethal exposure of Anth and Pyr affected the survivality, time to metamorphosis as well as morphometric parameters under sunlight exposure. In the genotoxicity assessment studies, particularly the micronucleus test and comet assay, it was found that Pyr led to a higher incidence of micronucleus formation and DNA damage in comparison to Anth. The exposure to PAHs resulted in significant changes in the activity of antioxidant-mediated protective response, specifically the SOD activity, which varied between the groups treated with Anth and Pyr. On the other hand, Pyr treated group showed a higher level of GSH as compared to Anth treated groups. Moreover, the elevation in MDA level in the Anth and Pyr treated groups suggests an increase in lipid peroxidation. Future research should focus on understanding the ecotoxicological risk faced by anuran amphibia due to PAHs that frequently occur in aquatic environments and developing strategies to mitigate these risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagorika Paul
- Environment and Human Toxicology Laboratory, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - Bishal Kumar Singh
- Environment and Human Toxicology Laboratory, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - Erom Romi Singha
- Environment and Human Toxicology Laboratory, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | | | - Indranil Das
- Environment and Human Toxicology Laboratory, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - Arabinda Patar
- Environment and Human Toxicology Laboratory, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - Sarbani Giri
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Life Science & Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - Anirudha Giri
- Environment and Human Toxicology Laboratory, Assam University, Silchar, India.
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2
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Dalberto D, Garcia ALH, De Souza MR, Picinini J, Soares S, De Souza GMS, Chytry P, Dias JF, Salvador M, Da Silva FR, Da Silva J. Dry tobacco leaves: an in vivo and in silico approach to the consequences of occupational exposure. Mutagenesis 2023; 38:120-130. [PMID: 36738258 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gead003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure of tobacco workers handling dried tobacco leaves has been linked to an increased risk of toxicity and respiratory illness due to the presence of nicotine and other chemicals. This study aimed to evaluate the DNA damage caused by the exposure of tobacco growers during the dry leaf classification process and the relation to cellular mechanisms. A total of 86 individuals participated in the study, divided into a group exposed to dry tobacco (n = 44) and a control group (n = 42). Genotoxicity was evaluated using the alkaline comet assay and lymphocyte micronucleus (MN) assay (CBMN-Cyt), and measurement of telomere length. The levels of oxidative and nitrosative stress were evaluated through the formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive species, and nitric oxide levels, respectively. The inorganic elements were measured in the samples using particle-induced X-ray emission method. The combination of variables was demonstrated through principal component analysis and the interactions were expanded through systems biology. Comet assay, MN, death cells, thiobarbituric acid reactive species, and nitrosative stress showed a significant increase for all exposed groups in relation to the control. Telomere length showed a significant decrease for exposed women and total exposed group in relation to men and control groups, respectively. Bromine (Br) and rubidium (Rb) in the exposed group presented higher levels than control groups. Correlations between nitrate and apoptosis; Br and MN and necrosis; and Rb and telomeres; besides age and DNA damage and death cells were observed. The systems biology analysis demonstrated that tobacco elements can increase the nuclear translocation of NFKB dimers inducing HDAC2 expression, which, associated with BRCA1 protein, can potentially repress transcription of genes that promote DNA repair. Dry tobacco workers exposed to dry leaves and their different agents showed DNA damage by different mechanisms, including redox imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiana Dalberto
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, PPGBioSaúde, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana L H Garcia
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, PPGBioSaúde, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil.,Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, PPGSDH, La Salle University (UniLaSalle), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Melissa R De Souza
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, PPGBioSaúde, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana Picinini
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, PPGBioSaúde, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Solange Soares
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, PPGBioSaúde, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Guilherme M S De Souza
- Ion Implantation Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Paola Chytry
- Ion Implantation Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Johnny F Dias
- Ion Implantation Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mirian Salvador
- Biotechnology Institute, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul (UCS), RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda R Da Silva
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, PPGSDH, La Salle University (UniLaSalle), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana Da Silva
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, PPGBioSaúde, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil.,Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, PPGSDH, La Salle University (UniLaSalle), Canoas, RS, Brazil
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3
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Comparative evaluation of chemical composition, antioxidant capacity, and some contaminants in six Moroccan medicinal and Aromatic. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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4
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Dalberto D, Nicolau CC, Rosa De Sousa M, Garcia ALH, Boaretto F, Picada JN, De Souza GMS, Chytry P, Dias JF, Feistel CC, Ferraz ABF, Grivicich I, Da Silva J. Genotoxic effect induced by dried nicotiana tabacum leaves from tobacco barns (kiln-houses) in chinese hamster lung fibroblast cells (V79). JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2021; 84:689-701. [PMID: 34034641 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2021.1930619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nicotiana tabacum is the most cultivated tobacco species in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Workers who handle the plant are exposed to the leaf components during the harvesting process and when separating and classifying the dried leaves. In addition to nicotine, after the drying process, other components may be found including tobacco-specific nitrosamines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, as well as pesticides residues. The objective of this study was to examine the genotoxicity attributed to the aqueous extract of dried tobacco leaves obtained from tobacco barns using Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cells (V79) as a model system by employing alkaline comet assay, micronucleus (MN) and Ames test. MTT assay was used to assess cytotoxicity and establish concentrations for this study. Data demonstrated cell viability > 85% for concentrations of 0.625-5 mg/ml while the comet assay indicated a significant increase in DNA damage at all concentrations tested. A significant elevation of MN and nuclear buds (NBUD) was found for 5 mg/ml compared to control and other dry tobacco leaves concentrations (0.625-2.5 mg/ml). Mutagenicity was not found using the Salmonella/Microsome test (TA98, TA100, and TA102 strains) with and without metabolic activation. The concentration of inorganic elements was determined employing the PIXE technique, and 13 inorganic elements were detected. Using CG/MS nicotine amounts present were 1.56 mg/g dry tobacco leaf powder. Due to the observed genotoxicity in V79 cells, more investigations are needed to protect the health of tobacco workers exposed daily to this complex mixture of toxic substances present in dry tobacco leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiana Dalberto
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Postgraduate Program in Molecular and Cell Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Caroline Cardoso Nicolau
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Postgraduate Program in Molecular and Cell Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Melissa Rosa De Sousa
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Postgraduate Program in Molecular and Cell Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Letícia Hilário Garcia
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Postgraduate Program in Molecular and Cell Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Boaretto
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Postgraduate Program in Molecular and Cell Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Nascimento Picada
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Postgraduate Program in Molecular and Cell Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Paola Chytry
- Ion Implantation Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Johnny Ferraz Dias
- Ion Implantation Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cleverson Costa Feistel
- Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry Laboratory. Postgraduate Program in Molecular and Cell Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Barros Falcão Ferraz
- Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry Laboratory. Postgraduate Program in Molecular and Cell Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Ivana Grivicich
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology. Postgraduate Program in Molecular and Cell Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana Da Silva
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Postgraduate Program in Molecular and Cell Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
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Alves J, Da Silva FR, Kahl V, Reyes J, Lima E, Abreu MB, Thiesen FV, Dos Santos DL, Salvador M, Dos Santos Branco C, Nersesyan A, Knasmuller S, Da Silva J. Impact of nicotine-induced green tobacco sickness on DNA damage and the relation with symptoms and alterations of redox status in tobacco farmers. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 206:111397. [PMID: 33007538 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
During the harvest period, tobacco workers are exposed to nicotine and it is known that absorption of the alkaloid via the leaves causes green tobacco sickness (GST). We investigated if GST and its symptoms are associated with DNA damage and alterations of the redox status. DNA damage was measured in lymphocytes of tobacco workers and controls (n = 40/group) in single cell gel electrophoresis assays. Exposure to nicotine was determined by plasma cotinine measurements, alterations of the redox status by quantification of the total antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). The symptoms of GTS included nausea, abdominal cramps, headache, vomiting and dizziness, and 50% of the workers had more than one symptom. Cotinine levels were enhanced in the workers (111 ng/mL); furthermore, the extent of DNA damage was ca. 3-fold higher than in the controls. This effect was more pronounced in participants with GST compared to healthy nicotine exposed workers and increased in individuals with specific symptoms (range 22-36%). TBARS levels did not differ between workers and unexposed controls, while TEAC values were even increased (by 14.3%). Contact with nicotine present in tobacco leaves causes GTS and leads to damage of the DNA; this effect is more pronounced in workers with GTS symptoms and is associated with alterations of the redox status. Damage of the genetic material which was found in the workers may lead to adverse long-term effects that are caused by genomic instability such as cancer and accelerated ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodel Alves
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, PPGBioSaúde, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda R Da Silva
- Posgraduate Program in Evaluation of Environmental Impacts, La Salle University (UniLaSalle), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Vivian Kahl
- Telomere Length Regulation Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute (CMRI), Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Juliana Reyes
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, PPGBioSaúde, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Elisiane Lima
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, PPGBioSaúde, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Marina B Abreu
- Toxicology Institute, Catholic Pontificie University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUC), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Flávia V Thiesen
- Toxicology Institute, Catholic Pontificie University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUC), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Denise Leal Dos Santos
- Toxicology Institute, Catholic Pontificie University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUC), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mirian Salvador
- Biotechnology Institute, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul (UCS), RS, Brazil; Mestrado em Avaliação de Impactos Ambientais, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Cátia Dos Santos Branco
- Biotechnology Institute, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul (UCS), RS, Brazil; Mestrado em Avaliação de Impactos Ambientais, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Armen Nersesyan
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Siegfried Knasmuller
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Juliana Da Silva
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, PPGBioSaúde, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil; Posgraduate Program in Health and Human Development, La Salle University (UniLaSalle), Canoas, RS, Brazil.
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6
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Dalberto D, Nicolau CC, Garcia ALH, Nordin AP, Grivicich I, Silva JD. Cytotoxic and genotoxic evaluation of cotinine using human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y). Genet Mol Biol 2020; 43:e20190123. [PMID: 32478795 PMCID: PMC7271658 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2019-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cotinine is the main metabolite of nicotine, which is metabolized in the liver
through a cytochrome P450 enzyme. Different studies point to genetic instability
caused by nicotine, such as single and double DNA strand breaks and micronuclei
formation, but little is known about the effect of cotinine. Therefore, the
present in vitro study assessed the effects of cotinine on cell
viability and DNA damage in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, as well as genotoxicity
related to oxidative stress mechanisms. Comparisons with nicotine were also
performed. An alkaline comet assay modified by repair endonucleases (FPG, OGG1,
and Endo III) was used to detect oxidized nucleobases. SH-SY5Y neuronal cells
were cultured under standard conditions and exposed for 3 h to different
concentrations of cotinine and nicotine. Cytotoxicity was observed at higher
doses of cotinine and nicotine in the MTT assay. In the trypan blue assay, cells
showed viability above 80% for both compounds. Alkaline comet assay results
demonstrated a significant increase in damage index and frequency for cells
treated with cotinine and nicotine, presenting genotoxicity. The results of the
enzyme-modified comet assay suggest a DNA oxidative damage induced by nicotine.
Unlike other studies, our results demonstrated genotoxicity induced by both
cotinine and nicotine. The similar effects observed for these two pyridine
alkaloids may be due to the similarity of their structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiana Dalberto
- Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde - PPGBioSaúde, Laboratório de Toxicologia Genética, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Caroline Cardoso Nicolau
- Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde - PPGBioSaúde, Laboratório de Toxicologia Genética, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Leticia Hilario Garcia
- Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde - PPGBioSaúde, Laboratório de Toxicologia Genética, Canoas, RS, Brazil.,Universidade Feevale, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Qualidade Ambiental, Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
| | - Adriane Perachi Nordin
- Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde - PPGBioSaúde, Laboratório de Toxicologia Genética, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Ivana Grivicich
- Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde - PPGBioSaúde, , Laboratório de Biologia de Cancer, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana da Silva
- Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde - PPGBioSaúde, Laboratório de Toxicologia Genética, Canoas, RS, Brazil.,Universidade La Salle, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Canoas, RS, Brazil
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Smart DJ, Helbling FR, Verardo M, McHugh D, Vanscheeuwijck P. Mode-of-action analysis of the effects induced by nicotine in the in vitro micronucleus assay. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2019; 60:778-791. [PMID: 31294873 PMCID: PMC6900147 DOI: 10.1002/em.22314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine's genotoxic potential has been extensively studied in vitro. While the results of mammalian cell-based studies have inferred that it can potentially damage chromosomes, in general and with few exceptions, adverse DNA effects have been observed primarily at supraphysiological concentrations in nonregulatory assays that provide little information on its mode-of-action (MoA). In this study, a modern-day regulatory genotoxicity assessment was conducted using a flow cytometry-based in vitro micronucleus (MN) assay, Good Laboratory Practice study conditions, Chinese hamster ovary cells of known provenance, and acceptance/evaluation criteria from the current OECD Test Guideline 487. Nicotine concentrations up to 3.95 mM had no effect on background levels of DNA damage; however, concentrations above the point-of-departure range of 3.94-4.54 mM induced increases in MN and hypodiploid nuclei, indicating a possible aneugenicity hazard. Follow-up experiments designed to elucidate nicotine's MoA revealed cellular vacuolization, accompanying distortions in microtubules, inhibition of tubulin polymerization, centromere-positive DNA, and multinucleate cells at MN-inducing concentrations. Vacuoles likely originated from acidic cellular compartments (e.g., lysosomes). Remarkably, genotoxicity was suppressed by chemicals that raised the luminal pH of these organelles. Other endpoints (e.g., changes in phosphorylated histones) measured in the study cast doubt on the biological relevance of this apparent genotoxicity. In addition, three major nicotine metabolites, including cotinine, had no MN effects but nornicotine induced a nicotine-like profile. It is possible that nicotine's lysosomotropic properties drive the genotoxicity observed in vitro; however, the potency and mechanistic insights revealed here indicate that it is likely of minimal physiological relevance for nicotine consumers. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 2019. © 2019 The Authors. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Environmental Mutagen Society.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Damian McHugh
- PMI R&DPhilip Morris Products S.A.NeuchâtelSwitzerland
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8
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Becker MM, Mandaji CM, Catanante G, Marty JL, Nunes GS. Mineral and bromatological assessment and determination of the antioxidant capacity and bioactive compounds in native Amazon fruits. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF FOOD TECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1981-6723.02218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Abstract The proximate compositions, mineral contents, antioxidant capacity and bioactive compounds of 7 native Amazon fruits were chemically evaluated. The majority of the fruits showed high moisture contents (> 63.02%), and ash, total crude protein and total carbohydrate contents in the ranges of 0.22–2.07%, 0.17–2.44% and 7.17–41.71%, respectively. High levels of total lipids were found in uxi (23.25%) and monguba (18.67%). A wide range of mineral contents was detected and the highest levels were found in the samples of monguba seeds (Ca, Cu, Mg, and Zn), uxi pulp (Fe, and Mn) and pajurá pulp (Na). All the fruits showed antioxidant capacity, but the pajurá revealed the highest potential, statistically similar to that of acerola (p < 0.05). The highest vitamin C contents were found in bacuri and cupuaçu and the highest phenolic compound contents in monguba and pajurá fruits, but flavonoids were only detected in pajurá. A statistical correlation between the Na content and antioxidant capacity was also observed. Based on the results obtained, the fruits analyzed are suitable for use in the human diet, in the food and cosmetics industries as well as in pharmaceutical compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Márcia Becker
- Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Brasil; Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, France
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Pandey N, Giri S. Melatonin attenuates radiofrequency radiation (900 MHz)-induced oxidative stress, DNA damage and cell cycle arrest in germ cells of male Swiss albino mice. Toxicol Ind Health 2018; 34:315-327. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233718758092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Increasing male infertility of unknown aetiology can be associated with environmental factors. Extensive use of mobile phones has exposed the general population to unprecedented levels of radiofrequency radiations (RFRs) that may adversely affect male reproductive health. Therefore, the present study investigated the effect of RFR Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) type, 900 MHz and melatonin supplementation on germ cell development during spermatogenesis. Swiss albino mice were divided into four groups. One group received RFR exposure for 3 h twice/day for 35 days and the other group received the same exposure but with melatonin ( N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) (MEL; 5 mg/kg bw/day). Two other groups received only MEL or remain unexposed. Sperm head abnormality, total sperm count, biochemical assay for lipid peroxides, reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase activity and testis histology were evaluated. Additionally, flow cytometric evaluation of germ cell subtypes and comet assay were performed in testis. Extensive DNA damage in germ cells of RFR-exposed animals along with arrest in pre-meiotic stages of spermatogenesis eventually leading to low sperm count and sperm head abnormalities were observed. Furthermore, biochemical assays revealed excess free radical generation resulting in histological and morphological changes in testis and germ cells morphology, respectively. However, these effects were either diminished or absent in RFR-exposed animals supplemented with melatonin. Hence, it can be concluded that melatonin inhibits pre-meiotic spermatogenesis arrest in male germ cells through its anti-oxidative potential and ability to improve DNA reparative pathways, leading to normal sperm count and sperm morphology in RFR-exposed animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Pandey
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Sarbani Giri
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
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10
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Dupont P, Benyamina A, Aubin HJ. Sécurité d’emploi de la nicotine au long cours : le débat n’est pas clos. Rev Mal Respir 2016; 33:892-898. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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11
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Horta RN, Kahl VFS, Sarmento MDS, Nunes MFS, Porto CRM, Andrade VMD, Ferraz ADBF, Silva JD. Protective effects of acerola juice on genotoxicity induced by iron in vivo. Genet Mol Biol 2016; 39:122-8. [PMID: 27007905 PMCID: PMC4807388 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2015-0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal ions such as iron can induce DNA damage by inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress. Vitamin C is one of the most widely consumed antioxidants worldwide, present in many fruits and vegetables, especially inMalpighia glabra L., popularly known as acerola, native to Brazil. Acerola is considered a functional fruit due to its high antioxidant properties and phenolic contents, and therefore is consumed to prevent diseases or as adjuvant in treatment strategies. Here, the influence of ripe and unripe acerola juices on iron genotoxicity was analyzed in vivo using the comet assay and micronucleus test. The comet assay results showed that acerola juice exerted no genotoxic or antigenotoxic activity. Neither ripe nor unripe acerola juices were mutagenic to animals treated with juices, in micronucleus test. However, when compared to iron group, the pre-treatment with acerola juices exerted antimutagenic activity, decreasing significantly micronucleus mean values in bone marrow. Stage of ripeness did not influence the interaction of acerola compounds with DNA, and both ripe and unripe acerola juices exerted protective effect over DNA damage generated by iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Nunes Horta
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Região da Campanha, Bagé, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Vanessa Moraes de Andrade
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Unidade de Ciências de Saúde, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana Da Silva
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, RS, Brazil
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Kahl VFS, Simon D, Salvador M, Branco CDS, Dias JF, da Silva FR, de Souza CT, da Silva J. Telomere measurement in individuals occupationally exposed to pesticide mixtures in tobacco fields. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2016; 57:74-84. [PMID: 26426910 DOI: 10.1002/em.21984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Occupational exposure to pesticides in tobacco fields causes genetic damage in farmers. The aim of this study was to analyze tobacco farmers chronically exposed to low doses of pesticides and nicotine (present in the tobacco leaves) in relation to absolute telomere length (aTL), and explore the influence of lifestyle characteristics, oxidative stress, and inorganic element levels. DNA was isolated from peripheral blood samples from agricultural workers and non-exposed individuals, and aTL was measured by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis. Oxidative stress (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances [TBARS], which measures oxidative damage to lipids; and toxic equivalent antioxidant capacity [TEAC], which measures total equivalent antioxidant capacity) was evaluated in serum, and inorganic element content was analyzed in whole blood through particle-induced X-ray emission technique. It was found that exposure to pesticides and tobacco smoking had significant effects on aTL. Individuals occupationally exposed to complex mixtures of pesticides in tobacco fields and individuals who smoked had decreased aTL compared with the non-exposed group. TBARS and TEAC were significantly elevated in the exposed group. There were no significant differences in inorganic elements. There was no evidence of an influence of age, gender, consumption of alcoholic beverages, or intake of fruits and vegetables on aTL within the groups. In addition, years of work in the tobacco field in the exposed group did not influence any of the variables analyzed. Although further studies were needed, these results suggested differences in telomere maintenance in tobacco farmers compared with the control group, indicating that telomere length may be a good biomarker of occupational exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vívian Francília Silva Kahl
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology Postgraduate Program in Molecular and Cell Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil, Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Daniel Simon
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics Postgraduate Program in Molecular and Cell Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil, Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mirian Salvador
- Biotechnology Institute, University of Caxias Do Sul, Caxias Do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cátia dos Santos Branco
- Biotechnology Institute, University of Caxias Do Sul, Caxias Do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Johnny Ferraz Dias
- Ion Implantation Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Claudia Telles de Souza
- Ion Implantation Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Juliana da Silva
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology Postgraduate Program in Molecular and Cell Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil, Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Hanusch AL, de Oliveira GR, de Sabóia-Morais SMT, Machado RC, dos Anjos MM, Chen Chen L. Genotoxicity and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of the Neolignan Analogue 2-(4-Nitrophenoxy)-1Phenylethanone and its Protective Effect Against DNA Damage. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142284. [PMID: 26554835 PMCID: PMC4640812 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neolignans are secondary metabolites found in various groups of Angiosperms. They belong to a class of natural compounds with great diversity of chemical structures and pharmacological activities. These compounds are formed by linking two phenylpropanoid units. Several compounds that have ability to prevent genetic damage have been isolated from plants, and can be used to prevent or delay the development of tumor cells. Genetic toxicology evaluation is widely used in risk assessment of new drugs in preclinical screening tests. In this study, we evaluated the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of the neolignan analogue 2-(4-nitrophenoxy)-1-phenylethanone (4NF) and its protective effect against DNA damage using the mouse bone marrow micronucleus test and the comet assay in mouse peripheral blood. Our results showed that this neolignan analogue had no genotoxic activity and was able to reduce induced damage both in mouse bone marrow and peripheral blood. Although the neolignan analogue 4NF was cytotoxic, it reduced cyclophosphamide-induced cytotoxicity. In conclusion, it showed no genotoxic action, but exhibited cytotoxic, antigenotoxic, and anticytotoxic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Lucas Hanusch
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | | | | | - Rafael Cosme Machado
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | - Lee Chen Chen
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
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Singh S, Giri A, Giri S. The antimalarial agent artesunate causes sperm DNA damage and hepatic antioxidant defense in mice. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2015; 777:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Boyacioglu M, Sekkin S, Kum C, Korkmaz D, Kiral F, Yalinkilinc HS, Ak MO, Akar F. The protective effects of vitamin C on the DNA damage, antioxidant defenses and aorta histopathology in chronic hyperhomocysteinemia induced rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 66:407-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Smith MA, Zhang Y, Polli JR, Wu H, Zhang B, Xiao P, Farwell MA, Pan X. Impacts of chronic low-level nicotine exposure on Caenorhabditis elegans reproduction: identification of novel gene targets. Reprod Toxicol 2013; 40:69-75. [PMID: 23735997 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2013.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Effects and mechanisms of chronic exposure to low levels of nicotine is an area fundamentally important however less investigated. We employed the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans to investigate potential impacts of chronic (24h) and low nicotine exposure (6.17-194.5 μM) on stimulus-response, reproduction, and gene expressions. Nicotine significantly affects the organism's response to touch stimulus (p=0.031), which follows a dose-dependent pattern. Chronic nicotine exposure promotes early egg-laying events and slightly increased egg productions during the first 72 h of adulthood. The expressions of 10 (egl-10, egl-44, hlh-14, ric-3, unc-103, unc-50, unc-68, sod-1, oxi-1, and old-1) out of 18 selected genes were affected significantly. Other tested genes were cat-4, egl-19, egl-47, egl-5, lin-39, unc-43, pink-1, and age-1. Changes in gene expression were more evident at low dosages than at relatively high levels. Genes implicated in reproduction, cholinergic signaling, and stress response were regulated by nicotine, suggesting widespread physiological impacts of nicotine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Smith
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
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Ginzkey C, Friehs G, Koehler C, Hackenberg S, Hagen R, Kleinsasser NH. Assessment of nicotine-induced DNA damage in a genotoxicological test battery. Mutat Res 2012. [PMID: 23200805 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2012.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The role of the tobacco-alkaloid nicotine in tumour biology is widely discussed in the literature. Due to a strong capacity to induce angiogenesis, a pro-mutagenic potential in non-tumour and cancer cells, and a pro- and anti-apoptotic influence, nicotine seems to promote the growth of established tumours. However, results indicating DNA damage and genetic instability associated with nicotine have been contradictory thus far. A variety of markers and endpoints of genotoxicity are required to characterize the genotoxic potential of nicotine. Induction of DNA single- and double-strand breaks, the formation of micronuclei, and the induction of sister chromatid exchange and chromosome aberrations represent possible genotoxicological endpoints at different cellular levels. Human lymphocytes were exposed to nicotine concentrations between 1μM and 1mM for 24h in vitro. The comet assay, the cytokinesis-block micronucleus test, the chromosome aberration (CA) test, and the sister chromatid exchange (SCE) test were then applied. Viability and apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry in combination with the annexin V-propidium iodide staining test. In this test setting, no enhanced DNA migration was measured by the comet assay. An increase in the micronucleus frequency was detected at a concentration of 100μM nicotine without affecting the frequency of apoptotic cells. A distinct genotoxic effect was determined by the CA test and the SCE test, with a significant increase in CA and SCE at a concentration of 1μM. In the annexin V test, nicotine did not influence the proportion of apoptotic or necrotic cells. The current data indicating the induction of CA by nicotine underscore the necessity of ongoing investigations on the potential of nicotine to initiate mutagenesis and tumour promotion. Taking into account the physiological nicotine plasma levels in smokers or in nicotine-replacement therapy, particularly the long-term use of nicotine should be critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ginzkey
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Germany.
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Mrđanović J, Jungić S, Šolajić S, Bogdanović V, Jurišić V. Effects of orally administered antioxidants on micronuclei and sister chromatid exchange frequency in workers professionally exposed to antineoplastic agents. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:2937-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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