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Khazaei Monfared Y, Heidari P, Klempner SJ, Mahmood U, Parikh AR, Hong TS, Strickland MR, Esfahani SA. DNA Damage by Radiopharmaceuticals and Mechanisms of Cellular Repair. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2761. [PMID: 38140100 PMCID: PMC10748326 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA is an organic molecule that is highly vulnerable to chemical alterations and breaks caused by both internal and external factors. Cells possess complex and advanced mechanisms, including DNA repair, damage tolerance, cell cycle checkpoints, and cell death pathways, which together minimize the potentially harmful effects of DNA damage. However, in cancer cells, the normal DNA damage tolerance and response processes are disrupted or deregulated. This results in increased mutagenesis and genomic instability within the cancer cells, a known driver of cancer progression and therapeutic resistance. On the other hand, the inherent instability of the genome in rapidly dividing cancer cells can be exploited as a tool to kill by imposing DNA damage with radiopharmaceuticals. As the field of targeted radiopharmaceutical therapy (RPT) is rapidly growing in oncology, it is crucial to have a deep understanding of the impact of systemic radiation delivery by radiopharmaceuticals on the DNA of tumors and healthy tissues. The distribution and activation of DNA damage and repair pathways caused by RPT can be different based on the characteristics of the radioisotope and molecular target. Here we provide a comprehensive discussion of the biological effects of RPTs, with the main focus on the role of varying radioisotopes in inducing direct and indirect DNA damage and activating DNA repair pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Khazaei Monfared
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (Y.K.M.); (P.H.); (U.M.)
| | - Pedram Heidari
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (Y.K.M.); (P.H.); (U.M.)
| | - Samuel J. Klempner
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mass General Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (S.J.K.); (A.R.P.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Umar Mahmood
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (Y.K.M.); (P.H.); (U.M.)
| | - Aparna R. Parikh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mass General Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (S.J.K.); (A.R.P.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Theodore S. Hong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
| | - Matthew R. Strickland
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mass General Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (S.J.K.); (A.R.P.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Shadi A. Esfahani
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (Y.K.M.); (P.H.); (U.M.)
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Chan CC, Hsiao YY. The Effects of Dimethylsulfoxide and Oxygen on DNA Damage Induction and Repair Outcomes for Cells Irradiated by 62 MeV Proton and 3.31 MeV Helium Ions. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11040286. [PMID: 33917956 PMCID: PMC8068342 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11040286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an essential role in radiation-induced indirect actions. In terms of DNA damage, double strand breaks (DSBs) have the greatest effects on the repair of DNA damage, cell survival and transformation. This study evaluated the biological effects of the presence of ROS and oxygen on DSB induction and mutation frequency. The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) and oxygen enhancement ratio (OER) of 62 MeV therapeutic proton beams and 3.31 MeV helium ions were calculated using Monte Carlo damage simulation (MCDS) software. Monte Carlo excision repair (MCER) simulations were used to calculate the repair outcomes (mutation frequency). The RBE values of proton beams decreased to 0.75 in the presence of 0.4 M dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and then increases to 0.9 in the presence of 2 M DMSO while the RBE values of 3.31 MeV helium ions increased from 2.9 to 5.7 (0–2 M). The mutation frequency of proton beams also decreased from 0.008–0.065 to 0.004–0.034 per cell per Gy by the addition of 2 M DMSO, indicating that ROS affects both DSB induction and repair outcomes. These results show that the combined use of DMSO in normal tissues and an increased dose in tumor regions increases treatment efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chieh Chan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan;
| | - Ya-Yun Hsiao
- Department of Radiology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-24730022 (ext. 12010)
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3
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Luo WR, Chen FH, Huang RJ, Chen YP, Hsiao YY. Effects of indirect actions and oxygen on relative biological effectiveness: estimate of DSB inductions and conversions induced by therapeutic proton beams. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 96:187-196. [PMID: 31682784 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1688883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: This study evaluated the DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) induced by indirect actions and its misrepairs to estimate the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of proton beams.Materials and methods: From experimental data, DSB induction was evaluated in cells irradiated by 62 MeV proton beams in the presence of dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) and under hypoxic conditions. The DNA damage yields for calculating the RBE were estimated using Monte Carlo Damage Simulation (MCDS) software. The repair outcomes (correct repairs, mutations and DSB conversions) were estimated using Monte Carlo Excision Repair (MCER) simulations.Results: The values for RBE of 62 MeV protons (LET = 1.051 keV/μm) for DSB induction and enzymatic DSB under aerobic condition (21% O2) was 1.02 and 0.94, respectively, as comparing to 60Co γ-rays (LET = 2.4 keV/μm). DMSO mitigated the inference of indirect action and reduced DSB induction to a greater extent when damaged by protons rather than γ-rays, resulting in a decreased RBE of 0.86. DMSO also efficiently prevented enzymatic DSB yields triggered by proton irradiation and reduced the RBE to 0.83. However, hypoxia (2% O2) produced a similar level of DSB induction with respect to the protons and γ-rays, with a comparable RBE of 1.02.Conclusions: The RBE values of proton beams estimated from DSB induction and enzymatic DSB decreased by 16% and 12%, respectively, in the presence of DMSO. Our findings indicate that the overall effects of DSB induction and enzymatic DSB could intensify the tumor killing, while alleviate normal tissue damage when indirect actions are effectively interrupted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ren Luo
- Department of Radiology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Hsin Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taiwan.,Radiation Biology Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University/Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Jing Huang
- Department of Radiology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Pin Chen
- Department of Radiology, Taipei Manicipal Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Yun Hsiao
- Department of Radiology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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4
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González-Gutiérrez AM, Ortiz-Muñiz R, García-Rodríguez MDC, Cortés-Barberena E. Phosphorylated ATM and H2AX in T and B lymphocytes from rats with moderate and severe malnutrition. DNA Repair (Amst) 2019; 83:102640. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2019.102640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Zwicker F, Hauswald H, Debus J, Huber PE, Weber KJ. Impact of dimethyl sulfoxide on irradiation-related DNA double-strand-break induction, -repair and cell survival. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2019; 58:417-424. [PMID: 31127368 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-019-00797-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is an effective radical scavenger and, when added to cells, reduces the initial number of radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSB). The aim of this study was to investigate modification by DMSO of both DSB induction and DSB repair by means of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) as well as gamma-H2AX immunofluorescence staining. WiDr cells (human colon carcinoma provided by DKFZ) were incubated with 2% DMSO for 2 h (or mock-treated) prior to irradiation with varying X-ray doses and subsequent incubation for repair. Sample processing for PFGE analysis or counting of γ-H2AX foci was performed according to standard protocols. Effects on apoptosis induction and cell survival were investigated additionally by standard protocols. DMSO reduced DSB yield after 20-80 Gy measured by PFGE. A qualitatively similar result was found after low-dose irradiation (1 Gy) using γ-H2AX immunofluorescence staining. During incubation for repair, both DNA fragment rejoining (PFGE) as well as γ-H2AX foci removal occurred at a reduced rate when cells had been pre-treated with DMSO. But this effect was clearly more pronounced for the PFGE-analyzed double-strand breakage, particularly at early repair times. WiDr cells treated with DMSO (2%) showed a significantly increased clonogenic survival after irradiation doses above 8 Gy. Apoptosis rates were not changed by DMSO. The radio-protective effect of DMSO, well known from other PFGE studies, could be confirmed for the formation of γ-H2AX foci. DSB generated in the presence of DMSO were less rapidly repaired. DMSO showed radio-protective effects on clonogenic survival but not on apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Zwicker
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Molecular Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) E055, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Henrik Hauswald
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Debus
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Molecular Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) E055, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter E Huber
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Molecular Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) E055, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus-Josef Weber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Saga R, Matsuya Y, Takahashi R, Hasegawa K, Date H, Hosokawa Y. Analysis of the high-dose-range radioresistance of prostate cancer cells, including cancer stem cells, based on a stochastic model. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2019; 60:298-307. [PMID: 31034058 PMCID: PMC6530629 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrz011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In radiotherapy, cancer stem cells (CSCs) are well recognized as one of the radioresistant cell types. Even in a small subpopulation, CSCs may have an influence on tumor control probability, represented by cell killing after irradiation. However, the relationship between the percentage content of CSCs and the cell survival dose-response curve has not yet been quantitatively clarified. In this study, we developed a cell-killing model for two cell populations (CSCs and progeny cells) to predict the surviving fractions, and compared it with the conventional linear-quadratic (LQ) model. Three prostate cancer cell lines (DU145, PC3 and LNCaP) were exposed to X-rays at doses ranging from 0 to 10 Gy. After the irradiation, we performed clonogenic survival assays to generate the cell survival curves, and carried out flow-cytometric analyses to estimate the percentage content of CSCs for each cell line. The cell survival curves for DU145 cells and PC3 cells seemed not to follow the conventional LQ model in the high dose range (>8 Gy). However, the outputs of the developed model agreed better with the experimental cell survival curves than those of the LQ model. The percentage content of CSCs predicted by the developed model was almost coincident with the measured percentage content for both DU145 cells and PC3 cells. The experiments and model analyses indicate that a small subpopulation of radioresistant CSCs has lower radiosensitivity in the high-dose range, which may lessen the clinical outcome for patients with prostate cancer after high-dose radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Saga
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Division of Medical Life Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki Aomori, Japan
| | - Yusuke Matsuya
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Research Group for Radiation Transport Analysis, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), 2-4 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Rei Takahashi
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Division of Medical Life Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki Aomori, Japan
| | - Kazuki Hasegawa
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Division of Medical Life Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki Aomori, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Date
- Faculty of Health Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Hosokawa
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Division of Medical Life Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki Aomori, Japan
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Saga R, Hasegawa K, Murata K, Chiba M, Nakamura T, Okumura K, Tsuruga E, Hosokawa Y. Regulation of radiosensitivity by 4-methylumbelliferone via the suppression of interleukin-1 in fibrosarcoma cells. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:3555-3561. [PMID: 30867797 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.9990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor recurrence and distant metastasis following radiotherapy, which can lead to poor prognosis, are caused by residual cancer cells that acquire radioresistance. Chemotherapy or a combination of targeted inhibitors can potentially enhance radiation sensitivity and prevent metastasis. It was previously reported that co-administration of the hyaluronan synthesis inhibitor 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU) enhanced the lethality of X-ray irradiation in HT1080 human fibrosarcoma cells and decreased their invasiveness to a greater extent than either treatment alone. To clarify the molecular basis of these effects, the present study conducted mRNA expression profiling by cDNA microarray to identify the signaling pathways that are altered under this combination treatment. The activation state of the signaling pathways was classified by z-scores in the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. The results revealed that the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 were activated by 2 Gy X-ray irradiation, an effect that was abolished by co-administration of 4-MU. Similar trends were observed for the upstream signaling component IL-1. These results indicate that the radiosensitivity of fibrosarcoma cells is improved by suppressing inflammation through the administration of 4-MU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Saga
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Kazuki Hasegawa
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Kosho Murata
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Chiba
- Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Toshiya Nakamura
- Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Okumura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu-cho, Ishikari-gun, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
| | - Eichi Tsuruga
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Hosokawa
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
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Coelho A, Nogueira A, Soares S, Assis J, Pereira D, Bravo I, Catarino R, Medeiros R. TP53 Arg72Pro polymorphism is associated with increased overall survival but not response to therapy in Portuguese/Caucasian patients with advanced cervical cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:8165-8171. [PMID: 29731921 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of mechanisms that influence the therapeutic response and survival in patients with cancer is important. It is known that the genetic variability of the host, including presence of genetic polymorphisms in genes involved in DNA damage response, serves a crucial role in the prognosis of these patients. The present hospital-based retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the influence of TP53 Arg72Pro (rs1042522) polymorphism in the clinical outcome of 260 Caucasian patients diagnosed with cervical cancer and treated with concomitant radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The polymorphism genotyping was assessed using allelic discrimination by quantiative polymerase chain reaction. The results indicate that the TP53 Arg72Pro polymorphism did not significantly impact the response to therapy (P=0.571) nor disease-free survival (P=0.081). However, the polymorphism did influence overall survival, as increased median survival time was observed for patients carrying Arg/Pro genotype when compared with patients with Arg/Arg and Pro/Pro genotypes (126 months vs. 111 months, respectively; P=0.047). To conclude, the present findings suggest that a pharmacogenomic profile based on the genetic background of patients, including the analysis of the TP53 genotypes, may individualize treatment nad assist in the selection of therapies that may improve clinical outcome and lower toxicity for the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Coelho
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto-Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Augusto Nogueira
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto-Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.,FMUP, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Soares
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto-Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Assis
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto-Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.,FMUP, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Deolinda Pereira
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto-Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.,Oncology Department, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Bravo
- Medical Physics, Radiobiology and Radioprotection Group, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto-Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Catarino
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto-Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto-Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.,FMUP, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.,CEBIMED, Faculty of Health Sciences of Fernando Pessoa University, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal.,Research Department, Portuguese League Against Cancer (NRNorte), 4200-172 Porto, Portugal
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Saga R, Monzen S, Chiba M, Yoshino H, Nakamura T, Hosokawa Y. Anti-tumor and anti-invasion effects of a combination of 4-methylumbelliferone and ionizing radiation in human fibrosarcoma cells. Oncol Lett 2016; 13:410-416. [PMID: 28123575 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) is a major component of the extracellular matrix that is synthesized in excess in cancer tissues. 4-methylumbelliferone (MU) inhibits the synthesis of HA and is closely related to the invasion and metastasis of cancer. However, the effects of MU in conjunction with cancer radiotherapy remain unknown. The present study assessed the anti-tumor and anti-invasion effects of the concomitant use of ionizing radiation (IR) and 100 µM MU on human fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells. Cell viability and cellular invasion potency assays were performed. There was a greater decrease in the viability of cells cultured with a combination of 2 Gy IR and MU compared with untreated control cells. In addition, cell cycle distribution analysis demonstrated that a higher proportion of these cells were in the sub-G1 phase and higher fractions of annexin-V positive, propidium iodide positive cells (i.e., apoptotic cells) were observed. HA concentration in the 2 Gy irradiated culture was similar to that in the non-irradiated control culture, however, it significantly decreased following the administration of both MU alone and 2 Gy IR with MU. Furthermore, treatment with 2 Gy IR and MU resulted in a significant decrease in the invasion rate and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MPP-9 expression. Taken together, these results suggest that the administration of MU with 2 Gy IR is effective at reducing HA production, cell invasion and the metastatic potential of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Saga
- Department of Radiological Life Sciences, Division of Medical Life Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Satoru Monzen
- Department of Radiological Life Sciences, Division of Medical Life Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Chiba
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Medical Life Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Hironori Yoshino
- Department of Radiological Life Sciences, Division of Medical Life Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Toshiya Nakamura
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Medical Life Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Hosokawa
- Department of Radiological Life Sciences, Division of Medical Life Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
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10
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SEI1 induces genomic instability by inhibiting DNA damage response in ovarian cancer. Cancer Lett 2016; 385:271-279. [PMID: 27697611 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the oncogene SEI1 is highly expressed in ovarian carcinomas, and promoting genomic instability. However, the molecular mechanism of SEI1 in promoting genomic instability remains unclear. We observed SEI1 overexpression in 30 of 46 cases of ovarian cancer compared to non-tumor tissues and the overexpression of SEI1 was positively associated with the tumor FIGO stage. Our functional studies revealed that overexpression of SEI1 could induce genomic instability and increased DNA strand breaks. In contrast, SEI1 co-localized with γH2AX and phosphorylated ATM and DNAPKcs in the nucleus. Furthermore, we found that overexpression of SEI1 induced translocation of the SEI1 protein from the cytoplasm to the nucleus; ATM and DNAPKcs were associated with the cytoplasm-to-nucleus translocation of SEI1. To further prove the correlation between the DNA damage response (DDR) and SEI1, we knocked down SEI1 expression in SEI1-transfected ovarian cancer cell lines. The expression of DDR proteins was significantly downregulated, and the number of micronuclei was significantly decreased. Together, these results define a new mechanism of SEI1 in the regulation of genomic stability and in the malignant progression of ovarian cancer.
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11
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Monzen S, Chiba M, Hosokawa Y. Genetic network profiles associated with established resistance to ionizing radiation in acute promyelocytic leukemia cells and their extracellular vesicles. Oncol Rep 2016; 35:749-56. [PMID: 26718911 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-resistant acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells present challenges to treatment, and the acquisition of resistance to ionizing radiation (IR) is a matter of clinical concern. However, little information is available on the behavior of radio-resistant APL in terms of gene expression profiles and intercellular communication. In this study, cDNA microarray and RT-PCR were used to analyze the intracellular genetic network and extracellular vesicles (EVs), respectively, in the established radio-resistant HL60 (Res-HL60) cell line. Significant changes in the expression of 7,309 known mRNAs were observed in Res-HL60 relative to control. In addition, 7 mRNAs were determined as targets because significant changes in the expression were observed using Ingenuity analysis software, confirming the quantitative RT-PCR. However, EVs from Res-HL60 cells did not include these target molecules. These results suggest that radio-resistant APL is regulated by the expression and suppression of specific molecules, and these molecules are not transferred between cells by EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Monzen
- Department of Radiological Life Sciences, Division of Medical Life Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Chiba
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Medical Life Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Hosokawa
- Department of Radiological Life Sciences, Division of Medical Life Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
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12
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Tsai JY, Chen FH, Hsieh TY, Hsiao YY. Effects of indirect actions and oxygen on relative biological effectiveness: estimate of DSB induction and conversion induced by gamma rays and helium ions. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2015; 56:691-699. [PMID: 25902742 PMCID: PMC4497398 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrv025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Clustered DNA damage other than double-strand breaks (DSBs) can be detrimental to cells and can lead to mutagenesis or cell death. In addition to DSBs induced by ionizing radiation, misrepair of non-DSB clustered damage contributes extra DSBs converted from DNA misrepair via pathways for base excision repair and nucleotide excision repair. This study aimed to quantify the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) when DSB induction and conversion from non-DSB clustered damage misrepair were used as biological endpoints. The results showed that both linear energy transfer (LET) and indirect action had a strong impact on the yields for DSB induction and conversion. RBE values for DSB induction and maximum DSB conversion of helium ions (LET = 120 keV/μm) to (60)Co gamma rays were 3.0 and 3.2, respectively. These RBE values increased to 5.8 and 5.6 in the absence of interference of indirect action initiated by addition of 2-M dimethylsulfoxide. DSB conversion was ∼1-4% of the total non-DSB damage due to gamma rays, which was lower than the 10% estimate by experimental measurement. Five to twenty percent of total non-DSB damage due to helium ions was converted into DSBs. Hence, it may be possible to increase the yields of DSBs in cancerous cells through DNA repair pathways, ultimately enhancing cell killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Ying Tsai
- Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Fang-Hsin Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taiwan, Republic of China Radiation Biology Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University/Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tsung-Yu Hsieh
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Section 1, Chien-Kuo N Road, Taichung, 402, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ya-Yun Hsiao
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Section 1, Chien-Kuo N Road, Taichung, 402, Taiwan, Republic of China
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