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Ali M, Farhat SM, Haleem A. Metabolic Carcinogenesis. Cancer Treat Res 2024; 191:33-55. [PMID: 39133403 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-55622-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Several types of environmental, chemical and metabolic carcinogens exist both exogenously and endogenously. Humans are daily exposed to aforementioned carcinogens through various sources such as through water, air and food or through metabolic and inflammatory products. This chapter will summarize the links between exogenous and endogenous carcinogen exposure and their metabolism with the cancer pathogenesis and associated risks. This chapter will also cover the carcinogens acquired through lifestyle factors like tobacco use and occupational exposures to different chemicals like asbestos, arsenic, chloroform, vinyl chloride, etc. Moreover, environmental carcinogens such as radiation, sunlight, diet, smoke, etc. will also be discussed in this chapter. Furthermore, there are certain carcinogens that require bio-activation and various human enzymes that play a vital role in the metabolic carcinogenesis will also be recapitulated. Necessary preventive measures against carcinogenic exposure from the exogenous environment are significant to be taken into account to reduce the risks associated with the carcinogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahwish Ali
- National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
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2
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Islam JB, Islam MR, Furukawa M, Tateishi I, Katsumata H, Kaneco S. Ag-modified g-C 3N 4 with enhanced activity for the photocatalytic reduction of hexavalent chromium in the presence of EDTA under ultraviolet irradiation. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2023; 44:3627-3640. [PMID: 35443874 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2068379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The photocatalytic reduction of Cr6+ to Cr3+ in an aqueous solution, using 3 wt% Ag/g-C3N4 in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), has been investigated here. The photocatalytic reduction of Cr6+ with pure g-C3N4 was very low. The addition of Ag and EDTA can significantly improve the photocatalytic reduction of Cr6+ using g-C3N4. In the presence of EDTA, the efficiency with Ag/g-C3N4 was better than those with Au/g-C3N4 and Cu/g-C3N4. With EDTA, the reduction rate constant increased from 0.0005 for pure g-C3N4 to 0.12 min-1 for 3 wt% Ag/g-C3N4. By increasing the concentration of EDTA from 0 to 500 mg L-1, the reduction efficiency of Cr6+ increased extremely, and the rate constant raised from 0.008 to 0.12 min-1. The optimal EDTA concentration was 500 mg L-1 for the photocatalyst Ag/g-C3N4. The Ag-EDTA complex may be reduced to metallic silver by the conduction band electrons of g-C3N4. The electron-hole recombination was significantly suppressed by the electron trapping of Ag. EDTA may act in by the formation of Cr3+-complex and the separation of Cr3+ from the g-C3N4 surface and by the valence band hole scavenger of g-C3N4. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and photoluminescence spectra (PL) were used to characterize g-C3N4 and Ag/g-C3N4 nanoparticles. A possible mechanism for photocatalytic Cr6+ reduction has also been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahida Binte Islam
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, Mie, Japan
| | - Md Rakibul Islam
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, Mie, Japan
| | - Mai Furukawa
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, Mie, Japan
| | - Ikki Tateishi
- Global Environment Center for Education & Research, Mie University, Mie, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Katsumata
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, Mie, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kaneco
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, Mie, Japan
- Global Environment Center for Education & Research, Mie University, Mie, Japan
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Thompson CM, Proctor DM, Harris MA. Letter to "Chepelev et al. Establishing a quantitative framework for regulatory interpretation of genetic toxicity dose-response data: Margin of exposure case study of 48 compounds with both in vivo mutagenicity and carcinogenicity dose-response data". ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2023; 64:259-260. [PMID: 36916184 DOI: 10.1002/em.22537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
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Smirnova E, Moniruzzaman M, Chin S, Sureshbabu A, Karthikeyan A, Do K, Min T. A Review of the Role of Curcumin in Metal Induced Toxicity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020243. [PMID: 36829803 PMCID: PMC9952547 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal toxicity poses a potential global threat to the environment and living beings. Their numerous agricultural, medical, industrial, domestic, and technological applications result in widespread distribution in the environment which raises concern on the potential effects of metals in terms of health hazards and environmental pollution. Chelation therapy has been the preferred medical treatment for metal poisoning. The chelating agent bounds metal ions to form complex cyclic structures known as 'chelates' to intensify their excretion from the body. The main disadvantage of synthetic chelators is that the chelation process removes vital nutrients along with toxic metals. Natural compounds are widely available, economical, and have minimal adverse effects compared to classical chelators. Herbal preparations can bind to the metal, reduce its absorption in the intestines, and facilitate excretion from the body. Curcumin, a bioactive substance in turmeric, is widely used as a dietary supplement. Most studies have shown that curcumin protects against metal-induced lipid peroxidation and mitigates adverse effects on the antioxidant system. This review article provides an analysis to show that curcumin imparts promising metal toxicity-ameliorative effects that are related to its intrinsic antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Smirnova
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeju International Animal Research Center (JIA) & Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (SARI), Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammad Moniruzzaman
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeju International Animal Research Center (JIA) & Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (SARI), Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (T.M.)
| | - Sungyeon Chin
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeju International Animal Research Center (JIA) & Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (SARI), Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Anjana Sureshbabu
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeju International Animal Research Center (JIA) & Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (SARI), Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Adhimoolam Karthikeyan
- Subtropical Horticulture Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungtag Do
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeju International Animal Research Center (JIA) & Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (SARI), Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Taesun Min
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeju International Animal Research Center (JIA) & Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (SARI), Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (T.M.)
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Rakhmanov S, Zhanabayeva A, Balmagambetova A, Zhumabay N. STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF LINDANE AND SODIUM BICHROMATE ON THE MYOCARDIUM. POLSKI MERKURIUSZ LEKARSKI : ORGAN POLSKIEGO TOWARZYSTWA LEKARSKIEGO 2023; 51:382-389. [PMID: 37756459 DOI: 10.36740/merkur202304113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aim: The aim of the research is to study the immunohistochemical markers of the endothelium of blood vessels and myocardial ventricles under chronic exposure to sodium bichromate and lindane, as well as in conjunction with damaging biochemical agents contained in the blood. PATIENTS AND METHODS Materials and Methods: The object of the experiment was outbred white mice (males). The study was carried out in 3 groups: 1st group - control, 2nd group - exposure to sodium bichromate 5 mg/kg, 3rd group - exposure to organochlorine pesticide lindane 100 mg/kg. In this experiment authors used the next methods: immunohistochemical method., biochemical research, statistical analysis. RESULTS Results: The data obtained from an experimental study show that the level of cardiomarkers in blood plasma is characterized by different changes when exposed to these two compounds. Basically, the predominance of the effect of sodium bichromate on the LDH level is noted as compared to the effect of lindane; on the CK-MB level, their effects were the same, i.e., there is an increase in their level in blood plasma. CONCLUSION Conclusions: Thus, long-term exposure to sodium bichromate leads to the activation of angiogenesis, destruction of the integrity of the endothelium, and this, in turn, leads to reparative changes located around in the myocardial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapargali Rakhmanov
- MARAT OSPANOV WEST-KAZAKHSTAN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, AKTOBE, REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
| | - Aigul Zhanabayeva
- MARAT OSPANOV WEST-KAZAKHSTAN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, AKTOBE, REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
| | - Aru Balmagambetova
- MARAT OSPANOV WEST-KAZAKHSTAN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, AKTOBE, REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
| | - Nurkanat Zhumabay
- MARAT OSPANOV WEST-KAZAKHSTAN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, AKTOBE, REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
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Tan X, Zhang Y, Liu M, Cao J, Duan G, Cui J, Lin A. Ultrasonic-assisted preparation of interlaced layered hydrotalcite (U-Fe/Al-LDH) for high-efficiency removal of Cr(VI): Enhancing adsorption-coupled reduction capacity and stability. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136472. [PMID: 36122742 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cr(VI) contamination in aquatic systems has been a challenge for environmental science researchers. To environmental-friendly, stable, and efficiently remove Cr (VI), a novel layered double hydroxide was prepared through the ultrasonic-assisted co-precipitation method. The ultrasonic-assisted step prevented the Fe2+ oxidation, improved the morphology and performance, and finally, the adsorption-coupled reduction capacity and stability were enhanced. By adding U-Fe/Al-LDH (1.0 g/L) for Cr(VI) (100 mg/L), the removal rate reached 82.24%. The removal data were well fitted by the pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm model. Using U-Fe/Al-LDH can be performed over a wide pH range (2-10), with a theoretical maximum removal capacity of 118.65 mg/g. The Cr(VI) with high toxicity was adsorbed and reduced to low-toxicity Cr(III). In the final phase, stable Cr(III) complex precipitates were generated. After 30 days, the dynamic leaching amounts of total Cr in used U-Fe/Al-LDH-2 were 0.1052 mg/L. Combined with the results of the influence experiment of coexisting anions and oxidants and the SO42- release experiment, the stability of the removal effect and the safety of U-Fe/Al-LDH were proved. In conclusion, U-Fe/Al-LDH-2 is a promising remediation agent and a feasible Cr(VI) removal method for the practical remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Tan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinjie Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinman Cao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Guilan Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Cui
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Aijun Lin
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.
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Self-healable poly-(acrylic acid)@Fe/Ni hybrid hydrogel membrane for Cr(VI) removal from industrial wastewater. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04454-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Zhu Z, Miao Y, Wang G, Chen W, Lu W. Solar-driven zinc-doped graphitic carbon nitride photocatalytic fibre for simultaneous removal of hexavalent chromium and pharmaceuticals. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 43:2569-2580. [PMID: 33576725 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2021.1889040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The current environmental problems urgently require researchers to seek an environmentally friendly, effective and easy to operate sewage treatment method. Graphite carbon nitride (g-C3N4), which has the advantages of simple preparation, safety, non-toxicity and chemical resistance, was expected to become a photocatalyst for solving environmental pollution. However, the performances of g-C3N4 still have some limitations that the electron hole recombination is fast and the powder is not easy to recover. In this study, zinc-doped graphite carbon nitride photocatalyst (Zn-g-C3N4) was mixed with polyacrylonitrile (PAN) to produce photocatalyst fibres by electrospinning. It not only solves the problem that the powder catalyst is difficult to recycle, but also effectively inhibits the recombination of photoelectron-hole pairs. Zn-g-C3N4/PAN has good photocatalytic activity for the simultaneous reduction of hexavalent chromium and degradation of pharmaceuticals. When organic pollutants are present, the reduction efficiency of hexavalent chromium was improved without affecting its own removal efficiency. The potential application value of Zn-g-C3N4/PAN catalytic fibre was further explored by simulating the complex actual water environment. The composite fibre can be easily reused and keep its superior photocatalytic performance. The mechanism of pharmaceuticals degradation was proposed, in which ∙O2- is the most important active species, which leads to the oxidation of pharmaceuticals. Besides, the photoelectrons generated by the catalyst can reduce the toxic hexavalent chromium. The efficiency of Zn-g-C3N4 to remove pollutants is improved by PAN fibre as a carrier, which not only solves the problem of difficult recovery of powder catalysts, but also provides more active sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhexin Zhu
- National Engineering Lab for Textile Fiber Materials & Processing Technology (Zhejiang), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongquan Miao
- National Engineering Lab for Textile Fiber Materials & Processing Technology (Zhejiang), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Gangqiang Wang
- National Engineering Lab for Textile Fiber Materials & Processing Technology (Zhejiang), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxing Chen
- National Engineering Lab for Textile Fiber Materials & Processing Technology (Zhejiang), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wangyang Lu
- National Engineering Lab for Textile Fiber Materials & Processing Technology (Zhejiang), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Thompson CM, Aardema MJ, Heintz MM, MacGregor JT, Young RR. A review of mammalian in vivo genotoxicity of hexavalent chromium: implications for oral carcinogenicity risk assessment. Crit Rev Toxicol 2022; 51:820-849. [DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2021.2000934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Marciano JS, Ferreira RR, de Souza AG, Barbosa RFS, de Moura Junior AJ, Rosa DS. Biodegradable gelatin composite hydrogels filled with cellulose for chromium (VI) adsorption from contaminated water. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 181:112-124. [PMID: 33771541 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Biopolymers are promising materials for water treatment applications due to their abundance, low cost, expandability, and chemical structure. In this work, gelatin hydrogels filled with cellulose in the form of pristine eucalyptus residues (PER) or treated eucalyptus residues (TER) were prepared for adsorption and chromium removal in contaminated water. PER is a lignocellulosic compound, with cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, while TER has cellulose as a major component. FT-Raman Spectroscopy and FTIR analysis confirmed the crosslink reaction with glutaraldehyde and indicated that fillers altered the gelatin molecular vibrations and formed new hydrogen bonds, impacting the hydrogels' crystalline structure. The hydrogen bond energy was altered by the cellulosic fillers' addition and resulted in higher thermal stability (~10 °C). Hydrogels presented a Fickian diffusion, where gelatin hydrogel showed the highest swelling ability (466%), and composites showed lower values with the filler content increase. The chromium adsorption capacity presented values between 12 and 13 mg/g, i.e., featuring an excellent removal capacity which is related with hydrogel crosslinked structure and fibers surface hydroxyl groups, highlighting gelatin hydrogel TER 5% with better removal capacity. The developed hydrogels were produced from biomacromolecules with low-cost and potential application in contaminated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica S Marciano
- Center for Engineering, Modeling, and Applied Social Sciences (CECS), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, Brazil
| | - Rafaela R Ferreira
- Center for Engineering, Modeling, and Applied Social Sciences (CECS), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, Brazil
| | - Alana G de Souza
- Center for Engineering, Modeling, and Applied Social Sciences (CECS), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, Brazil
| | - Rennan F S Barbosa
- Center for Engineering, Modeling, and Applied Social Sciences (CECS), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, Brazil
| | | | - Derval S Rosa
- Center for Engineering, Modeling, and Applied Social Sciences (CECS), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, Brazil.
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Lim JY, Mubarak N, Abdullah E, Nizamuddin S, Khalid M, Inamuddin. Recent trends in the synthesis of graphene and graphene oxide based nanomaterials for removal of heavy metals — A review. J IND ENG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2018.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Shafiq M, Shaukat T, Nazir A, Bareen FE. Modeling of Cr contamination in the agricultural lands of three villages near the leather industry in Kasur, Pakistan, using statistical and GIS techniques. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2017; 189:423. [PMID: 28762145 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-017-6126-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Kasur is one of the hubs of leather industry in the Punjab, Pakistan, where chrome tanning method of leather processing is extensively being used. Chromium (Cr) accumulation levels in the irrigation water, soil, and seasonal vegetables were studied in three villages located in the vicinity of wastewater treatment plant and solid waste dumping site operated by the Kasur Tanneries Waste Management Agency (KTWMA). The data was interpreted using analysis of variance (ANOVA), clustering analysis (CA), and principal component analysis (PCA). Interpolated surface maps for Cr were generated using the actual data obtained for the 30 sampling sites in each of the three villages for irrigation water, soil, and seasonal vegetables. The level of contamination in the three villages was directly proportional to their distance from KTWMA wastewater treatment plant and the direction of water runoff. The highest level of Cr contamination in soil (mg kg-1) was observed at Faqeeria Wala (37.67), intermediate at Dollay Wala (30.33), and the least in Maan (25.16). A gradational variation in Cr accumulation was observed in the three villages from contaminated wastewater having the least contamination level (2.02-4.40 mg L-1), to soil (25.16-37.67 mg kg-1), and ultimately in the seasonal vegetable crops (156.67-248.33 mg kg-1) cultivated in the region, having the highest level of Cr contamination above the permissible limit. The model used not only predicted the current situation of Cr contamination in the three villages but also indicated the trend of magnification of Cr contamination from irrigation water to soil and to the base of the food chain. Among the multiple causes of Cr contamination of vegetables, soil irrigation with contaminated groundwater was observed to be the dominant one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shafiq
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Tahira Shaukat
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Aisha Nazir
- Department of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Firdaus-E- Bareen
- Department of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan.
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