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Indirapriyadarshini R, Radhiga T, Kanimozhi G, Prasad NR. Preventive effect of andrographolide against ultraviolet-B radiation-induced oxidative stress and apoptotic signaling in human dermal fibroblasts. Cell Biochem Funct 2023; 41:1370-1382. [PMID: 37842803 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet radiation induces oxidative photoaging in the skin cells. In this study, we investigated the ability of andrographolide (ADP) to protect human dermal fibroblasts (HDFa) from UVB radiation-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. The HDFa cells were exposed to UVB (19.8 mJ/cm2 ) radiation in the presence or absence of ADP (7 μM) and then oxidative stress and apoptotic protein expression were analyzed. UVB exposure resulted in a significant decline in the activity of antioxidant enzymes and altered mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Furthermore, UVB-irradiation causes increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, apoptotic morphological changes, and lipid peroxidation levels in the HDFa. Moreover, the pretreatment with ADP reduced the UVB-induced cytotoxicity, ROS production, and increased antioxidant enzymes activity. Further, the ADP pretreatment prevents the UVB-induced loss of MMP and apoptotic signaling in HDFa cells. Therefore, the present results suggest that ADP protects HDFa cells from UVB-induced oxidative stress and apoptotic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thangaiyan Radhiga
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Govindasamy Kanimozhi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamilnadu, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Dharmapuram Gnanambigai Government Arts College for Women, Mayiladuthurai, India
| | - N Rajendra Prasad
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamilnadu, India
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2
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Sawicki K, Matysiak-Kucharek M, Kruszewski M, Wojtyła-Buciora P, Kapka-Skrzypczak L. Influence of chlorpyrifos exposure on UVB irradiation induced toxicity in human skin cells. J Occup Med Toxicol 2023; 18:23. [PMID: 37803377 PMCID: PMC10559529 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-023-00391-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although chlorpyrifos (CPS) has been banned in many developed countries, it still remains one of the best-selling pesticides in the world. Widespread environmental and occupational exposure to CPS pose a serious risk to human health. Another environmental factor that can adversely affect human health is ultraviolet radiation B (UVB, 280-315 nm wave length). Here we attempt determine if exposure to CPS can modify toxic effects of UVB. Such situation might be a common phenomenon in agriculture workers, where exposure to both factors takes place. METHODS Two skin cell lines; namely human immortalized keratinocytes HaCaT and BJ human fibroblasts were used in this study. Cytotoxicity was investigated using a cell membrane damage detection assay (LDH Cytotoxicity Assay), a DNA damage detection assay (Comet Assay), an apoptosis induction detection assay (Apo-ONE Homogeneous Caspase-3/7 Assay) and a cell reactive oxygen species detection assay (ROS-Glo H2O2 assay). Cytokine IL-6 production was also measured in cells using an ELISA IL-6 Assay. RESULTS Pre-incubation of skin cells with CPS significantly increased UVB-induced toxicity at the highest UVB doses (15 and 20 mJ/cm2). Also pre-exposure of BJ cells to CPS significantly increased the level of DNA damage, except for 20 mJ/cm2 UVB. In contrast, pre-exposure of HaCaT cells, to CPS prior to UVB radiation did not cause any significant changes. A decrease in caspase 3/7 activity was observed in HaCaT cells pre-exposed to 250 µM CPS and 5 mJ/cm2 UVB. Meanwhile, no statistically significant changes were observed in fibroblasts. In HaCaT cells, pre-exposure to CPS resulted in a statistically significant increase in ROS production. Also, in BJ cells, similar results were obtained except for 20 mJ/cm2. Interestingly, CPS seems to inhibited IL-6 production in HaCaT and BJ cells exposed to UVB (in the case of HaCaT cells for all UVB doses, while for BJ cells only at 15 and 20 mJ/cm2). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the present study indicates that CPS may contribute to the increased UVB-induced toxicity in skin cells, which was likely due to the induction of ROS formation along with the generation of DNA damage. However, further studies are required to gain better understanding of the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Sawicki
- Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, Lublin, 20-090, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Matysiak-Kucharek
- Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, Lublin, 20-090, Poland
| | - Marcin Kruszewski
- Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, Lublin, 20-090, Poland
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Lucyna Kapka-Skrzypczak
- Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, Lublin, 20-090, Poland.
- World Institute for Family Health, Calisia University, Kalisz, Poland.
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3
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Liu C, Guo X, Chen Y, Zhao M, Shi S, Luo Z, Song J, Zhang Z, Yang W, Liu K. Anti-photoaging effect and mechanism of flexible liposomes co-loaded with apigenin and doxycycline. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:114998. [PMID: 37301137 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolonged exposure to UV light can lead to photo-ageing of the skin. Therefore, the development and application of anti-photoaging drugs is urgent. In this study, we co-loaded apigenin (Apn) and doxycycline (Doc), a broad-spectrum inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), into flexible liposomes to exert anti-photoaging effects by combating oxidative stress, anti-inflammation, reducing the activation of MMPs and preventing collagen loss. The results showed that we prepared a flexible liposome (A/D-FLip) containing Apn and Doc. Its appearance, particle size and Zeta potential were normal and it had good encapsulation efficiency, drug loading, in vitro release and transdermal efficiency. In cellular experiments, A/D-FLip could inhibit oxidative stress damage, reduce inflammatory factors and decrease the activation of MMPs in Human immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT) cells; in animal experiments, A/D-FLip could inhibit skin damage and reduce skin collagen loss by decreasing the activation of MMPs, thus inhibiting skin photoaging in mice. In conclusion, A/D-FLip has good anti-photoaging effects and it has the potential to become an effective skin care product or drug against UV damage and skin photoaging in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, PR China.
| | - Xiao Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, PR China; Gongqing Institute of Science and Technology, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332020, PR China
| | - Yutong Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, PR China
| | - Meijun Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Jilin Medical College, Jilin 132013, PR China
| | - Shuai Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, PR China
| | - Zheng Luo
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, PR China
| | - Jian Song
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, PR China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, PR China
| | - Wenchuang Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, PR China
| | - Keyi Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, PR China
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4
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Hallmarks and Biomarkers of Skin Senescence: An Updated Review of Skin Senotherapeutics. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020444. [PMID: 36830002 PMCID: PMC9952625 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex process characterized by an ongoing decline in physiological functions, leading to degenerative diseases and an increased probability of death. Cellular senescence has been typically considered as an anti-proliferative process; however, the chronic accumulation of senescent cells contributes to tissue dysfunction and aging. In this review, we discuss some of the most important hallmarks and biomarkers of cellular senescence with a special focus on skin biomarkers, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and senotherapeutic strategies to eliminate or prevent senescence. Although most of them are not exclusive to senescence, the expression of the senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) enzyme seems to be the most reliable biomarker for distinguishing senescent cells from those arrested in the cell cycle. The presence of a stable DNA damage response (DDR) and the accumulation of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) mediators and ROS are the most representative hallmarks for senescence. Senotherapeutics based on natural compounds such as quercetin, naringenin, and apigenin have shown promising results regarding SASP reduction. These compounds seem to prevent the accumulation of senescent cells, most likely through the inhibition of pro-survival signaling pathways. Although studies are still required to verify their short- and long-term effects, these therapies may be an effective strategy for skin aging.
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5
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Yoon JH, Kim MY, Cho JY. Apigenin: A Therapeutic Agent for Treatment of Skin Inflammatory Diseases and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021498. [PMID: 36675015 PMCID: PMC9861958 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin is the main barrier between the body and the environment, protecting it from external oxidative stress induced by ultraviolet rays. It also prevents the entrance of infectious agents such as viruses, external antigens, allergens, and bacteria into our bodies. An overreaction to these agents causes severe skin diseases, including atopic dermatitis, pruritus, psoriasis, skin cancer, and vitiligo. Members of the flavonoid family include apigenin, quercetin, luteolin, and kaempferol. Of these, apigenin has been used as a dietary supplement due to its various biological activities and has been shown to reduce skin inflammation by downregulating various inflammatory markers and molecular targets. In this review, we deal with current knowledge about inflammatory reactions in the skin and the molecular mechanisms by which apigenin reduces skin inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Yoon
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Yeon Kim
- School of Systems Biomedical Science, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (M.-Y.K.); (J.Y.C.); Tel.: +82-2-820-0458 (M.-Y.K.); +82-31-290-7868 (J.Y.C.)
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (M.-Y.K.); (J.Y.C.); Tel.: +82-2-820-0458 (M.-Y.K.); +82-31-290-7868 (J.Y.C.)
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6
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Indirapriyadarshini R, Kanimozhi G, Natarajan D, Jeevakaruniyam SJ. Andrographolide protects acute ultraviolet-B radiation-induced photodamages in the mouse skin. Arch Dermatol Res 2022; 315:1197-1205. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-022-02504-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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7
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Liu JK. Natural products in cosmetics. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2022; 12:40. [PMID: 36437391 PMCID: PMC9702281 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-022-00363-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The global cosmetics market reached US$500 billion in 2017 and is expected to exceed US$800 billion by 2023, at around a 7% annual growth rate. The cosmetics industry is emerging as one of the fastest-growing industries of the past decade. Data shows that the Chinese cosmetics market was US$60 billion in 2021. It is expected to be the world's number one consumer cosmetics market by 2050, with a size of approximately US$450 billion. The influence of social media and the internet has raised awareness of the risks associated with the usage of many chemicals in cosmetics and the health benefits of natural products derived from plants and other natural resources. As a result, the cosmetic industry is now paying more attention to natural products. The present review focus on the possible applications of natural products from various biological sources in skin care cosmetics, including topical care products, fragrances, moisturizers, UV protective, and anti-wrinkle products. In addition, the mechanisms of targets for evaluation of active ingredients in cosmetics and the possible benefits of these bioactive compounds in rejuvenation and health, and their potential role in cosmetics are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Kai Liu
- Wuhan Institute of Health, Shenzhen Moore Vaporization Health & Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Majma Sanaye P, Mojaveri MR, Ahmadian R, Sabet Jahromi M, Bahramsoltani R. Apigenin and its dermatological applications: A comprehensive review. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 203:113390. [PMID: 35998830 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Apigenin is one of the abundant flavonoids in fruits and vegetables of human diet with several demonstrated health benefits. The aim of the present study is to provide an overview of the current evidence regarding the effect of apigenin on different dermatological complications. Electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched to retrieve all papers assessing the dermatological effects of apigenin. Preclinical studies support beneficial effects of apigenin on UV-induced skin damage, vitiligo, dermatitis, wounds, skin aging, and some types of skin cancer. The compound mostly acts via inhibition of inflammation through suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and intracellular inflammatory mediators, as well as antioxidant properties such as improvement of endogenous antioxidant defense mechanisms. There are also some studies for the design and development of novel drug delivery systems for apigenin to improve its oral and topical bioavailability. Nevertheless, no clinical study has evaluated apigenin as a natural supplement for skin conditions. Considering the benefits of apigenin in preclinical models of dermatological disorders, as well as the acceptable safety of this compound, apigenin may be a future candidate to be used in dermatological disorders. Future clinical studies are needed to further confirm the safety and efficacy of apigenin in skin care products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Reza Mojaveri
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; USERN Office, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Roohollah Ahmadian
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Sabet Jahromi
- Department of Agriculture, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 1983969411, Iran
| | - Roodabeh Bahramsoltani
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; PhytoPharmacology Interest Group (PPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
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9
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Lee JH, Park J, Shin DW. The Molecular Mechanism of Polyphenols with Anti-Aging Activity in Aged Human Dermal Fibroblasts. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144351. [PMID: 35889225 PMCID: PMC9322955 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin is the largest organ in the body comprised of three different layers including the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. The dermis is mainly composed of dermal fibroblasts and extracellular matrix (ECM), such as collagen and elastin, which are strongly related to skin elasticity and firmness. Skin is continuously exposed to different kinds of environmental stimuli. For example, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, air pollutants, or smoking aggravates skin aging. These external stimuli accelerate the aging process by reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated signaling pathways and even cause aging-related diseases. Skin aging is characterized by elasticity loss, wrinkle formation, a reduced dermal-epidermal junction, and delayed wound healing. Thus, many studies have shown that natural polyphenol compounds can delay the aging process by regulating age-related signaling pathways in aged dermal fibroblasts. This review first highlights the relationship between aging and its related molecular mechanisms. Then, we discuss the function and underlying mechanism of various polyphenols for improving skin aging. This study may provide essential insights for developing functional cosmetics and future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Hwa Lee
- College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea;
| | - Jooho Park
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea;
| | - Dong Wook Shin
- College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-43-840-3693
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10
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Coutinho TE, Souto EB, Silva AM. Selected Flavonoids to Target Melanoma: A Perspective in Nanoengineering Delivery Systems. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9070290. [PMID: 35877341 PMCID: PMC9311564 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9070290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a complex type of cancer that depends on several metabolic factors, while the currently used therapies are not always effective and have unwanted side effects. In this review, the main factors involved in the etiology of cutaneous carcinoma are highlighted, together with the main genes and proteins that regulate cancer invasion and metastization. The role of five selected flavonoids, namely, apigenin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, kaempferol, naringenin, and silybin, in the modulating receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) and Wnt pathways is reported with their relevance in the future design of drugs to mitigate and/or treat melanoma. However, as phenolic compounds have some difficulties in reaching the target site, the encapsulation of these compounds in nanoparticles is a promising strategy to promote improved physicochemical stabilization of the bioactives and achieve greater bioavailability. Scientific evidence is given about the beneficial effects of loading these flavonoids into selected nanoparticles for further exploitation in the treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago E. Coutinho
- Center for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB-UTAD), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life Sciences and Environment, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Eliana B. Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Amélia M. Silva
- Center for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB-UTAD), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life Sciences and Environment, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-259-350-921
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11
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Alkaloids and flavonoids exert protective effects against UVB-induced damage in a 3D skin model using human keratinocytes. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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12
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Shivappa P, Bernhardt G. Natural radioprotectors on current and future perspectives: A mini-review. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2022; 14:57-71. [PMID: 36034486 PMCID: PMC9416108 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_502_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy is used as the primary treatment for cancer. Eighty percent of cancer patients require radiation therapy during treatment or for medical purposes. During treatment, radiation causes various biological defects in the cells. The prevalence of cytotoxicity limits the dose used for effective treatment. This method is designed to strike a balance between removing cancer cells and protecting normal tissues. Unfortunately, effective radiation is unavailable once acute toxicity occurs during clinical radiation therapy. Therefore, a lot of research interest is needed in the discovery of radioprotective drugs to accelerate treatment to reduce this toxicity (i.e., normal tissue toxicity to cancer cell death). Radiation protectors may be chemicals or drugs that minimize the damage caused due to radiation therapy in living organisms. The determination of effective and nontoxic radiation protection is an essential goal for radiation oncologists and basic radiobiologists. However, despite the advantages, many radioprotectors were found to have disadvantages which include cost, less duration, toxicity, and effect on the central nervous system. Therefore in recent years, the focus has been diverted to finding out optimal natural products to act as radioprotectors. Natural radiation protectors are plant compounds that protect normal (noncancerous) cells from damage from radiation therapy. Natural herbal products are nontoxic with proven therapeutic benefits and have long been used to treat various diseases. In conclusion, we find that there are various radiation protectors with different purposes and mechanisms of action.
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13
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Csekes E, Račková L. Skin Aging, Cellular Senescence and Natural Polyphenols. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12641. [PMID: 34884444 PMCID: PMC8657738 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin, being the barrier organ of the body, is constitutively exposed to various stimuli impacting its morphology and function. Senescent cells have been found to accumulate with age and may contribute to age-related skin changes and pathologies. Natural polyphenols exert many health benefits, including ameliorative effects on skin aging. By affecting molecular pathways of senescence, polyphenols are able to prevent or delay the senescence formation and, consequently, avoid or ameliorate aging and age-associated pathologies of the skin. This review aims to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge in skin aging and cellular senescence, and to summarize the recent in vitro studies related to the anti-senescent mechanisms of natural polyphenols carried out on keratinocytes, melanocytes and fibroblasts. Aged skin in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic will be also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Csekes
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Račková
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
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14
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Domaszewska-Szostek A, Puzianowska-Kuźnicka M, Kuryłowicz A. Flavonoids in Skin Senescence Prevention and Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136814. [PMID: 34201952 PMCID: PMC8267725 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin aging is associated with the accumulation of senescent cells and is related to many pathological changes, including decreased protection against pathogens, increased susceptibility to irritation, delayed wound healing, and increased cancer susceptibility. Senescent cells secrete a specific set of pro-inflammatory mediators, referred to as a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which can cause profound changes in tissue structure and function. Thus, drugs that selectively eliminate senescent cells (senolytics) or neutralize SASP (senostatics) represent an attractive therapeutic strategy for age-associated skin deterioration. There is growing evidence that plant-derived compounds (flavonoids) can slow down or even prevent aging-associated deterioration of skin appearance and function by targeting cellular pathways crucial for regulating cellular senescence and SASP. This review summarizes the senostatic and senolytic potential of flavonoids in the context of preventing skin aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Domaszewska-Szostek
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre PAS, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: (A.D.-S.); (A.K.); Tel.: +48-2260-86401 (A.K.); Fax: +48-2260-86410 (A.K.)
| | - Monika Puzianowska-Kuźnicka
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre PAS, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, 01-826 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alina Kuryłowicz
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre PAS, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: (A.D.-S.); (A.K.); Tel.: +48-2260-86401 (A.K.); Fax: +48-2260-86410 (A.K.)
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15
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Ling C, Lei C, Zou M, Cai X, Xiang Y, Xie Y, Li X, Huang D, Wang Y. Neuroprotective effect of apigenin against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. J Int Med Res 2021; 48:300060520945859. [PMID: 32993408 PMCID: PMC7536502 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520945859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The therapeutic efficacy of apigenin in PC12 cells and rats remains
uncertain. The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective
effects of apigenin against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, both
in vitro and in vivo. Methods We first treated PC12 cells with cobalt chloride (CoCl2) to create
a model of oxidative stress injury. Cell viability was then determined using
a multifunctional microplate reader. In addition, reactive oxygen species
(ROS) levels, apoptosis, and mitochondrial membrane potentials (MMPs) were
examined using high-content cytometer analysis. The efficacy of apigenin
treatment was also analyzed in a rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)
model using TTC staining and neurological deficit scores. Results The half-inhibitory concentration of CoCl2 was 1.2 mM.
Pretreatment with 10 µg ⋅ mL−1 apigenin significantly enhanced
cell viability, reduced ROS levels, alleviated apoptosis, and improved MMP
in PC12 cells with CoCl2-induced injury in
vitro. In addition, apigenin treatment in vivo
significantly improved neurological deficit scores and reduced infarct areas
in MCAO rats. These results suggest that the neuroprotective mechanisms of
apigenin may be related to mitochondrial activation. Conclusions Apigenin had excellent neuroprotective effects for the treatment of cerebral
ischemia/reperfusion injury in vitro and in
vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengli Ling
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Training Base of Province-Ministry Joint State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Powder and Innovative Medicinals, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Chang Lei
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Training Base of Province-Ministry Joint State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Powder and Innovative Medicinals, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Manshu Zou
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Training Base of Province-Ministry Joint State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Powder and Innovative Medicinals, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Xiong Cai
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Training Base of Province-Ministry Joint State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Powder and Innovative Medicinals, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yun Xiang
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Training Base of Province-Ministry Joint State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Powder and Innovative Medicinals, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yu Xie
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Xuran Li
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Dan Huang
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Training Base of Province-Ministry Joint State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Powder and Innovative Medicinals, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yuhong Wang
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Training Base of Province-Ministry Joint State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Powder and Innovative Medicinals, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
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Kim JK, Park SU. Recent insights into the biological functions of apigenin. EXCLI JOURNAL 2020; 19:984-991. [PMID: 32788912 PMCID: PMC7415933 DOI: 10.17179/excli2020-2579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciences and Bio-Resource and Environmental Center, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
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17
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Boniface PK, Elizabeth FI. Flavones as a Privileged Scaffold in Drug Discovery: Current Developments. Curr Org Synth 2020; 16:968-1001. [PMID: 31984880 DOI: 10.2174/1570179416666190719125730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flavones are one of the main subclasses of flavonoids with diverse pharmacological properties. They have been reported to possess antimalarial, antimicrobial, anti-tuberculosis, anti-allergic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activities, among others. OBJECTIVE The present review summarizes the recent information on the pharmacological properties of naturally occurring and synthetic flavones. METHODS Scientific publications referring to natural and synthetic flavones in relation to their biological activities were hand-searched in databases such as SciFinder, PubMed (National Library of Medicine), Science Direct, Wiley, ACS, SciELO, Springer, among others. RESULTS As per the literature, seventy-five natural flavones were predicted as active compounds with reference to their IC50 (<20 µg/mL) in in vitro studies. Also, synthetic flavones were found active against several diseases. CONCLUSION As per the literature, flavones are important sources for the potential treatment of multifactorial diseases. However, efforts toward the development of flavone-based therapeutic agents are still needed. The appearance of new catalysts and chemical transformations is expected to provide avenues for the synthesis of unexplored flavones, leading to the discovery of flavones with new properties and biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pone K Boniface
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ferreira I Elizabeth
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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18
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Boronate-ester crosslinked hyaluronic acid hydrogels for dihydrocaffeic acid delivery and fibroblasts protection against UVB irradiation. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 247:116845. [PMID: 32829875 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we exploit the dynamic nature and pH dependence of complexes between phenylboronic acid and diol-containing molecules to control the release of an anti-photoaging agent, dihydrocaffeic acid (DHCA), from a dynamic covalent hydrogel (HG). The HG is prepared by reversible formation of boronate ester crosslinks between hyaluronic acid (HA) modified with saccharide (GLU) residues and HA functionalized with 3-aminophenylboronic acid (APBA), part of which is involved in complexation with DHCA. The hydrogel exhibited increased dynamic moduli and a lower relaxation time at pH 7.4 in comparison to pH 6, and greater amount of DHCA was incorporated at pH 7.4. Moreover, this hydrogel prolonged DHCA release at pH 7.4 through drug reversible complexation/decomplexation, while the rate of release was fastest in acidic (skin) conditions. Very interestingly, the incorporation of DHCA into the network enhances its protection against UVB-induced L929 fibroblast death. Therefore, this smart hydrogel can contribute to photoaging prevention.
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Proshkina E, Shaposhnikov M, Moskalev A. Genome-Protecting Compounds as Potential Geroprotectors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4484. [PMID: 32599754 PMCID: PMC7350017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout life, organisms are exposed to various exogenous and endogenous factors that cause DNA damages and somatic mutations provoking genomic instability. At a young age, compensatory mechanisms of genome protection are activated to prevent phenotypic and functional changes. However, the increasing stress and age-related deterioration in the functioning of these mechanisms result in damage accumulation, overcoming the functional threshold. This leads to aging and the development of age-related diseases. There are several ways to counteract these changes: 1) prevention of DNA damage through stimulation of antioxidant and detoxification systems, as well as transition metal chelation; 2) regulation of DNA methylation, chromatin structure, non-coding RNA activity and prevention of nuclear architecture alterations; 3) improving DNA damage response and repair; 4) selective removal of damaged non-functional and senescent cells. In the article, we have reviewed data about the effects of various trace elements, vitamins, polyphenols, terpenes, and other phytochemicals, as well as a number of synthetic pharmacological substances in these ways. Most of the compounds demonstrate the geroprotective potential and increase the lifespan in model organisms. However, their genome-protecting effects are non-selective and often are conditioned by hormesis. Consequently, the development of selective drugs targeting genome protection is an advanced direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Proshkina
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Mikhail Shaposhnikov
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Alexey Moskalev
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (M.S.)
- Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University, 55 Oktyabrsky prosp., 167001 Syktyvkar, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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20
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DNA-BINDING and DNA-protecting activities of small natural organic molecules and food extracts. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 323:109030. [PMID: 32205154 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The review summarizes literature data on the DNA-binding, DNA-protecting and DNA-damaging activities of a range of natural human endogenous and exogenous compounds. Small natural organic molecules bind DNA in a site-specific mode, by arranging tight touch with the structure of the major and minor grooves, as well as individual bases in the local duplex DNA. Polyphenols are the best-studied exogenous compounds from this point of view. Many of them demonstrate hormetic effects, producing both beneficial and damaging effects. An attempt to establish the dependence of DNA damage or DNA protection on the concentration of the compound turned out to be successful for some polyphenols, daidzein, genistein and resveratrol, which were DNA protecting in low concentrations and DNA damaging in high concentrations. There was no evident dependence on concentration for quercetin and kaempferol. Probably, the DNA-protecting effect is associated with the affinity to DNA. Caffeine and theophylline are DNA binders; at the same time, they favor DNA repair. Although most alkaloids damage DNA, berberine can protect DNA against damage. Among the endogenous compounds, hormones belonging to the amine class, thyroid and steroid hormones appear to bind DNA and produce some DNA damage. Thus, natural compounds continue to reveal beneficial or adverse effects on genome integrity and provide a promising source of therapeutic activities.
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Skarupova D, Vostalova J, Rajnochova Svobodova A. Ultraviolet A protective potential of plant extracts and phytochemicals. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2020; 164:1-22. [PMID: 32188958 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2020.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to solar radiation is related to an increased incidence of various skin disorders, including premature skin aging and melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. Ultraviolet (UV) photons in particular are responsible for skin damage. Solar UV photons mainly belong to UVA wavebands, however UVA radiation has been mostly ignored for a long time. At the cellular level, UVA photons mainly provoke indirect oxidative damage to biomolecules via the massive generation of unstable and highly reactive compounds. Human skin has several effective mechanisms that forestall, repair and eliminate damage caused by solar radiation. Regardless, some damage persists and can accumulate with chronic exposure. Therefore, conscious protection against solar radiation (UVB+UVA) is necessary. Besides traditional types of photoprotection such as sunscreen use, new strategies are being searched for and developed. One very popular protective strategy is the application of phytochemicals as active ingredients of photoprotection preparations instead of synthetic chemicals. Phytochemicals usually possess additional biological activities besides absorbing the energy of photons, and those properties (e.g. antioxidant, anti-inflammatory) magnify the protective potential of phytochemicals and extracts. Therefore, compounds of natural origin are in the interest of researchers as well as developers. In this review, only studies on UVA protection with well-documented experimental conditions are summarized. This article includes 17 well standardized plant extracts (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze, Silybum marianum L. Gaertn., Punica granatum L., Polypodium aureum L., Vaccinium myrtillus L., Lonicera caerulea L., Thymus vulgaris L., Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill., Morinda citrifolia L., Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f., Oenothera paradoxa Hudziok, Galinsoga parviflora Cav., Galinsoga quadriradiata Ruiz et Pavón, Hippophae rhamnoides L., Cola acuminata Schott & Endl., Theobroma cacao L. and Amaranthus cruentus L.) and 26 phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisa Skarupova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Vostalova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Rajnochova Svobodova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Sabitha R, Nishi K, Gunasekaran VP, Agilan B, David E, Annamalai G, Vinothkumar R, Perumal M, Subbiah L, Ganeshan M. p-Coumaric acid attenuates alcohol exposed hepatic injury through MAPKs, apoptosis and Nrf2 signaling in experimental models. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 321:109044. [PMID: 32151596 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Overconsumption of alcohol could lead to severe liver injury that connects with oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammatory response. Previously, we proved that p-coumaric acid prevents ethanol induced reproductive toxicity; however, p-coumaric acid (PCA) on ethanol mediated hepatotoxicity has not been examined yet. In our work, we sought to study the potential of PCA in contradiction of ethanol induced hepatoxicity which linking with MAPKs, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and Nrf2 signaling. Foremost, we found that PCA could protect ethanol induced both L-02 and HepG2 hepatic cells by inhibiting cytotoxicity, ROS production, mitochondrial depolarization, and nuclear fragmentation. Also, in vivo experiments showed that the ethanol increasing the lipid markers (TBARS, CD) and depletes the antioxidants thereby increased phosphorylation of JNK, ERK, and p38 in rat liver tissues. Interestingly, PCA treatments inhibit ethanol exposed lipid markers and depletion of antioxidants, which directs the inhibition of MAPKs activation in rat liver tissues. We also noticed that the PCA protected ethanol induced apoptosis and liver markers by inhibiting the expression of Bax, caspases; AST, ALT, ALS, and LDH in liver tissue. Overall, the ameliorative consequence of PCA on ethanol induced oxidative stress and apoptosis was achieved by suppressing the expression of CYP2E1 and overexpressing Nrf2 and its target protein HO-1 in rat liver tissue. As a result, PCA was marked to be an effective antioxidant with notable hepatoprotection by inhibiting MAPKs and apoptosis signaling via enhancing Nrf2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramakrishnan Sabitha
- Department of Biomedical Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kumari Nishi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Balupillai Agilan
- Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkadu, 632115, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annnamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ernest David
- Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkadu, 632115, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Govindhan Annamalai
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annnamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajamanickam Vinothkumar
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive and Intervention Research, Lishui Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Malliga Perumal
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 024, India
| | - Latha Subbiah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Anna University, Bharathidasan Institute of Technology Campus, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mathan Ganeshan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Sun B, Hu N, Han L, Pi Y, Gao Y, Chen K. Anticancer activity of green synthesised gold nanoparticles from Marsdenia tenacissima inhibits A549 cell proliferation through the apoptotic pathway. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 47:4012-4019. [PMID: 31591910 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1575844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as the most excellent anticancer theranostic nanoparticles were synthesized through efficient, simple, and green synthesis method using Marsdenia tenacissima plant extracts and they are widely characterized by several techniques including ultraviolet-visible (UV) spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometers (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. From the AuNPs synthesized by M. tenacissima extracts, it was discovered that particle size around 50 nm, which is admirable nano dimension, was achieved by plant-mediated synthesis. After characterization of these nanoparticles, they performed as in vitro anticancer activity against lung cancer cell lines (A549). MTT assay revealed that AuNPs produce toxicity based on the dose-dependent A549 cells growth inhibition. AuNPs treatment activates caspase expression and down-regulates the anti-apoptotic protein expression in A549 cells. Our results point out that the AuNPs from M. tenacissima extract are apposite stabilizing agents, which serve as an effective anticancer agent against lung cancer cell lines (A549).
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Affiliation(s)
- Butong Sun
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , Jilin Province , China
| | - Nanjun Hu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , Jilin Province , China
| | - Leng Han
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , Jilin Province , China
| | - Yanan Pi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , Jilin Province , China
| | - Yu Gao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , Jilin Province , China
| | - Kang Chen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , Jilin Province , China
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Zhang JA, Luan C, Huang D, Ju M, Chen K, Gu H. Induction of Autophagy by Baicalin Through the AMPK-mTOR Pathway Protects Human Skin Fibroblasts from Ultraviolet B Radiation-Induced Apoptosis. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:417-428. [PMID: 32099326 PMCID: PMC6996114 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s228047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Baicalin, a natural product isolated from Scutellaria radix, has been reported to exert anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic effects on skin, but the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the possible mechanism of anti-UVB effect of baicalin in human skin fibroblasts. Methods Cell proliferation was estimated by CCK-8 Kit. Apoptotic incidence was detected by flow cytometry with Annexin V-PE/PI apoptosis detection kit. Autophagy was determined by the evaluation of fluorescent LC3 puncta and Western blotting. Cell signalling was analysed by Western blotting. Results Baicalin exerted cytoprotective effects in UVB-induced HSFs. Moreover, baicalin increased autophagy and suppressed UVB-induced apoptosis of HSFs. Pretreatment with 3-MA, an autophagy inhibitor, attenuated baicalin-induced HSFs autophagy and promoted apoptosis. Baicalin activated AMPK, which leads to suppression of basal mTOR activity in cultured HSFs. Administration of compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, abrogated AMPK phosphorylation and increased mTOR phosphorylation and apoptosis compared with baicalin alone. Conclusion Taken together, these results indicate the important role of mTOR inhibition in UVB protection by baicalin and provide a new target and strategy for better prevention of UV-induced skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-An Zhang
- Institute of Dermatology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Luan
- Institute of Dermatology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Huang
- Institute of Dermatology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Ju
- Institute of Dermatology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Chen
- Institute of Dermatology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Gu
- Institute of Dermatology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Yoshihisa Y, Andoh T, Rehman MU, Shimizu T. The regulation of protein kinase casein kinase II by apigenin is involved in the inhibition of ultraviolet B-induced macrophage migration inhibitory factor-mediated hyperpigmentation. Phytother Res 2019; 34:1320-1328. [PMID: 31840901 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation elicits melanogenesis and pigmentation in the skin. Apigenin (4',5,7-trihydroxyflavone [AGN]) is a plant flavone contained in various herbs, fruits, and vegetables. We herein investigated antimelanogenic properties of AGN and the molecular mechanisms of the action of AGN. In UVB-treated mice, AGN inhibited cutaneous hyperpigmentation and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) expression as a melanogenesis-related key factor. In mouse keratinocytes, AGN inhibited the expression of MIF and also the related factors (e.g., stem cell factor and proteinase-activated receptor 2) induced by MIF. In addition to ellagic acid as a casein kinase II (CK2) inhibitor, AGN suppressed CK2 enzymatic activity and UVB-induced CK2 expression and subsequent phosphorylation of IκB and MIF expression. These results suggest that AGN inhibits UVB-induced hyperpigmentation through the regulation of CK2-mediated MIF expression in keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Yoshihisa
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Tsugunobu Andoh
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Mati Ur Rehman
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Tadamichi Shimizu
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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Apigenin restores impairment of autophagy and downregulation of unfolded protein response regulatory proteins in keratinocytes exposed to ultraviolet B radiation. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 194:84-95. [PMID: 30933875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV)-B radiation is a major environmental risk factor that is responsible for the development and progression of many skin cancers. Apigenin, a type of bioflavonoid, has been reported to inhibit UVB-induced skin cancer. However, how apigenin functions in keratinocytes with UV damage remains unclear. In this study, by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay, we found that apigenin treatment increased cell death in the primary human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKs) and the cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma cell line COLO-16. Apigenin treatment reduced microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)-II turnover, acridine orange staining and GFP-LC3 puncta in both cell types, suggesting autophagy inhibition. However, apigenin treatment restored the inhibition of autophagy in UVB-challenged HEKs. Moreover, apigenin treatment restored the UVB-induced downregulation of ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM), ataxia-telangiectasia, Rad3-related (ATR) and the unfolded protein response (UPR) regulatory proteins, BiP, IRE1α and PERK in HEKs. Apigenin treatment also inhibited UVB-induced apoptosis and cell death in HEKs. In addition, autophagy inhibition by autophagy-related gene (ATG) 5 RNA interference interrupted apigenin-induced restoration of ATR, ATM and BiP, which were downregulated in HEKs exposed to UVB radiation. Our findings indicate that apigenin exhibits a novel protective effect in keratinocytes with UVB damage, suggesting potential application as a photoprotective agent.
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Righini S, Rodriguez EJ, Berosich C, Grotewold E, Casati P, Falcone Ferreyra ML. Apigenin produced by maize flavone synthase I and II protects plants against UV-B-induced damage. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:495-508. [PMID: 30160312 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Flavones, one of the largest groups of flavonoids, have beneficial effects on human health and are considered of high nutritional value. Previously, we demonstrated that maize type I flavone synthase (ZmFNSI) is one of the enzymes responsible for the synthesis of O-glycosyl flavones in floral tissues. However, in related species such as rice and sorghum, type II FNS enzymes also contribute to flavone biosynthesis. In this work, we provide evidence that maize has both one FNSI and one FNSII flavone synthases. Arabidopsis transgenic plants expressing each FNS enzyme were generated to validate the role of flavones in protecting plants against UV-B radiation. Here, we demostrate that ZmCYP93G7 (FNSII) has flavone synthase activity and is able to complement the Arabidopsis dmr6 mutant, restoring the susceptibility to Pseudomonas syringae. ZmFNSII expression is controlled by the C1/PL1 + R/B anthocyanin transcriptional complexes, and both ZmFNSI and ZmFNSII are regulated by UV-B. Arabidopsis transgenic plants expressing ZmFNSI or ZmFNSII that accumulate apigenin exhibit less UV-B-induced damage than wild-type plants. Together, we show that maize has two FNS-type enzymes that participate in the synthesis of apigenin, conferring protection against UV-B radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Righini
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Eduardo José Rodriguez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Carla Berosich
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Erich Grotewold
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Paula Casati
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
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Duan X, Wu T, Liu T, Yang H, Ding X, Chen Y, Mu Y. Vicenin-2 ameliorates oxidative damage and photoaging via modulation of MAPKs and MMPs signaling in UVB radiation exposed human skin cells. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 190:76-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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29
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NilamberLal Das R, Muruhan S, Nagarajan RP, Balupillai A. Naringin prevents ultraviolet-B radiation-induced oxidative damage and inflammation through activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ in mouse embryonic fibroblast (NIH-3T3) cells. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2018; 33:e22263. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sridevi Muruhan
- Department of Biotechnology; Vinayaka Mission's Kirupananda Variyar Engineering College; Salem India
| | | | - Agilan Balupillai
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology; Annamalai University; Chidambaram India
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Zhong Y, Jin C, Wang X, Li X, Han J, Xue W, Wu P, Peng X, Xia X. Protective effects of apigenin against 3-MCPD-induced renal injury in rat. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 296:9-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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31
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Brand RM, Wipf P, Durham A, Epperly MW, Greenberger JS, Falo LD. Targeting Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress to Mitigate UV-Induced Skin Damage. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:920. [PMID: 30177881 PMCID: PMC6110189 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Unmitigated UV radiation (UVR) induces skin photoaging and multiple forms of cutaneous carcinoma by complex pathways that include those mediated by UV-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS). Upon UVR exposure, a cascade of events is induced that overwhelms the skin’s natural antioxidant defenses and results in DNA damage, intracellular lipid and protein peroxidation, and the dysregulation of pathways that modulate inflammatory and apoptotic responses. To this end, natural products with potent antioxidant properties have been developed to prevent, mitigate, or reverse this damage with varying degrees of success. Mitochondria are particularly susceptible to ROS and subsequent DNA damage as they are a major intracellular source of oxidants. Therefore, the development of mitochondrially targeted agents to mitigate mitochondrial oxidative stress and resulting DNA damage is a logical approach to prevent and treat UV-induced skin damage. We summarize evidence that some existing natural products may reduce mitochondrial oxidative stress and support for synthetically generated mitochondrial targeted cyclic nitroxides as potential alternatives for the prevention and mitigation of UVR-induced skin damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhonda M Brand
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Peter Wipf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Austin Durham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Michael W Epperly
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Joel S Greenberger
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Louis D Falo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Balupillai A, Nagarajan RP, Ramasamy K, Govindasamy K, Muthusamy G. Caffeic acid prevents UVB radiation induced photocarcinogenesis through regulation of PTEN signaling in human dermal fibroblasts and mouse skin. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 352:87-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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