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Ferreira MF, Turner A, Payet M, Grisolia C, Malard V, Moore MN, Jha AN. Bioaccumulation and biological effects of hydrogenated cement particles in the marine bivalve, Mytilusgalloprovincialis. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 359:142243. [PMID: 38759810 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
The decommissioning and normal functioning of nuclear facilities can result in the production and release of airborne particles in the environment. Aquatic biota are expected to be exposed to these particles considering that nuclear facilities are often located near water bodies. Aerosols, such as cement dust, can interact with radionuclides as well as with heavy metals, and therefore elicit not only radiological impacts but also chemical toxicity. In the present study, we aimed to determine the effects of hydrogenated cement particles (HCPs) as a first step before evaluating any radiotoxicity of tritiated cement particles in the marine mussels, Mytilus galloprovincialis. Responses at different levels of biological organisation were assessed, including clearance rate (CR), tissue specific accumulation, DNA damage and transcriptional expression of key stress related genes. Acute (5 h) and medium-term, chronic (11 d) exposures to 1000 μg L-1 HCPs showed that bioaccumulation, assessed using Cu as a proxy and determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, was time and tissue dependent. The highest levels of Cu were found in the digestive gland (DG) after 11 d. HCP exposure caused changes in the expression of oxidative and other stress-related genes, including mt20 in DG and gst and sod in the gill after 5 h exposure, while an overexpression of hsp70 in the gill was observed after 11 d. Genotoxic effects in haemocytes were observed after 11 d of HCP exposure. Multivariate analysis indicated that oxidative stress is the most probable factor contributing to overall physiological dysfunction. Our results provide a baseline to perform further studies employing tritiated cement particles. Specifically, future work should focus on the DG since only this tissue showed significant bioaccumulation when compared to the negative control.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Florencia Ferreira
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Turner
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Veronique Malard
- Aix Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France
| | - Michael N Moore
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, United Kingdom; European Centre for Environment & Human Health (ECEHH), University of Exeter Medical School, Knowledge Spa, Royal Cornwall Hospital, Cornwall, TR1 3LJ, United Kingdom; Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, United Kingdom
| | - Awadhesh N Jha
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, United Kingdom.
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Mandil R, Prakash A, Rahal A, Koli S, Kumar R, Garg SK. Evaluation of oxidative stress-mediated cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of copper and flubendiamide: amelioration by antioxidants in vivo and in vitro. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2023; 12:232-252. [PMID: 37125329 PMCID: PMC10141782 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfad011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Present study was designed to evaluate toxic effects of copper (Cu) (@ 33 mg/kg b.wt.) and flubendimide (Flb) (@ 200 mg/kg b.wt.) alone and/or in combination on blood-biochemical indices, oxidative stress, and drug metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) in vivo in male Wistar rats following oral exposure continuously for 90 days and their immunotoxic (cyto-genotoxic and apoptotic) potential in vitro on thymocytes. In in vivo study, ameliorative potential of α-tocopherol was assessed, whereas α-tocopherol, curcumin, resveratrol, and catechin were evaluated for protective effect in vitro. Significantly (P < 0.05) increased AST activity and increment in total bilirubin, uric acid, creatinine, and BUN levels; however, reduction in total protein, GSH content, reduced activities of SOD and GST, and increased lipid peroxidation and GPx activity with severe degenerative changes in histopathological examination of liver and kidney in group of Cu and Flb were observed. Treatment with α-tocopherol improved biochemical variables, redox status, and histoarchitecture of liver and kidney tissues. Reduced hepatic CYP450, CYPb5, APH, UGT, and GST activities observed in both Cu and α-tocopherol alone and their combination groups, whereas significant increment in Flb alone, while α-tocopherol in combination with xenobiotics improved the activities of hepatic DMEs. Primary cell culture of thymocytes (106 cells/ml) exposed to Cu and Flb each @ 40 μM increased TUNEL+ve cells, micronuclei induction, DNA shearing, and comet formation establishes their apoptotic and genotoxic potential, whereas treatment with antioxidants showed concentration-dependent significant reduction and their order of potency on equimolar concentration (10 μM) basis is: curcumin > resveratrol > catechin = α-tocopherol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Mandil
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut 250110, India
| | - Atul Prakash
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut 250110, India
| | - Anu Rahal
- Central Institute for Research on Goat (CIRG), Makhdoom, Farah, Mathura 281122, India
| | - Swati Koli
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut 250110, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pt. Deen Dayal Upadhyay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishvidyalay Evam Go- Anushandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Near Civil Line, Mathura 281001, India
| | - Satish K Garg
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut 250110, India
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Jesus F, Mesquita F, Virumbrales Aldama E, Marques A, Gonçalves AMM, Magalhães L, Nogueira AJA, Ré A, Campos I, Pereira JL, Gonçalves FJM, Abrantes N, Serpa D. Do Freshwater and Marine Bivalves Differ in Their Response to Wildfire Ash? Effects on the Antioxidant Defense System and Metal Body Burden. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1326. [PMID: 36674083 PMCID: PMC9859076 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Wildfires constitute a source of contamination to both freshwater and marine ecosystems. This study aimed to compare the antioxidant defense response of the freshwater clam Corbicula fluminea and the marine cockle (Cerastoderma edule) to wildfire ash exposure and the concomitant metal body burden. Organisms were exposed to different concentrations (0%, 12.5%, 25%, 50%, and 100%) of aqueous extracts of Eucalypt ash (AEAs) from a moderate-to-high severity wildfire. The activity of various enzymes, as well as lipid peroxidation, protein content, and metal body burden, were determined after 96 h of exposure. A significant increase in the protein content of soft tissues was observed for C. edule at AEA concentrations ≥ 25%, unlike for C. fluminea. Similarly, significant effects on lipid peroxidation were observed for cockles, but not for clams. For both species, a significant effect in the total glutathione peroxidase activity was observed at AEA concentrations ≥ 25%. Relative to the control, AEAs-exposed clams showed higher Cd content, whereas AEAs-exposed cockles showed higher Cu content, thus exhibiting different responses to the exposure to wildfire ash. The susceptibility of bivalves to ashes, at environmentally relevant concentrations, raises concern about the effects of post-fire runoff to bivalve species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Jesus
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Filipa Mesquita
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Elisa Virumbrales Aldama
- Faculty of Veterinary and Experimental Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia, Calle Guillem de Castro 94, 46001 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Marques
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana M. M. Gonçalves
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- University of Coimbra, MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET—Aquatic Research Network, Department of Life Sciences, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luísa Magalhães
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - António J. A. Nogueira
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Ré
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Isabel Campos
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Joana Luísa Pereira
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Fernando J. M. Gonçalves
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Nelson Abrantes
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Dalila Serpa
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Castro JM, Bianchi VA, Felici E, De Anna JS, Venturino A, Luquet CM. Effects of Dietary Copper and Escherichia coli Challenge on the Immune Response and Gill Oxidative Balance in the Freshwater Mussel Diplodon chilensis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:154-165. [PMID: 36282013 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Copper is a water and sediment pollutant that can be biomagnified by phytoplankton, and it often co-occurs with fecal bacteria. We addressed the combined effects of copper and Escherichia coli on the immune response and gill oxidative balance of the freshwater mussel Diplodon chilensis. Bivalves were sorted into four groups fed with 1) control algae, 2) bacteria (E. coli), 3) copper-enriched algae (Cu2+ ) algae, and 4) copper-enriched algae followed by bacteria (Cu2+ + E. coli). Cellular and humoral immune and cytotoxic variables were analyzed in hemolymph, and detoxifying/antioxidant enzyme activities (glutathione S-transferase [GST] and catalase [CAT]) and lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances [TBARS]) were studied in gill tissue. The total hemocyte number increased after Cu2+ exposure, independently of the E. coli challenge. The proportion of hyalinocytes significantly diminished in the E. coli and Cu2+ groups but not in Cu2+ + E. coli groups; granulocytes significantly increased with E. coli but not with Cu2+ + E. coli treatments. Phagocytic activity was higher in all treatments than in control mussels. Acid phosphatase activity was increased by E. coli and inhibited by Cu2+ and Cu2+ + E. coli. Both E. coli and Cu2+ but not Cu2+ + E. coli augmented alkaline phosphatase activity. The Cu2+ and Cu2+ + E. coli treatments reduced the lysosomal membrane stability and cell viability. Humoral bacteriolytic and phenol oxidase activities were not affected by any treatment. The Cu2+ treatment induced gill CAT and GST activities and increased TBARS levels. The Cu2+ + E. coli treatment reversed this CAT and GST stimulation and increased the Cu2+ effect on TBARS. Dietary Cu2+ affects bivalves' immunological and oxidative status and impairs defensive responses against bacteria. In turn, E. coli potentiates the gill oxidative effects of Cu2+ . Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:154-165. © 2022 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Castro
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Subsede Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Junín de los Andes, Neuquén, Argentina
| | - Virginia A Bianchi
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Subsede Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Junín de los Andes, Neuquén, Argentina
| | - Emiliano Felici
- Instituto de Química de San Luis, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Julieta S De Anna
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Subsede Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Junín de los Andes, Neuquén, Argentina
| | - Andrés Venturino
- Centro de Investigaciones en Toxicología Ambiental y Agrobiotecnología del Comahue (CITAAC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnica-Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Neuquén, Argentina
| | - Carlos M Luquet
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Subsede Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Junín de los Andes, Neuquén, Argentina
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Jeremias G, Veloso T, Gonçalves FJM, Van Nieuwerburgh F, Pereira JL, Asselman J. Multigenerational DNA methylation responses to copper exposure in Daphnia: Potential targets for epigenetic biomarkers? CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136231. [PMID: 36055596 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms are moving to the forefront of environmental sciences, as environmentally induced epigenetic changes shape biological responses to chemical contamination. This work focused on Daphnia as a representative of potentially threatened freshwater biota, aiming to gain an insight into the involvement of epigenetic mechanisms in their response and eventual adaptation to metal contamination. Copper-induced DNA methylation changes, their potential transgenerational inheritance, and life-history traits were assessed. Organisms with different histories of past exposure to copper were exposed to toxic levels of the element for one generation (F0) and then monitored for three subsequent unexposed generations (F1, F2, and F3). Overall, methylation changes targeted important genes for counteracting the effects of metals and oxidative stress, including dynein light chain, ribosomal kinase and nuclear fragile X mental retardation-interacting protein. Also, contrasting overall and gene-specific methylation responses were observed in organisms differing in their history of exposure to copper, with different transgenerational methylation responses being also identified among the two groups, without apparent life-history costs. Taken together, these results demonstrate the capacity of copper to promote epigenetic transgenerational inheritance in a manner related explicitly to history of exposure, thereby supporting the development and incorporation of epigenetic biomarkers in risk assessment frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Jeremias
- Department of Biology & CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Telma Veloso
- Department of Biology & CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Portugal; CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Fernando J M Gonçalves
- Department of Biology & CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - Joana Luísa Pereira
- Department of Biology & CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Jana Asselman
- Blue Growth Research Lab, Ghent University, Bluebridge Building, Ostend Science Park 1, 8400, Ostend, Belgium
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6
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Vernon EL, Jha AN, Ferreira MF, Slomberg DL, Malard V, Grisolia C, Payet M, Turner A. Bioaccumulation, release and genotoxicity of stainless steel particles in marine bivalve molluscs. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:134914. [PMID: 35588874 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
During the decommissioning and removal of radioactive material in nuclear facilities, fine, tritiated dusts of stainless steel, cement or tungsten are generated that could be accidently released to the environment. However, the potential radio- and ecotoxicological effects these tritiated particles may have are unknown. In this study, stainless steel particles (SSPs) representative of those likely to be tritiated are manufactured by hydrogenation and their tissue-specific bioaccumulation, release (depuration) and subsequent genotoxic response have been studied in the marine mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis, as a baseline for future assessments of the potential effects of tritiated SSPs. Exposure to 1000 μg L-1 of SSPs and adopting Cr as a proxy for stainless steel revealed relatively rapid accumulation (∼5 h) in the various mussel tissues but mostly in the digestive gland. Over longer periods up to 18 days, SSPs were readily rejected and egested as faecal material. DNA strand breaks, as a measure of genotoxicity, were determined at each time point in mussel haemocytes using single cell gel electrophoresis, or the comet assay. Lack of chemical genotoxicity was attributed to the rapid processing of SSP particles and limited dissolution of elemental components of steel. Further work employing tritiated SSPs will enable radio-toxicology to be studied without the confounding effects of chemical toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Vernon
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Awadhesh N Jha
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Maria F Ferreira
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Danielle L Slomberg
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Veronique Malard
- Aix Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France
| | | | | | - Andrew Turner
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom.
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Le TTY, Grabner D, Nachev M, Peijnenburg WJGM, Hendriks AJ, Sures B. Modelling copper toxicokinetics in the zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha, under chronic exposures at various pH and sodium concentrations. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 267:129278. [PMID: 33341731 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The stenohaline zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha, is uniquely sensitive to the ionic composition of its aquatic environment. Waterborne copper (Cu) uptake and accumulation in zebra mussels were examined at various conditions in an environmentally relevant range in freshwater, i.e. Cu exposure levels (nominal concentrations of 25 and 50 μg/L), pH (5.8-8.3), and sodium (Na+) concentrations (up to 4.0 mM). Copper accumulation was simulated by a kinetic model covering two compartments, the gills and the remaining tissues. The Cu uptake rate constant decreased with decreasing pH from 8.3 down to 6.5, indicating interactions between H+ and Cu at uptake sites. The kinetic simulation showed dose-dependent effects of Na+ on Cu uptake. At 25 μg/L Cu, addition of Na+ at 0.5 mM significantly inhibited the Cu uptake rate, while no significant differences were found in the uptake rate upon further addition of Na+ up to a concentration of 4.0 mM. At 50 μg/L Cu, the Cu uptake rate was not influenced by Na+ addition. Calibration results exhibited dose-dependent elimination rates with more profound elimination with increasing exposure levels. With kinetic parameters calibrated at environmentally relevant conditions, in terms of pH and Na+ concentrations, the model performed well in predicting Cu accumulation based on independent data sets. Estimates of the Cu concentration in mussels were within a factor of 2 of the measurements. This demonstrates potential application of kinetic models that are calibrated in environmentally relevant freshwater conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Yen Le
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, D-45141, Germany.
| | - Daniel Grabner
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, D-45141, Germany
| | - Milen Nachev
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, D-45141, Germany
| | - Willi J G M Peijnenburg
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, 2300, RA, Leiden, the Netherlands; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Center for Safety of Substances and Products, 3720, BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - A Jan Hendriks
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, 6525, HP, the Netherlands
| | - Bernd Sures
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, D-45141, Germany
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Alnajar N, Jha AN, Turner A. Impacts of microplastic fibres on the marine mussel, Mytilus galloprovinciallis. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 262:128290. [PMID: 33182139 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tumble dryer lint has been employed as a surrogate for synthetic and processed (microplastic) fibres discharged to the environment from laundering activities and exposed to marine mussels (Mytilus galloprovinciallis) in controlled experiments for a period of 7 d. A range of biological responses at different levels of organisation were subsequently determined, with copper employed concurrently as a positive control. Physiological changes were assessed from measurements of clearance rate, histopathological effects were evaluated from abnormalities in (or injuries to) gill and digestive gland tissues, and genetic damage was determined by measuring DNA strand breaks using the comet assay. With increasing lint concentration (over the range 56-180 mg L-1) we observed a reduction in mean clearance rate, increasing extents of abnormality in both gills (e.g. deciliation and hypertrophy) and digestive gland (e.g. atrophy and necrosis), and an increase in damage to DNA. The precise causes of these effects are unclear but likely arise from both the fibrous material itself and from chemicals (e.g. additives and metals) that are mobilised from the polymers into seawater or the digestive tract. The latter assertion is consistent with an observed increase in the release of certain trace elements (e.g. zinc) into the exposure medium with increasing lint concentration. Although microfibre concentrations we employed are significantly greater than those typically encountered in the environment, the results indicate the potential for this type of material to exert a range of adverse effects on exposed marine animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nashami Alnajar
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Awadhesh N Jha
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Andrew Turner
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK.
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9
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Vernon EL, Moore MN, Bean TP, Jha AN. Evaluation of interactive effects of phosphorus-32 and copper on marine and freshwater bivalve mollusks. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 98:1106-1119. [PMID: 32970511 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1823032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Contaminants seldom occur in isolation in the aquatic environment. While pollution of coastal and inland water bodies has received considerable attention to date, there is limited information on potential interactive effects between radionuclides and metals. Whether by accidental or controlled release, such contaminants co-exist in aquatic ecosystems and can pose an enhanced threat to biota. Using a range of biological responses, the study aimed to evaluate relative interactive effects on representative freshwater and marine bivalve species. METHODS An integrated, multi-biomarker approach was adopted to investigate response to copper (Cu, 18 μg L-1), a known environmentally relevant genotoxic metal and differing concentrations of phosphorus-32 (32P; 0.1 and 1 mGy d-1), alone and in combination in marine (Mytilus galloprovincialis) and freshwater (Dreissena polymorpha) mussels. Genetic and molecular biomarkers were determined post-exposure and included DNA damage (as measured by the comet assay), micronuclei (MN) formation, γ-H2AX foci induction and the expression of key stress-related genes (i.e. hsp70/90, sod, cat, gst). RESULTS Overall, using a tissue-specific (i.e. gill and digestive gland) approach, genotoxic response was reflective of exposures where Cu had a slight additive effect on 32P-induced damage across the species (but not all), cell types and dose rates. Multivariate analysis found significant correlations between comet and γ-H2AX assays, across both the tissues. Transcriptional expression of selected genes were generally unaltered in response to contaminant exposures, independent of species or tissues. CONCLUSIONS Our study is the first to explore the interactive effects of ionizing radiation (IR) and Cu on two bivalve species representing two ecological habitats. The complexity of IR-metal interactions demonstrate that extrapolation of findings obtained from single stressor studies into field conditions could be misrepresentative of real-world environments. In turn, environmental protective strategies deemed suitable in protecting biota from a single, isolated stressor may not be wholly adequate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Vernon
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Michael N Moore
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK.,European Centre for Environment and Human Health (ECEHH), University of Exeter Medical School, Truro, UK.,Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, UK
| | | | - Awadhesh N Jha
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
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10
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Mearns AJ, Morrison AM, Arthur C, Rutherford N, Bissell M, Rempel-Hester MA. Effects of pollution on marine organisms. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2020; 92:1510-1532. [PMID: 32671886 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This review covers selected 2019 articles on the biological effects of pollutants, including human physical disturbances, on marine and estuarine plants, animals, ecosystems, and habitats. The review, based largely on journal articles, covers field, and laboratory measurement activities (bioaccumulation of contaminants, field assessment surveys, toxicity testing, and biomarkers) as well as pollution issues of current interest including endocrine disrupters, emerging contaminants, wastewater discharges, marine debris, dredging, and disposal. Special emphasis is placed on effects of oil spills and marine debris due largely to the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil blowout in the Gulf of Mexico and proliferation of data on the assimilation and effects of marine debris microparticulates. Several topical areas reviewed in the past (e.g., mass mortalities ocean acidification) were dropped this year. The focus of this review is on effects, not on pollutant sources, chemistry, fate, or transport. There is considerable overlap across subject areas (e.g., some bioaccumulation data may be appeared in other topical categories such as effects of wastewater discharges, or biomarker studies appearing in oil toxicity literature). Therefore, we strongly urge readers to use keyword searching of the text and references to locate related but distributed information. Although nearly 400 papers are cited, these now represent a fraction of the literature on these subjects. Use this review mainly as a starting point. And please consult the original papers before citing them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J Mearns
- Emergency Response Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | - Nicolle Rutherford
- Emergency Response Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Seattle, Washington
| | - Matt Bissell
- Emergency Response Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Seattle, Washington
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11
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Vernon EL, Bean TP, Jha AN. Assessing relative biomarker responses in marine and freshwater bivalve molluscs following exposure to phosphorus 32 ( 32P): Application of genotoxicological and molecular biomarkers. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2020; 213:106120. [PMID: 31783294 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2019.106120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic radionuclides can enter water bodies through accidental or controlled discharges. In order to assess their potential impact, understanding the link between exposure, tissue specific bioaccumulation and radiation dose rate, to biological or biomarker responses in aquatic biota is required. Adopting an integrated, multi-biomarker, multi-species approach, we have investigated potential biological responses induced by short-lived radionuclide, phosphorus-32 (32P, radiophosphorus) in two ecologically important mussel species, the freshwater Dreissena polymorpha (DP) and marine Mytilus galloprovincialis (MG). Adult individuals were exposed to 32P for 10 days, to acquire nominal whole-body average dose rates of 0.10, 1 and 10 mGy d-1, which encompass a screening value of 10 μGy h-1 (0.24 mGy d-1), in accordance with the ERICA tool. Following exposure, a suite of genotoxic biomarkers (DNA damage, γ-H2AX induction and micronucleus [MN] formation) were measured in gill and digestive gland tissues, along with transcriptional expression of selected stress-related genes in both the species (i.e. hsp70/90, sod, cat and gst). Our results demonstrate the relationship between tissue specific dosimetry, where 32P induced a dose-dependent increase, and biological responses independent of species. Gene expression analysis revealed little significant variation across species or tissues. Overall, MG appeared to be more sensitive to short-term damage (i.e. high DNA damage and γ-H2AX induction), particularly in digestive gland. This study contributes to limited knowledge on the transfer and biological impact of radionuclides within differing aquatic systems on a tissue specific level, aiding the development of adequate management and protective strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Vernon
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Tim P Bean
- Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Awadhesh N Jha
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK.
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12
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Barranger A, Rance GA, Aminot Y, Dallas LJ, Sforzini S, Weston NJ, Lodge RW, Banni M, Arlt VM, Moore MN, Readman JW, Viarengo A, Khlobystov AN, Jha AN. An integrated approach to determine interactive genotoxic and global gene expression effects of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) on marine mussels: evidence of reverse ‘Trojan Horse’ effects. Nanotoxicology 2019; 13:1324-1343. [DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2019.1654003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Barranger
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Graham A. Rance
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
- Nanoscale and Microscale Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Yann Aminot
- Centre for Chemical Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Lorna J. Dallas
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Susanna Sforzini
- Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Unit, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola J. Weston
- Nanoscale and Microscale Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Rhys W. Lodge
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
- Nanoscale and Microscale Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Mohamed Banni
- Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Unit, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, ISA chottMariem, Sousse University, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Volker M. Arlt
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, King’s College London, MRC-PHE Centre for Environmental & Health, London, UK
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards, King’s College London in Partnership with Public Health England and Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Michael N. Moore
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, UK
- European Centre for Environment & Human Health (ECEHH), University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Cornwall Hospital, Truro, UK
| | - James W. Readman
- Centre for Chemical Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, UK
| | - Aldo Viarengo
- Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Unit, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrei N. Khlobystov
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
- Nanoscale and Microscale Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Awadhesh N. Jha
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
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13
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Mišík M, Isidori M, Umbuzeiro G. Ecotoxicology: Conventional and new topics and methods. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2019; 842:1-2. [PMID: 31255216 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Mišík
- Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Marina Isidori
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi, 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Gisela Umbuzeiro
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Genotoxicity, School of Technology, University of Campinas, Limeira, SP, Brazil
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