5
|
Meissner WG, Remy P, Giordana C, Maltête D, Derkinderen P, Houéto JL, Anheim M, Benatru I, Boraud T, Brefel-Courbon C, Carrière N, Catala H, Colin O, Corvol JC, Damier P, Dellapina E, Devos D, Drapier S, Fabbri M, Ferrier V, Foubert-Samier A, Frismand-Kryloff S, Georget A, Germain C, Grimaldi S, Hardy C, Hopes L, Krystkowiak P, Laurens B, Lefaucheur R, Mariani LL, Marques A, Marse C, Ory-Magne F, Rigalleau V, Salhi H, Saubion A, Stott SRW, Thalamas C, Thiriez C, Tir M, Wyse RK, Benard A, Rascol O. Trial of Lixisenatide in Early Parkinson's Disease. N Engl J Med 2024; 390:1176-1185. [PMID: 38598572 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2312323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lixisenatide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist used for the treatment of diabetes, has shown neuroprotective properties in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. METHODS In this phase 2, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, we assessed the effect of lixisenatide on the progression of motor disability in persons with Parkinson's disease. Participants in whom Parkinson's disease was diagnosed less than 3 years earlier, who were receiving a stable dose of medications to treat symptoms, and who did not have motor complications were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to daily subcutaneous lixisenatide or placebo for 12 months, followed by a 2-month washout period. The primary end point was the change from baseline in scores on the Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) part III (range, 0 to 132, with higher scores indicating greater motor disability), which was assessed in patients in the on-medication state at 12 months. Secondary end points included other MDS-UPDRS subscores at 6, 12, and 14 months and doses of levodopa equivalent. RESULTS A total of 156 persons were enrolled, with 78 assigned to each group. MDS-UPDRS part III scores at baseline were approximately 15 in both groups. At 12 months, scores on the MDS-UPDRS part III had changed by -0.04 points (indicating improvement) in the lixisenatide group and 3.04 points (indicating worsening disability) in the placebo group (difference, 3.08; 95% confidence interval, 0.86 to 5.30; P = 0.007). At 14 months, after a 2-month washout period, the mean MDS-UPDRS motor scores in the off-medication state were 17.7 (95% CI, 15.7 to 19.7) with lixisenatide and 20.6 (95% CI, 18.5 to 22.8) with placebo. Other results relative to the secondary end points did not differ substantially between the groups. Nausea occurred in 46% of participants receiving lixisenatide, and vomiting occurred in 13%. CONCLUSIONS In participants with early Parkinson's disease, lixisenatide therapy resulted in less progression of motor disability than placebo at 12 months in a phase 2 trial but was associated with gastrointestinal side effects. Longer and larger trials are needed to determine the effects and safety of lixisenatide in persons with Parkinson's disease. (Funded by the French Ministry of Health and others; LIXIPARK ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03439943.).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wassilios G Meissner
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Philippe Remy
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Caroline Giordana
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - David Maltête
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Pascal Derkinderen
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Jean-Luc Houéto
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Mathieu Anheim
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Isabelle Benatru
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Thomas Boraud
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Christine Brefel-Courbon
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Nicolas Carrière
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Hélène Catala
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Olivier Colin
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Jean-Christophe Corvol
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Philippe Damier
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Estelle Dellapina
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - David Devos
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Sophie Drapier
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Margherita Fabbri
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Vanessa Ferrier
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Alexandra Foubert-Samier
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Solène Frismand-Kryloff
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Aurore Georget
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Christine Germain
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Stéphane Grimaldi
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Clémence Hardy
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Lucie Hopes
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Pierre Krystkowiak
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Brice Laurens
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Romain Lefaucheur
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Louise-Laure Mariani
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Ana Marques
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Claire Marse
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Fabienne Ory-Magne
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Vincent Rigalleau
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Hayet Salhi
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Amandine Saubion
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Simon R W Stott
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Claire Thalamas
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Claire Thiriez
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Mélissa Tir
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Richard K Wyse
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Antoine Benard
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Olivier Rascol
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Marques A, Pereira B, Simonetta-Moreau M, Castelnovo G, De Verdal M, Fluchère F, Laurencin C, Degos B, Tir M, Kreisler A, Blanchet-Fourcade G, Guehl D, Colin O, Poujois A, Sangla S, Tatu L, Derost P, Gayraud D, Tranchant C, Amarantini D, Devos D, Rascol O, Corvol JC, Durif F, Rieu I. Trial of Botulinum Toxin for Isolated or Essential Head Tremor. N Engl J Med 2023; 389:1753-1765. [PMID: 37937777 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2304192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Local injections of botulinum toxin type A have been used to treat essential head tremor but have not been extensively studied in randomized trials. METHODS In a multicenter, double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned, in a 1:1 ratio, adult patients with essential or isolated head tremor to receive botulinum toxin type A or placebo. Botulinum toxin or placebo was injected under electromyographic guidance into each splenius capitis muscle on the day of randomization (day 0) and during week 12. The primary outcome was improvement by at least 2 points on the Clinical Global Impression of Change (CGI) scale at week 6 after the second injection (week 18 after randomization). The CGI scale was used to record the patient's assessment of the degree of improvement or worsening of head tremor since baseline; scores range from 3 (very much improved) to -3 (very much worse). Secondary outcomes included changes in tremor characteristics from baseline to weeks 6, 12, and 24. RESULTS A total of 120 patients were enrolled; 3 patients were excluded during screening, and 117 patients were randomly assigned to receive botulinum toxin (62 patients) or placebo (55 patients) and were included in the intention-to-treat analysis. Twelve patients in the botulinum toxin group and 2 patients in the placebo group did not receive injections during week 12. The primary outcome - improvement by at least 2 points on the CGI scale at week 18 - was met by 31% of the patients in the botulinum toxin group as compared with 9% of those in the placebo group (relative risk, 3.37; 95% confidence interval, 1.35 to 8.42; P = 0.009). Analyses of secondary outcomes at 6 and 12 weeks but not at 24 weeks were generally supportive of the primary-outcome analysis. Adverse events occurred in approximately half the patients in the botulinum toxin group and included head and neck pain, posterior cervical weakness, and dysphagia. CONCLUSIONS Injection of botulinum toxin into each splenius capitis muscle on day 0 and during week 12 was more effective than placebo in reducing the severity of isolated or essential head tremor at 18 weeks but not at 24 weeks, when the effects of injection might be expected to wane, and was associated with adverse events. (Funded by the French Ministry of Health; Btx-HT ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02555982.).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Marques
- From the Department of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Image Guided Clinical Neurosciences and Connectomics, Institut Pascal (A.M., P.D., F.D., I.R.), and CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clinical Research Department, Biostatistics Unit (B.P.), Clermont-Ferrand, the Clinical Investigation Center 1436, the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neurosciences, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, INSERM, University Hospital of Toulouse and University of Toulouse 3 (M.S.-M., O.R.), and Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Université Paul Sabatier (D.A.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie, CHU Caremeau, Nîmes (G.C., M.D.V.), the Department of Neurology and Movement Disorders, Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille (F.F.), Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM, Unité 1028, CNRS, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5292, Neuroplasticity and Neuropathology of Olfactory Perception Team, Service de Neurologie C, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon (C.L.), the Neurology Department, Avicenne Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Paris-Seine Saint Denis, Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny (B.D.), Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM Unité 1050, Université PSL (B.D.), the Neurology Department (A.P.) and Unité Parkinson (S.S.), Rothschild Foundation Hospital, and Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle, INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and the Department of Neurology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière (J.-C.C.), Paris, the Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Expert Center for Parkinson's Disease, EA 4559 Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologie, University of Picardy Jules Verne, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens (M.T., D.D.), the University of Lille, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Team DVCD, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé 1172, CHU Lille, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Expert Center of Parkinson's Disease, Lille Center of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Centers of Excellence in Neurodegeneration, Lille (A.K.), Service de Neurologie, Narbonne Hospital Centre, Narbonne (G.B.-F.), CHU de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, CNRS, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux (D. Guehl), the Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Poitiers, INSERM, CHU de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1402, Poitiers (O.C.), the Department of Neuromuscular Diseases and Department of Anatomy, CHRU Besançon, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon (L.T.), Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal Aix-Pertuis, Site d'Aix-en-Provence, Aix-en-Provence (D. Gayraud), and the Department of Neurology, CHU Hautepierre, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS UMR 7104, Illkirch, and Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg (C.T.) - all in France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- From the Department of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Image Guided Clinical Neurosciences and Connectomics, Institut Pascal (A.M., P.D., F.D., I.R.), and CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clinical Research Department, Biostatistics Unit (B.P.), Clermont-Ferrand, the Clinical Investigation Center 1436, the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neurosciences, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, INSERM, University Hospital of Toulouse and University of Toulouse 3 (M.S.-M., O.R.), and Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Université Paul Sabatier (D.A.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie, CHU Caremeau, Nîmes (G.C., M.D.V.), the Department of Neurology and Movement Disorders, Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille (F.F.), Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM, Unité 1028, CNRS, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5292, Neuroplasticity and Neuropathology of Olfactory Perception Team, Service de Neurologie C, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon (C.L.), the Neurology Department, Avicenne Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Paris-Seine Saint Denis, Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny (B.D.), Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM Unité 1050, Université PSL (B.D.), the Neurology Department (A.P.) and Unité Parkinson (S.S.), Rothschild Foundation Hospital, and Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle, INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and the Department of Neurology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière (J.-C.C.), Paris, the Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Expert Center for Parkinson's Disease, EA 4559 Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologie, University of Picardy Jules Verne, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens (M.T., D.D.), the University of Lille, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Team DVCD, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé 1172, CHU Lille, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Expert Center of Parkinson's Disease, Lille Center of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Centers of Excellence in Neurodegeneration, Lille (A.K.), Service de Neurologie, Narbonne Hospital Centre, Narbonne (G.B.-F.), CHU de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, CNRS, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux (D. Guehl), the Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Poitiers, INSERM, CHU de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1402, Poitiers (O.C.), the Department of Neuromuscular Diseases and Department of Anatomy, CHRU Besançon, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon (L.T.), Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal Aix-Pertuis, Site d'Aix-en-Provence, Aix-en-Provence (D. Gayraud), and the Department of Neurology, CHU Hautepierre, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS UMR 7104, Illkirch, and Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg (C.T.) - all in France
| | - Marion Simonetta-Moreau
- From the Department of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Image Guided Clinical Neurosciences and Connectomics, Institut Pascal (A.M., P.D., F.D., I.R.), and CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clinical Research Department, Biostatistics Unit (B.P.), Clermont-Ferrand, the Clinical Investigation Center 1436, the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neurosciences, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, INSERM, University Hospital of Toulouse and University of Toulouse 3 (M.S.-M., O.R.), and Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Université Paul Sabatier (D.A.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie, CHU Caremeau, Nîmes (G.C., M.D.V.), the Department of Neurology and Movement Disorders, Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille (F.F.), Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM, Unité 1028, CNRS, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5292, Neuroplasticity and Neuropathology of Olfactory Perception Team, Service de Neurologie C, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon (C.L.), the Neurology Department, Avicenne Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Paris-Seine Saint Denis, Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny (B.D.), Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM Unité 1050, Université PSL (B.D.), the Neurology Department (A.P.) and Unité Parkinson (S.S.), Rothschild Foundation Hospital, and Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle, INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and the Department of Neurology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière (J.-C.C.), Paris, the Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Expert Center for Parkinson's Disease, EA 4559 Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologie, University of Picardy Jules Verne, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens (M.T., D.D.), the University of Lille, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Team DVCD, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé 1172, CHU Lille, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Expert Center of Parkinson's Disease, Lille Center of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Centers of Excellence in Neurodegeneration, Lille (A.K.), Service de Neurologie, Narbonne Hospital Centre, Narbonne (G.B.-F.), CHU de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, CNRS, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux (D. Guehl), the Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Poitiers, INSERM, CHU de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1402, Poitiers (O.C.), the Department of Neuromuscular Diseases and Department of Anatomy, CHRU Besançon, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon (L.T.), Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal Aix-Pertuis, Site d'Aix-en-Provence, Aix-en-Provence (D. Gayraud), and the Department of Neurology, CHU Hautepierre, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS UMR 7104, Illkirch, and Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg (C.T.) - all in France
| | - Giovanni Castelnovo
- From the Department of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Image Guided Clinical Neurosciences and Connectomics, Institut Pascal (A.M., P.D., F.D., I.R.), and CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clinical Research Department, Biostatistics Unit (B.P.), Clermont-Ferrand, the Clinical Investigation Center 1436, the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neurosciences, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, INSERM, University Hospital of Toulouse and University of Toulouse 3 (M.S.-M., O.R.), and Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Université Paul Sabatier (D.A.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie, CHU Caremeau, Nîmes (G.C., M.D.V.), the Department of Neurology and Movement Disorders, Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille (F.F.), Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM, Unité 1028, CNRS, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5292, Neuroplasticity and Neuropathology of Olfactory Perception Team, Service de Neurologie C, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon (C.L.), the Neurology Department, Avicenne Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Paris-Seine Saint Denis, Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny (B.D.), Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM Unité 1050, Université PSL (B.D.), the Neurology Department (A.P.) and Unité Parkinson (S.S.), Rothschild Foundation Hospital, and Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle, INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and the Department of Neurology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière (J.-C.C.), Paris, the Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Expert Center for Parkinson's Disease, EA 4559 Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologie, University of Picardy Jules Verne, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens (M.T., D.D.), the University of Lille, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Team DVCD, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé 1172, CHU Lille, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Expert Center of Parkinson's Disease, Lille Center of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Centers of Excellence in Neurodegeneration, Lille (A.K.), Service de Neurologie, Narbonne Hospital Centre, Narbonne (G.B.-F.), CHU de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, CNRS, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux (D. Guehl), the Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Poitiers, INSERM, CHU de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1402, Poitiers (O.C.), the Department of Neuromuscular Diseases and Department of Anatomy, CHRU Besançon, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon (L.T.), Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal Aix-Pertuis, Site d'Aix-en-Provence, Aix-en-Provence (D. Gayraud), and the Department of Neurology, CHU Hautepierre, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS UMR 7104, Illkirch, and Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg (C.T.) - all in France
| | - Marie De Verdal
- From the Department of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Image Guided Clinical Neurosciences and Connectomics, Institut Pascal (A.M., P.D., F.D., I.R.), and CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clinical Research Department, Biostatistics Unit (B.P.), Clermont-Ferrand, the Clinical Investigation Center 1436, the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neurosciences, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, INSERM, University Hospital of Toulouse and University of Toulouse 3 (M.S.-M., O.R.), and Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Université Paul Sabatier (D.A.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie, CHU Caremeau, Nîmes (G.C., M.D.V.), the Department of Neurology and Movement Disorders, Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille (F.F.), Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM, Unité 1028, CNRS, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5292, Neuroplasticity and Neuropathology of Olfactory Perception Team, Service de Neurologie C, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon (C.L.), the Neurology Department, Avicenne Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Paris-Seine Saint Denis, Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny (B.D.), Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM Unité 1050, Université PSL (B.D.), the Neurology Department (A.P.) and Unité Parkinson (S.S.), Rothschild Foundation Hospital, and Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle, INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and the Department of Neurology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière (J.-C.C.), Paris, the Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Expert Center for Parkinson's Disease, EA 4559 Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologie, University of Picardy Jules Verne, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens (M.T., D.D.), the University of Lille, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Team DVCD, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé 1172, CHU Lille, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Expert Center of Parkinson's Disease, Lille Center of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Centers of Excellence in Neurodegeneration, Lille (A.K.), Service de Neurologie, Narbonne Hospital Centre, Narbonne (G.B.-F.), CHU de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, CNRS, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux (D. Guehl), the Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Poitiers, INSERM, CHU de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1402, Poitiers (O.C.), the Department of Neuromuscular Diseases and Department of Anatomy, CHRU Besançon, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon (L.T.), Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal Aix-Pertuis, Site d'Aix-en-Provence, Aix-en-Provence (D. Gayraud), and the Department of Neurology, CHU Hautepierre, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS UMR 7104, Illkirch, and Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg (C.T.) - all in France
| | - Frédérique Fluchère
- From the Department of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Image Guided Clinical Neurosciences and Connectomics, Institut Pascal (A.M., P.D., F.D., I.R.), and CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clinical Research Department, Biostatistics Unit (B.P.), Clermont-Ferrand, the Clinical Investigation Center 1436, the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neurosciences, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, INSERM, University Hospital of Toulouse and University of Toulouse 3 (M.S.-M., O.R.), and Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Université Paul Sabatier (D.A.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie, CHU Caremeau, Nîmes (G.C., M.D.V.), the Department of Neurology and Movement Disorders, Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille (F.F.), Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM, Unité 1028, CNRS, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5292, Neuroplasticity and Neuropathology of Olfactory Perception Team, Service de Neurologie C, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon (C.L.), the Neurology Department, Avicenne Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Paris-Seine Saint Denis, Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny (B.D.), Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM Unité 1050, Université PSL (B.D.), the Neurology Department (A.P.) and Unité Parkinson (S.S.), Rothschild Foundation Hospital, and Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle, INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and the Department of Neurology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière (J.-C.C.), Paris, the Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Expert Center for Parkinson's Disease, EA 4559 Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologie, University of Picardy Jules Verne, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens (M.T., D.D.), the University of Lille, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Team DVCD, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé 1172, CHU Lille, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Expert Center of Parkinson's Disease, Lille Center of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Centers of Excellence in Neurodegeneration, Lille (A.K.), Service de Neurologie, Narbonne Hospital Centre, Narbonne (G.B.-F.), CHU de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, CNRS, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux (D. Guehl), the Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Poitiers, INSERM, CHU de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1402, Poitiers (O.C.), the Department of Neuromuscular Diseases and Department of Anatomy, CHRU Besançon, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon (L.T.), Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal Aix-Pertuis, Site d'Aix-en-Provence, Aix-en-Provence (D. Gayraud), and the Department of Neurology, CHU Hautepierre, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS UMR 7104, Illkirch, and Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg (C.T.) - all in France
| | - Chloé Laurencin
- From the Department of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Image Guided Clinical Neurosciences and Connectomics, Institut Pascal (A.M., P.D., F.D., I.R.), and CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clinical Research Department, Biostatistics Unit (B.P.), Clermont-Ferrand, the Clinical Investigation Center 1436, the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neurosciences, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, INSERM, University Hospital of Toulouse and University of Toulouse 3 (M.S.-M., O.R.), and Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Université Paul Sabatier (D.A.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie, CHU Caremeau, Nîmes (G.C., M.D.V.), the Department of Neurology and Movement Disorders, Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille (F.F.), Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM, Unité 1028, CNRS, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5292, Neuroplasticity and Neuropathology of Olfactory Perception Team, Service de Neurologie C, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon (C.L.), the Neurology Department, Avicenne Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Paris-Seine Saint Denis, Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny (B.D.), Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM Unité 1050, Université PSL (B.D.), the Neurology Department (A.P.) and Unité Parkinson (S.S.), Rothschild Foundation Hospital, and Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle, INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and the Department of Neurology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière (J.-C.C.), Paris, the Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Expert Center for Parkinson's Disease, EA 4559 Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologie, University of Picardy Jules Verne, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens (M.T., D.D.), the University of Lille, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Team DVCD, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé 1172, CHU Lille, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Expert Center of Parkinson's Disease, Lille Center of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Centers of Excellence in Neurodegeneration, Lille (A.K.), Service de Neurologie, Narbonne Hospital Centre, Narbonne (G.B.-F.), CHU de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, CNRS, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux (D. Guehl), the Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Poitiers, INSERM, CHU de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1402, Poitiers (O.C.), the Department of Neuromuscular Diseases and Department of Anatomy, CHRU Besançon, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon (L.T.), Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal Aix-Pertuis, Site d'Aix-en-Provence, Aix-en-Provence (D. Gayraud), and the Department of Neurology, CHU Hautepierre, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS UMR 7104, Illkirch, and Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg (C.T.) - all in France
| | - Bertrand Degos
- From the Department of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Image Guided Clinical Neurosciences and Connectomics, Institut Pascal (A.M., P.D., F.D., I.R.), and CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clinical Research Department, Biostatistics Unit (B.P.), Clermont-Ferrand, the Clinical Investigation Center 1436, the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neurosciences, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, INSERM, University Hospital of Toulouse and University of Toulouse 3 (M.S.-M., O.R.), and Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Université Paul Sabatier (D.A.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie, CHU Caremeau, Nîmes (G.C., M.D.V.), the Department of Neurology and Movement Disorders, Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille (F.F.), Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM, Unité 1028, CNRS, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5292, Neuroplasticity and Neuropathology of Olfactory Perception Team, Service de Neurologie C, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon (C.L.), the Neurology Department, Avicenne Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Paris-Seine Saint Denis, Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny (B.D.), Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM Unité 1050, Université PSL (B.D.), the Neurology Department (A.P.) and Unité Parkinson (S.S.), Rothschild Foundation Hospital, and Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle, INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and the Department of Neurology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière (J.-C.C.), Paris, the Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Expert Center for Parkinson's Disease, EA 4559 Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologie, University of Picardy Jules Verne, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens (M.T., D.D.), the University of Lille, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Team DVCD, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé 1172, CHU Lille, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Expert Center of Parkinson's Disease, Lille Center of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Centers of Excellence in Neurodegeneration, Lille (A.K.), Service de Neurologie, Narbonne Hospital Centre, Narbonne (G.B.-F.), CHU de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, CNRS, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux (D. Guehl), the Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Poitiers, INSERM, CHU de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1402, Poitiers (O.C.), the Department of Neuromuscular Diseases and Department of Anatomy, CHRU Besançon, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon (L.T.), Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal Aix-Pertuis, Site d'Aix-en-Provence, Aix-en-Provence (D. Gayraud), and the Department of Neurology, CHU Hautepierre, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS UMR 7104, Illkirch, and Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg (C.T.) - all in France
| | - Mélissa Tir
- From the Department of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Image Guided Clinical Neurosciences and Connectomics, Institut Pascal (A.M., P.D., F.D., I.R.), and CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clinical Research Department, Biostatistics Unit (B.P.), Clermont-Ferrand, the Clinical Investigation Center 1436, the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neurosciences, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, INSERM, University Hospital of Toulouse and University of Toulouse 3 (M.S.-M., O.R.), and Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Université Paul Sabatier (D.A.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie, CHU Caremeau, Nîmes (G.C., M.D.V.), the Department of Neurology and Movement Disorders, Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille (F.F.), Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM, Unité 1028, CNRS, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5292, Neuroplasticity and Neuropathology of Olfactory Perception Team, Service de Neurologie C, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon (C.L.), the Neurology Department, Avicenne Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Paris-Seine Saint Denis, Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny (B.D.), Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM Unité 1050, Université PSL (B.D.), the Neurology Department (A.P.) and Unité Parkinson (S.S.), Rothschild Foundation Hospital, and Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle, INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and the Department of Neurology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière (J.-C.C.), Paris, the Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Expert Center for Parkinson's Disease, EA 4559 Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologie, University of Picardy Jules Verne, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens (M.T., D.D.), the University of Lille, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Team DVCD, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé 1172, CHU Lille, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Expert Center of Parkinson's Disease, Lille Center of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Centers of Excellence in Neurodegeneration, Lille (A.K.), Service de Neurologie, Narbonne Hospital Centre, Narbonne (G.B.-F.), CHU de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, CNRS, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux (D. Guehl), the Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Poitiers, INSERM, CHU de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1402, Poitiers (O.C.), the Department of Neuromuscular Diseases and Department of Anatomy, CHRU Besançon, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon (L.T.), Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal Aix-Pertuis, Site d'Aix-en-Provence, Aix-en-Provence (D. Gayraud), and the Department of Neurology, CHU Hautepierre, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS UMR 7104, Illkirch, and Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg (C.T.) - all in France
| | - Alexandre Kreisler
- From the Department of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Image Guided Clinical Neurosciences and Connectomics, Institut Pascal (A.M., P.D., F.D., I.R.), and CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clinical Research Department, Biostatistics Unit (B.P.), Clermont-Ferrand, the Clinical Investigation Center 1436, the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neurosciences, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, INSERM, University Hospital of Toulouse and University of Toulouse 3 (M.S.-M., O.R.), and Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Université Paul Sabatier (D.A.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie, CHU Caremeau, Nîmes (G.C., M.D.V.), the Department of Neurology and Movement Disorders, Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille (F.F.), Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM, Unité 1028, CNRS, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5292, Neuroplasticity and Neuropathology of Olfactory Perception Team, Service de Neurologie C, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon (C.L.), the Neurology Department, Avicenne Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Paris-Seine Saint Denis, Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny (B.D.), Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM Unité 1050, Université PSL (B.D.), the Neurology Department (A.P.) and Unité Parkinson (S.S.), Rothschild Foundation Hospital, and Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle, INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and the Department of Neurology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière (J.-C.C.), Paris, the Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Expert Center for Parkinson's Disease, EA 4559 Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologie, University of Picardy Jules Verne, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens (M.T., D.D.), the University of Lille, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Team DVCD, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé 1172, CHU Lille, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Expert Center of Parkinson's Disease, Lille Center of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Centers of Excellence in Neurodegeneration, Lille (A.K.), Service de Neurologie, Narbonne Hospital Centre, Narbonne (G.B.-F.), CHU de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, CNRS, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux (D. Guehl), the Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Poitiers, INSERM, CHU de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1402, Poitiers (O.C.), the Department of Neuromuscular Diseases and Department of Anatomy, CHRU Besançon, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon (L.T.), Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal Aix-Pertuis, Site d'Aix-en-Provence, Aix-en-Provence (D. Gayraud), and the Department of Neurology, CHU Hautepierre, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS UMR 7104, Illkirch, and Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg (C.T.) - all in France
| | - Geneviève Blanchet-Fourcade
- From the Department of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Image Guided Clinical Neurosciences and Connectomics, Institut Pascal (A.M., P.D., F.D., I.R.), and CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clinical Research Department, Biostatistics Unit (B.P.), Clermont-Ferrand, the Clinical Investigation Center 1436, the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neurosciences, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, INSERM, University Hospital of Toulouse and University of Toulouse 3 (M.S.-M., O.R.), and Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Université Paul Sabatier (D.A.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie, CHU Caremeau, Nîmes (G.C., M.D.V.), the Department of Neurology and Movement Disorders, Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille (F.F.), Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM, Unité 1028, CNRS, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5292, Neuroplasticity and Neuropathology of Olfactory Perception Team, Service de Neurologie C, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon (C.L.), the Neurology Department, Avicenne Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Paris-Seine Saint Denis, Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny (B.D.), Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM Unité 1050, Université PSL (B.D.), the Neurology Department (A.P.) and Unité Parkinson (S.S.), Rothschild Foundation Hospital, and Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle, INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and the Department of Neurology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière (J.-C.C.), Paris, the Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Expert Center for Parkinson's Disease, EA 4559 Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologie, University of Picardy Jules Verne, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens (M.T., D.D.), the University of Lille, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Team DVCD, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé 1172, CHU Lille, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Expert Center of Parkinson's Disease, Lille Center of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Centers of Excellence in Neurodegeneration, Lille (A.K.), Service de Neurologie, Narbonne Hospital Centre, Narbonne (G.B.-F.), CHU de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, CNRS, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux (D. Guehl), the Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Poitiers, INSERM, CHU de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1402, Poitiers (O.C.), the Department of Neuromuscular Diseases and Department of Anatomy, CHRU Besançon, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon (L.T.), Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal Aix-Pertuis, Site d'Aix-en-Provence, Aix-en-Provence (D. Gayraud), and the Department of Neurology, CHU Hautepierre, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS UMR 7104, Illkirch, and Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg (C.T.) - all in France
| | - Dominique Guehl
- From the Department of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Image Guided Clinical Neurosciences and Connectomics, Institut Pascal (A.M., P.D., F.D., I.R.), and CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clinical Research Department, Biostatistics Unit (B.P.), Clermont-Ferrand, the Clinical Investigation Center 1436, the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neurosciences, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, INSERM, University Hospital of Toulouse and University of Toulouse 3 (M.S.-M., O.R.), and Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Université Paul Sabatier (D.A.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie, CHU Caremeau, Nîmes (G.C., M.D.V.), the Department of Neurology and Movement Disorders, Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille (F.F.), Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM, Unité 1028, CNRS, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5292, Neuroplasticity and Neuropathology of Olfactory Perception Team, Service de Neurologie C, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon (C.L.), the Neurology Department, Avicenne Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Paris-Seine Saint Denis, Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny (B.D.), Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM Unité 1050, Université PSL (B.D.), the Neurology Department (A.P.) and Unité Parkinson (S.S.), Rothschild Foundation Hospital, and Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle, INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and the Department of Neurology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière (J.-C.C.), Paris, the Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Expert Center for Parkinson's Disease, EA 4559 Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologie, University of Picardy Jules Verne, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens (M.T., D.D.), the University of Lille, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Team DVCD, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé 1172, CHU Lille, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Expert Center of Parkinson's Disease, Lille Center of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Centers of Excellence in Neurodegeneration, Lille (A.K.), Service de Neurologie, Narbonne Hospital Centre, Narbonne (G.B.-F.), CHU de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, CNRS, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux (D. Guehl), the Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Poitiers, INSERM, CHU de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1402, Poitiers (O.C.), the Department of Neuromuscular Diseases and Department of Anatomy, CHRU Besançon, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon (L.T.), Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal Aix-Pertuis, Site d'Aix-en-Provence, Aix-en-Provence (D. Gayraud), and the Department of Neurology, CHU Hautepierre, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS UMR 7104, Illkirch, and Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg (C.T.) - all in France
| | - Olivier Colin
- From the Department of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Image Guided Clinical Neurosciences and Connectomics, Institut Pascal (A.M., P.D., F.D., I.R.), and CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clinical Research Department, Biostatistics Unit (B.P.), Clermont-Ferrand, the Clinical Investigation Center 1436, the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neurosciences, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, INSERM, University Hospital of Toulouse and University of Toulouse 3 (M.S.-M., O.R.), and Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Université Paul Sabatier (D.A.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie, CHU Caremeau, Nîmes (G.C., M.D.V.), the Department of Neurology and Movement Disorders, Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille (F.F.), Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM, Unité 1028, CNRS, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5292, Neuroplasticity and Neuropathology of Olfactory Perception Team, Service de Neurologie C, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon (C.L.), the Neurology Department, Avicenne Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Paris-Seine Saint Denis, Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny (B.D.), Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM Unité 1050, Université PSL (B.D.), the Neurology Department (A.P.) and Unité Parkinson (S.S.), Rothschild Foundation Hospital, and Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle, INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and the Department of Neurology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière (J.-C.C.), Paris, the Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Expert Center for Parkinson's Disease, EA 4559 Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologie, University of Picardy Jules Verne, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens (M.T., D.D.), the University of Lille, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Team DVCD, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé 1172, CHU Lille, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Expert Center of Parkinson's Disease, Lille Center of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Centers of Excellence in Neurodegeneration, Lille (A.K.), Service de Neurologie, Narbonne Hospital Centre, Narbonne (G.B.-F.), CHU de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, CNRS, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux (D. Guehl), the Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Poitiers, INSERM, CHU de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1402, Poitiers (O.C.), the Department of Neuromuscular Diseases and Department of Anatomy, CHRU Besançon, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon (L.T.), Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal Aix-Pertuis, Site d'Aix-en-Provence, Aix-en-Provence (D. Gayraud), and the Department of Neurology, CHU Hautepierre, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS UMR 7104, Illkirch, and Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg (C.T.) - all in France
| | - Aurelia Poujois
- From the Department of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Image Guided Clinical Neurosciences and Connectomics, Institut Pascal (A.M., P.D., F.D., I.R.), and CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clinical Research Department, Biostatistics Unit (B.P.), Clermont-Ferrand, the Clinical Investigation Center 1436, the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neurosciences, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, INSERM, University Hospital of Toulouse and University of Toulouse 3 (M.S.-M., O.R.), and Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Université Paul Sabatier (D.A.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie, CHU Caremeau, Nîmes (G.C., M.D.V.), the Department of Neurology and Movement Disorders, Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille (F.F.), Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM, Unité 1028, CNRS, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5292, Neuroplasticity and Neuropathology of Olfactory Perception Team, Service de Neurologie C, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon (C.L.), the Neurology Department, Avicenne Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Paris-Seine Saint Denis, Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny (B.D.), Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM Unité 1050, Université PSL (B.D.), the Neurology Department (A.P.) and Unité Parkinson (S.S.), Rothschild Foundation Hospital, and Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle, INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and the Department of Neurology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière (J.-C.C.), Paris, the Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Expert Center for Parkinson's Disease, EA 4559 Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologie, University of Picardy Jules Verne, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens (M.T., D.D.), the University of Lille, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Team DVCD, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé 1172, CHU Lille, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Expert Center of Parkinson's Disease, Lille Center of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Centers of Excellence in Neurodegeneration, Lille (A.K.), Service de Neurologie, Narbonne Hospital Centre, Narbonne (G.B.-F.), CHU de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, CNRS, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux (D. Guehl), the Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Poitiers, INSERM, CHU de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1402, Poitiers (O.C.), the Department of Neuromuscular Diseases and Department of Anatomy, CHRU Besançon, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon (L.T.), Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal Aix-Pertuis, Site d'Aix-en-Provence, Aix-en-Provence (D. Gayraud), and the Department of Neurology, CHU Hautepierre, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS UMR 7104, Illkirch, and Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg (C.T.) - all in France
| | - Sophie Sangla
- From the Department of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Image Guided Clinical Neurosciences and Connectomics, Institut Pascal (A.M., P.D., F.D., I.R.), and CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clinical Research Department, Biostatistics Unit (B.P.), Clermont-Ferrand, the Clinical Investigation Center 1436, the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neurosciences, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, INSERM, University Hospital of Toulouse and University of Toulouse 3 (M.S.-M., O.R.), and Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Université Paul Sabatier (D.A.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie, CHU Caremeau, Nîmes (G.C., M.D.V.), the Department of Neurology and Movement Disorders, Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille (F.F.), Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM, Unité 1028, CNRS, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5292, Neuroplasticity and Neuropathology of Olfactory Perception Team, Service de Neurologie C, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon (C.L.), the Neurology Department, Avicenne Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Paris-Seine Saint Denis, Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny (B.D.), Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM Unité 1050, Université PSL (B.D.), the Neurology Department (A.P.) and Unité Parkinson (S.S.), Rothschild Foundation Hospital, and Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle, INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and the Department of Neurology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière (J.-C.C.), Paris, the Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Expert Center for Parkinson's Disease, EA 4559 Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologie, University of Picardy Jules Verne, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens (M.T., D.D.), the University of Lille, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Team DVCD, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé 1172, CHU Lille, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Expert Center of Parkinson's Disease, Lille Center of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Centers of Excellence in Neurodegeneration, Lille (A.K.), Service de Neurologie, Narbonne Hospital Centre, Narbonne (G.B.-F.), CHU de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, CNRS, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux (D. Guehl), the Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Poitiers, INSERM, CHU de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1402, Poitiers (O.C.), the Department of Neuromuscular Diseases and Department of Anatomy, CHRU Besançon, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon (L.T.), Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal Aix-Pertuis, Site d'Aix-en-Provence, Aix-en-Provence (D. Gayraud), and the Department of Neurology, CHU Hautepierre, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS UMR 7104, Illkirch, and Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg (C.T.) - all in France
| | - Laurent Tatu
- From the Department of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Image Guided Clinical Neurosciences and Connectomics, Institut Pascal (A.M., P.D., F.D., I.R.), and CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clinical Research Department, Biostatistics Unit (B.P.), Clermont-Ferrand, the Clinical Investigation Center 1436, the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neurosciences, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, INSERM, University Hospital of Toulouse and University of Toulouse 3 (M.S.-M., O.R.), and Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Université Paul Sabatier (D.A.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie, CHU Caremeau, Nîmes (G.C., M.D.V.), the Department of Neurology and Movement Disorders, Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille (F.F.), Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM, Unité 1028, CNRS, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5292, Neuroplasticity and Neuropathology of Olfactory Perception Team, Service de Neurologie C, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon (C.L.), the Neurology Department, Avicenne Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Paris-Seine Saint Denis, Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny (B.D.), Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM Unité 1050, Université PSL (B.D.), the Neurology Department (A.P.) and Unité Parkinson (S.S.), Rothschild Foundation Hospital, and Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle, INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and the Department of Neurology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière (J.-C.C.), Paris, the Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Expert Center for Parkinson's Disease, EA 4559 Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologie, University of Picardy Jules Verne, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens (M.T., D.D.), the University of Lille, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Team DVCD, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé 1172, CHU Lille, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Expert Center of Parkinson's Disease, Lille Center of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Centers of Excellence in Neurodegeneration, Lille (A.K.), Service de Neurologie, Narbonne Hospital Centre, Narbonne (G.B.-F.), CHU de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, CNRS, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux (D. Guehl), the Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Poitiers, INSERM, CHU de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1402, Poitiers (O.C.), the Department of Neuromuscular Diseases and Department of Anatomy, CHRU Besançon, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon (L.T.), Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal Aix-Pertuis, Site d'Aix-en-Provence, Aix-en-Provence (D. Gayraud), and the Department of Neurology, CHU Hautepierre, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS UMR 7104, Illkirch, and Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg (C.T.) - all in France
| | - Philippe Derost
- From the Department of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Image Guided Clinical Neurosciences and Connectomics, Institut Pascal (A.M., P.D., F.D., I.R.), and CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clinical Research Department, Biostatistics Unit (B.P.), Clermont-Ferrand, the Clinical Investigation Center 1436, the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neurosciences, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, INSERM, University Hospital of Toulouse and University of Toulouse 3 (M.S.-M., O.R.), and Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Université Paul Sabatier (D.A.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie, CHU Caremeau, Nîmes (G.C., M.D.V.), the Department of Neurology and Movement Disorders, Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille (F.F.), Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM, Unité 1028, CNRS, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5292, Neuroplasticity and Neuropathology of Olfactory Perception Team, Service de Neurologie C, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon (C.L.), the Neurology Department, Avicenne Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Paris-Seine Saint Denis, Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny (B.D.), Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM Unité 1050, Université PSL (B.D.), the Neurology Department (A.P.) and Unité Parkinson (S.S.), Rothschild Foundation Hospital, and Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle, INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and the Department of Neurology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière (J.-C.C.), Paris, the Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Expert Center for Parkinson's Disease, EA 4559 Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologie, University of Picardy Jules Verne, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens (M.T., D.D.), the University of Lille, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Team DVCD, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé 1172, CHU Lille, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Expert Center of Parkinson's Disease, Lille Center of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Centers of Excellence in Neurodegeneration, Lille (A.K.), Service de Neurologie, Narbonne Hospital Centre, Narbonne (G.B.-F.), CHU de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, CNRS, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux (D. Guehl), the Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Poitiers, INSERM, CHU de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1402, Poitiers (O.C.), the Department of Neuromuscular Diseases and Department of Anatomy, CHRU Besançon, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon (L.T.), Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal Aix-Pertuis, Site d'Aix-en-Provence, Aix-en-Provence (D. Gayraud), and the Department of Neurology, CHU Hautepierre, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS UMR 7104, Illkirch, and Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg (C.T.) - all in France
| | - Dominique Gayraud
- From the Department of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Image Guided Clinical Neurosciences and Connectomics, Institut Pascal (A.M., P.D., F.D., I.R.), and CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clinical Research Department, Biostatistics Unit (B.P.), Clermont-Ferrand, the Clinical Investigation Center 1436, the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neurosciences, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, INSERM, University Hospital of Toulouse and University of Toulouse 3 (M.S.-M., O.R.), and Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Université Paul Sabatier (D.A.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie, CHU Caremeau, Nîmes (G.C., M.D.V.), the Department of Neurology and Movement Disorders, Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille (F.F.), Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM, Unité 1028, CNRS, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5292, Neuroplasticity and Neuropathology of Olfactory Perception Team, Service de Neurologie C, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon (C.L.), the Neurology Department, Avicenne Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Paris-Seine Saint Denis, Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny (B.D.), Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM Unité 1050, Université PSL (B.D.), the Neurology Department (A.P.) and Unité Parkinson (S.S.), Rothschild Foundation Hospital, and Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle, INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and the Department of Neurology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière (J.-C.C.), Paris, the Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Expert Center for Parkinson's Disease, EA 4559 Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologie, University of Picardy Jules Verne, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens (M.T., D.D.), the University of Lille, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Team DVCD, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé 1172, CHU Lille, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Expert Center of Parkinson's Disease, Lille Center of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Centers of Excellence in Neurodegeneration, Lille (A.K.), Service de Neurologie, Narbonne Hospital Centre, Narbonne (G.B.-F.), CHU de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, CNRS, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux (D. Guehl), the Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Poitiers, INSERM, CHU de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1402, Poitiers (O.C.), the Department of Neuromuscular Diseases and Department of Anatomy, CHRU Besançon, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon (L.T.), Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal Aix-Pertuis, Site d'Aix-en-Provence, Aix-en-Provence (D. Gayraud), and the Department of Neurology, CHU Hautepierre, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS UMR 7104, Illkirch, and Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg (C.T.) - all in France
| | - Christine Tranchant
- From the Department of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Image Guided Clinical Neurosciences and Connectomics, Institut Pascal (A.M., P.D., F.D., I.R.), and CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clinical Research Department, Biostatistics Unit (B.P.), Clermont-Ferrand, the Clinical Investigation Center 1436, the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neurosciences, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, INSERM, University Hospital of Toulouse and University of Toulouse 3 (M.S.-M., O.R.), and Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Université Paul Sabatier (D.A.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie, CHU Caremeau, Nîmes (G.C., M.D.V.), the Department of Neurology and Movement Disorders, Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille (F.F.), Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM, Unité 1028, CNRS, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5292, Neuroplasticity and Neuropathology of Olfactory Perception Team, Service de Neurologie C, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon (C.L.), the Neurology Department, Avicenne Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Paris-Seine Saint Denis, Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny (B.D.), Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM Unité 1050, Université PSL (B.D.), the Neurology Department (A.P.) and Unité Parkinson (S.S.), Rothschild Foundation Hospital, and Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle, INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and the Department of Neurology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière (J.-C.C.), Paris, the Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Expert Center for Parkinson's Disease, EA 4559 Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologie, University of Picardy Jules Verne, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens (M.T., D.D.), the University of Lille, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Team DVCD, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé 1172, CHU Lille, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Expert Center of Parkinson's Disease, Lille Center of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Centers of Excellence in Neurodegeneration, Lille (A.K.), Service de Neurologie, Narbonne Hospital Centre, Narbonne (G.B.-F.), CHU de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, CNRS, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux (D. Guehl), the Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Poitiers, INSERM, CHU de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1402, Poitiers (O.C.), the Department of Neuromuscular Diseases and Department of Anatomy, CHRU Besançon, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon (L.T.), Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal Aix-Pertuis, Site d'Aix-en-Provence, Aix-en-Provence (D. Gayraud), and the Department of Neurology, CHU Hautepierre, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS UMR 7104, Illkirch, and Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg (C.T.) - all in France
| | - David Amarantini
- From the Department of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Image Guided Clinical Neurosciences and Connectomics, Institut Pascal (A.M., P.D., F.D., I.R.), and CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clinical Research Department, Biostatistics Unit (B.P.), Clermont-Ferrand, the Clinical Investigation Center 1436, the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neurosciences, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, INSERM, University Hospital of Toulouse and University of Toulouse 3 (M.S.-M., O.R.), and Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Université Paul Sabatier (D.A.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie, CHU Caremeau, Nîmes (G.C., M.D.V.), the Department of Neurology and Movement Disorders, Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille (F.F.), Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM, Unité 1028, CNRS, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5292, Neuroplasticity and Neuropathology of Olfactory Perception Team, Service de Neurologie C, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon (C.L.), the Neurology Department, Avicenne Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Paris-Seine Saint Denis, Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny (B.D.), Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM Unité 1050, Université PSL (B.D.), the Neurology Department (A.P.) and Unité Parkinson (S.S.), Rothschild Foundation Hospital, and Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle, INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and the Department of Neurology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière (J.-C.C.), Paris, the Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Expert Center for Parkinson's Disease, EA 4559 Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologie, University of Picardy Jules Verne, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens (M.T., D.D.), the University of Lille, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Team DVCD, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé 1172, CHU Lille, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Expert Center of Parkinson's Disease, Lille Center of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Centers of Excellence in Neurodegeneration, Lille (A.K.), Service de Neurologie, Narbonne Hospital Centre, Narbonne (G.B.-F.), CHU de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, CNRS, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux (D. Guehl), the Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Poitiers, INSERM, CHU de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1402, Poitiers (O.C.), the Department of Neuromuscular Diseases and Department of Anatomy, CHRU Besançon, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon (L.T.), Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal Aix-Pertuis, Site d'Aix-en-Provence, Aix-en-Provence (D. Gayraud), and the Department of Neurology, CHU Hautepierre, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS UMR 7104, Illkirch, and Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg (C.T.) - all in France
| | - David Devos
- From the Department of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Image Guided Clinical Neurosciences and Connectomics, Institut Pascal (A.M., P.D., F.D., I.R.), and CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clinical Research Department, Biostatistics Unit (B.P.), Clermont-Ferrand, the Clinical Investigation Center 1436, the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neurosciences, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, INSERM, University Hospital of Toulouse and University of Toulouse 3 (M.S.-M., O.R.), and Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Université Paul Sabatier (D.A.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie, CHU Caremeau, Nîmes (G.C., M.D.V.), the Department of Neurology and Movement Disorders, Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille (F.F.), Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM, Unité 1028, CNRS, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5292, Neuroplasticity and Neuropathology of Olfactory Perception Team, Service de Neurologie C, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon (C.L.), the Neurology Department, Avicenne Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Paris-Seine Saint Denis, Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny (B.D.), Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM Unité 1050, Université PSL (B.D.), the Neurology Department (A.P.) and Unité Parkinson (S.S.), Rothschild Foundation Hospital, and Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle, INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and the Department of Neurology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière (J.-C.C.), Paris, the Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Expert Center for Parkinson's Disease, EA 4559 Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologie, University of Picardy Jules Verne, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens (M.T., D.D.), the University of Lille, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Team DVCD, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé 1172, CHU Lille, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Expert Center of Parkinson's Disease, Lille Center of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Centers of Excellence in Neurodegeneration, Lille (A.K.), Service de Neurologie, Narbonne Hospital Centre, Narbonne (G.B.-F.), CHU de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, CNRS, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux (D. Guehl), the Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Poitiers, INSERM, CHU de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1402, Poitiers (O.C.), the Department of Neuromuscular Diseases and Department of Anatomy, CHRU Besançon, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon (L.T.), Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal Aix-Pertuis, Site d'Aix-en-Provence, Aix-en-Provence (D. Gayraud), and the Department of Neurology, CHU Hautepierre, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS UMR 7104, Illkirch, and Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg (C.T.) - all in France
| | - Olivier Rascol
- From the Department of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Image Guided Clinical Neurosciences and Connectomics, Institut Pascal (A.M., P.D., F.D., I.R.), and CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clinical Research Department, Biostatistics Unit (B.P.), Clermont-Ferrand, the Clinical Investigation Center 1436, the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neurosciences, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, INSERM, University Hospital of Toulouse and University of Toulouse 3 (M.S.-M., O.R.), and Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Université Paul Sabatier (D.A.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie, CHU Caremeau, Nîmes (G.C., M.D.V.), the Department of Neurology and Movement Disorders, Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille (F.F.), Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM, Unité 1028, CNRS, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5292, Neuroplasticity and Neuropathology of Olfactory Perception Team, Service de Neurologie C, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon (C.L.), the Neurology Department, Avicenne Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Paris-Seine Saint Denis, Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny (B.D.), Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM Unité 1050, Université PSL (B.D.), the Neurology Department (A.P.) and Unité Parkinson (S.S.), Rothschild Foundation Hospital, and Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle, INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and the Department of Neurology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière (J.-C.C.), Paris, the Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Expert Center for Parkinson's Disease, EA 4559 Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologie, University of Picardy Jules Verne, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens (M.T., D.D.), the University of Lille, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Team DVCD, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé 1172, CHU Lille, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Expert Center of Parkinson's Disease, Lille Center of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Centers of Excellence in Neurodegeneration, Lille (A.K.), Service de Neurologie, Narbonne Hospital Centre, Narbonne (G.B.-F.), CHU de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, CNRS, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux (D. Guehl), the Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Poitiers, INSERM, CHU de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1402, Poitiers (O.C.), the Department of Neuromuscular Diseases and Department of Anatomy, CHRU Besançon, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon (L.T.), Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal Aix-Pertuis, Site d'Aix-en-Provence, Aix-en-Provence (D. Gayraud), and the Department of Neurology, CHU Hautepierre, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS UMR 7104, Illkirch, and Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg (C.T.) - all in France
| | - Jean-Christophe Corvol
- From the Department of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Image Guided Clinical Neurosciences and Connectomics, Institut Pascal (A.M., P.D., F.D., I.R.), and CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clinical Research Department, Biostatistics Unit (B.P.), Clermont-Ferrand, the Clinical Investigation Center 1436, the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neurosciences, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, INSERM, University Hospital of Toulouse and University of Toulouse 3 (M.S.-M., O.R.), and Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Université Paul Sabatier (D.A.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie, CHU Caremeau, Nîmes (G.C., M.D.V.), the Department of Neurology and Movement Disorders, Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille (F.F.), Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM, Unité 1028, CNRS, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5292, Neuroplasticity and Neuropathology of Olfactory Perception Team, Service de Neurologie C, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon (C.L.), the Neurology Department, Avicenne Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Paris-Seine Saint Denis, Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny (B.D.), Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM Unité 1050, Université PSL (B.D.), the Neurology Department (A.P.) and Unité Parkinson (S.S.), Rothschild Foundation Hospital, and Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle, INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and the Department of Neurology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière (J.-C.C.), Paris, the Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Expert Center for Parkinson's Disease, EA 4559 Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologie, University of Picardy Jules Verne, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens (M.T., D.D.), the University of Lille, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Team DVCD, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé 1172, CHU Lille, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Expert Center of Parkinson's Disease, Lille Center of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Centers of Excellence in Neurodegeneration, Lille (A.K.), Service de Neurologie, Narbonne Hospital Centre, Narbonne (G.B.-F.), CHU de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, CNRS, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux (D. Guehl), the Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Poitiers, INSERM, CHU de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1402, Poitiers (O.C.), the Department of Neuromuscular Diseases and Department of Anatomy, CHRU Besançon, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon (L.T.), Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal Aix-Pertuis, Site d'Aix-en-Provence, Aix-en-Provence (D. Gayraud), and the Department of Neurology, CHU Hautepierre, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS UMR 7104, Illkirch, and Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg (C.T.) - all in France
| | - Franck Durif
- From the Department of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Image Guided Clinical Neurosciences and Connectomics, Institut Pascal (A.M., P.D., F.D., I.R.), and CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clinical Research Department, Biostatistics Unit (B.P.), Clermont-Ferrand, the Clinical Investigation Center 1436, the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neurosciences, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, INSERM, University Hospital of Toulouse and University of Toulouse 3 (M.S.-M., O.R.), and Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Université Paul Sabatier (D.A.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie, CHU Caremeau, Nîmes (G.C., M.D.V.), the Department of Neurology and Movement Disorders, Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille (F.F.), Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM, Unité 1028, CNRS, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5292, Neuroplasticity and Neuropathology of Olfactory Perception Team, Service de Neurologie C, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon (C.L.), the Neurology Department, Avicenne Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Paris-Seine Saint Denis, Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny (B.D.), Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM Unité 1050, Université PSL (B.D.), the Neurology Department (A.P.) and Unité Parkinson (S.S.), Rothschild Foundation Hospital, and Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle, INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and the Department of Neurology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière (J.-C.C.), Paris, the Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Expert Center for Parkinson's Disease, EA 4559 Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologie, University of Picardy Jules Verne, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens (M.T., D.D.), the University of Lille, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Team DVCD, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé 1172, CHU Lille, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Expert Center of Parkinson's Disease, Lille Center of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Centers of Excellence in Neurodegeneration, Lille (A.K.), Service de Neurologie, Narbonne Hospital Centre, Narbonne (G.B.-F.), CHU de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, CNRS, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux (D. Guehl), the Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Poitiers, INSERM, CHU de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1402, Poitiers (O.C.), the Department of Neuromuscular Diseases and Department of Anatomy, CHRU Besançon, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon (L.T.), Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal Aix-Pertuis, Site d'Aix-en-Provence, Aix-en-Provence (D. Gayraud), and the Department of Neurology, CHU Hautepierre, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS UMR 7104, Illkirch, and Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg (C.T.) - all in France
| | - Isabelle Rieu
- From the Department of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Image Guided Clinical Neurosciences and Connectomics, Institut Pascal (A.M., P.D., F.D., I.R.), and CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clinical Research Department, Biostatistics Unit (B.P.), Clermont-Ferrand, the Clinical Investigation Center 1436, the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neurosciences, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, INSERM, University Hospital of Toulouse and University of Toulouse 3 (M.S.-M., O.R.), and Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Université Paul Sabatier (D.A.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie, CHU Caremeau, Nîmes (G.C., M.D.V.), the Department of Neurology and Movement Disorders, Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille (F.F.), Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM, Unité 1028, CNRS, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5292, Neuroplasticity and Neuropathology of Olfactory Perception Team, Service de Neurologie C, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon (C.L.), the Neurology Department, Avicenne Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Paris-Seine Saint Denis, Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny (B.D.), Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM Unité 1050, Université PSL (B.D.), the Neurology Department (A.P.) and Unité Parkinson (S.S.), Rothschild Foundation Hospital, and Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle, INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and the Department of Neurology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière (J.-C.C.), Paris, the Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Expert Center for Parkinson's Disease, EA 4559 Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologie, University of Picardy Jules Verne, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens (M.T., D.D.), the University of Lille, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Team DVCD, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé 1172, CHU Lille, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Expert Center of Parkinson's Disease, Lille Center of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Centers of Excellence in Neurodegeneration, Lille (A.K.), Service de Neurologie, Narbonne Hospital Centre, Narbonne (G.B.-F.), CHU de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, CNRS, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux (D. Guehl), the Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Poitiers, INSERM, CHU de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1402, Poitiers (O.C.), the Department of Neuromuscular Diseases and Department of Anatomy, CHRU Besançon, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon (L.T.), Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal Aix-Pertuis, Site d'Aix-en-Provence, Aix-en-Provence (D. Gayraud), and the Department of Neurology, CHU Hautepierre, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS UMR 7104, Illkirch, and Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg (C.T.) - all in France
| |
Collapse
|