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Moraes NGDR, Bonifácio ADS, Reis FO, Velho TDA, Ramires PF, Brum RDL, Penteado JO, Da Silva Júnior FMR. Frequencies of micronuclei in buccal cells and their spatial distribution in a population living in proximity to coal mining areas in southern Brazil. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2024; 897:503783. [PMID: 39054011 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2024.503783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The extraction and burning of coal release genotoxic pollutants, and understanding the relationship between genetic damage and the spatial distribution of residences in coal-using regions is crucial. The study aimed to conduct a spatial analysis of genotoxic damage through the of micronuclei (MNs) number and their proximity to coal mining/burning in the largest coal exploration region in Brazil. In this study, the detection of genotoxic damage was performed using the MN assay in oral cells of residents exposed to coal mining activities. Spatial analysis was conducted using QGIS 3.28.10 based on information obtained from a questionnaire administered to the population. Multiple linear regression analysis was carried out to assess the influence of the distance from residential areas to polluting sources on the number of MNs found. Additionally, Spearman's correlation was performed to identify the strength and direction of the association between the frequency of MNs and each of the polluting sources. A total of 147 MNs were quantified among all participants in the coal mining region. Notably, residents living within 2 km and 10 km of pollution sources exhibited the highest prevalence of MNs. The analysis demonstrated a significant correlation between closer proximity to pollution sources and increased MN frequency, underscoring the spatial relationship between these sources and genotoxic damage. Environmental pollutants from anthropogenic sources present a major health risk, potentially leading to irreversible damage. The spatial analysis in this study highlights the importance of targeted public policies. These policies should aim for a sustainable balance between economic development and public health, promoting effective measures to mitigate environmental impacts and protect community health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niely Galeão da Rosa Moraes
- Laboratório de Ensaios Farmacológicos e Toxicológicos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, km 8, Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS 96203-900, Brazil; Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rua Visconde de Paranaguá 102- Centro, Rio Grande, RS 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Alicia da Silva Bonifácio
- Laboratório de Ensaios Farmacológicos e Toxicológicos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, km 8, Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS 96203-900, Brazil; Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rua Visconde de Paranaguá 102- Centro, Rio Grande, RS 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Oliveira Reis
- Laboratório de Ensaios Farmacológicos e Toxicológicos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, km 8, Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS 96203-900, Brazil; Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rua Visconde de Paranaguá 102- Centro, Rio Grande, RS 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Thais Dos Anjos Velho
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rua Visconde de Paranaguá 102- Centro, Rio Grande, RS 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Paula Florencio Ramires
- Laboratório de Ensaios Farmacológicos e Toxicológicos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, km 8, Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo de Lima Brum
- Laboratório de Ensaios Farmacológicos e Toxicológicos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, km 8, Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Julia Oliveira Penteado
- Laboratório de Ensaios Farmacológicos e Toxicológicos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, km 8, Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Flávio Manoel Rodrigues Da Silva Júnior
- Laboratório de Ensaios Farmacológicos e Toxicológicos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, km 8, Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS 96203-900, Brazil; Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rua Visconde de Paranaguá 102- Centro, Rio Grande, RS 96203-900, Brazil.
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Boaretto FBM, da Silva J, Scotti A, Torres JS, Garcia ALH, Rodrigues GZP, Gehlen G, Rodrigues VB, Charão MF, Soares GM, Dias JF, Picada JN. Comparative toxicity of coal and coal ash: Assessing biological impacts and potential mechanisms through in vitro and in vivo testing. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2024; 81:127343. [PMID: 38035449 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coal and coal ash present inorganic elements associated with negative impacts on environment and human health. The objective of this study was to compare the toxicity of coal and coal ash from a power plant, assess their inorganic components, and investigate the biological impacts and potential mechanisms through in vitro and in vivo testing. METHODS Particle-Induced X-ray Emission method was used to quantify inorganic elements and the toxicity was evaluated in Caenorhabditis elegans and Daphnia magna in acute and chronic procedures. The genotoxic potential was assessed using alkaline and FPG-modified Comet assay in HepG2 cells and mutagenicity was evaluated using Salmonella/microsome assay in TA97a, TA100, and TA102 strains. RESULTS Inorganic elements such as aluminum (Al) and chromium (Cr) were detected at higher concentrations in coal ash compared to coal. These elements were found to be associated with increased toxicity of coal ash in both Caenorhabditis elegans and Daphnia magna. Coal and coal ash did not induce gene mutations, but showed genotoxic effects in HepG2 cells, which were increased using the FPG enzyme, indicating DNA oxidative damage. CONCLUSIONS The combined findings from bioassays using C. elegans and D. magna support the higher toxicity of coal ash, which can be attributed to its elevated levels of inorganic elements. The genotoxicity observed in HepG2 cells confirms these results. This study highlights the need for continuous monitoring in areas affected by environmental degradation caused by coal power plants. Additionally, the analysis reveals significantly higher concentrations of various inorganic elements in coal ash compared to coal, providing insight into the specific elemental composition contributing to its increased toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda B M Boaretto
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, PPGBioSaúde, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha 8001, 92425-900 Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana da Silva
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, PPGBioSaúde, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha 8001, 92425-900 Canoas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Amanda Scotti
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, PPGBioSaúde, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha 8001, 92425-900 Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Jayne S Torres
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, PPGBioSaúde, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha 8001, 92425-900 Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana L H Garcia
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, PPGBioSaúde, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha 8001, 92425-900 Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Z P Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Posgraduate Program in Environmental Quality, University Feevale, ERS-239, 2755, 93525-075 Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
| | - Günther Gehlen
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Posgraduate Program in Environmental Quality, University Feevale, ERS-239, 2755, 93525-075 Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
| | - Vinícios B Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Bioanalyses, Posgraduate Program in Toxicology and Toxicological Analysis, University Feevale, ERS-239, 2755, 93525-075 Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariele F Charão
- Laboratory of Bioanalyses, Posgraduate Program in Toxicology and Toxicological Analysis, University Feevale, ERS-239, 2755, 93525-075 Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
| | - Guilherme M Soares
- Ion Implantation Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Agronomia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Johnny F Dias
- Ion Implantation Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Agronomia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline N Picada
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, PPGBioSaúde, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha 8001, 92425-900 Canoas, RS, Brazil.
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Souza MRD, Hilário Garcia AL, Dalberto D, Martins G, Picinini J, Souza GMSD, Chytry P, Dias JF, Bobermin LD, Quincozes-Santos A, da Silva J. Environmental exposure to mineral coal and by-products: Influence on human health and genomic instability. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 287:117346. [PMID: 34020260 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Environmental exposure to pollution generated by mining and burning coal is inevitable for people living nearby. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of coal dust on health conditions and genomic instability of individuals who live near coal mines and thermoelectric power plants, and to relate the results to inorganic elements and inflammatory responses. Thus, we evaluated 284 individuals from four cities in the south of Brazil around a region with coal mines and a thermoelectric power plant (one city was considered a negative control). The results of the Comet assay and Micronucleus (MN) test did not show a genotoxic or mutagenic effect related to environmental exposure to coal, but the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was increased in all cities around the power plant when compared to the control conditions. Higher levels of MN were associated with body mass index and cardiovascular risk, and higher levels of Damage Index (DI), TNF-α and interleukin1β (IL-1β) with number of cigarettes/day. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to integrate DNA damage and inflammatory results with inorganic elements. This study also demonstrated the relationship between zinc and MN, copper, and interleukin10 (IL-10), and among silicon and sulfur with DI and nucleoplasmic bridge. A relationship was also observed between the reduction of inorganic elements and both aging and quality of health. The use of different methodologies and the relationship between the results obtained in these studies, including different lifestyles, can increase the understanding of the interaction between this mineral and the health status of residents of regions affected by coal pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Rosa de Souza
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Postgraduate Program in Molecular and Cell Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Avenida Farroupilha, 8001 Bairro São José, CEP 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Ana Letícia Hilário Garcia
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Postgraduate Program in Molecular and Cell Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Avenida Farroupilha, 8001 Bairro São José, CEP 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Daiana Dalberto
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Postgraduate Program in Molecular and Cell Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Avenida Farroupilha, 8001 Bairro São José, CEP 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Martins
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Postgraduate Program in Molecular and Cell Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Avenida Farroupilha, 8001 Bairro São José, CEP 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana Picinini
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Postgraduate Program in Molecular and Cell Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Avenida Farroupilha, 8001 Bairro São José, CEP 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Paola Chytry
- Ion Implantation Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Johnny Ferraz Dias
- Ion Implantation Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Larissa Daniele Bobermin
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Bairro Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - André Quincozes-Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Bairro Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Juliana da Silva
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Postgraduate Program in Molecular and Cell Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Avenida Farroupilha, 8001 Bairro São José, CEP 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil
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