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Moon CM, Heo SH, Jeong YY, Lee YY, Kim SK, Shin SS. In vivo Hyperpolarized Metabolic Imaging to Monitor the Progression of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)-Related Hepatitis to Liver Fibrosis. Mol Imaging Biol 2024; 26:649-657. [PMID: 38992246 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-024-01936-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to assess metabolic changes to monitor the progression from normal liver to hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatitis and liver fibrosis using hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). PROCEDURES Hepatitis was induced in mice (n = 16) via hydrodynamic injection of HBV 1.2 plasmid (25 μg). Among them, liver fibrosis was induced in the mice (n = 8) through weight-adapted administration of thioacetamide with ethanol. Normal control mice (n = 8) were injected with a phosphate buffer solution. Subsequently, a hyperpolarized 13C MRI was performed on the mouse liver in vivo. The level of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in blood serum was measured. Statistical analysis involved comparing the differential metabolite ratios, blood biochemistry values, and body weight among the three groups using the Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance. RESULTS HBsAg was absent in the normal and fibrosis groups, while it was detected in the hepatitis group. The ratios of [1-13C] lactate/pyruvate, [1-13C] alanine/pyruvate, [1-13C] lactate/total carbon, and [1-13C] alanine/total carbon were significantly lower in the normal control group than in the hepatitis and fibrosis groups (p < 0.05). Moreover, these ratios were significantly higher in the fibrosis group than in the hepatitis group (p < 0.05). However, no significant differences were observed in either [1-13C] pyruvate-hydrate/pyruvate or [1-13C] pyruvate-hydrate/total carbon among the three groups. CONCLUSIONS The levels of [1-13C] lactate and [1-13C] alanine in vivo may serve as valuable indicators for differentiating between HBV-related hepatitis, liver fibrosis, and normal liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung Man Moon
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University, 264 Seoyang‑ro, Hwasun‑eup, Hwasun‑gun, Jeollanam‑do, 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Hee Heo
- Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, 322 Seoyang‑ro, Hwasun‑eup, Hwasun‑gun, Jeollanam‑do, 58128, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, 42 Jebong‑ro, Dong‑gu, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Yeon Jeong
- Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, 322 Seoyang‑ro, Hwasun‑eup, Hwasun‑gun, Jeollanam‑do, 58128, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, 42 Jebong‑ro, Dong‑gu, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Young Lee
- Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, 42 Jebong‑ro, Dong‑gu, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, 42 Jebong‑ro, Dong‑gu, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul Kee Kim
- Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, 322 Seoyang‑ro, Hwasun‑eup, Hwasun‑gun, Jeollanam‑do, 58128, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, 42 Jebong‑ro, Dong‑gu, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Soo Shin
- Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, 42 Jebong‑ro, Dong‑gu, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, 42 Jebong‑ro, Dong‑gu, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea.
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von Morze C, Blazey T, Shaw A, Spees WM, Shoghi KI, Ohliger MA. Detection of early-stage NASH using non-invasive hyperpolarized 13C metabolic imaging. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14854. [PMID: 38937567 PMCID: PMC11211431 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65951-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is characterized from its early stages by a profound remodeling of the liver microenvironment, encompassing changes in the composition and activities of multiple cell types and associated gene expression patterns. Hyperpolarized (HP) 13C MRI provides a unique view of the metabolic microenvironment, with potential relevance for early diagnosis of liver disease. Previous studies have detected changes in HP 13C pyruvate to lactate conversion, catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), with experimental liver injury. HP ∝ -ketobutyrate ( ∝ KB) is a close molecular analog of pyruvate with modified specificity for LDH isoforms, specifically attenuated activity with their LDHA-expressed subunits that dominate liver parenchyma. Building on recent results with pyruvate, we investigated HP ∝ KB in methionine-choline deficient (MCD) diet as a model of early-stage NASH. Similarity of results between this new agent and pyruvate (~ 50% drop in cytoplasmic reducing capacity), interpreted together with gene expression data from the model, suggests that changes are mediated through broad effects on intermediary metabolism. Plausible mechanisms are depletion of the lactate pool by upregulation of gluconeogenesis (GNG) and pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) flux, and a possible shift toward increased lactate oxidation. These changes may reflect high levels of oxidative stress and/or shifting macrophage populations in NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius von Morze
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, 4525 Scott Ave Rm 2303, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Tyler Blazey
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, 4525 Scott Ave Rm 2303, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Ashley Shaw
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, 4525 Scott Ave Rm 2303, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - William M Spees
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, 4525 Scott Ave Rm 2303, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Kooresh I Shoghi
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, 4525 Scott Ave Rm 2303, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Michael A Ohliger
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Ye Z, Song B, Lee PM, Ohliger MA, Laustsen C. Hyperpolarized carbon 13 MRI in liver diseases: Recent advances and future opportunities. Liver Int 2022; 42:973-983. [PMID: 35230742 PMCID: PMC9313895 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpolarized carbon-13 magnetic resonance imaging (HP 13 C MRI) is a recently translated metabolic imaging technique. With dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (d-DNP), more than 10 000-fold signal enhancement can be readily reached, making it possible to visualize real-time metabolism and specific substrate-to-metabolite conversions in the liver after injecting carbon-13 labelled probes. Increasing evidence suggests that HP 13 C MRI is a potential tool in detecting liver abnormalities, predicting disease progression and monitoring response treatment. In this review, we will introduce the recent progresses of HP 13 C MRI in diffuse liver diseases and liver malignancies and discuss its future opportunities from a clinical perspective, hoping to provide a comprehensive overview of this novel technique in liver diseases and highlight its scientific and clinical potential in the field of hepatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Ye
- Department of RadiologyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
- The MR Research Center, Department of Clinical MedicineAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Bin Song
- Department of RadiologyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Philip M. Lee
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical ImagingUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Michael A. Ohliger
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical ImagingUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Christoffer Laustsen
- The MR Research Center, Department of Clinical MedicineAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
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Moon CM, Shin SS, Heo SH, Lim HS, Moon MJ, Surendran SP, Kim GE, Park IW, Jeong YY. Metabolic Changes in Different Stages of Liver Fibrosis: In vivo Hyperpolarized 13C MR Spectroscopy and Metabolic Imaging. Mol Imaging Biol 2020; 21:842-851. [PMID: 30693432 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-019-01322-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective was to assess metabolic changes in different stages of liver fibrosis using hyperpolarized C-13 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and metabolic imaging. PROCEDURES Mild and severe liver fibrosis were induced in C3H/HeN mice (n = 14) by injecting thioacetamide (TAA). Other C3H/HeN mice (n = 7) were injected with phosphate buffer saline (PBS) (7.4 pH) as normal controls. Hyperpolarized C-13 MRS was performed on the livers of the mice, which was accompanied by intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) diffusion-weighted imaging with 12 b values. The differential metabolite ratios, apparent diffusion coefficient values, and IVIM parameters among the three groups were analyzed by a one-way analysis of variance test. RESULTS The ratios of [1-13C]lactate/pyruvate, [1-13C]lactate/total carbon (tC), [1-13C]alanine/pyruvate, and [1-13C] alanine/tC were significantly higher in both the mild and severe fibrosis groups than in the normal control group (p < 0.05). While the [1-13C]lactate/pyruvate and [1-13C]lactate/tC ratios were not significantly different between mild and severe fibrosis groups, the ratios of [1-13C]alanine/pyruvate and [1-13C]alanine/tC were significantly higher in the severe fibrosis group than in the mild fibrosis group (p < 0.05). In addition, D* showed a significantly lower value in the severe fibrosis group than in the normal or mild fibrosis groups and negatively correlated with the levels of [1-13C] lactate and [1-13C]alanine. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that it might be possible to differentiate mild from severe liver fibrosis using the cellular metabolic changes with hyperpolarized C-13 MRS and metabolic imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Man Moon
- Quantitative Medical Imaging Section, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, 42 Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61469, South Korea
| | - Sang-Soo Shin
- Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, 42 Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61469, South Korea.
| | - Suk-Hee Heo
- Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, 42 Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61469, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Soon Lim
- Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, 42 Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61469, South Korea
| | - Myeong-Ju Moon
- Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Ga-Eon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Woo Park
- Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, 42 Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61469, South Korea
| | - Yong-Yeon Jeong
- Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, 42 Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61469, South Korea
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Abstract
Heterocyclic aromatic amines, acrylamide, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, furan, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, nitrosamines, acrolein, chloropropanols and chloroesters are generated toxicants formed in some foodstuffs, mainly starchy and protein-rich food during thermal treatment such as frying, roasting and baking. The formation of these chemical compounds is associated with development of aromas, colors and flavors. One of the challenges facing the food industry today is to minimize these toxicants without adversely affecting the positive attributes of thermal processing. To achieve this objective, it is essential to have a detailed understanding of the mechanism of formation of these toxicants in processed foods. All reviewed toxicants in that paper are classified as probable, possible or potential human carcinogens and have been proven to be carcinogenic in animal studies. The purpose of that review is to summarize some of the most frequent occurring heat-generated food toxicants during conventional heating, their metabolism and carcinogenicity. Moreover, conventional and microwave heating were also compared as two different heat treatment methods, especially how they change food chemical composition and which thermal food toxicants are formed during specific method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Koszucka
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Adriana Nowak
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius von Morze
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco
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Kim TH, Jun HY, Kim KJ, Lee YH, Lee MS, Choi KH, Yun KJ, Jeong YY, Jun CH, Cho EY, Yoon KH. Hepatic Alanine Differentiates Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis From Simple Steatosis in Humans and Mice: A Proton MR Spectroscopy Study With Long Echo Time. J Magn Reson Imaging 2017; 46:1298-1310. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hoon Kim
- Imaging Science Research Center; Wonkwang University; Iksan Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Young Jun
- Imaging Science Research Center; Wonkwang University; Iksan Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Jong Kim
- Department of Radiology; Wonkwang University School of Medicine; Iksan Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hwan Lee
- Imaging Science Research Center; Wonkwang University; Iksan Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiology; Wonkwang University School of Medicine; Iksan Republic of Korea
| | - Myeung Su Lee
- Imaging Science Research Center; Wonkwang University; Iksan Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine; Wonkwang University School of Medicine; Iksan Republic of Korea
| | - Keum Ha Choi
- Department of Pathology; Wonkwang University School of Medicine; Iksan Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Jung Yun
- Department of Pathology; Wonkwang University School of Medicine; Iksan Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Yeon Jeong
- Department of Radiology; Chonnam National University Medical School; Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Hwan Jun
- Department of Internal Medicine; Chonnam National University Hospital; Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine; Wonkwang University School of Medicine; Iksan Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon-Ha Yoon
- Imaging Science Research Center; Wonkwang University; Iksan Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiology; Wonkwang University School of Medicine; Iksan Republic of Korea
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Metabolic biomarkers for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease induced by high-fat diet: In vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy of hyperpolarized [1-13C] pyruvate. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 482:112-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.08.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Kim GW, Ahn KY, Kim YH, Jeong GW. Time-course metabolic changes in high-fat diet-induced obesity rats: A pilot study using hyperpolarized (13)C dynamic MRS. Magn Reson Imaging 2016; 34:1199-205. [PMID: 27374624 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the time-course metabolic changes based on hyperpolarized (13)C magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity rats and the correlation between metabolic and serum enzyme levels. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either HFD (60% fat) or normal diet (10% fat) for 6weeks. A HyperSense DNP was used to hyperpolarize [1-(13)C] pyruvic acid and the hyperpolarized (13)C MRS was examined every 2weeks in the course of 6weeks using a 3T GE MR750 scanner. The body weight of HFD-induced obese rats was significantly increased compared to normal rats at the 6th week after the onset of feeding (p=0.05). Simultaneously, the HFD-induced obese rats showed significantly increased levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol compared to normal rats (p≤0.05). In the dynamic (13)C MR spectra acquired at the 6th week, the obese rats showed significantly increased ratios of [1-(13)C] lactate/[1-(13)C] pyruvate and [1-(13)C] alanine/[1-(13)C] pyruvate (p=0.05). The (13)C spectral outcomes are positively correlated with the enzyme levels of ALT and LDH in the HFD-induced obesity. The [1-(13)C] lactate and [1-(13)C] alanine are potentially considered as noninvasive biomarkers for the HFD-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwang-Won Kim
- Research Institute for Medical Imaging, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Youn Ahn
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Hyeon Kim
- Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang-Woo Jeong
- Research Institute for Medical Imaging, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
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