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Liu F, Bi M, Jing X, Ding H, Zeng J, Zheng R, Chen Y, Wang W, Xie X, Mi C, Chen M, Cheng W, Zhang S, Wang Z, Zhang C, Zhou H, Cheng Z, Han Z, Yu J, Liang P. Multiparametric US for Identifying Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Steatohepatitis: A Prospective Multicenter Study. Radiology 2024; 310:e232416. [PMID: 38501954 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.232416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Background Noninvasive evaluation of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) with multiparametric US is essential, but multicenter studies are lacking. Purpose To evaluate the ability of multiparametric US with attenuation imaging (ATI) and two-dimensional (2D) shear-wave elastography (SWE) for predicting metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) in participants with MAFLD, regardless of hepatitis B virus infection status. Materials and Methods This prospective cross-sectional multicenter study of consecutive adults with MAFLD who underwent multiparametric US with ATI and 2D SWE, as well as liver biopsy, from September 2020 to June 2022 was conducted in 12 tertiary hospitals in China. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to assess risk factors associated with MASH. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) analysis was used to evaluate diagnostic performance in predicting MASH in training and validation groups (6:4 ratio of participants), and for a post hoc subgroup analysis of hepatitis B virus infection and diabetes. Results A total of 424 participants (median age, 47 years; IQR, 34-59 years; 244 male) were evaluated, including 332 participants (78%) with MASH and 92 (22%) without. Attenuation coefficient (AC) (odds ratio [OR], 3.32 [95% CI: 1.94, 5.71]; P < .001), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level (OR, 4.42 [95% CI: 1.78, 10.94]; P = .001), and international normalized ratio (INR) (OR, 0.59 [95% CI: 0.37, 0.95]; P = .03) were independently associated with MASH. A combined model (AC, ALT, and INR) had AUCs of 0.85 (95% CI: 0.79, 0.91) and 0.77 (95% CI: 0.69, 0.85) for predicting MASH in the training and validation groups, respectively. AUC values for the subgroups with and without diabetes were 0.83 (95% CI: 0.72, 0.94) and 0.81 (95% CI: 0.75, 0.87) and for the subgroups with and without hepatitis B were 0.82 (95% CI: 0.74, 0.90) and 0.79 (95% CI: 0.71, 0.87), respectively. Conclusion A model combining AC, ALT level, and INR showed good discrimination ability for predicting MASH in participants with MAFLD. Clinical trial registration no. NCT04551716 © RSNA, 2024 Supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Reuter in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyi Liu
- From the Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Rd, Beijing 100853, China (F.L., M.B., Z.C., Z.H., J.Y., P.L.); Department of Ultrasound, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China (X.J., H.Z.); Department of Ultrasound, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (H.D.); Department of Medical Ultrasound, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.Z., R.Z.); Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Y.C.); Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (W.W.); Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (X.X.); Department of Ultrasound, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China (C.M.); Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (M.C.); Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China (W.C.); Department of Ultrasound, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, China (S.Z.); Department of Pathology, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (Z.W.); and Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China (C.Z.)
| | - Mingsen Bi
- From the Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Rd, Beijing 100853, China (F.L., M.B., Z.C., Z.H., J.Y., P.L.); Department of Ultrasound, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China (X.J., H.Z.); Department of Ultrasound, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (H.D.); Department of Medical Ultrasound, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.Z., R.Z.); Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Y.C.); Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (W.W.); Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (X.X.); Department of Ultrasound, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China (C.M.); Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (M.C.); Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China (W.C.); Department of Ultrasound, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, China (S.Z.); Department of Pathology, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (Z.W.); and Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China (C.Z.)
| | - Xiang Jing
- From the Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Rd, Beijing 100853, China (F.L., M.B., Z.C., Z.H., J.Y., P.L.); Department of Ultrasound, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China (X.J., H.Z.); Department of Ultrasound, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (H.D.); Department of Medical Ultrasound, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.Z., R.Z.); Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Y.C.); Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (W.W.); Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (X.X.); Department of Ultrasound, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China (C.M.); Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (M.C.); Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China (W.C.); Department of Ultrasound, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, China (S.Z.); Department of Pathology, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (Z.W.); and Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China (C.Z.)
| | - Hong Ding
- From the Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Rd, Beijing 100853, China (F.L., M.B., Z.C., Z.H., J.Y., P.L.); Department of Ultrasound, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China (X.J., H.Z.); Department of Ultrasound, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (H.D.); Department of Medical Ultrasound, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.Z., R.Z.); Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Y.C.); Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (W.W.); Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (X.X.); Department of Ultrasound, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China (C.M.); Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (M.C.); Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China (W.C.); Department of Ultrasound, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, China (S.Z.); Department of Pathology, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (Z.W.); and Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China (C.Z.)
| | - Jie Zeng
- From the Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Rd, Beijing 100853, China (F.L., M.B., Z.C., Z.H., J.Y., P.L.); Department of Ultrasound, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China (X.J., H.Z.); Department of Ultrasound, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (H.D.); Department of Medical Ultrasound, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.Z., R.Z.); Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Y.C.); Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (W.W.); Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (X.X.); Department of Ultrasound, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China (C.M.); Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (M.C.); Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China (W.C.); Department of Ultrasound, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, China (S.Z.); Department of Pathology, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (Z.W.); and Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China (C.Z.)
| | - Rongqin Zheng
- From the Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Rd, Beijing 100853, China (F.L., M.B., Z.C., Z.H., J.Y., P.L.); Department of Ultrasound, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China (X.J., H.Z.); Department of Ultrasound, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (H.D.); Department of Medical Ultrasound, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.Z., R.Z.); Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Y.C.); Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (W.W.); Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (X.X.); Department of Ultrasound, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China (C.M.); Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (M.C.); Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China (W.C.); Department of Ultrasound, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, China (S.Z.); Department of Pathology, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (Z.W.); and Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China (C.Z.)
| | - Yaqing Chen
- From the Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Rd, Beijing 100853, China (F.L., M.B., Z.C., Z.H., J.Y., P.L.); Department of Ultrasound, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China (X.J., H.Z.); Department of Ultrasound, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (H.D.); Department of Medical Ultrasound, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.Z., R.Z.); Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Y.C.); Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (W.W.); Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (X.X.); Department of Ultrasound, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China (C.M.); Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (M.C.); Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China (W.C.); Department of Ultrasound, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, China (S.Z.); Department of Pathology, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (Z.W.); and Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China (C.Z.)
| | - Wenping Wang
- From the Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Rd, Beijing 100853, China (F.L., M.B., Z.C., Z.H., J.Y., P.L.); Department of Ultrasound, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China (X.J., H.Z.); Department of Ultrasound, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (H.D.); Department of Medical Ultrasound, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.Z., R.Z.); Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Y.C.); Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (W.W.); Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (X.X.); Department of Ultrasound, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China (C.M.); Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (M.C.); Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China (W.C.); Department of Ultrasound, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, China (S.Z.); Department of Pathology, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (Z.W.); and Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China (C.Z.)
| | - Xiaoyan Xie
- From the Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Rd, Beijing 100853, China (F.L., M.B., Z.C., Z.H., J.Y., P.L.); Department of Ultrasound, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China (X.J., H.Z.); Department of Ultrasound, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (H.D.); Department of Medical Ultrasound, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.Z., R.Z.); Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Y.C.); Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (W.W.); Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (X.X.); Department of Ultrasound, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China (C.M.); Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (M.C.); Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China (W.C.); Department of Ultrasound, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, China (S.Z.); Department of Pathology, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (Z.W.); and Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China (C.Z.)
| | - Chengrong Mi
- From the Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Rd, Beijing 100853, China (F.L., M.B., Z.C., Z.H., J.Y., P.L.); Department of Ultrasound, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China (X.J., H.Z.); Department of Ultrasound, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (H.D.); Department of Medical Ultrasound, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.Z., R.Z.); Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Y.C.); Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (W.W.); Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (X.X.); Department of Ultrasound, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China (C.M.); Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (M.C.); Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China (W.C.); Department of Ultrasound, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, China (S.Z.); Department of Pathology, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (Z.W.); and Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China (C.Z.)
| | - Man Chen
- From the Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Rd, Beijing 100853, China (F.L., M.B., Z.C., Z.H., J.Y., P.L.); Department of Ultrasound, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China (X.J., H.Z.); Department of Ultrasound, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (H.D.); Department of Medical Ultrasound, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.Z., R.Z.); Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Y.C.); Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (W.W.); Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (X.X.); Department of Ultrasound, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China (C.M.); Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (M.C.); Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China (W.C.); Department of Ultrasound, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, China (S.Z.); Department of Pathology, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (Z.W.); and Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China (C.Z.)
| | - Wen Cheng
- From the Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Rd, Beijing 100853, China (F.L., M.B., Z.C., Z.H., J.Y., P.L.); Department of Ultrasound, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China (X.J., H.Z.); Department of Ultrasound, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (H.D.); Department of Medical Ultrasound, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.Z., R.Z.); Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Y.C.); Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (W.W.); Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (X.X.); Department of Ultrasound, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China (C.M.); Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (M.C.); Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China (W.C.); Department of Ultrasound, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, China (S.Z.); Department of Pathology, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (Z.W.); and Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China (C.Z.)
| | - Shuhua Zhang
- From the Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Rd, Beijing 100853, China (F.L., M.B., Z.C., Z.H., J.Y., P.L.); Department of Ultrasound, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China (X.J., H.Z.); Department of Ultrasound, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (H.D.); Department of Medical Ultrasound, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.Z., R.Z.); Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Y.C.); Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (W.W.); Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (X.X.); Department of Ultrasound, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China (C.M.); Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (M.C.); Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China (W.C.); Department of Ultrasound, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, China (S.Z.); Department of Pathology, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (Z.W.); and Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China (C.Z.)
| | - Zhanbo Wang
- From the Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Rd, Beijing 100853, China (F.L., M.B., Z.C., Z.H., J.Y., P.L.); Department of Ultrasound, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China (X.J., H.Z.); Department of Ultrasound, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (H.D.); Department of Medical Ultrasound, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.Z., R.Z.); Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Y.C.); Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (W.W.); Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (X.X.); Department of Ultrasound, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China (C.M.); Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (M.C.); Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China (W.C.); Department of Ultrasound, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, China (S.Z.); Department of Pathology, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (Z.W.); and Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China (C.Z.)
| | - Chunquan Zhang
- From the Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Rd, Beijing 100853, China (F.L., M.B., Z.C., Z.H., J.Y., P.L.); Department of Ultrasound, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China (X.J., H.Z.); Department of Ultrasound, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (H.D.); Department of Medical Ultrasound, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.Z., R.Z.); Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Y.C.); Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (W.W.); Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (X.X.); Department of Ultrasound, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China (C.M.); Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (M.C.); Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China (W.C.); Department of Ultrasound, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, China (S.Z.); Department of Pathology, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (Z.W.); and Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China (C.Z.)
| | - Hongyu Zhou
- From the Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Rd, Beijing 100853, China (F.L., M.B., Z.C., Z.H., J.Y., P.L.); Department of Ultrasound, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China (X.J., H.Z.); Department of Ultrasound, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (H.D.); Department of Medical Ultrasound, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.Z., R.Z.); Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Y.C.); Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (W.W.); Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (X.X.); Department of Ultrasound, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China (C.M.); Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (M.C.); Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China (W.C.); Department of Ultrasound, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, China (S.Z.); Department of Pathology, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (Z.W.); and Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China (C.Z.)
| | - Zhigang Cheng
- From the Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Rd, Beijing 100853, China (F.L., M.B., Z.C., Z.H., J.Y., P.L.); Department of Ultrasound, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China (X.J., H.Z.); Department of Ultrasound, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (H.D.); Department of Medical Ultrasound, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.Z., R.Z.); Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Y.C.); Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (W.W.); Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (X.X.); Department of Ultrasound, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China (C.M.); Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (M.C.); Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China (W.C.); Department of Ultrasound, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, China (S.Z.); Department of Pathology, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (Z.W.); and Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China (C.Z.)
| | - Zhiyu Han
- From the Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Rd, Beijing 100853, China (F.L., M.B., Z.C., Z.H., J.Y., P.L.); Department of Ultrasound, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China (X.J., H.Z.); Department of Ultrasound, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (H.D.); Department of Medical Ultrasound, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.Z., R.Z.); Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Y.C.); Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (W.W.); Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (X.X.); Department of Ultrasound, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China (C.M.); Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (M.C.); Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China (W.C.); Department of Ultrasound, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, China (S.Z.); Department of Pathology, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (Z.W.); and Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China (C.Z.)
| | - Jie Yu
- From the Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Rd, Beijing 100853, China (F.L., M.B., Z.C., Z.H., J.Y., P.L.); Department of Ultrasound, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China (X.J., H.Z.); Department of Ultrasound, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (H.D.); Department of Medical Ultrasound, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.Z., R.Z.); Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Y.C.); Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (W.W.); Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (X.X.); Department of Ultrasound, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China (C.M.); Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (M.C.); Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China (W.C.); Department of Ultrasound, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, China (S.Z.); Department of Pathology, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (Z.W.); and Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China (C.Z.)
| | - Ping Liang
- From the Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Rd, Beijing 100853, China (F.L., M.B., Z.C., Z.H., J.Y., P.L.); Department of Ultrasound, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China (X.J., H.Z.); Department of Ultrasound, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (H.D.); Department of Medical Ultrasound, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.Z., R.Z.); Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Y.C.); Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (W.W.); Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (X.X.); Department of Ultrasound, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China (C.M.); Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (M.C.); Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China (W.C.); Department of Ultrasound, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, China (S.Z.); Department of Pathology, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (Z.W.); and Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China (C.Z.)
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