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Reiss S, Thielmann J, Fischer J, Lottner T, Maier A, Westermann D, von Zur Mühlen C, Heidt T, Bock M. Combination of high resolution MRI with 3D-printed needle guides for ex vivo myocardial biopsies. Sci Rep 2024; 14:606. [PMID: 38182761 PMCID: PMC10770147 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50943-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides a multitude of techniques to detect and characterize myocardial infarction. To correlate MRI findings with histology, in most cases terminal animal studies are performed; however, precise extraction and spatial correlation of myocardial tissue samples to MRI image data is difficult. In this proof of concept study, we present a 3D-printing technique to facilitate the extraction of tissue samples from myocardial regions. Initially, seven pig hearts embedded in formaldehyde were imaged on a clinical 3 T system to define biopsy targets on high resolution ex vivo images. Magnitude images and R2*-maps acquired with a 3D multi-echo gradient echo sequence and 0.58 mm isotropic resolution were used to create digital models of the cardiac anatomy. Biopsy guides were 3D-printed to steer the extraction of myocardial samples. In total, 61 tissue samples were extracted with an average offset of the tissue sample location from the target location of 0.59 ± 0.36 mm. This offset was not dependent on the distance of the target point to the epicardial surface. Myocardial tissue could be extracted from all samples. The presented method enables extraction of myocardial tissue samples that are selected by ex vivo MRI with submillimeter precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Reiss
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Killianstr. 5a, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Julien Thielmann
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Fischer
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Killianstr. 5a, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Lottner
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Killianstr. 5a, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Maier
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Westermann
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Constantin von Zur Mühlen
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Timo Heidt
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Bock
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Killianstr. 5a, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
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Stoeck CT, von Deuster C, Fuetterer M, Polacin M, Waschkies CF, van Gorkum RJH, Kron M, Fleischmann T, Cesarovic N, Weisskopf M, Kozerke S. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging of functional and microstructural changes of the heart in a longitudinal pig model of acute to chronic myocardial infarction. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2021; 23:103. [PMID: 34538266 PMCID: PMC8451129 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-021-00794-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined the dynamic response of the myocardium to infarction in a longitudinal porcine study using relaxometry, functional as well as diffusion cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). We sought to compare non contrast CMR methods like relaxometry and in-vivo diffusion to contrast enhanced imaging and investigate the link of microstructural and functional changes in the acute and chronically infarcted heart. METHODS CMR was performed on five myocardial infarction pigs and four healthy controls. In the infarction group, measurements were obtained 2 weeks before 90 min occlusion of the left circumflex artery, 6 days after ischemia and at 5 as well as 9 weeks as chronic follow-up. The timing of measurements was replicated in the control cohort. Imaging consisted of functional cine imaging, 3D tagging, T2 mapping, native as well as gadolinium enhanced T1 mapping, cardiac diffusion tensor imaging, and late gadolinium enhancement imaging. RESULTS Native T1, extracellular volume (ECV) and mean diffusivity (MD) were significantly elevated in the infarcted region while fractional anisotropy (FA) was significantly reduced. During the transition from acute to chronic stages, native T1 presented minor changes (< 3%). ECV as well as MD increased from acute to the chronic stages compared to baseline: ECV: 125 ± 24% (day 6) 157 ± 24% (week 5) 146 ± 60% (week 9), MD: 17 ± 7% (day 6) 33 ± 14% (week 5) 29 ± 15% (week 9) and FA was further reduced: - 31 ± 10% (day 6) - 38 ± 8% (week 5) - 36 ± 14% (week 9). T2 as marker for myocardial edema was significantly increased in the ischemic area only during the acute stage (83 ± 3 ms infarction vs. 58 ± 2 ms control p < 0.001 and 61 ± 2 ms in the remote area p < 0.001). The analysis of functional imaging revealed reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, global longitudinal strain and torsion in the infarct group. At the same time the transmural helix angle (HA) gradient was steeper in the chronic follow-up and a correlation between longitudinal strain and transmural HA gradient was detected (r = 0.59 with p < 0.05). Comparing non-gadolinium enhanced data T2 mapping showed the largest relative change between infarct and remote during the acute stage (+ 33 ± 4% day 6, with p = 0.013 T2 vs. MD, p = 0.009 T2 vs. FA and p = 0.01 T2 vs. T1) while FA exhibited the largest relative change between infarct and remote during the chronic follow-up (+ 31 ± 2% week 5, with p = N.S. FA vs. MD, p = 0.03 FA vs. T2 and p = 0.003 FA vs. T1). Overall, diffusion parameters provided a higher contrast (> 23% for MD and > 27% for FA) during follow-up compared to relaxometry (T1 17-18%/T2 10-20%). CONCLUSION During chronic follow-up after myocardial infarction, cardiac diffusion tensor imaging provides a higher sensitivity for mapping microstructural alterations when compared to non-contrast enhanced relaxometry with the added benefit of providing directional tensor information to assess remodelling of myocyte aggregate orientations, which cannot be otherwise assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian T. Stoeck
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Surgical Research, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Constantin von Deuster
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maximilian Fuetterer
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Malgorzata Polacin
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Conny F. Waschkies
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Surgical Research, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Robbert J. H. van Gorkum
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mareike Kron
- Division of Surgical Research, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thea Fleischmann
- Division of Surgical Research, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nikola Cesarovic
- Division of Surgical Research, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Translational Cardiovascular Technologies, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Miriam Weisskopf
- Division of Surgical Research, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Kozerke
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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3
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Mayr A, Pamminger M, Reindl M, Greulich S, Reinstadler SJ, Tiller C, Holzknecht M, Nalbach T, Plappert D, Kranewitter C, Klug G, Metzler B. Mitral annular plane systolic excursion by cardiac MR is an easy tool for optimized prognosis assessment in ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Eur Radiol 2019; 30:620-629. [PMID: 31392477 PMCID: PMC6890588 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-019-06393-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to assess the comparative prognostic value of mitral annular plane systolic excursion (MAPSE) versus left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), measured by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI). METHODS CMR was performed in 255 STEMI patients within 2 days (interquartile range (IQR) 2-4 days) after infarction. CMR included MAPSE measurement on CINE 4-chamber view. Patients were followed for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE)-death, non-fatal myocardial re-infarction, stroke, and new congestive heart failure. RESULTS Patients with MACE (n = 35, 14%, median follow-up 3 years [IQR 1-4 years]) showed significantly lower MAPSE (8 mm [7-8.8] vs. 9.6 mm [8.1-11.5], p < 0.001). The association between decreased MAPSE (< 9 mm, optimal cut-off value by c-statistics) remained significant after adjustment for independent clinical and CMR predictors of MACE. The AUC of MAPSE for the prediction of MACE was 0.74 (CI 95% 0.65-0.82), significantly higher than that of LVEF (0.61 [CI 95% 0.50-0.71]; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Reduced long-axis function assessed with MAPSE measurement using CINE CMR independently predicts long-term prognosis following STEMI. Moreover, MAPSE provided significantly higher prognostic implication in comparison with conventional LVEF measurement. KEY POINTS • MAPSE determined by CMR independently predicts long-term prognosis following STEMI. • MACE-free survival is significantly higher in patients with MAPSE ≥ 9 mm than < 9 mm. • MAPSE provides significantly higher prognostic implication than conventional LVEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Mayr
- University Clinic of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Mathias Pamminger
- University Clinic of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Reindl
- University Clinic of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Angiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Simon Greulich
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried Müller-Straße 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian J Reinstadler
- University Clinic of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Angiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christina Tiller
- University Clinic of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Angiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Magdalena Holzknecht
- University Clinic of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Angiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Timo Nalbach
- University Clinic of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - David Plappert
- University Clinic of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christof Kranewitter
- University Clinic of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gert Klug
- University Clinic of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Angiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bernhard Metzler
- University Clinic of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Angiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
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Zhu T, Zeng W, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Sun J, Liang Z, Yang Z, Cheng W, Wang L, Song B, Wu B, Wang F, Liang Y, Gong L, Zheng J, Gao F. 2D/3D CMR tissue tracking versus CMR tagging in the assessment of spontaneous T2DM rhesus monkeys with isolated diastolic dysfunction. BMC Med Imaging 2018; 18:47. [PMID: 30477437 PMCID: PMC6258387 DOI: 10.1186/s12880-018-0288-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spontaneous T2DM in rhesus monkeys manifests as isolated diastolic dysfunction in the early stage of diabetic cardiomyopathy, similar to humans. Myocardial deformation measurements have emerged as a superior way to measure left ventricular (LV) function in the early stage of cardiac dysfunction, making it possible to further evaluate early-stage LV dysfunction in spontaneous T2DM rhesus monkeys. METHODS Spontaneous T2DM rhesus monkeys with isolated diastolic dysfunction (T2DM-DD, n = 10) and corresponding nondiabetic healthy animals (ND, n = 9) were prospectively scanned for a CMR study. Circumferential and longitudinal peak systolic strain (Ecc, Ell), time to peak strain (tEcc, tEll) and peak diastolic strain rate (CSR, LSR) obtained from 2D/3D CMR-TT were compared with those obtained from CMR tagging separately. In addition, all CMR imaging protocols were performed twice in 9 ND animals to assess test-retest reproducibility. RESULTS Compared with the ND group, the T2DM-DD monkeys demonstrated significantly impaired LV Ecc (- 10.63 ± 3.23 vs - 14.18 ± 3.19, p < 0.05), CSR (65.50 ± 14.48 vs 65.50 ± 14.48, p < 0.01), Ell (- 9.11 ± 2.59 vs - 14.17 ± 1.68, p < 0.05), and LSR (59.43 ± 19.17 vs 108.46 ± 22.33, p < 0.01) with the tagging. Only Ecc (- 13.10 ± 2.47 vs - 19.03 ± 3.69, p < 0.01) and CSR (148.90 ± 31.27 vs 202.00 ± 51.88, p < 0.01) were significantly reduced with 2D CMR-TT, and only Ecc (- 13.77 ± 1.98 vs - 17.26 ± 3.78, p < 0.05) was significantly reduced with 3D CMR-TT. Moreover, 2D/3D CMR-TT-derived Ecc and CSR correlated with the corresponding tagging values collectively, with a statistically significant ICC value (p < 0.05). Test-retest repeatability analysis showed that most tagging-derived biomarkers had acceptable repeatability (p < 0.01). In addition, 2D CMR-TT-derived indicators were poorer than those derived from the tagging method but better than those obtained using the 3D method, with larger ICCs except for tEcc (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS LV systolic and diastolic deformations were impaired in spontaneous T2DM rhesus monkeys previously diagnosed with isolated diastolic dysfunction by echocardiography. The 2D CMR-TT-derived Ecc and CSR were effective in the evaluation of the myocardial systolic and diastolic functions of early-diabetic cardiomyopathy, with relatively higher test-retest reproducibility and acceptable correlation with the tagging method compared with the 3D CMR-TT method.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Case-Control Studies
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diagnostic imaging
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/physiopathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Heart Failure, Diastolic/diagnostic imaging
- Heart Failure, Diastolic/physiopathology
- Humans
- Macaca mulatta
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine/methods
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/diagnostic imaging
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/physiopathology
- Ventricular Function, Left
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhu
- 0000 0001 0807 1581grid.13291.38Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue alley, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan Province China
| | - Wen Zeng
- Sichuan Primed Shines Bio-tech Co., Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Yushu Chen
- 0000 0001 0807 1581grid.13291.38Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue alley, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan Province China
| | - Yu Zhang
- 0000 0001 0807 1581grid.13291.38Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue alley, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan Province China
| | - Jiayu Sun
- 0000 0001 0807 1581grid.13291.38Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue alley, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan Province China
| | - Zhigang Liang
- Sichuan Primed Shines Bio-tech Co., Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Zunyuan Yang
- Sichuan Primed Shines Bio-tech Co., Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- 0000 0001 0807 1581grid.13291.38Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue alley, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan Province China
| | - Lei Wang
- 0000 0001 0807 1581grid.13291.38Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue alley, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan Province China
| | - Bin Song
- 0000 0001 0807 1581grid.13291.38Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue alley, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan Province China
| | - Bing Wu
- 0000 0001 0807 1581grid.13291.38Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue alley, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan Province China
| | - Fangtong Wang
- Sichuan Primed Shines Bio-tech Co., Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Yinan Liang
- Sichuan Primed Shines Bio-tech Co., Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Gong
- Sichuan Primed Shines Bio-tech Co., Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- 0000 0001 2355 7002grid.4367.6Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Fabao Gao
- 0000 0001 0807 1581grid.13291.38Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue alley, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan Province China
- Sichuan Primed Shines Bio-tech Co., Ltd, Chengdu, China
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Tan MY, Xia B, Xiao Z, Fan ZW, Zhou H, Guo X, Huang YC. Development of a new model for acute myocardial infarction in rabbits. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:467-473. [PMID: 28111375 PMCID: PMC5383163 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.16-0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The rabbit left anterior descending coronary artery is not macroscopically apparent; this often leads to failure in creation of an acute myocardial infarction
(AMI) model. In order to devise a simple method with good reproducibility and high success rate for use as a rabbit AMI model, a new surgical technique was
developed, in which the obtuse marginal (OM) branch of the left circumflex coronary artery was coagulated with an electric knife using a left parasternal
approach. Four weeks after OM branch coagulation, an electrocardiogram (ECG), blood biochemistry analysis, echocardiographic measurements and pathologic
analysis were performed. The left parasternal approach provided the surgeon clear visualization of the targeted blood vessel to accurately identify the proper
site to occlude. The successful development of AMI was confirmed by ST segment elevation on the ECG, by high levels of AMI-related markers in blood samples, by
cardiac functional damage reflected on echocardiographic images and by changes in pathological sections. Furthermore, an acceptable success rate and low
mortality were achieved. Hence, this surgical technique was suggested to be a highly reliable and reproducible method to induce AMI in rabbits for the
assessment of new therapeutic interventions or regenerative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Yun Tan
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
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Nguyen C, Fan Z, Xie Y, Pang J, Speier P, Bi X, Kobashigawa J, Li D. In vivo diffusion-tensor MRI of the human heart on a 3 tesla clinical scanner: An optimized second order (M2) motion compensated diffusion-preparation approach. Magn Reson Med 2016; 76:1354-1363. [PMID: 27550078 PMCID: PMC5067209 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To optimize a diffusion-prepared balanced steady-state free precession cardiac MRI (CMR) technique to perform diffusion-tensor CMR (DT-CMR) in humans on a 3 Tesla clinical scanner METHODS: A previously developed second order motion compensated (M2) diffusion-preparation scheme was significantly shortened (40%) yielding sufficient signal-to-noise ratio for DT-CMR imaging. In 20 healthy volunteers and 3 heart failure (HF) patients, DT-CMR was performed comparing no motion compensation (M0), first order motion compensation (M1), and the optimized M2. Mean diffusivity (MD), fractional anisotropy (FA), helix angle (HA), and HA transmural slope (HATS) were calculated. Reproducibility and success rate (SR) were investigated. RESULTS M2-derived left ventricular (LV) MD, FA, and HATS (1.4 ± 0.2 μm2 /ms, 0.28 ± 0.06, -1.0 ± 0.2 °/%trans) were significantly (P < 0.001) less than M1 (1.8 ± 0.3 μm2 /ms, 0.46 ± 0.14, -0.1 ± 0.3 °/%trans) and M0 (4.8 ± 1.0 μm2 /ms, 0.70 ± 0.14, 0.1 ± 0.3 °/%trans) indicating less motion corruption and yielding values more consistent with previous literature. M2-derived DT-CMR parameters had higher reproducible (ICC > 0.85) and SR (82%) than M1 (ICC = 0.20-0.85; SR = 37%) and M0 (ICC = 0.20-0.30; SR = 11%). M2 DT-CMR was able to yield HA maps with smooth transmural transition from endocardium to epicardium. CONCLUSION The proposed M2 DT-CMR reproducibly yielded bulk motion robust estimations of mean LV MD, FA, HA, and HATS on a 3T clinical scanner. Magn Reson Med 76:1354-1363, 2016. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Nguyen
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Zhaoyang Fan
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yibin Xie
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jianing Pang
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Xiaoming Bi
- Siemens Healthcare, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jon Kobashigawa
- Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Debiao Li
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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