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Johansson J, Lagerstrand K, Björkman-Burtscher IM, Laesser M, Hebelka H, Maier SE. Normal Brain and Brain Tumor ADC: Changes Resulting From Variation of Diffusion Time and/or Echo Time in Pulsed-Gradient Spin Echo Diffusion Imaging. Invest Radiol 2024; 59:727-736. [PMID: 38587357 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000001081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Increasing gradient performance on modern magnetic resonance imaging scanners has profoundly reduced the attainable diffusion and echo times for clinically available pulsed-gradient spin echo (PGSE) sequences. This study investigated how this may impact the measured apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), which is considered an important diagnostic marker for differentiation between normal and abnormal brain tissue and for therapeutic follow-up. MATERIALS AND METHODS Diffusion time and echo time dependence of the ADC were evaluated on a high-performance 3 T magnetic resonance imaging scanner. Diffusion PGSE brain scans were performed in 10 healthy volunteers and in 10 brain tumor patients using diffusion times of 16, 40, and 70 ms, echo times of 60, 75, and 104 ms at 3 b-values (0, 100, and 1000 s/mm 2 ), and a maximum gradient amplitude of 68 mT/m. A low gradient performance system was also emulated by reducing the diffusion encoding gradient amplitude to 19 mT/m. In healthy subjects, the ADC was measured in 6 deep gray matter regions and in 6 white matter regions. In patients, the ADC was measured in the solid part of the tumor. RESULTS With increasing diffusion time, a small but significant ADC increase of up to 2.5% was observed for 6 aggregate deep gray matter structures. With increasing echo time or reduced gradient performance, a small but significant ADC decrease of up to 2.6% was observed for 6 aggregate white matter structures. In tumors, diffusion time-related ADC changes were inconsistent without clear trend. For tumors with diffusivity above 1.0 μm 2 /ms, with prolonged echo time, there was a pronounced ADC increase of up to 12%. Meanwhile, for tumors with diffusivity at or below 1.0 μm 2 /ms, no change or a reduction was observed. Similar results were observed for gradient performance reduction, with an increase of up to 21%. The coefficient of variation determined in repeat experiments was 2.4%. CONCLUSIONS For PGSE and the explored parameter range, normal tissue ADC changes seem negligible. Meanwhile, observed tumor ADC changes can be relevant if ADC is used as a quantitative biomarker and not merely assessed by visual inspection. This highlights the importance of reporting all pertinent timing parameters in ADC studies and of considering these effects when building scan protocols for use in multicenter investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Johansson
- From the Department of Radiology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden (J.J., I.M.B.-B., M.L., H.H., S.E.M.); Department of Medical Radiation Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden (K.L.); Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden (J.J., K.L.); Department of Radiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden (I.M.B.-B., M.L., H.H.); and Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (S.E.M.)
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Cao Y, Lu Y, Shao W, Zhai W, Song J, Zhang A, Huang S, Zhao X, Cheng W, Wu F, Chen T. Time-dependent diffusion MRI-based microstructural mapping for differentiating high-grade serous ovarian cancer from serous borderline ovarian tumor. Eur J Radiol 2024; 178:111622. [PMID: 39018648 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2024.111622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the value of microstructural characteristics derived from time-dependent diffusion MRI in distinguishing high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) from serous borderline ovarian tumor (SBOT) and the associations of immunohistochemical markers with microstructural features. METHODS Totally 34 HGSOC and 12 SBOT cases who received preoperative pelvic MRI were retrospectively included in this study. Two radiologists delineated the tumors to obtain the regions of interest (ROIs). Time-dependent diffusion MRI signals were fitted by the IMPULSED (imaging microstructural parameters using limited spectrally edited diffusion) model, to extract microstructural parameters, including fraction of the intracellular component (fin), cell diameter (d), cellularity and extracellular diffusivity (Dex). Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were obtained from standard diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). The parameters of HGSOCs and SBOTs were compared, and the diagnostic performance was evaluated. The associations of microstructural indexes with immunopathological parameters were assessed, including Ki-67, P53, Pax-8, ER and PR. RESULTS In this study, fin, cellularity, Dex and ADC had good diagnostic performance levels in differentiating HGSOC from SBOT, with AUCs of 0.936, 0.909, 0.902 and 0.914, respectively. There were no significant differences in diagnostic performance among these parameters. Spearman analysis revealed in the HGSOC group, cellularity had a significant positive correlation with P53 expression (P = 0.028, r = 0.389) and Dex had a significant positive correlation with Pax-8 expression (P = 0.018, r = 0.415). ICC showed excellent agreement for all parameters. CONCLUSION Time-dependent diffusion MRI had value in evaluating the microstructures of HGSOC and SBOT and could discriminate between these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Cao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, China
| | - Yao Lu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenhui Shao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiling Zhai
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiacheng Song
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, China
| | - Aining Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, China
| | - Shan Huang
- Philips (China) Investment Co. Ltd Building A1, No 718, Ling Shi Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiance Zhao
- Philips (China) Investment Co. Ltd Building A1, No 718, Ling Shi Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjun Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, China
| | - Feiyun Wu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, China.
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, China.
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Narvaez O, Yon M, Jiang H, Bernin D, Forssell-Aronsson E, Sierra A, Topgaard D. Nonparametric distributions of tensor-valued Lorentzian diffusion spectra for model-free data inversion in multidimensional diffusion MRI. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:084201. [PMID: 39171708 DOI: 10.1063/5.0213252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the method of choice for noninvasive studies of micrometer-scale structures in biological tissues via their effects on the time- and frequency-dependent (restricted) and anisotropic self-diffusion of water. While new designs of time-dependent magnetic field gradient waveforms have enabled disambiguation between different aspects of translational motion that are convolved in traditional MRI methods relying on single pairs of field gradient pulses, data analysis for complex heterogeneous materials remains a challenge. Here, we propose and demonstrate nonparametric distributions of tensor-valued Lorentzian diffusion spectra, or "D(ω) distributions," as a general representation with sufficient flexibility to describe the MRI signal response from a wide range of model systems and biological tissues investigated with modulated gradient waveforms separating and correlating the effects of restricted and anisotropic diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Narvaez
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Maxime Yon
- Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Diana Bernin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Forssell-Aronsson
- Department of Medical Radiation Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alejandra Sierra
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Ejima F, Fukukura Y, Kamimura K, Nakajo M, Ayukawa T, Kanzaki F, Yanazume S, Kobayashi H, Kitazono I, Imai H, Feiweier T, Yoshiura T. Oscillating Gradient Diffusion-Weighted MRI for Risk Stratification of Uterine Endometrial Cancer. J Magn Reson Imaging 2024; 60:67-77. [PMID: 37886909 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.29106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oscillating gradient diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) enables elucidation of microstructural characteristics in cancers; however, there are limited data to evaluate its utility in patients with endometrial cancer. PURPOSE To investigate the utility of oscillating gradient DWI for risk stratification in patients with uterine endometrial cancer compared with conventional pulsed gradient DWI. STUDY TYPE Retrospective. SUBJECTS Sixty-three women (mean age: 58 [range: 32-85] years) with endometrial cancer. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 3 T MRI including DWI using oscillating gradient spin-echo (OGSE) and pulsed gradient spin-echo (PGSE) research sequences. ASSESSMENT Mean value of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values for OGSE (ADCOGSE) and PGSE (ADCPGSE) as well as the ADC ratio (ADCOGSE/ADCPGSE) within endometrial cancer were measured using regions of interest. Prognostic factors (histological grade, deep myometrial invasion, lymphovascular invasion, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics [FIGO] stage, and prognostic risk classification) were tabulated. STATISTICAL TESTS Interobserver agreement was analyzed by calculating the intraclass correlation coefficient. The associations of ADCOGSE, ADCPGSE, and ADCOGSE/ADCPGSE with prognostic factors were examined using the Kendall rank correlation coefficient, Mann-Whitney U test, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. A P value of <0.05 was statistically significant. RESULTS Compared with ADCOGSE and ADCPGSE, ADCOGSE/ADCPGSE was significantly and strongly correlated with histological grade (observer 1, τ = 0.563; observer 2, τ = 0.456), FIGO stage (observer 1, τ = 0.354; observer 2, τ = 0.324), and prognostic risk classification (observer 1, τ = 0.456; observer 2, τ = 0.385). The area under the ROC curves of ADCOGSE/ADCPGSE for histological grade (observer 1, 0.92, 95% confidence intervals [CIs]: 0.83-0.98; observer 2, 0.84, 95% CI: 0.73-0.92) and prognostic risk (observer 1, 0.80, 95% CI: 0.68-0.89; observer 2, 0.76, 95% CI: 0.63-0.86) were significantly higher than that of ADCOGSE and ADCPGSE. DATA CONCLUSION The ADC ratio obtained via oscillating gradient and pulsed gradient DWIs might be useful imaging biomarkers for risk stratification in patients with endometrial cancer. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumitaka Ejima
- Department of Radiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Fukukura
- Department of Radiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kiyohisa Kamimura
- Department of Radiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masatoyo Nakajo
- Department of Radiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Takuro Ayukawa
- Department of Radiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Fumiko Kanzaki
- Department of Radiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shintaro Yanazume
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kobayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Ikumi Kitazono
- Department of Pathology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | | | | | - Takashi Yoshiura
- Department of Radiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
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Gill RR, Richards WG, Heiling H, Mazzola E, Hung YP, Seethamraju RT, Chirieac LR, Bueno R. Predictive potential of MRI in differentiating the predominant component in biphasic pleural mesothelioma. Eur J Radiol 2024; 176:111527. [PMID: 38810438 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2024.111527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the potential of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values derived from diffusion weighted (DW) MRI preoperatively to predict the predominant histologic component among biphasic pleural mesothelioma (PM) tumors. METHODS ADC maps were generated from DW MRI scans. Histology and predominant component of biphasic PM were confirmed following surgical resection. Statistical analyses were done with R (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria). Average ADC values corresponding to epithelioid- and sarcomatoid-predominant tumors were compared. ADC thresholding was accomplished by recursive partitioning and confirmed with ROC analysis. RESULTS Eighty-four patients with biphasic PM's, 69 (82 %) epithelioid-predominant (BE) and 15(18 %) sarcomatoid-predominant (BS) tumors were evaluated. Thirty-eight (45 %) patients underwent extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP), 39 (46 %) had extended pleural decortication (ePDC) and 7 (8 %) had pleural decortication (PDC). ADC values ranged between 0.696 x 10-3 to 1.921 x 10-3 mm2/s. BE tumors demonstrated significantly higher ADC values than BS tumors (p = 0.026). ADC values above 0.94 x 10-3 mm2/s were associated with a significant increase of relative risk of being in group BE over group BS (relative risk: 1.47, 95 %CI: 1.05-2.06, p = 0.027) CONCLUSION: Average ADC values of BE tumors were higher than BS tumors and the two groups can be separated by a cut off value of 0.94 X 10-3 mm2/s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu R Gill
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States.
| | | | | | | | - Yin P Hung
- Masschussets General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | | | - Raphael Bueno
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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Wu Y, Liu X, Huang Y, Zhou T, Zhang F. An open relaxation-diffusion MRI dataset in neurosurgical studies. Sci Data 2024; 11:177. [PMID: 38326377 PMCID: PMC10850093 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03013-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Diffusion MRI (dMRI) is a safe and noninvasive technique that provides insight into the microarchitecture of brain tissue. Relaxation-diffusion MRI (rdMRI) is an extension of traditional dMRI that captures diffusion imaging data at multiple TEs to detect tissue heterogeneity between relaxation and diffusivity. rdMRI has great potential in neurosurgical research including brain tumor grading and treatment response evaluation. However, the lack of available data has limited the exploration of rdMRI in clinical settings. To address this, we are sharing a high-quality rdMRI dataset from 18 neurosurgical patients with different types of lesions, as well as two healthy individuals as controls. The rdMRI data was acquired using 7 TEs, where at each TE multi-shell dMRI with high spatial and angular resolutions is obtained at each TE. Each rdMRI scan underwent thorough artifact and distortion corrections using a specially designed processing pipeline. The dataset's quality was assessed using standard practices, including quality control and assurance. This resource is a valuable addition to neurosurgical studies, and all data are openly accessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Wu
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yunzhi Huang
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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Wang J, Chen Z, Cai C, Cai S. Ultrafast diffusion tensor imaging based on deep learning and multi-slice information sharing. Phys Med Biol 2024; 69:035011. [PMID: 38211309 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ad1d6d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Objective. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is excellent for non-invasively quantifying tissue microstructure. Theoretically DTI can be achieved with six different diffusion weighted images and one reference image, but the tensor estimation accuracy is poor in this case. Increasing the number of diffusion directions has benefits for the tensor estimation accuracy, which results in long scan time and makes DTI sensitive to motion. It would be beneficial to decrease the scan time of DTI by using fewer diffusion-weighted images without compromising reconstruction quality.Approach. A novel DTI scan scheme was proposed to achieve fast DTI, where only three diffusion directions per slice was required under a specific direction switching manner, and a deep-learning based reconstruction method was utilized using multi-slice information sharing and correspondingT1-weighted image for high-quality DTI reconstruction. A network with two encoders developed from U-Net was implemented for better utilizing the diffusion data redundancy between neighboring slices. The method performed direct nonlinear mapping from diffusion-weighted images to diffusion tensor.Main results. The performance of the proposed method was verified on the Human Connectome Project public data and clinical patient data. High-quality mean diffusivity, fractional anisotropy, and directionally encoded colormap can be achieved with only three diffusion directions per slice.Significance. High-quality DTI-derived maps can be achieved in less than one minute of scan time. The great reduction of scan time will help push the wider application of DTI in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiechao Wang
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Zunquan Chen
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Congbo Cai
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuhui Cai
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
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Kamimura K, Nakano T, Hasegawa T, Nakajo M, Yamada C, Kamimura Y, Akune K, Ejima F, Ayukawa T, Nagano H, Takumi K, Nakajo M, Higa N, Yonezawa H, Hanaya R, Kirishima M, Tanimoto A, Iwanaga T, Imai H, Feiweier T, Yoshiura T. Differentiating primary central nervous system lymphoma from glioblastoma by time-dependent diffusion using oscillating gradient. Cancer Imaging 2023; 23:114. [PMID: 38037172 PMCID: PMC10691025 DOI: 10.1186/s40644-023-00639-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to elucidate the impact of effective diffusion time setting on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)-based differentiation between primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSLs) and glioblastomas (GBMs) and to investigate the usage of time-dependent diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted involving 21 patients with PCNSLs and 66 patients with GBMs using diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) sequences with oscillating gradient spin-echo (Δeff = 7.1 ms) and conventional pulsed gradient (Δeff = 44.5 ms). In addition to ADC maps at the two diffusion times (ADC7.1 ms and ADC44.5 ms), we generated maps of the ADC changes (cADC) and the relative ADC changes (rcADC) between the two diffusion times. Regions of interest were placed on enhancing regions and non-enhancing peritumoral regions. The mean and the fifth and 95th percentile values of each parameter were compared between PCNSLs and GBMs. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) values were used to compare the discriminating performances among the indices. RESULTS In enhancing regions, the mean and fifth and 95th percentile values of ADC44.5 ms and ADC7.1 ms in PCNSLs were significantly lower than those in GBMs (p = 0.02 for 95th percentile of ADC44.5 ms, p = 0.04 for ADC7.1 ms, and p < 0.01 for others). Furthermore, the mean and fifth and 95th percentile values of cADC and rcADC were significantly higher in PCNSLs than in GBMs (each p < 0.01). The AUC of the best-performing index for ADC7.1 ms was significantly lower than that for ADC44.5 ms (p < 0.001). The mean rcADC showed the highest discriminating performance (AUC = 0.920) among all indices. In peritumoral regions, no significant difference in any of the three indices of ADC44.5 ms, ADC7.1 ms, cADC, and rcADC was observed between PCNSLs and GBMs. CONCLUSIONS Effective diffusion time setting can have a crucial impact on the performance of ADC in differentiating between PCNSLs and GBMs. The time-dependent diffusion MRI parameters may be useful in the differentiation of these lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyohisa Kamimura
- Department of Advanced Radiological Imaging, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan.
| | - Tsubasa Nakano
- Department of Radiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Tomohito Hasegawa
- Department of Radiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Masanori Nakajo
- Department of Radiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Chihiro Yamada
- Department of Radiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kamimura
- Department of Radiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Kentaro Akune
- Department of Radiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Ejima
- Department of Radiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Takuro Ayukawa
- Department of Radiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nagano
- Department of Radiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Koji Takumi
- Department of Radiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Masatoyo Nakajo
- Department of Radiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Nayuta Higa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Hajime Yonezawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Hanaya
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Mari Kirishima
- Department of Pathology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Akihide Tanimoto
- Department of Pathology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Takashi Iwanaga
- Department of Radiological Technology, Kagoshima University Hospital, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Imai
- Siemens Healthcare K.K., Gate City Osaki West Tower, 1-11-1 Osaki, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 141-8644, Japan
| | | | - Takashi Yoshiura
- Department of Advanced Radiological Imaging, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
- Department of Radiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
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Zhu A, Shih R, Huang RY, DeMarco JK, Bhushan C, Morris HD, Kohls G, Yeo DTB, Marinelli L, Mitra J, Hood M, Ho VB, Foo TKF. Revealing tumor microstructure with oscillating diffusion encoding MRI in pre-surgical and post-treatment glioma patients. Magn Reson Med 2023; 90:1789-1801. [PMID: 37335831 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We hypothesized that the time-dependent diffusivity at short diffusion times, as measured by oscillating gradient spin echo (OGSE) diffusion MRI, can characterize tissue microstructures in glioma patients. THEORY AND METHODS Five adult patients with known diffuse glioma, including two pre-surgical and three with new enhancing lesions after treatment for high-grade glioma, were scanned in an ultra-high-performance gradient 3.0T MRI system. OGSE diffusion MRI at 30-100 Hz and pulsed gradient spin echo diffusion imaging (approximated as 0 Hz) were obtained. The ADC and trace-diffusion-weighted image at each acquired frequency were calculated, that is, ADC (f) and TraceDWI (f). RESULTS In pre-surgical patients, biopsy-confirmed solid enhancing tumor in a high-grade glioblastoma showed higherADC ( f ) ADC ( 0 Hz ) $$ \frac{\mathrm{ADC}\ (f)}{\mathrm{ADC}\ \left(0\ \mathrm{Hz}\right)} $$ and lowerTraceDWI ( f ) TraceDWI ( 0 Hz ) $$ \frac{\mathrm{TraceDWI}\ (f)}{\mathrm{TraceDWI}\ \left(0\ \mathrm{Hz}\right)} $$ , compared to that at same OGSE frequency in a low-grade astrocytoma. In post-treatment patients, the enhancing lesions of two patients who were diagnosed with tumor progression contained more voxels with highADC ( f ) ADC ( 0 Hz ) $$ \frac{\mathrm{ADC}\ (f)}{\mathrm{ADC}\ \left(0\ \mathrm{Hz}\right)} $$ and lowTraceDWI ( f ) TraceDWI ( 0 Hz ) $$ \frac{\mathrm{TraceDWI}\left(\mathrm{f}\right)}{\mathrm{TraceDWI}\left(0\ \mathrm{Hz}\right)} $$ , compared to the enhancing lesions of a patient who was diagnosed with treatment effect. Non-enhancing T2 signal abnormality lesions in both the pre-surgical high-grade glioblastoma and post-treatment tumor progressions showed regions with highADC ( f ) ADC ( 0 Hz ) $$ \frac{\mathrm{ADC}\ (f)}{\mathrm{ADC}\ \left(0\ \mathrm{Hz}\right)} $$ and lowTraceDWI ( f ) TraceDWI ( 0 Hz ) $$ \frac{\mathrm{TraceDWI}\ \left(\mathrm{f}\right)}{\mathrm{TraceDWI}\ \left(0\ \mathrm{Hz}\right)} $$ , consistent with infiltrative tumor. The solid tumor of the glioblastoma, the enhancing lesions of post-treatment tumor progressions, and the suspected infiltrative tumors showed high diffusion time-dependency from 30 to 100 Hz, consistent with high intra-tumoral volume fraction (cellular density). CONCLUSION Different characteristics of OGSE-based time-dependent diffusivity can reveal heterogenous tissue microstructures that indicate cellular density in glioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ante Zhu
- GE Research, Niskayuna, New York, USA
| | - Robert Shih
- Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Raymond Y Huang
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - J Kevin DeMarco
- Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - H Douglas Morris
- Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Gail Kohls
- Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | - Maureen Hood
- Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Vincent B Ho
- Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas K F Foo
- GE Research, Niskayuna, New York, USA
- Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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10
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Dai E, Zhu A, Yang GK, Quah K, Tan ET, Fiveland E, Foo TKF, McNab JA. Frequency-dependent diffusion kurtosis imaging in the human brain using an oscillating gradient spin echo sequence and a high-performance head-only gradient. Neuroimage 2023; 279:120328. [PMID: 37586445 PMCID: PMC10529993 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Measuring the time/frequency dependence of diffusion MRI is a promising approach to distinguish between the effects of different tissue microenvironments, such as membrane restriction, tissue heterogeneity, and compartmental water exchange. In this study, we measure the frequency dependence of diffusivity (D) and kurtosis (K) with oscillating gradient diffusion encoding waveforms and a diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) model in human brains using a high-performance, head-only MAGNUS gradient system, with a combination of b-values, oscillating frequencies (f), and echo time that has not been achieved in human studies before. Frequency dependence of diffusivity and kurtosis are observed in both global and local white matter (WM) and gray matter (GM) regions and characterized with a power-law model ∼Λ*fθ. The frequency dependences of diffusivity and kurtosis (including changes between fmin and fmax, Λ, and θ) vary over different WM and GM regions, indicating potential microstructural differences between regions. A trend of decreasing kurtosis over frequency in the short-time limit is successfully captured for in vivo human brains. The effects of gradient nonlinearity (GNL) on frequency-dependent diffusivity and kurtosis measurements are investigated and corrected. Our results show that the GNL has prominent scaling effects on the measured diffusivity values (3.5∼5.5% difference in the global WM and 6∼8% difference in the global cortex) and subsequently affects the corresponding power-law parameters (Λ, θ) while having a marginal influence on the measured kurtosis values (<0.05% difference) and power-law parameters (Λ, θ). This study expands previous OGSE studies and further demonstrates the translatability of frequency-dependent diffusivity and kurtosis measurements to human brains, which may provide new opportunities to probe human brain microstructure in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erpeng Dai
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | | | - Grant K Yang
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kristin Quah
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ek T Tan
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
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11
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Kamimura K, Kamimura Y, Nakano T, Hasegawa T, Nakajo M, Yamada C, Akune K, Ejima F, Ayukawa T, Ito S, Nagano H, Takumi K, Nakajo M, Uchida H, Tabata K, Iwanaga T, Imai H, Feiweier T, Yoshiura T. Differentiating brain metastasis from glioblastoma by time-dependent diffusion MRI. Cancer Imaging 2023; 23:75. [PMID: 37553578 PMCID: PMC10410879 DOI: 10.1186/s40644-023-00595-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was designed to investigate the use of time-dependent diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters in distinguishing between glioblastomas and brain metastases. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted involving 65 patients with glioblastomas and 27 patients with metastases using a diffusion-weighted imaging sequence with oscillating gradient spin-echo (OGSE, 50 Hz) and a conventional pulsed gradient spin-echo (PGSE, 0 Hz) sequence. In addition to apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps from two sequences (ADC50Hz and ADC0Hz), we generated maps of the ADC change (cADC): ADC50Hz - ADC0Hz and the relative ADC change (rcADC): (ADC50Hz - ADC0Hz)/ ADC0Hz × 100 (%). RESULTS The mean and the fifth and 95th percentile values of each parameter in enhancing and peritumoral regions were compared between glioblastomas and metastases. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) values of the best discriminating indices were compared. In enhancing regions, none of the indices of ADC0Hz and ADC50Hz showed significant differences between metastases and glioblastomas. The mean cADC and rcADC values of metastases were significantly higher than those of glioblastomas (0.24 ± 0.12 × 10-3mm2/s vs. 0.14 ± 0.03 × 10-3mm2/s and 23.3 ± 9.4% vs. 14.0 ± 4.7%; all p < 0.01). In peritumoral regions, no significant difference in all ADC indices was observed between metastases and glioblastomas. The AUC values for the mean cADC (0.877) and rcADC (0.819) values in enhancing regions were significantly higher than those for ADC0Hz5th (0.595; all p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The time-dependent diffusion MRI parameters may be useful for differentiating brain metastases from glioblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyohisa Kamimura
- Department of Advanced Radiological Imaging, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan.
| | - Yoshiki Kamimura
- Department of Radiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Nakano
- Department of Radiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Tomohito Hasegawa
- Department of Radiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Masanori Nakajo
- Department of Radiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Chihiro Yamada
- Department of Radiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Kentaro Akune
- Department of Radiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Ejima
- Department of Radiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Takuro Ayukawa
- Department of Radiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Soichiro Ito
- Department of Radiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nagano
- Department of Radiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Koji Takumi
- Department of Radiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Masatoyo Nakajo
- Department of Radiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Uchida
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tabata
- Department of Pathology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Takashi Iwanaga
- Department of Radiological Technology, Kagoshima University Hospital, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Imai
- Siemens Healthcare K.K., Gate City Osaki West Tower, 1-11-1 Osaki, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 141-8644, Japan
| | | | - Takashi Yoshiura
- Department of Advanced Radiological Imaging, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
- Department of Radiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
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12
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Hennel F, Dillinger H, Leupold J, Pruessmann KP. Fourier transform temporal diffusion spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2023; 348:107401. [PMID: 36774713 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2023.107401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Temporal diffusion spectroscopy (TDS) currently uses the oscillating gradient spin echo (OGSE) experiment to measure the spectral density of translational velocity autocorrelation at single frequencies. Due to timing restrictions imposed by the transverse relaxation, the frequency selectivity and the sampling density of OGSE are limited, especially at low frequencies. We propose to overcome this problem by adopting the principles of Fourier transform spectroscopy. The new method of Fourier transform TDS (FTDS) uses two broadband gradient waveforms with different relative delays to make the spin echo attenuation sensitive to a broad range of diffusion frequencies with different harmonic modulations and calculates the spectrum by discrete Fourier transform. The method was validated by a measurement of diffusion spectra in highly restrictive tissues of a celery stalk and provided results consistent with OGSE, however, on a denser frequency grid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciszek Hennel
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Hannes Dillinger
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jochen Leupold
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Klaas P Pruessmann
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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13
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Maekawa T, Hori M, Murata K, Feiweier T, Kamiya K, Andica C, Hagiwara A, Fujita S, Kamagata K, Wada A, Abe O, Aoki S. Investigation of time-dependent diffusion in extra-axial brain tumors using oscillating-gradient spin-echo. Magn Reson Imaging 2023; 96:67-74. [PMID: 36423796 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2022.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Oscillating gradient spin-echo (OGSE) sequences provide access to short diffusion times and may provide insight into micro-scale internal structures of pathologic lesions based on an analysis of changes in diffusivity with differing diffusion times. We hypothesized that changes in diffusivity acquired with a shorter diffusion time may permit elucidation of properties related to the internal structure of extra-axial brain tumors. This study aimed to investigate the utility of changes in diffusivity between short and long diffusion times for characterizing extra-axial brain tumors. In total, 12 patients with meningothelial meningiomas, 13 patients with acoustic neuromas, and 11 patients with pituitary adenomas were scanned with a 3 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) using OGSE and pulsed gradient spin-echo (PGSE) (effective diffusion times [Δeff]: 6.5 ms and 35.2 ms) with b-values of 0 and 1000 s/mm2. Relative percentage changes between shorter and longer diffusion times were calculated using region-of-interest (ROI) analysis of brain tumors on λ1, λ2, λ3, and mean diffusivity (MD) maps. The diffusivities of PGSE, OGSE, and relative percentage changes were compared among each tumor type using a multiple comparisons Steel-Dwass test. The mean (standard deviation) MD at Δeff of 6.5 ms was 1.07 ± 0.23 10-3 mm2/s, 1.19 ± 0.18 10-3 mm2/s, 1.19 ± 0.21 10-3 mm2/s for meningothelial meningiomas, acoustic neuromas, and pituitary adenomas, respectively. The mean (standard deviation) MD at Δeff of 35.2 ms was 0.93 ± 0.22 10-3 mm2/s, 1.07 ± 0.19 10-3 mm2/s, 0.82 ± 0.21 10-3 mm2/s for meningothelial meningiomas, acoustic neuromas, and pituitary adenomas, respectively. The mean (standard deviation) of the relative percentage change was 15.7 ± 4.4%, 12.4 ± 8.2%, 46.8 ± 11.3% for meningothelial meningiomas, acoustic neuromas, and pituitary adenomas, respectively. Compared to meningiomas and acoustic neuromas, pituitary adenoma exhibited stronger diffusion time-dependence with diffusion times between 6.5 ms and 35.2 ms (P < 0.05). In conclusion, differences in diffusion time-dependence may be attributed to differences in the internal structures of brain tumors. DWI with a short diffusion time may provide additional information on the microstructure of each tumor and contribute to tumor diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Maekawa
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Masaaki Hori
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Toho University Omori Medical Center, 6-11-1, Omori-Nishi, Ota-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Murata
- Siemens Healthcare Japan KK, Gate City Osaki West Tower, 11-1 Osaki 1-Chome, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-8644, Japan
| | | | - Kouhei Kamiya
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Toho University Omori Medical Center, 6-11-1, Omori-Nishi, Ota-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Christina Andica
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Faculty of Health Data Science, Juntendo University, 6-8-1 Hinode, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0013, Japan
| | - Akifumi Hagiwara
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Shohei Fujita
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Koji Kamagata
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Akihiko Wada
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Osamu Abe
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Shigeki Aoki
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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14
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Borsos KB, Tse DHY, Dubovan PI, Baron CA. Tuned bipolar oscillating gradients for mapping frequency dispersion of diffusion kurtosis in the human brain. Magn Reson Med 2023; 89:756-766. [PMID: 36198030 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Oscillating gradient spin-echo (OGSE) sequences have demonstrated an ability to probe time-dependent microstructural features, although they often suffer from low SNR due to increased TEs. In this work we introduce frequency-tuned bipolar (FTB) gradients as a variation of oscillating gradients with reduced TE and demonstrate their utility by mapping the frequency dispersion of kurtosis in human subjects. METHODS An FTB oscillating gradient waveform is presented that provides encoding of 1.5 net oscillation periods, thereby reducing the TE of the acquisition. Simulations were performed to determine an optimal protocol based on the SNR of kurtosis frequency dispersion-defined as the difference in kurtosis between pulsed and oscillating gradient acquisitions. Healthy human subjects were scanned at 7T using pulsed gradient and an optimized 23 Hz FTB protocol, which featured a maximum b-value of 2500 s/mm2 . In addition, to directly compare existing methods, measurements using traditional cosine OGSE were also acquired. RESULTS FTB oscillating gradients demonstrated equivalent frequency-dependent diffusion measurements compared with cosine-modulated OGSE while enabling a significant reduction in TE. Optimization and in vivo results suggest that FTB gradients provide increased SNR of kurtosis dispersion maps compared with traditional cosine OGSE. The optimized FTB gradient protocol demonstrated consistent reductions in apparent kurtosis values and increased diffusivity in generated frequency dispersion maps. CONCLUSIONS This work presents an alternative to traditional cosine OGSE sequences, enabling more time-efficient acquisitions of frequency-dependent diffusion quantities as demonstrated through in vivo kurtosis frequency dispersion maps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin B Borsos
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Center for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Desmond H Y Tse
- Center for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul I Dubovan
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Center for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Corey A Baron
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Center for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Imaging Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
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Correlation of Diffusion Tensor Imaging Parameters with the Pathological Grade of Brain Glioma and Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Ki-67. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.5812/iranjradiol-118135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: Most brain gliomas are high-grade and likely to spread locally. Consequently, these patients commonly have a poor prognosis. Accurate identification of the malignancy grade of brain glioma before treatment is of great clinical significance. Objectives: This study aimed to explore the correlation of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) parameters, fractional anisotropy (FA), and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) with the pathological grade of brain glioma and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Ki-67. Patients and Methods: A total of 116 patients were selected for this study from January 2018 to December 2019. All the participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and DTI before surgery, and the FA and ADC values were measured for the regions of interest. Surgically resected tumor specimens were collected for immunohistochemical assay. Finally, the FA and ADC values and positive expression rates of VEGF and Ki-67 were compared. Results: A significantly higher FA, besides the positive expression of VEGF and Ki-67, was reported in the high-grade group, whereas a lower ADC was found in this group compared to the low-grade group (P < 0.05). Areas of normal white matter and peritumoral edema had higher FA values, whereas lower ADCs were measured in these areas compared to the cerebrospinal fluid (P < 0.05). The FA of tumor parenchymal area was positively correlated with the World Health Organization (WHO) WHO class of tumors (r = 0.588, P = 0.028), and the expression of VEGF and Ki-67 was positively correlated with the WHO grade (r = 0.843, P = 0.002 and r = 0.743, P = 0.006, respectively). The FA of tumor parenchymal area was positively correlated with the expression of VEGF and Ki-67 (r = 0.654, P = 0.008 and r = 0.567, P = 0.012, respectively). However, the ADC of tumor parenchymal area was not significantly correlated with the WHO grade, VEGF expression, or Ki-67 expression (r = 0.143, P = 0.156, r = 0.232, P = 0.116, and r = 0.054, P = 0.179, respectively). Conclusion: The FA value, as a DTI parameter, is valuable for assessing the malignancy grade of tumor cells and can provide a proper reference for formulating treatment regimens for brain gliomas.
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16
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Impact of tissue properties on time-dependent alterations in apparent diffusion coefficient: a phantom study using oscillating-gradient spin-echo and pulsed-gradient spin-echo sequences. Jpn J Radiol 2022; 40:970-978. [PMID: 35523921 PMCID: PMC9441423 DOI: 10.1007/s11604-022-01281-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the changes in apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) due to differences in diffusion time reflect tissue properties in actual measurements of phantoms. Materials and methods Various n-alkane phantoms and sucrose/collagen phantoms with various collagen densities were set up with and without polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) foam with an average pore diameter of 300 μm. Thus, n-alkanes or sucrose/collagen represented substrate viscosity and the presence of PVA foam represented tissue structure with septum. Diffusion-weighted images with various diffusion times (7.71–60 ms) were acquired using pulsed-gradient spin-echo (PGSE) and oscillating-gradient spin-echo (OGSE) sequences. The ADCs of the phantoms with and without PVA foam were calculated. Results The ADCs of some of the phantoms without PVA decreased with diffusion times decreased. In the n-alkane phantoms, only C8H18 showed significantly different ADCs depending on the use of PVA foam in the OGSE sequence. On the other hand, sucrose/collagen phantoms showed significant differences according to diffusion time. The ADCs of the phantoms decreased as the molecular size of the n-alkanes or collagen density of the sucrose/collagen phantom increased. Compared to phantoms without PVA foam, the ADC of the phantoms with PVA foam decreased as the diffusion time increased. Conclusion Changes in ADCs due to differences in diffusion time reflect tissue properties in actual measurements of phantoms. These changes in ADCs can be used for tissue characterization in vivo.
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Rahman N, Xu K, Omer M, Budde MD, Brown A, Baron CA. Test-retest reproducibility of in vivo oscillating gradient and microscopic anisotropy diffusion MRI in mice at 9.4 Tesla. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255711. [PMID: 34739479 PMCID: PMC8570471 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Microstructure imaging with advanced diffusion MRI (dMRI) techniques have shown increased sensitivity and specificity to microstructural changes in various disease and injury models. Oscillating gradient spin echo (OGSE) dMRI, implemented by varying the oscillating gradient frequency, and microscopic anisotropy (μA) dMRI, implemented via tensor valued diffusion encoding, may provide additional insight by increasing sensitivity to smaller spatial scales and disentangling fiber orientation dispersion from true microstructural changes, respectively. The aims of this study were to characterize the test-retest reproducibility of in vivo OGSE and μA dMRI metrics in the mouse brain at 9.4 Tesla and provide estimates of required sample sizes for future investigations. METHODS Twelve adult C57Bl/6 mice were scanned twice (5 days apart). Each imaging session consisted of multifrequency OGSE and μA dMRI protocols. Metrics investigated included μA, linear diffusion kurtosis, isotropic diffusion kurtosis, and the diffusion dispersion rate (Λ), which explores the power-law frequency dependence of mean diffusivity. The dMRI metric maps were analyzed with mean region-of-interest (ROI) and whole brain voxel-wise analysis. Bland-Altman plots and coefficients of variation (CV) were used to assess the reproducibility of OGSE and μA metrics. Furthermore, we estimated sample sizes required to detect a variety of effect sizes. RESULTS Bland-Altman plots showed negligible biases between test and retest sessions. ROI-based CVs revealed high reproducibility for most metrics (CVs < 15%). Voxel-wise CV maps revealed high reproducibility for μA (CVs ~ 10%), but low reproducibility for OGSE metrics (CVs ~ 50%). CONCLUSION Most of the μA dMRI metrics are reproducible in both ROI-based and voxel-wise analysis, while the OGSE dMRI metrics are only reproducible in ROI-based analysis. Given feasible sample sizes (10-15), μA metrics and OGSE metrics may provide sensitivity to subtle microstructural changes (4-8%) and moderate changes (> 6%), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naila Rahman
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping (CFMM), Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kathy Xu
- Translational Neuroscience Group, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohammad Omer
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping (CFMM), Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew D. Budde
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Arthur Brown
- Translational Neuroscience Group, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Corey A. Baron
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping (CFMM), Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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18
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Abstract
This article discusses new diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequences, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and fiber tractography (FT), as well as more advanced diffusion imaging in pediatric brain and spine. Underlying disorder and pathophysiology causing diffusion abnormalities are discussed. Multishot echo planar imaging (EPI) DWI and non-EPI DWI provide higher spatial resolution with less susceptibility artifact and distortion, which are replacing conventional single-shot EPI DWI. DTI and FT have established clinical significance in pediatric brain and spine. This article discusses advanced diffusion imaging, including diffusion kurtosis imaging, neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging, diffusion spectrum imaging, intravoxel incoherent motion, and oscillating-gradient spin-echo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Moritani
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, UH B2 A209K, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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19
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Abstract
Diffusion-weighted images provide a unique contrast that shows the ability to assess tissue structure and condition on a micrometer scale. Notably, these equations are necessary to understand diffusion MR imaging as a theory but not for real imaging, particularly in clinical practice. The diffusion phenomenon can be observed only through MR measurements. One of the emerging fields of diffusion MRI is to probe the tissue microstructure by altering the diffusion time t, the time interval over which spin displacements are sampled. However, the diffusion time is, in a sense, more important than the b-value for diffusion-weighted images and their quantitative metrics.
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