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Ding K, Li H, Tai F, Duan J, Wang Q, Zhai R, Fu H, Ge C, Zheng X. Unraveling the Role of RNase L Knockout in Alleviating Immune Response Activation in Mice Bone Marrow after Irradiation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2722. [PMID: 38473966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) induces severe hematopoietic injury by causing DNA and RNA damage as well as activating the immune responses, necessitating the development of effective therapeutic strategies. Ribonuclease L (RNase L) as an innate immune response pathway is triggered by exogenous and endogenous abnormal dsRNA under viral infection and dyshomeostasis, thereby activating the immune responses. Thus, we investigated the effect of RNase L on irradiation-induced bone marrow damage using RNase L knockout (RNase L-/-) mice. Phenotypic analysis revealed that RNase L knockout mitigates irradiation-induced injury in the bone marrow. Further investigation into the mechanism of RNase L by RNA-seq, qRT-PCR, and CBA analysis demonstrated that RNase L deficiency counteracts the upregulation of genes related to immune responses induced by irradiation, including cytokines and interferon-stimulated genes. Moreover, RNase L deficiency inhibits the increased levels of immunoglobulins in serum induced by irradiation. These findings indicate that RNase L plays a role in the immune response induced by irradiation in the bone marrow. This study further enhances our understanding of the biological functions of RNase L in the immune response induced by irradiation and offers a novel approach for managing irradiation-induced bone marrow injury through the regulation of RNase L activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Ding
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Hujie Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Fumin Tai
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Junzhao Duan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Rui Zhai
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Hanjiang Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Changhui Ge
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xiaofei Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
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2
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Zolzaya S, Narumoto A, Katsuyama Y. Genomic variation in neurons. Dev Growth Differ 2024; 66:35-42. [PMID: 37855730 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Neurons born during the fetal period have extreme longevity and survive until the death of the individual because the human brain has highly limited tissue regeneration. The brain is comprised of an enormous variety of neurons each exhibiting different morphological and physiological characteristics and recent studies have further reported variations in their genome including chromosomal abnormalities, copy number variations, and single nucleotide mutations. During the early stages of brain development, the increasing number of neurons generated at high speeds has been proposed to lead to chromosomal instability. Additionally, mutations in the neuronal genome can occur in the mature brain. This observed genomic mosaicism in the brain can be produced by multiple endogenous and environmental factors and careful analyses of these observed variations in the neuronal genome remain central for our understanding of the genetic basis of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunjidmaa Zolzaya
- Division of Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Ayano Narumoto
- Division of Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Yu Katsuyama
- Division of Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
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3
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Liu X, Ding Y, Jiang C, Ma X, Xin Y, Li Y, Zhang S, Shao B. Astragaloside IV ameliorates radiation-induced nerve cell damage by activating the BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway. Phytother Res 2023; 37:4102-4116. [PMID: 37226643 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Radiation can induce nerve cell damage. Synapse connectivity and functionality are thought to be the essential foundation of all cognitive functions. Therefore, treating and preventing damage to synaptic structure and function is an urgent challenge. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) is a glycoside extracted from Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.). Bunge is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine in China with various pharmacological properties, including protective effects on the central nervous system (CNS). In this study, the effect of AS-IV on synapse damage and BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway in radiated C57BL/6 mice with X-rays was investigated. PC12 cells and primary cortical neurons were exposed to UVA in vitro. Open field test and rotarod test were used to observe the effects of AS-IV on the motor and explore the abilities of radiated mice. The pathological changes in the brain were observed by hematoxylin and eosin and Nissl staining. Immunofluorescence analysis was used to detect the synapse damage. The expressions of the BDNF/TrkB pathway and neuroprotection-related molecules were detected by Western blotting and Quantitative-RTPCR, respectively. The results showed that AS-IV could improve the motor and explore abilities of radiated mice, reduce pathological damage to the cortex, enhance neuroprotection functions, and activate BDNF/TrkB pathway. In conclusion, AS-IV could relieve radiation-induced synapse damage, at least partly through the BDNF/TrkB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanping Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chenxin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xin
- Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yingdong Li
- School of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shengxiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Baoping Shao
- Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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4
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Oyefeso FA, Goldberg G, Opoku NYPS, Vazquez M, Bertucci A, Chen Z, Wang C, Muotri AR, Pecaut MJ. Effects of acute low-moderate dose ionizing radiation to human brain organoids. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282958. [PMID: 37256873 PMCID: PMC10231836 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Human exposure to low-to-moderate dose ionizing radiation (LMD-IR) is increasing via environmental, medical, occupational sources. Acute exposure to LMD-IR can cause subclinical damage to cells, resulting in altered gene expression and cellular function within the human brain. It has been difficult to identify diagnostic and predictive biomarkers of exposure using traditional research models due to factors including lack of 3D structure in monolayer cell cultures, limited ability of animal models to accurately predict human responses, and technical limitations of studying functional human brain tissue. To address this gap, we generated brain/cerebral organoids from human induced pluripotent stem cells to study the radiosensitivity of human brain cells, including neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. While organoids have become popular models for studying brain physiology and pathology, there is little evidence to confirm that exposing brain organoids to LMD-IR will recapitulate previous in vitro and in vivo observations. We hypothesized that exposing brain organoids to proton radiation would (1) cause a time- and dose-dependent increase in DNA damage, (2) induce cell type-specific differences in radiosensitivity, and (3) increase expression of oxidative stress and DNA damage response genes. Organoids were exposed to 0.5 or 2 Gy of 250 MeV protons and samples were collected at 30 minute, 24 hour, and 48 hour timepoints. Using immunofluorescence and RNA sequencing, we found time- and dose-dependent increases in DNA damage in irradiated organoids; no changes in cell populations for neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes by 24 hours; decreased expression of genes related to oligodendrocyte lineage, astrocyte lineage, mitochondrial function, and cell cycle progression by 48 hours; increased expression of genes related to neuron lineage, oxidative stress, and DNA damage checkpoint regulation by 48 hours. Our findings demonstrate the possibility of using organoids to characterize cell-specific radiosensitivity and early radiation-induced gene expression changes within the human brain, providing new avenues for further study of the mechanisms underlying acute neural cell responses to IR exposure at low-to-moderate doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foluwasomi A. Oyefeso
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, United States of America
| | - Gabriela Goldberg
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Nana Yaa P. S. Opoku
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, United States of America
| | - Marcelo Vazquez
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (CARTA), Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind, Archealization Center (ArchC), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Center for Genomics, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, United States of America
| | - Antonella Bertucci
- Center for Genomics, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, United States of America
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, United States of America
| | - Charles Wang
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (CARTA), Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind, Archealization Center (ArchC), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, United States of America
| | - Alysson R. Muotri
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Pecaut
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, United States of America
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (CARTA), Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind, Archealization Center (ArchC), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
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5
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Ma XY, Yang TT, Liu L, Peng XC, Qian F, Tang FR. Ependyma in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Radiation-Induced Brain Injury and as a Therapeutic Target for Neurotrophic Factors. Biomolecules 2023; 13:754. [PMID: 37238624 PMCID: PMC10216700 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuron loss caused by the progressive damage to the nervous system is proposed to be the main pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Ependyma is a layer of ciliated ependymal cells that participates in the formation of the brain-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCB). It functions to promotes the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the material exchange between CSF and brain interstitial fluid. Radiation-induced brain injury (RIBI) shows obvious impairments of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In the neuroinflammatory processes after acute brain injury, a large amount of complement proteins and infiltrated immune cells are circulated in the CSF to resist brain damage and promote substance exchange through the BCB. However, as the protective barrier lining the brain ventricles, the ependyma is extremely vulnerable to cytotoxic and cytolytic immune responses. When the ependyma is damaged, the integrity of BCB is destroyed, and the CSF flow and material exchange is affected, leading to brain microenvironment imbalance, which plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and other neurotrophic factors promote the differentiation and maturation of ependymal cells to maintain the integrity of the ependyma and the activity of ependymal cilia, and may have therapeutic potential in restoring the homeostasis of the brain microenvironment after RIBI or during the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Ma
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Ting-Ting Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Lian Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Peng
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Feng Qian
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Feng-Ru Tang
- Radiation Physiology Laboratory, Singapore Nuclear Research and Safety Initiative, National University of Singapore, Singapore 138602, Singapore
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6
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Bery A, Etienne O, Mouton L, Mokrani S, Granotier-Beckers C, Gauthier LR, Feat-Vetel J, Kortulewski T, Pérès EA, Desmaze C, Lestaveal P, Barroca V, Laugeray A, Boumezbeur F, Abramovski V, Mortaud S, Menuet A, Le Bihan D, Villartay JPD, Boussin FD. XLF/Cernunnos loss impairs mouse brain development by altering symmetric proliferative divisions of neural progenitors. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112342. [PMID: 37027298 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
XLF/Cernunnos is a component of the ligation complex used in classical non-homologous end-joining (cNHEJ), a major DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair pathway. We report neurodevelopmental delays and significant behavioral alterations associated with microcephaly in Xlf-/- mice. This phenotype, reminiscent of clinical and neuropathologic features in humans deficient in cNHEJ, is associated with a low level of apoptosis of neural cells and premature neurogenesis, which consists of an early shift of neural progenitors from proliferative to neurogenic divisions during brain development. We show that premature neurogenesis is related to an increase in chromatid breaks affecting mitotic spindle orientation, highlighting a direct link between asymmetric chromosome segregation and asymmetric neurogenic divisions. This study reveals thus that XLF is required for maintaining symmetric proliferative divisions of neural progenitors during brain development and shows that premature neurogenesis may play a major role in neurodevelopmental pathologies caused by NHEJ deficiency and/or genotoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Bery
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations/iRCM, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations/iRCM, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Olivier Etienne
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations/iRCM, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations/iRCM, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Laura Mouton
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations/iRCM, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations/iRCM, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Sofiane Mokrani
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations/iRCM, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations/iRCM, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Christine Granotier-Beckers
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations/iRCM, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations/iRCM, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Laurent R Gauthier
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations/iRCM, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations/iRCM, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Justyne Feat-Vetel
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations/iRCM, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations/iRCM, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Thierry Kortulewski
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations/iRCM, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations/iRCM, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Elodie A Pérès
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations/iRCM, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations/iRCM, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; NeuroSpin, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Chantal Desmaze
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations/iRCM, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations/iRCM, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Philippe Lestaveal
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE/SERAMED, 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Vilma Barroca
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations/iRCM, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations/iRCM, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Antony Laugeray
- Immunologie et Neurogénétique Expérimentales et Moléculaires - UMR7355 CNRS - 3B, rue de la Férollerie, 45071 Orléans, France
| | - Fawzi Boumezbeur
- NeuroSpin, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Vincent Abramovski
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Laboratory "Genome Dynamics in the Immune System", Equipe labellisée La LIGUE, INSERM UMR 1163, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Mortaud
- Immunologie et Neurogénétique Expérimentales et Moléculaires - UMR7355 CNRS - 3B, rue de la Férollerie, 45071 Orléans, France; Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Arnaud Menuet
- Immunologie et Neurogénétique Expérimentales et Moléculaires - UMR7355 CNRS - 3B, rue de la Férollerie, 45071 Orléans, France; Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Denis Le Bihan
- NeuroSpin, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jean-Pierre de Villartay
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Laboratory "Genome Dynamics in the Immune System", Equipe labellisée La LIGUE, INSERM UMR 1163, 75015 Paris, France
| | - François D Boussin
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations/iRCM, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations/iRCM, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
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7
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Zhang C, Zheng J, Chen W, Yang W, Tan X, Fan X, Shen G, Qu L, Chen Z, Shi C. Mitochondrial-targeting fluorescent small molecule IR-780 alleviates radiation-induced brain injury. Brain Res 2023; 1805:148285. [PMID: 36801209 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Radiation-induced brain injury (RIBI) is a common complication of radiation therapy for brain tumors. Vascular damage is one of the key factors closely related to the severity of the RIBI. However, effective vascular target treatment strategies are lacking. Previously, we have identified a fluorescent small molecule dye, IR-780, which shows the properties of injury tissue targeting and provided protection against various injuries by modulating oxidative stress. This study aims to validate the therapeutic effect of IR-780 on RIBI. The effectiveness of IR-780 against RIBI has been comprehensively evaluated through techniques such as behavior, immunofluorescence staining, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Evans Blue leakage experiments, electron microscopy, and flow cytometry. Results show that IR-780 improves cognitive dysfunction, reduces neuroinflammation, restores the expression of tight junction proteins in the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and promotes the recovery of BBB function after whole brain irradiation. IR-780 also accumulates in injured cerebral microvascular endothelial cells, and its subcellular location is in the mitochondria. More importantly, IR-780 can reduce the levels of cellular reactive oxygen species and apoptosis. Moreover, IR-780 has no significant toxic side effects. IR-780 alleviates RIBI by protecting vascular endothelial cells from oxidative stress, reducing neuroinflammation, and restoring BBB function, suggesting IR-780 as a promising treatment candidate for RIBI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Zhang
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, China
| | - Jiancheng Zheng
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, China
| | - Wanchao Chen
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, China; Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China
| | - Xu Tan
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaotang Fan
- Department of Military Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology, Army Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, China
| | - Gufang Shen
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, China
| | - Langfan Qu
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, China
| | - Zelin Chen
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, China.
| | - Chunmeng Shi
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, China.
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8
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Radwan RR, Mohamed HA. Mechanistic approach of the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells on brain damage in irradiated mice: emphasis on anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 99:1463-1472. [PMID: 35647928 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2084170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Brain damage which has been induced by radiation generally occurs in radiotherapeutics patients. Stem cell transplantation represents a vital applicant for alleviating neurodegenerative disorders. This work aims at exploring the potential of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) on brain injury induced by γ radiation in mice and the possible underlying mechanisms were elucidated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice were allocated into three groups; Group I (Control), Group II (Irradiated control) where mice submitted to 5 Gy of whole-body γ radiation, Group III (Irradiated + BM-MSCs) where mice were intravenously injected of BM-MSCs at a dose of 106 cells/mice 24 h following irradiation. Animals were sacrificed 28 d following exposure to γ radiation. RESULTS It was observed that BM-MSCs therapy provided a valuable tissue repair as evidenced by a reduction in inflammatory mediators including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), nuclear factor kappa (NF-κβ), phosphorylated NF-κβ-p65 (P-NF-κβ-p65), interferon-gamma (IFNγ) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) associated with decreased levels of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in brain tissues of irradiated mice. Furthermore, neuronal apoptosis was declined in brain tissues of the BM-MSCs group as remarkable inhibition of caspase-3 and Bax accompanied by elevation of Bcl-2 proteins expression. These results were supported by histopathological investigation. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, BM-MSCs could display a vital rule in alleviating brain injury in radio-therapeutic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha R Radwan
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, Egypt
| | - Heba A Mohamed
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, Egypt
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9
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Blethen KE, Sprowls SA, Arsiwala TA, Wolford CP, Panchal DM, Fladeland RA, Glass MJ, Dykstra LP, Kielkowski BN, Blackburn JR, Andrick CJ, Lockman PR. Effects of whole-brain radiation therapy on the blood-brain barrier in immunocompetent and immunocompromised mouse models. Radiat Oncol 2023; 18:22. [PMID: 36732754 PMCID: PMC9896731 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-023-02215-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 20% of all cancer patients will develop brain metastases in their lifespan. The standard of care for patients with multiple brain metastases is whole-brain radiation therapy, which disrupts the blood-brain barrier. Previous studies have shown inflammatory mediators play a role in the radiation-mediated increase in permeability. Our goal was to determine if differential permeability post-radiation occurs between immunocompetent and immunocompromised mice. METHODS We utilized a commissioned preclinical irradiator to irradiate brains of C57Bl/6J wild-type and athymic nude mice. Acute (3-24 h) effects on blood-brain barrier integrity were evaluated with our in-situ brain perfusion technique and quantitative fluorescent and phosphorescent microscopy. The presence of inflammatory mediators in the brain and serum was determined with a proinflammatory cytokine panel. RESULTS Blood-brain barrier integrity and efflux transporter activity were altered in the immunocompetent mice 12 h following irradiation without similar observations in the immunocompromised mice. We observed increased TNF-α concentrations in the serum of wild-type mice immediately post-radiation and nude mice 12 h post-radiation. The brain concentration of CXCL1 was also increased in both mouse strains at the 12-h time point. CONCLUSIONS The immune response plays a role in the magnitude of blood-brain barrier disruption following irradiation in a time- and size-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Blethen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, 108 Biomedical Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - S A Sprowls
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, 108 Biomedical Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - T A Arsiwala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, 108 Biomedical Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - C P Wolford
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, 108 Biomedical Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - D M Panchal
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Benjamin M. Statler College of Engineering and Mineral Resources, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - R A Fladeland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, 108 Biomedical Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - M J Glass
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, 108 Biomedical Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - L P Dykstra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, 108 Biomedical Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - B N Kielkowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, 108 Biomedical Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - J R Blackburn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, 108 Biomedical Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - C J Andrick
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, 108 Biomedical Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - P R Lockman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, 108 Biomedical Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
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10
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Ratushnyak MG, Zhirnik AS, Smirnova OD, Semochkina YP, Parfenova AA, Goryunov KV, Silachev DN, Moskaleva EY. The Use of Neural Stem Cells-Derived Exosomes to Prevent Late Radiation-Induced Cognitive Impairments in Mice. Bull Exp Biol Med 2023; 174:571-577. [PMID: 36894818 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-023-05749-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
We studied the effect of intranasal administration of neural stem cell (NSC)-derived exosomes on behavior and cognitive functions of mice in the late period after head irradiation in a dose of 8 Gy. The used exosomes had specific markers (CD9+/CD63+, 99.5%; TSG101+, 98.4%) and mean size 105.7±8.8 nm according to dynamic light scattering data and 119.0±12.4 nm according to nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). Exosome suspension (2×1012 particles/ml according to NTA measurements) was administered intranasally for 4 weeks starting from 48 h after irradiation in a volume of 5 μl/nostril (2×1010 exosomes/mouse). It was shown that intranasal administration of mouse NSC-derived exosomes prevented delayed radiation-induced behavioral changes and recognition memory impairments in mice after head irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Ratushnyak
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia.
| | - A S Zhirnik
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia
| | - O D Smirnova
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia
| | - Yu P Semochkina
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Parfenova
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia
| | - K V Goryunov
- V. I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - D N Silachev
- V. I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - E Yu Moskaleva
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia
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11
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Goel H, Goyal K, Pandey AK, Benjamin M, Khan F, Pandey P, Mittan S, Iqbal D, Alsaweed M, Alturaiki W, Madkhali Y, Kamal MA, Tanwar P, Upadhyay TK. Elucidations of Molecular Mechanism and Mechanistic Effects of Environmental Toxicants in Neurological Disorders. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2023; 22:84-97. [PMID: 35352654 DOI: 10.2174/1871527321666220329103610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Due to rising environmental and global public health concerns associated with environmental contamination, human populations are continually being exposed to environmental toxicants, including physical chemical mutagens widespread in our environment causing adverse consequences and inducing a variety of neurological disorders in humans. Physical mutagens comprise ionizing and non-ionizing radiation, such as UV rays, IR rays, X-rays, which produces a broad spectrum of neuronal destruction, including neuroinflammation, genetic instability, enhanced oxidative stress driving mitochondrial damage in the human neuronal antecedent cells, cognitive impairment due to alterations in neuronal function, especially in synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis repression, modifications in mature neuronal networks drives to enhanced neurodegenerative risk. Chemical Mutagens including alkylating agents (EMS, NM, MMS, and NTG), Hydroxylamine, nitrous acid, sodium azide, halouracils are the major toxic mutagen in our environment and have been associated with neurological disorders. These chemical mutagens create dimers of pyrimidine that cause DNA damage that leads to ROS generation producing mutations, chromosomal abnormalities, genotoxicity which leads to increased neurodegenerative risk. The toxicity of four heavy metal including Cd, As, Pb, Hg is mostly responsible for complicated neurological disorders in humans. Cadmium exposure can enhance the permeability of the BBB and penetrate the brain, driving brain intracellular accumulation, cellular dysfunction, and cerebral edema. Arsenic exerts its toxic effect by induction of ROS production in neuronal cells. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanism and mechanistic effects of mutagens in the environment and their role in multiple neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Goel
- Department of Laboratory Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Keshav Goyal
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig Maximilians Universitat, Munchen, Germany
| | - Avanish Kumar Pandey
- Department of Laboratory Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mercilena Benjamin
- Department of Laboratory Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Fahad Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering & Technology, 19, Knowledge Park-II, Institutional Area, Greater Noida, India
| | - Pratibha Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering & Technology, 19, Knowledge Park-II, Institutional Area, Greater Noida, India
| | - Sandeep Mittan
- Department of Cardiology, Ichan School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, USA
| | - Danish Iqbal
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alsaweed
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael Alturaiki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yahya Madkhali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Bangladesh
- Enzymoics, 7 Peterlee Place, Hebersham NSW 2770, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Australia
| | - Pranay Tanwar
- Department of Laboratory Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Tarun Kumar Upadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences and Cell Culture and Immunobiochemistry Lab, Centre of Research for Development, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat 391760, India
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12
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Cantabella E, Camilleri V, Cavalie I, Dubourg N, Gagnaire B, Charlier TD, Adam-Guillermin C, Cousin X, Armant O. Revealing the Increased Stress Response Behavior through Transcriptomic Analysis of Adult Zebrafish Brain after Chronic Low to Moderate Dose Rates of Ionizing Radiation. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153793. [PMID: 35954455 PMCID: PMC9367516 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The increasing use of radiopharmaceuticals for medical diagnostics and radiotherapy raises concerns regarding health risks for both humans and the environment. Additionally, in the context of major nuclear accidents like in Chernobyl and Fukushima, very little is known about the effects of chronic exposure to low and moderate dose rates of ionizing radiation (IR). Many studies demonstrated the sensibility of the developmental brain, but little data exists for IR at low dose rates and their impact on adults. In this study, we characterized the molecular mechanisms that orchestrate stress behavior caused by chronic exposure to low to moderate dose rates of IR using the adult zebrafish model. We observed the establishment of a congruent stress response at both the molecular and individual levels. Abstract High levels of ionizing radiation (IR) are known to induce neurogenesis defects with harmful consequences on brain morphogenesis and cognitive functions, but the effects of chronic low to moderate dose rates of IR remain largely unknown. In this study, we aim at defining the main molecular pathways impacted by IR and how these effects can translate to higher organizational levels such as behavior. Adult zebrafish were exposed to gamma radiation for 36 days at 0.05 mGy/h, 0.5 mGy/h and 5 mGy/h. RNA sequencing was performed on the telencephalon and completed by RNA in situ hybridization that confirmed the upregulation of oxytocin and cone rod homeobox in the parvocellular preoptic nucleus. A dose rate-dependent increase in differentially expressed genes (DEG) was observed with 27 DEG at 0.05 mGy/h, 200 DEG at 0.5 mGy/h and 530 DEG at 5 mGy/h. Genes involved in neurotransmission, neurohormones and hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal axis functions were specifically affected, strongly suggesting their involvement in the stress response behavior observed after exposure to dose rates superior or equal to 0.5 mGy/h. At the individual scale, hypolocomotion, increased freezing and social stress were detected. Together, these data highlight the intricate interaction between neurohormones (and particularly oxytocin), neurotransmission and neurogenesis in response to chronic exposure to IR and the establishment of anxiety-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Cantabella
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Pôle Santé Environnement-Environnement (PSE-ENV)/Service de Recherche sur les Transferts et les Effets des Radionucléides sur les Ecosystèmes (SRTE)/Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Effets des Radionucléides sur les Ecosystèmes (LECO), Cadarache, 13115 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
- Correspondence: (E.C.); (O.A.)
| | - Virginie Camilleri
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Pôle Santé Environnement-Environnement (PSE-ENV)/Service de Recherche sur les Transferts et les Effets des Radionucléides sur les Ecosystèmes (SRTE)/Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Effets des Radionucléides sur les Ecosystèmes (LECO), Cadarache, 13115 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Isabelle Cavalie
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Pôle Santé Environnement-Environnement (PSE-ENV)/Service de Recherche sur les Transferts et les Effets des Radionucléides sur les Ecosystèmes (SRTE)/Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Effets des Radionucléides sur les Ecosystèmes (LECO), Cadarache, 13115 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Nicolas Dubourg
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Pôle Santé Environnement-Environnement (PSE-ENV)/Service de Recherche sur les Transferts et les Effets des Radionucléides sur les Ecosystèmes (SRTE)/Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Effets des Radionucléides sur les Ecosystèmes (LECO), Cadarache, 13115 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Béatrice Gagnaire
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Pôle Santé Environnement-Environnement (PSE-ENV)/Service de Recherche sur les Transferts et les Effets des Radionucléides sur les Ecosystèmes (SRTE)/Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Effets des Radionucléides sur les Ecosystèmes (LECO), Cadarache, 13115 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Thierry D. Charlier
- Univ. Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Christelle Adam-Guillermin
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Pôle Santé Environnement-Santé (PSE-Santé)/Service de Recherche en Dosimétrie (SDOS)/Laboratoire de Micro-Irradiation, de Métrologie et de Dosimétrie des Neutrons (LMDN), Cadarache, 13115 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Xavier Cousin
- MARBEC, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, INRAE, 34250 Palavas Les Flots, France
| | - Oliver Armant
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Pôle Santé Environnement-Environnement (PSE-ENV)/Service de Recherche sur les Transferts et les Effets des Radionucléides sur les Ecosystèmes (SRTE)/Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Effets des Radionucléides sur les Ecosystèmes (LECO), Cadarache, 13115 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
- Correspondence: (E.C.); (O.A.)
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13
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Pohjoismäki JLO, Goffart S. Adaptive and Pathological Outcomes of Radiation Stress-Induced Redox Signaling. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:336-348. [PMID: 35044250 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Ionizing radiation can damage cells either directly or through oxidative damage caused by ionization. Although radiation exposure from natural sources is very limited, ionizing radiation in nuclear disaster zones and long spaceflights causes inconspicuous, yet measurable physiological effects in men and animals, whose significance remains poorly known. Understanding the physiological impacts of ionizing radiation has a wide importance due to the increased use of medical imaging and radiotherapy. Recent Advances: Radiation exposure has been traditionally investigated from the perspective of DNA damage and its consequences. However, recent studies from Chernobyl as well as spaceflights have provided interesting insights into oxidative stress-induced metabolic alterations and disturbances in the circadian regulation. Critical Issues: In this review, we discuss the physiological consequences of radiation exposure in the light of oxidative stress signaling. Radiation exposure likely triggers many converging or interconnecting signaling pathways, some of which mimic mitochondrial dysfunction and might explain the observed metabolic changes. Future Directions: Better understanding of the different radiation-induced signaling pathways might help to devise strategies for mitigation of the long-term effects of radiation exposure. The utility of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) as a radiation exposure biomarker and the use of radiation hormesis as a method to protect astronauts on a prolonged spaceflight, such as a mission to Mars, should be investigated. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 336-348.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaakko L O Pohjoismäki
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Steffi Goffart
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
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14
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Stem Cell Exosomes Improve Survival of Neural Stem Cells after Radiation Exposure. Bull Exp Biol Med 2022; 173:544-552. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-022-05587-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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15
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Liu Q, Huang Y, Duan M, Yang Q, Ren B, Tang F. Microglia as Therapeutic Target for Radiation-Induced Brain Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158286. [PMID: 35955439 PMCID: PMC9368164 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced brain injury (RIBI) after radiotherapy has become an increasingly important factor affecting the prognosis of patients with head and neck tumor. With the delivery of high doses of radiation to brain tissue, microglia rapidly transit to a pro-inflammatory phenotype, upregulate phagocytic machinery, and reduce the release of neurotrophic factors. Persistently activated microglia mediate the progression of chronic neuroinflammation, which may inhibit brain neurogenesis leading to the occurrence of neurocognitive disorders at the advanced stage of RIBI. Fully understanding the microglial pathophysiology and cellular and molecular mechanisms after irradiation may facilitate the development of novel therapy by targeting microglia to prevent RIBI and subsequent neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Liu
- The School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China; (Q.L.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yan Huang
- The School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China; (Q.L.); (Y.H.)
| | - Mengyun Duan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China; (M.D.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Qun Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China; (M.D.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Boxu Ren
- The School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China; (Q.L.); (Y.H.)
- Correspondence: (B.R.); (F.T.)
| | - Fengru Tang
- Radiation Physiology Laboratory, Singapore Nuclear Research and Safety Initiative, National University of Singapore, Singapore 138602, Singapore
- Correspondence: (B.R.); (F.T.)
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Tereshchenko LV, Shamsiev ID, Kadochnikova MA, Krasavin EA, Latanov AV. Early Effects of Cranial Irradiation by High Energy Protons on Visuomotor behavior in Nonhuman Primates. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350922020221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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17
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Posypanova GA, Ratushnyak MG, Semochkina YP, Strepetov AN. Response of murine neural stem/progenitor cells to gamma-neutron radiation. Int J Radiat Biol 2022; 98:1559-1570. [PMID: 35311625 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2055802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In recent years, a growing number of studies have focused on the mechanisms of action of densely ionizing radiation. This is associated with the development of radiation therapy of tumors using accelerated ions. The use of densely ionizing radiation appears to be the most promising method, optimal for treating patients with severe radioresistant forms, such as widespread head and neck tumors, recurrent and metastatic tumors, and some forms of brain tumors. The goal of our study was to investigate the effects of gamma-neutron radiation on mouse neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs/NPCs). METHODS NSCs/NPCs were isolated from neonatal mouse brains. Cells were irradiated in a collimated beam of neutrons and gamma rays of the IR-8 nuclear reactor. At 5 and 7 days after irradiation, cells and neurospheres were counted to assess survival. The number of DNA double-strand breaks and their repair efficiency were determined by immunocytochemical γH2AX staining followed by counting the number of γH2AX foci using a fluorescent microscope. RESULTS We observed a dose-dependent decrease in the survival of NSCs/NPCs after irradiation at doses above 100 mGy and stimulation of the proliferation of these cells at doses of 25 and 50 mGy. In terms of a decrease in cell survival, the effect of gamma-neutron irradiation significantly exceeded the effect of gamma irradiation: the maximum value of the relative biological efficiency for gamma-neutron irradiation comprised 9.7. Gamma-neutron irradiation led to the formation of double-strand DNA breaks detected by the formation of foci of histone γH2AX in the cell nuclei. The γH2AX foci formed after gamma-neutron irradiation of NSCs/NPCs at doses of 100-500 mGy were characterized by a larger size in comparison with foci induced by gamma irradiation and gamma-neutron irradiation at a dose of 50 mGy. The repair of double-strand DNA breaks induced by γ,n-irradiation was slow; the repair rate depended on the radiation dose. CONCLUSIONS The data obtained indicate high sensitivity of proliferating NSCs/NPCs to gamma-neutron radiation. High RBE of gamma-neutron radiation requires special measures to protect the neurogenic regions of the brain when using this type of radiation in radiation therapy.
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Pianpanit T, Saenboonruang K. High-Energy Photon Attenuation Properties of Lead-Free and Self-Healing Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) (PVA) Hydrogels: Numerical Determination and Simulation. Gels 2022; 8:gels8040197. [PMID: 35448098 PMCID: PMC9025053 DOI: 10.3390/gels8040197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This work numerically determined high-energy photon shielding properties of self-healing poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels containing lead-free, heavy-metal compounds, namely, bismuth oxide (Bi2O3), tungsten oxide (WO3), and barium sulfate (BaSO4), through XCOM software packages. In order to understand the dependencies of the shielding properties of the hydrogels on filler contents and photon energies, the filler contents added to the hydrogels were varied from 0–40 wt.% and the photon energies were varied from 0.001–5 MeV. The results, which were verified for their reliability and correctness with those obtained from PHITS (Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System), indicated that overall shielding performances, which included the mass attenuation coefficients (µm), the linear attenuation coefficient (µ), the half-value layer (HVL), and the lead equivalence (Pbeq), of the hydrogels improved with increasing filler contents but generally decreased with increasing photon energies. Among the three compounds investigated in this work, Bi2O3/PVA hydrogels exhibited the highest photon attenuation capabilities, determined at the same filler content and photon energy, mainly due to its highest atomic number of Bi and the highest density of Bi2O3 in comparison with other elements and compounds. Furthermore, due to possible reduction in self-healing and mechanical properties of the hydrogels with excessive filler contents, the least content of fillers providing a 10-mm sample with the required Pbeq value of 0.5 mmPb was investigated. The determination revealed that only the hydrogel containing at least 36 wt.% of Bi2O3 exhibited the Pbeq values greater than 0.5 mmPb for all photon energies of 0.05, 0.08, and 0.1 MeV (common X-ray energies in general nuclear facilities). The overall outcomes of the work promisingly implied the potential of PVA hydrogels to be used as novel and potent X-ray and gamma shielding materials with the additional self-healing and nonlead properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theerasarn Pianpanit
- Department of Applied Radiation and Isotopes, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
| | - Kiadtisak Saenboonruang
- Department of Applied Radiation and Isotopes, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
- Specialized Center of Rubber and Polymer Materials in Agriculture and Industry (RPM), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Special Research Unit of Radiation Technology for Advanced Materials, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-2-562-5555 (ext. 646219)
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Schuermann M, Dzierma Y, Nuesken F, Oertel J, Rübe C, Melchior P. Automatic Radiotherapy Planning for Glioblastoma Radiotherapy With Sparing of the Hippocampus and nTMS-Defined Motor Cortex. Front Neurol 2022; 12:787140. [PMID: 35095732 PMCID: PMC8795623 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.787140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundNavigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) of the motor cortex has been successfully implemented into radiotherapy planning by a number of studies. Furthermore, the hippocampus has been identified as a radiation-sensitive structure meriting particular sparing in radiotherapy. This study assesses the joint protection of these two eloquent brain regions for the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM), with particular emphasis on the use of automatic planning.Patients and MethodsPatients with motor-eloquent brain glioblastoma who underwent surgical resection after nTMS mapping of the motor cortex and adjuvant radiotherapy were retrospectively evaluated. The radiotherapy treatment plans were retrieved, and the nTMS-defined motor cortex and hippocampus contours were added. Four additional treatment plans were created for each patient: two manual plans aimed to reduce the dose to the motor cortex and hippocampus by manual inverse planning. The second pair of re-optimized plans was created by the Auto-Planning algorithm. The optimized plans were compared with the “Original” plan regarding plan quality, planning target volume (PTV) coverage, and sparing of organs at risk (OAR).ResultsA total of 50 plans were analyzed. All plans were clinically acceptable with no differences in the PTV coverage and plan quality metrics. The OARs were preserved in all plans; however, overall the sparing was significantly improved by Auto-Planning. Motor cortex protection was feasible and significant, amounting to a reduction in the mean dose by >6 Gy. The dose to the motor cortex outside the PTV was reduced by >12 Gy (mean dose) and >5 Gy (maximum dose). The hippocampi were significantly improved (reduction in mean dose: ipsilateral >6 Gy, contralateral >4.6 Gy; reduction in maximum dose: ipsilateral >5 Gy, contralateral >5 Gy). While the dose reduction using Auto-Planning was generally better than by manual optimization, the radiated total monitor units were significantly increased.ConclusionConsiderable dose sparing of the nTMS-motor cortex and hippocampus could be achieved with no disadvantages in plan quality. Auto-Planning could further contribute to better protection of OAR. Whether the improved dosimetric protection of functional areas can translate into improved quality of life and motor or cognitive performance of the patients can only be decided by future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Schuermann
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Michaela Schuermann
| | - Yvonne Dzierma
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany
| | - Frank Nuesken
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Oertel
- Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany
| | - Christian Rübe
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Melchior
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany
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20
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Guo L, Du QQ, Cheng PQ, Yang TT, Xing CQ, Luo XZ, Peng XC, Qian F, Huang JR, Tang FR. Neuroprotective Effects of Lycium barbarum Berry on Neurobehavioral Changes and Neuronal Loss in the Hippocampus of Mice Exposed to Acute Ionizing Radiation. Dose Response 2021; 19:15593258211057768. [PMID: 34887716 PMCID: PMC8649475 DOI: 10.1177/15593258211057768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Brain exposure to ionizing radiation during the
radiotherapy of brain tumor or metastasis of peripheral cancer cells to the
brain has resulted in cognitive dysfunction by reducing neurogenesis in
hippocampus. The water extract of Lycium barbarum berry (Lyc),
containing water-soluble Lycium barbarum polysaccharides and
flavonoids, can protect the neuronal injury by reducing oxidative stress and
suppressing neuroinflammation. Reseach Design: To demonstrate the long-term radioprotective effect
of Lyc, we evaluated the neurobehavioral alterations and the numbers of NeuN,
calbindin (CB), and parvalbumin (PV) immunopositive hippocampal neurons in
BALB/c mice after acute 5.5 Gy radiation with/without oral administration of Lyc
at the dosage of 10 g/kg daily for 4 weeks. Results: The results showed that Lyc could improve
irradiation-induced animal weight loss, depressive behaviors, spatial memory
impairment, and hippocampal neuron loss. Immunohistochemistry study demonstrated
that the loss of NeuN-immunopositive neuron in the hilus of the dentate gyrus,
CB-immunopositive neuron in CA1 strata radiatum, lacunosum moleculare and
oriens, and PV-positive neuron in CA1 stratum pyramidum and stratum granulosum
of the dentate gyrus after irradiation were significantly improved by Lyc
treatment. Conclusion: The neuroprotective effect of Lyc on those hippocampal
neurons may benefit the configuration of learning related neuronal networks and
then improve radiation induced neurobehavioral changes such as cognitive
impairment and depression. It suggests that Lycium
barbarum berry may be an alternative food supplement to prevent
radiation-induced neuron loss and neuropsychological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Guo
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Qian-Qian Du
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Piao-Qin Cheng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Ting-Ting Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Chao-Qun Xing
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xue-Zhi Luo
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Peng
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Feng Qian
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Jiang-Rong Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Feng-Ru Tang
- Radiation Physiology Laboratory, Singapore Nuclear Research and Safety Initiative, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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21
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Loganovsky KM, Fedirko PA, Marazziti D, Kuts KV, Antypchuk KY, Perchuk IV, Babenko TF, Loganovska TK, Kolosynska OO, Kreinis GY, Masiuk SV, Zdorenko LL, Zdanevich NA, Garkava NA, Dorichevska RY, Vasilenko ZL, Kravchenko VI, Drosdova NV, Yefimova YV, Malinyak AV. BRAIN AND EYE AS POTENTIAL TARGETS FOR IONIZING RADIATION IMPACT: PART II - RADIATION CEREBRO/OPHTALMIC EFFECTS IN CHILDREN, PERSONS EXPOSED IN UTERO, ASTRONAUTS AND INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGISTS. PROBLEMY RADIATSIINOI MEDYTSYNY TA RADIOBIOLOHII 2021; 26:57-97. [PMID: 34965543 DOI: 10.33145/2304-8336-2021-26-57-97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ionizing radiation (IR) can affect the brain and the visual organ even at low doses, while provoking cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and visual disorders. We proposed to consider the brain and the visual organ as potential targets for the influence of IR with the definition of cerebro-ophthalmic relationships as the «eye-brain axis». OBJECTIVE The present work is a narrative review of current experimental, epidemiological and clinical data on radiation cerebro-ophthalmic effects in children, individuals exposed in utero, astronauts and interventional radiologists. MATERIALS AND METHODS The review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines by searching the abstract and scientometric databases PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, PsycINFO, Google Scholar, published from 1998 to 2021, as well as the results of manual search of peer-reviewed publications. RESULTS Epidemiological data on the effects of low doses of IR on neurodevelopment are quite contradictory, while data on clinical, neuropsychological and neurophysiological on cognitive and cerebral disorders, especially in the left, dominant hemisphere of the brain, are nore consistent. Cataracts (congenital - after in utero irradiation) and retinal angiopathy are more common in prenatally-exposed people and children. Astronauts, who carry out longterm space missions outside the protection of the Earth's magnetosphere, will be exposed to galactic cosmic radiation (heavy ions, protons), which leads to cerebro-ophthalmic disorders, primarily cognitive and behavioral disorders and cataracts. Interventional radiologists are a special risk group for cerebro-ophthalmic pathology - cognitivedeficits, mainly due to dysfunction of the dominant and more radiosensitive left hemisphere of the brain, andcataracts, as well as early atherosclerosis and accelerated aging. CONCLUSIONS Results of current studies indicate the high radiosensitivity of the brain and eye in different contingents of irradiated persons. Further research is needed to clarify the nature of cerebro-ophthalmic disorders in different exposure scenarios, to determine the molecular biological mechanisms of these disorders, reliable dosimetric support and taking into account the influence of non-radiation risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Loganovsky
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - P A Fedirko
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - D Marazziti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Via Roma, 67, I 56100, Pisa, Italy
| | - K V Kuts
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - K Yu Antypchuk
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - I V Perchuk
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - T F Babenko
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - T K Loganovska
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - O O Kolosynska
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - G Yu Kreinis
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - S V Masiuk
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - L L Zdorenko
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - N A Zdanevich
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - N A Garkava
- State Institution «Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine», 9 Vernadsky Str., Dnipro, 49044, Ukraine
| | - R Yu Dorichevska
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - Z L Vasilenko
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - V I Kravchenko
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - N V Drosdova
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - Yu V Yefimova
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - A V Malinyak
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
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22
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Rashed ER, Abdel-Rafei MK, Thabet NM. Roles of Simvastatin and Sildenafil in Modulation of Cranial Irradiation-Induced Bystander Multiple Organs Injury in Rats. Inflammation 2021; 44:2554-2579. [PMID: 34420155 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01524-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In radiobiology and radiation oncology fields, the observation of a phenomenon called radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE) has introduced the prospect of remotely located tissues' affection. This phenomenon has been broadly developed to involve the concept of RIBE, which are relevant to the radiation-induced response of a distant tissue other than the irradiated one. The current study aimed at investigating each of the RIBE of cranial irradiation on oxidative and inflammatory status in different organs such as liver, kidney, heart, lung, and spleen. Being a vital target of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory response to an inflammatory stimulus, the splenic α-7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α-7nAchR) was evaluated and the hepatic contents of thioredoxin, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha and paraoxinase-1 (Trx/PPAR-α/PON) were also assessed as indicators for the liver oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Being reported to act as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents, simvastatin (SV) and/or sildenafil (SD) were investigated for their effects against RIBE on these organs. These objectives were achieved via the biochemical assessments and the histopathological tissues examinations. Five experimental groups, one sham irradiated and four irradiated groups, were exposed to cranial irradiation at dose level of 25 Gy using an experimental irradiator with a Cobalt (Co60) source, RIBE, RIBE + SV (20 mg.(kg.bw)-1 day-1), RIBE + SD (75 mg.(kg.bw)-1 day-1), and RIBE + SV + SD. Cranial irradiation induced structural, biochemical, and functional dys-regulations in non-targeted organs. RIBE-induced organs' injuries have been significantly corrected by the administration of SV and/or SD. Our results suggest the possibility of a potentiated interaction between SV and SD in the modulation of the RIBE associated with head and neck radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engy Refaat Rashed
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Khairy Abdel-Rafei
- Radiation Biology Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt.
- Radiation Biology Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Noura Magdy Thabet
- Radiation Biology Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
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23
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Lotfy DM, Hasan HF, Mostafa DM. Pulmonary prophylactic impact of bee venom against alterations induced by gamma irradiation via TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in rats. TOXIN REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2021.1988979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dina Mahmoud Lotfy
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hesham Farouk Hasan
- Radiation Biology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalia M. Mostafa
- Radiation Biology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt
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24
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Betlazar C, Middleton RJ, Howell N, Storer B, Davis E, Davies J, Banati R, Liu GJ. Mitochondrial Translocator Protein (TSPO) Expression in the Brain After Whole Body Gamma Irradiation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:715444. [PMID: 34760884 PMCID: PMC8573390 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.715444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain's early response to low dose ionizing radiation, as may be encountered during diagnostic procedures and space exploration, is not yet fully characterized. In the brain parenchyma, the mitochondrial translocator protein (TSPO) is constitutively expressed at low levels by endothelial cells, and can therefore be used to assess the integrity of the brain's vasculature. At the same time, the inducible expression of TSPO in activated microglia, the brain's intrinsic immune cells, is a regularly observed early indicator of subtle or incipient brain pathology. Here, we explored the use of TSPO as a biomarker of brain tissue injury following whole body irradiation. Post-radiation responses were measured in C57BL/6 wild type (Tspo +/+) and TSPO knockout (Tspo -/-) mice 48 h after single whole body gamma irradiations with low doses 0, 0.01, and 0.1 Gy and a high dose of 2 Gy. Additionally, post-radiation responses of primary microglial cell cultures were measured at 1, 4, 24, and 48 h at an irradiation dose range of 0 Gy-2 Gy. TSPO mRNA and protein expression in the brain showed a decreased trend after 0.01 Gy relative to sham-irradiated controls, but remained unchanged after higher doses. Immunohistochemistry confirmed subtle decreases in TSPO expression after 0.01 Gy in vascular endothelial cells of the hippocampal region and in ependymal cells, with no detectable changes following higher doses. Cytokine concentrations in plasma after whole body irradiation showed differential changes in IL-6 and IL-10 with some variations between Tspo-/- and Tspo +/+ animals. The in vitro measurements of TSPO in primary microglial cell cultures showed a significant reduction 1 h after low dose irradiation (0.01 Gy). In summary, acute low and high doses of gamma irradiation up to 2 Gy reduced TSPO expression in the brain's vascular compartment without de novo induction of TSPO expression in parenchymal microglia, while TSPO expression in directly irradiated, isolated, and thus highly activated microglia, too, was reduced after low dose irradiation. The potential link between TSPO, its role in mitochondrial energy metabolism and the selective radiation sensitivity, notably of cells with constitutive TSPO expression such as vascular endothelial cells, merits further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calina Betlazar
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Discipline of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Ryan J. Middleton
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicholas Howell
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ben Storer
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Emma Davis
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Justin Davies
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard Banati
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Discipline of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Guo-Jun Liu
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Discipline of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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25
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Wei M, Feng S, Zhang L, Wang C, Chu S, Shi T, Zhou W, Zhang Y. Active Fraction Combination From Liuwei Dihuang Decoction Improves Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Neurogenic Microenvironment in Cranially Irradiated Mice. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:717719. [PMID: 34630096 PMCID: PMC8495126 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.717719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cranial radiotherapy is clinically used in the treatment of brain tumours; however, the consequent cognitive and emotional dysfunctions seriously impair the life quality of patients. LW-AFC, an active fraction combination extracted from classical traditional Chinese medicine prescription Liuwei Dihuang decoction, can improve cognitive and emotional dysfunctions in many animal models; however, the protective effect of LW-AFC on cranial irradiation–induced cognitive and emotional dysfunctions has not been reported. Recent studies indicate that impairment of adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) and alterations of the neurogenic microenvironment in the hippocampus constitute critical factors in cognitive and emotional dysfunctions following cranial irradiation. Here, our research further investigated the potential protective effects and mechanisms of LW-AFC on cranial irradiation–induced cognitive and emotional dysfunctions in mice. Methods: LW-AFC (1.6 g/kg) was intragastrically administered to mice for 14 days before cranial irradiation (7 Gy γ-ray). AHN was examined by quantifying the number of proliferative neural stem cells and immature neurons in the dorsal and ventral hippocampus. The contextual fear conditioning test, open field test, and tail suspension test were used to assess cognitive and emotional functions in mice. To detect the change of the neurogenic microenvironment, colorimetry and multiplex bead analysis were performed to measure the level of oxidative stress, neurotrophic and growth factors, and inflammation in the hippocampus. Results: LW-AFC exerted beneficial effects on the contextual fear memory, anxiety behaviour, and depression behaviour in irradiated mice. Moreover, LW-AFC increased the number of proliferative neural stem cells and immature neurons in the dorsal hippocampus, displaying a regional specificity of neurogenic response. For the neurogenic microenvironment, LW-AFC significantly increased the contents of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione, and catalase and decreased the content of malondialdehyde in the hippocampus of irradiated mice, accompanied by the increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor, insulin-like growth factor-1, and interleukin-4 content. Together, LW-AFC improved cognitive and emotional dysfunctions, promoted AHN preferentially in the dorsal hippocampus, and ameliorated disturbance in the neurogenic microenvironment in irradiated mice. Conclusion: LW-AFC ameliorates cranial irradiation–induced cognitive and emotional dysfunctions, and the underlying mechanisms are mediated by promoting AHN in the dorsal hippocampus and improving the neurogenic microenvironment. LW-AFC might be a promising therapeutic agent to treat cognitive and emotional dysfunctions in patients receiving cranial radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxiao Wei
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.,State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Shufang Feng
- Department of Poisoning and the Treatment, Affiliated Hospital to Academy of Military Medical Sciences (the 307 Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.,State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Shasha Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxia Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Yongxiang Zhang
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.,State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
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26
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Schmal Z, Hammer B, Müller A, Rübe CE. Fractionated Low-Dose Radiation Induces Long-Lasting Inflammatory Responses in the Hippocampal Stem Cell Niche. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021; 111:1262-1275. [PMID: 34280471 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite major technical advances in hippocampus-sparing radiation therapy, radiation-induced injury to the neural stem cell compartment may affect neurocognitive functions. In the brain, glial cells modulate neuronal functions and are major mediators of neuroinflammation. In a preclinical mouse model with fractionated low-dose radiation (LDR), the complex response to radiation-induced injury was analyzed in the hippocampal stem cell compartment over a period of 6 months. METHODS AND MATERIALS Adult and juvenile C57BL/6NCrl mice were exposed to low doses of ionizing radiation (IR; 20 fractions of 0.1 Gy, for up to 4 weeks) daily. At 72 hours and 1, 3, and 6 months after fractionated LDR, magnetic resonance imaging (9.4 T) was conducted to detect structural and functional abnormalities in the hippocampal region. Using immunofluorescence and histologic studies, neuroglia cells (astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes) were quantified and neuroinflammatory responses were characterized in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Using in vivo bromodeoxyuridine labeling, the cell fate of newly generated progenitor cells was tracked in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus during fractionated LDR. RESULTS Low doses of IR induced long-lasting inflammatory responses with local increases of activated microglia and reactive astrocytes, which were most pronounced in the juvenile hippocampus within the first months after LDR. Glial activation with the consequent release of proinflammatory mediators increased local blood flow and vascular permeability in the hippocampal region. Cell fate mapping of progenitors located in the subgranular zone revealed a transient shift from neurogenesis to gliogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Glial cell activation and transient neuroinflammation may reflect radiation-induced neuronal damage in the hippocampal stem cell niche. The increased proliferative capacity of the developing brain may explain the enhanced hippocampal radiosensitivity, with stronger inflammatory reactions in the juvenile hippocampus. Thus, limiting the radiation dose to the hippocampal region is an important issue of clinical radiation therapy at all ages to preserve neurocognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andreas Müller
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany
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27
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Garrett L, Ung MC, Einicke J, Zimprich A, Fenzl F, Pawliczek D, Graw J, Dalke C, Hölter SM. Complex Long-term Effects of Radiation on Adult Mouse Behavior. Radiat Res 2021; 197:67-77. [PMID: 34237145 DOI: 10.1667/rade-20-00281.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We have shown previously that a single radiation event (0.063, 0.125 or 0.5 Gy, 0.063 Gy/min) in adult mice (age 10 weeks) can have delayed dose-dependent effects on locomotor behavior 18 months postirradiation. The highest dose (0.5 Gy) reduced, whereas the lowest dose (0.063 Gy) increased locomotor activity at older age independent of sex or genotype. In the current study we investigated whether higher doses administered at a higher dose rate (0.5, 1 or 2 Gy, 0.3 Gy/min) at the same age (10 weeks) cause stronger or earlier effects on a range of behaviors, including locomotion, anxiety, sensorimotor and cognitive behavior. There were clear dose-dependent effects on spontaneous locomotor and exploratory activity, anxiety-related behavior, body weight and affiliative social behavior independent of sex or genotype of wild-type and Ercc2S737P heterozygous mice on a mixed C57BL/6JG and C3HeB/FeJ background. In addition, smaller genotype- and dose-dependent radiation effects on working memory were evident in males, but not in females. The strongest dose-dependent radiation effects were present 4 months postirradiation, but only effects on affiliative social behaviors persisted until 12 months postirradiation. The observed radiation-induced behavioral changes were not related to alterations in the eye lens, as 4 months postirradiation anterior and posterior parts of the lens were still normal. Overall, we did not find any sensitizing effect of the mutation towards radiation effects in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillian Garrett
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Institute of Developmental Genetics, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marie-Claire Ung
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Institute of Developmental Genetics, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jan Einicke
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Institute of Developmental Genetics, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annemarie Zimprich
- Technical University Munich, School of Life Science Weihenstephan, Freising, Germany
| | - Felix Fenzl
- Technical University Munich, School of Life Science Weihenstephan, Freising, Germany
| | - Daniel Pawliczek
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Institute of Developmental Genetics, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jochen Graw
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Institute of Developmental Genetics, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Dalke
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Institute of Developmental Genetics, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sabine M Hölter
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Institute of Developmental Genetics, Neuherberg, Germany.,Technical University Munich, School of Life Science Weihenstephan, Freising, Germany
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Thabet NM, Rashed ER, Abdel-Rafei MK, Moustafa EM. Modulation of the Nitric Oxide/BH4 Pathway Protects Against Irradiation-Induced Neuronal Damage. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:1641-1658. [PMID: 33755856 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03306-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The kynurenine pathway (KP, IDO/Kyn pathway) is an important metabolic pathway related to many diseases. Although cranial radiotherapy is the mainstay in metastatic tumors management, its efficacy is limited owing to the associated neuropsychiatric disorders. Sildenafil (SD) and simvastatin (SV) were reported to have antioxidant/anti-inflammatory effects and to serve as NO donor/BH4 regulator, respectively. Fluoxetine (Fx) is an FDA-approved anti-depressant agent and one of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor drugs (SSRI), used in neurological disorder treatment. The study objective was to investigate the role of cranial irradiation (C-IR) on KP signaling impairment and the possible intervention by SD and/or SV (as nitric oxide (NO) donor/Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) regulatory) on KP following C-IR-induced disruption compared with Fx (as standard drug).Herein, rats were exposed to C-IR at a single dose level of 25 Gy, then treated with sildenafil (SD) and/or simvastatin (SV), and fluoxetine (Fx) at doses of 75, 20, 10 mg/kg/day, respectively. The body weight gain and forced swimming test (FST) were used for evaluation along with the biochemical quantifications of KP intermediates and histopathological examination of cortex and hippocampus. The results indicated a significant activation of KP following C-IR as manifested by decreased Trp content and increased activities of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) with a rise in kynurenine (KYN) and quinolinic acid (QA) hippocampal contents. In addition, a state of C-IR-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, NO-pathway dysregulation and neuronal apoptosis were observed as compared to the control group. However, significant modulations were recorded after the combined administration of SD and SV than those offered by each of them alone and by Fx. The biochemical assessment results were supported by the histopathological tissue examination. It could be concluded that the co-administration of SV and SD offers a neuroprotective effect against irradiation-induced brain injury due to its NO donor/BH4 regulatory activities, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that modulate IDO/KYN pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura Magdy Thabet
- Radiation Biology Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Engy Refaat Rashed
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Khairy Abdel-Rafei
- Radiation Biology Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Enas Mahmoud Moustafa
- Radiation Biology Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
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29
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El-Missiry MA, Shabana S, Ghazala SJ, Othman AI, Amer ME. Melatonin exerts a neuroprotective effect against γ-radiation-induced brain injury in the rat through the modulation of neurotransmitters, inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:31108-31121. [PMID: 33598836 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12951-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The current study aimed to investigate the ameliorative effect of melatonin (MLT) against brain injury in rats undergoing whole-body exposure to γ-radiation. Male Wistar rats were whole-body exposed to 4-Gy γ-radiation from a cesium-137 source. MLT (10 mg/kg) was orally administrated 30 minutes before irradiation and continued once daily for 1 and 7 days after exposure. In the irradiated rats, the plasma levels of glutamate were increased, while the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels were decreased, and MLT improved the disturbed glutamate and GABA levels. These effects paralleled an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1b, IL-6, and TNF-a) and C-reactive protein as well as a decrease in IL-10 in the plasma of the irradiated rats. MLT treatment markedly reduced these effects, indicating its anti-inflammatory impact. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated a remarkable upregulation of caspase-3 and P53 expression, indicating the increased apoptosis in the brain of irradiated rats. MLT significantly downregulated the expression of these parameters compared with that in the irradiated rats, indicating its anti-apoptotic effect. Oxidative stress is developed in the brain as evidenced by increased levels of malondialdehyde; decreased activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase; and decreased content of glutathione in the brain. MLT remarkably ameliorated the development of oxidative stress in the brain of the irradiated rats indicating its antioxidant impact. The histopathological results were consistent with the biochemical and immunohistochemical results and showed that MLT remarkably protected the histological structure of brain tissue compared with that in the irradiated rats. In conclusion, MLT showed potential neuroprotective properties by increasing the release of neurotransmitters, antioxidants, and anti-inflammatory factors and reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis in the brain of irradiated rats. MLT can be beneficial in clinical and occupational settings requiring radiation exposure; however, additional studies are required to elucidate its neuroprotective effect in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sameh Shabana
- Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Sara J Ghazala
- Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Azza I Othman
- Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Maggie E Amer
- Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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30
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Sorokina SS, Malkov AE, Shubina LV, Zaichkina SI, Pikalov VA. Low dose of carbon ion irradiation induces early delayed cognitive impairments in mice. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2021; 60:61-71. [PMID: 33392787 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-020-00889-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
People often encounter various sources of ionizing radiation, both in modern medicine and under various environmental conditions, such as space travel, nuclear power plants or in conditions of man-made disasters that may lead to long-term cognitive impairment. Whilst the effect of exposure to low and high doses of gamma and X-radiation on the central nervous system (CNS) has been well investigated, the consequences of protons and heavy ions irradiation are quite different and poorly understood. As for the assessment of long-term effects of carbon ions on cognitive abilities and neurodegeneration, very few data appeared in the literature. The main object of the research is to investigate the effects of accelerated carbon ions on the cognitive function. Experiments were performed on male SHK mice at an age of two months. Mice were irradiated with a dose of 0.7 Gy of accelerated carbon ions with an energy of 450 meV/n in spread-out Bragg peak (SOBP) on a U-70 particle accelerator (Protvino, Russia). Two months after the irradiation, mice were tested for total activity, spatial learning, as well as long- and short-term hippocampus-dependent memory. One month after the evaluation of cognitive activity, histological analysis of dorsal hippocampus was carried out to assess its morphological state and to reveal late neuronal degeneration. It was found that the mice irradiated with accelerated carbon ions develop an altered behavioral pattern characterized by anxiety and a shortage in hippocampal-dependent memory retention, but not in episodic memory. Nissl staining revealed a reduction in the number of cells in the dorsal hippocampus of irradiated mice, with the most pronounced reduction in cell density observed in the dentate gyrus (DG) hilus. Also, the length of the CA3 field of the dorsal hippocampus was significantly reduced, and the number of cells in it was moderately decreased. Experiments with the use of Fluoro-Jade B (FJB) staining revealed no FJB-positive regions in the dorsal hippocampus of irradiated and control animals 3 months after the irradiation. Thus, no morbid cells were detected in irradiated and control groups. The results obtained indicate that total irradiation with a low dose of carbon ions can produce a cognitive deficit in adult mice without evidence of neurodegenerative pathologic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Sorokina
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics Russian Academy of Sciences (ITEB RAS), Pushchino, Russia.
| | - A E Malkov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics Russian Academy of Sciences (ITEB RAS), Pushchino, Russia
| | - L V Shubina
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics Russian Academy of Sciences (ITEB RAS), Pushchino, Russia
| | - S I Zaichkina
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics Russian Academy of Sciences (ITEB RAS), Pushchino, Russia
| | - V A Pikalov
- Institute of High Energy Physics Named by A.A. Logunov of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Protvino, Russia
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31
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Gilly WF, Teal P, Graves EE, Lo J, Schneider MB, Zasio R, Adler JR. Effects of Focal Ionizing Radiation of the Squid Stellate Ganglion on Synaptic and Axonal Transmission in the Giant-Fiber Pathway. Cureus 2021; 13:e13110. [PMID: 33692914 PMCID: PMC7938441 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.13110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation is clinically used to treat neurological problems and reduce pathological levels of neural activity in the brain, but its cellular-level mechanisms are not well understood. Although spontaneous and stimulated synaptic activity has been produced in rodents by clinically and environmentally relevant doses of radiation, the effects on basic excitability properties of neurons have seldom been reported. This study examined the effects of focused ionizing radiation on synaptic transmission and action potential generation in the squid giant-fiber system, which includes the giant synapse between a secondary interneuron and the tertiary giant motor axons. Radiation of 140-300 Gy was delivered to a stellate ganglion of a living squid over several minutes, with the contralateral stellate ganglion serving as an internal control. No qualitative changes in the efficacy of synaptic transmission were noted in conjunction with stimulation of the input to the giant synapse, although in one irradiated ganglion, the refractory period increased from about 5 ms to more than 45 seconds. Small but significant changes in the action potential recorded from the giant motor axon in response to electrical stimulation were associated with an increased maximum rate of fall and a shortened action potential duration. Other action-potential parameters, including resting potential, overshoot, the maximum rate of the rise, and the refractory period were not significantly changed. Attempts to account for the observed changes in the action potential were carried through a Hodgkin-Huxley model of the action potential. This approach suggests that an increase in the maximum voltage-gated potassium conductance of about 50% mimics the action potential shortening and increased rate of fall that was experimentally observed. We propose that such an effect could result from phosphorylation of squid potassium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- William F Gilly
- Biology, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, USA
| | - P Teal
- Biology, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, USA
| | - Edward E Graves
- Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA
| | - Jackei Lo
- Radiation Oncology, Stanford Health Care, Stanford, USA
| | - M Bret Schneider
- Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA.,Psychiatry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA
| | - Reese Zasio
- Veterinary Service Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA
| | - John R Adler
- Radiation Oncology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, USA.,Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA
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Pasqual E, Boussin F, Bazyka D, Nordenskjold A, Yamada M, Ozasa K, Pazzaglia S, Roy L, Thierry-Chef I, de Vathaire F, Benotmane MA, Cardis E. Cognitive effects of low dose of ionizing radiation - Lessons learned and research gaps from epidemiological and biological studies. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 147:106295. [PMID: 33341586 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The last decades have seen increased concern about the possible effects of low to moderate doses of ionizing radiation (IR) exposure on cognitive function. An interdisciplinary group of experts (biologists, epidemiologists, dosimetrists and clinicians) in this field gathered together in the framework of the European MELODI workshop on non-cancer effects of IR to summarise the state of knowledge on the topic and elaborate research recommendations for future studies in this area. Overall, there is evidence of cognitive effects from low IR doses both from biology and epidemiology, though a better characterization of effects and understanding of mechanisms is needed. There is a need to better describe the specific cognitive function or diseases that may be affected by radiation exposure. Such cognitive deficit characterization should consider the human life span, as effects might differ with age at exposure and at outcome assessment. Measurements of biomarkers, including imaging, will likely help our understanding on the mechanism of cognitive-related radiation induced deficit. The identification of loci of individual genetic susceptibility and the study of gene expression may help identify individuals at higher risk. The mechanisms behind the radiation induced cognitive effects are not clear and are likely to involve several biological pathways and different cell types. Well conducted research in large epidemiological cohorts and experimental studies in appropriate animal models are needed to improve the understanding of radiation-induced cognitive effects. Results may then be translated into recommendations for clinical radiation oncology and imaging decision making processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Pasqual
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Campus Mar, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.
| | - François Boussin
- Université de Paris and Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, LRP/iRCM/IBFJ CEA, UMR Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Dimitry Bazyka
- National Research Center for Radiation Medicine, 53 Illenko str., Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Arvid Nordenskjold
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Neurology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michiko Yamada
- Department of Clinical Studies, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kotaro Ozasa
- Department of Epidemiology, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Simonetta Pazzaglia
- Laboratory of Biomedical Technologies, ENEA CR-Casaccia, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Laurence Roy
- Department for Research on the Biological and Health Effects of Ionising Radiation. Institut of Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Isabelle Thierry-Chef
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Campus Mar, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Florent de Vathaire
- Radiation Epidemiology Teams, INSERM Unit 1018, University Paris Saclay, Gustave Roussy, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | | | - Elisabeth Cardis
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Campus Mar, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
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33
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Abdullaev SA, Evdokimovskii EV, Gaziev AI. A Study of Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number and Heteroplasmy in Different Rat Brain Regions after Cranial Proton Impact. BIOL BULL+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359020110023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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34
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Ung MC, Garrett L, Dalke C, Leitner V, Dragosa D, Hladik D, Neff F, Wagner F, Zitzelsberger H, Miller G, de Angelis MH, Rößler U, Vogt Weisenhorn D, Wurst W, Graw J, Hölter SM. Dose-dependent long-term effects of a single radiation event on behaviour and glial cells. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 97:156-169. [PMID: 33264576 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1857455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The increasing use of low-dose ionizing radiation in medicine requires a systematic study of its long-term effects on the brain, behaviour and its possible association with neurodegenerative disease vulnerability. Therefore, we analysed the long-term effects of a single low-dose irradiation exposure at 10 weeks of age compared to medium and higher doses on locomotor, emotion-related and sensorimotor behaviour in mice as well as on hippocampal glial cell populations. MATERIALS AND METHODS We determined the influence of radiation dose (0, 0.063, 0.125 or 0.5 Gy), time post-irradiation (4, 12 and 18 months p.i.), sex and genotype (wild type versus mice with Ercc2 DNA repair gene point mutation) on behaviour. RESULTS The high dose (0.5 Gy) had early-onset adverse effects at 4 months p.i. on sensorimotor recruitment and late-onset negative locomotor effects at 12 and 18 months p.i. Notably, the low dose (0.063 Gy) produced no early effects but subtle late-onset (18 months) protective effects on sensorimotor recruitment and exploratory behaviour. Quantification and morphological characterization of the microglial and the astrocytic cells of the dentate gyrus 24 months p.i. indicated heightened immune activity after high dose irradiation (0.125 and 0.5 Gy) while conversely, low dose (0.063 Gy) induced more neuroprotective features. CONCLUSION This is one of the first studies demonstrating such long-term and late-onset effects on brain and behaviour after a single radiation event in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Claire Ung
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Research Unit of Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lillian Garrett
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Dalke
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Daniel Dragosa
- Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Daniela Hladik
- Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Frauke Neff
- Institute of Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Florian Wagner
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Horst Zitzelsberger
- Research Unit of Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gregor Miller
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabĕ de Angelis
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Experimental Genetics, School of Life Science Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ute Rößler
- Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Department of Radiation Protection and Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Daniela Vogt Weisenhorn
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Chair of Developmental Genetics, Faculty of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Munich, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Graw
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sabine M Hölter
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
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35
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Radioprotective Effect of Flavonoids on Ionizing Radiation-Induced Brain Damage. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235719. [PMID: 33287417 PMCID: PMC7730479 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients receiving brain radiotherapy may suffer acute or chronic side effects. Ionizing radiation induces the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the central nervous system, leading to brain damage. Complementary Chinese herbal medicine therapy may reduce radiotherapy-induced side effects. Flavonoids are a class of natural products which can be extracted from Chinese herbal medicine and have been shown to have neuroprotective and radioprotective properties. Flavonoids are effective antioxidants and can also inhibit regulatory enzymes or transcription factors important for controlling inflammatory mediators, affect oxidative stress through interaction with DNA and enhance genomic stability. In this paper, radiation-induced brain damage and the relevant molecular mechanism were summarized. The radio-neuro-protective effect of flavonoids, i.e., antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and maintaining genomic stability, were then reviewed. We concluded that flavonoids treatment may be a promising complementary therapy to prevent radiotherapy-induced brain pathophysiological changes and cognitive impairment.
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36
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Loganovsky KN, Masiuk SV, Buzunov VA, Marazziti D, Voychulene YS. Radiation Risk Analysis of Neuropsychiatric Disorders in Ukrainian Chornobyl Catastrophe Liquidators. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:553420. [PMID: 33312134 PMCID: PMC7704427 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.553420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Goal: To explore the possible impact of ionizing radiation in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders amongst clean-up workers of the Chornobyl catastrophe (liquidators). Design, object, and methods: Retrospective-prospective study (1987-2015) of liquidators from the State Register of Ukraine (SRU) with radiation doses records and Clinical-Epidemiological Register (CER) of the State Institution ≪National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine≫ (NRCRM). Moreover, cohort and cross-sectional studies of the randomized sample of liquidators from the CER (exposed group, 198 subjects) were examined. Internal control group included the liquidators irradiated in doses <50.0 mSv (42 persons). All subjects were assessed by a detailed clinical examination and a battery of standardized neuropsychiatric scales, psychometric, and neuropsychological tests. Descriptive and variation statistics, non-parametric criteria, regression-correlation analysis, survival analysis by Kaplan & Meier, and risk analysis were used. Results: Exposed group vs. control group showed cognitive disorders in 99 (50.0%) vs. 20 (18.1%), (P = 0.04); affective disorders in 96 (48.3%) vs. 36 (32.7%) (P = 0.007), and stress-related disorders in 115 (58.4%) vs. 8 (7.3%) (P < 0.001). In the main group exposed to ≥50 mSv vs. internal control group (exposed to <50 mSv), affective disorders were present, respectively, in 89 (56.4%) vs. 7 (19.1%) (P < 0.001), and stress-related disorders in 98 (62.8%) vs. 17 (40.4%) (P = 0.009). Relative risks (RR) and 95% confidential intervals (95%CI) of Incidence of some neuropsychiatric disorders in liquidators of 1986-1987 related to internal control (doses <50 mSv) were as follows: organic psychosis (RR = 3.15; 95% CI: 2.6; 3.7); non-psychotic organic brain damage (RR = 1.99; 95% CI: 1.6; 2.5); acute (RR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.3; 1.5), and chronic cerebrovascular disorders (RR = 1.23; 95% CI 1.0;1.5). Neuropsychiatric diseases show a strong, increasing, and approximately quadratic statistically significant (Pv < 0.001) relationship with individual dose, yielding an estimated excess relative risk ERR = 2.76 Sv-2 (95% CI 1.06-7.15). Conclusions: Liquidators have an excess of cognitive, affective, and stress-related disorders. The risk of diseases rises with radiation dose. Radiation risks are revealed for organic psychoses, non-psychotic organic brain damage, acute and chronic cerebrovascular pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantyn N. Loganovsky
- State Institution “National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine”, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Sergii V. Masiuk
- State Institution “National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine”, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Vladimir A. Buzunov
- State Institution “National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine”, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Donatella Marazziti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Yuliya S. Voychulene
- State Institution “National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine”, Kyiv, Ukraine
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Shukla SK, Sharma AK, Bajaj S, Yashavarddhan MH. Radiation proteome: a clue to protection, carcinogenesis, and drug development. Drug Discov Today 2020; 26:525-531. [PMID: 33137481 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar Shukla
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Lucknow road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India.
| | - Ajay Kumar Sharma
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Lucknow road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Sania Bajaj
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Lucknow road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - M H Yashavarddhan
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Lucknow road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
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38
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Karpiński TM, Adamczak A, Ożarowski M. Radioprotective Effects of Plants from the Lamiaceae Family. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 22:4-19. [PMID: 33121420 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666201029120147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Edible and medicinal plants are still an interesting source of promising biologically active substances to drug discovery and development. At a time of increasing cancer incidence in the world, alleviating the bothersome side effects of radiotherapy in debilitated cancer patients is becoming an important challenge. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to overview the literature data concerning the radioprotective activity of extracts, essential oils, and some chemical compounds obtained from 12 species belonging to the Lamiaceae family, gathering of numerous spice and medicinal plants rich in valuable phytochemicals. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The analysis of available publications showed radioprotective effectiveness of essential oils and complex extracts containing phenolic acids and flavonoids in various in vitro and in vivo models. Relatively welldocumented preventive properties exhibited the following species: Mentha × piperita, Ocimum tenuiflorum, Origanum vulgare, and Rosmarinus officinalis. However, few plants such as Lavandula angustifolia, Mentha arvensis, M. spicata, Plectranthus amboinicus, Salvia miltiorrhiza, S. officinalis, Scutellaria baicalensis, and Zataria multiflora should be more investigated in the future. Among the mechanisms of radioprotective effects of well-studied extracts and phytochemicals, it can be mentioned mainly the protection against chromosomal damage, scavenging free radicals, decreasing of lipid peroxidation and elevating of glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and alkaline phosphatase enzyme levels as well as the reduction the cell death. The plant substances protected the gastrointestinal tract, bone marrow and lung fibroblasts. In conclusion, studied species of Lamiaceae family and their active chemical compounds are potent in alleviating the side effects of radiotherapy and should be considered as a complementary therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz M Karpiński
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań. Poland
| | - Artur Adamczak
- Department of Botany, Breeding and Agricultural Technology of Medicinal Plants, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, Poznań. Poland
| | - Marcin Ożarowski
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, Poznań. Poland
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Zhang Y, Bai Y, Bai J, Li L, Gao L, Wang F. Targeting Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase with TPPU Alleviates Irradiation‐Induced Hyposalivation in Mice via Preventing Apoptosis and Microcirculation Disturbance. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyang Zhang
- School of Stomatology Dalian Medical University No.9 West Section Lvshun South Road Dalian Liaoning Province 116044 P. R. China
| | - Yuwen Bai
- School of Stomatology Dalian Medical University No.9 West Section Lvshun South Road Dalian Liaoning Province 116044 P. R. China
| | - Jie Bai
- School of Stomatology Dalian Medical University No.9 West Section Lvshun South Road Dalian Liaoning Province 116044 P. R. China
| | - Lijun Li
- School of Stomatology Dalian Medical University No.9 West Section Lvshun South Road Dalian Liaoning Province 116044 P. R. China
| | - Lu Gao
- School of Stomatology Dalian Medical University No.9 West Section Lvshun South Road Dalian Liaoning Province 116044 P. R. China
| | - Fu Wang
- School of Stomatology Dalian Medical University No.9 West Section Lvshun South Road Dalian Liaoning Province 116044 P. R. China
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Abdel-Rafei MK, Thabet NM. Modulatory effect of methylsulfonylmethane against BPA/γ-radiation induced neurodegenerative alterations in rats: Influence of TREM-2/DAP-12/Syk pathway. Life Sci 2020; 260:118410. [PMID: 32926927 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM), is an organosulfur compound, has many health benefits. Bisphenol-A (BPA) and γ-radiation (R) are two risky environmental contaminants that human beings are exposed to in everyday life. This work aims at unveiling the modulatory role of MSM in combating BPA and R co-exposure induced neurodegenerative disorder (Alzheimer's (AD)-mimic neurotoxicity). MAIN METHODS Female rats were randomly divided into five groups. One group was normal control and the other four groups were subjected to subacute BPA intoxication and/or exposed to fractionated weekly doses of R for 4 weeks and either untreated or treated with MSM concomitantly. KEY FINDINGS BPA and R co-exposure induced typical hallmarks of neurodegenerative disorders as revealed by tremendously elevated oxidative stress, extensive neuroinflammation (tumor necrosis factor -α and interleukin-1β), elevated AD markers (amyloid-beta (Aβ42), acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity and tau-phosphorylation) in cortex and hippocampus as well as up-regulation of microglial pro-inflammatory triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell-2(TREM-2)/DNAX-activating protein of 12 kDa (DAP-12)/spleen-tyrosine kinase (Syk) pathway and its downstream targets (PLC-γ/DAG/p38-MAPK) in hippocampus. Also, neurodegenerative lesions were revealed in histopathological examination of cortex and hippocampus coupled with marked Aβ deposition in hippocampus. Whereas, MSM treatment improved histopathological insults and ameliorated level of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and AD markers as well as modulated TREM-2/DAP-12/Syk pathway. SIGNIFICANCE Our data suggest that MSM afforded neuroprotection against BPA and R; supporting its potential application in the associated neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed K Abdel-Rafei
- Radiation Biology Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Noura M Thabet
- Radiation Biology Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
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Low-dose X-ray imaging may increase the risk of neurodegenerative diseases. Med Hypotheses 2020; 142:109726. [PMID: 32361669 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The hypothesis presented here explores the possibility that X-ray imaging commonly used in dental practices may be a shared risk factor for sporadic dementias and motor-neuron diseases. As the evidence will suggest, the brain is ill-equipped to manage the intrusion of low-dose ionizing radiation (IR) beyond that which is naturally occurring. When the brain's antioxidant defenses are overwhelmed by IR, it produces an abundance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can lead to oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, loss of synaptic plasticity, altered neuronal structure and microvascular impairment that have been identified as early signs of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, vascular dementia and other diseases that progressively damage the brain and central nervous system. Although genes play a role in all outcomes, the focus here will be on the non-genetic processes at work. Common assumptions regarding the risks of low-dose IR will be addressed, such as: 1) comparing rapid, repeated bursts of man-made IR sent exclusively into the head to equivalent amounts of head-to-toe background IR over longer periods of time; 2) whether epidemiological studies that dismiss concerns regarding low-dose IR due to lack of evidence it causes cancer, heritable mutations or shortened life spans also apply to neurodegeneration; and 3) why even radiation-resistant neurons can be severely impacted by IR exposure, due to IR-induced injury to the processes they need to function. Also considered will be the difficulty of distinguishing the effects of dental X-ray exposure from similarly low amounts of background IR and where to find the evidence that they may, in fact, be responsible for neurodegeneration. Finally, the long-standing belief that whatever risks are inherent in dental radiography must be undertaken for the sake of oral health is challenged on two counts: 1) while dentists continue to drape their patients in lead-lined aprons, the most effective IR safety precautions are often ignored; and 2) there is an alternative dental imaging technology that does not use IR. While the thrust of this article will be on dental radiation and will touch on how age, gender, X-ray equipment and protocols may increase risk, chiropractic radiographs also will be considered because they focus exclusively on the central nervous system. If X-ray imaging is found to be associated with neurodegeneration, the risk-versus-benefit must be reevaluated, every means of reducing exposure implemented and imaging protocols revised.
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Collett G, Craenen K, Young W, Gilhooly M, Anderson RM. The psychological consequences of (perceived) ionizing radiation exposure: a review on its role in radiation-induced cognitive dysfunction. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 96:1104-1118. [PMID: 32716221 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1793017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Exposure to ionizing radiation following environmental contamination (e.g., the Chernobyl and Fukushima nuclear accidents), radiotherapy and diagnostics, occupational roles and space travel has been identified as a possible risk-factor for cognitive dysfunction. The deleterious effects of high doses (≥1.0 Gy) on cognitive functioning are fairly well-understood, while the consequences of low (≤0.1 Gy) and moderate doses (0.1-1.0 Gy) have been receiving more research interest over the past decade. In addition to any impact of actual exposure on cognitive functioning, the persistent psychological stress arising from perceived exposure, particularly following nuclear accidents, may itself impact cognitive functioning. In this review we offer a novel interdisciplinary stance on the cognitive impact of radiation exposure, considering psychological and epidemiological observations of different exposure scenarios such as atomic bombings, nuclear accidents, occupational and medical exposures while accounting for differences in dose, rate of exposure and exposure type. The purpose is to address the question that perceived radiation exposure - even where the actual absorbed dose is 0.0 Gy above background dose - can result in psychological stress, which could in turn lead to cognitive dysfunction. In addition, we highlight the interplay between the mechanisms of perceived exposure (i.e., stress) and actual exposure (i.e., radiation-induced cellular damage), in the generation of radiation-induced cognitive dysfunction. In all, we offer a comprehensive and objective review addressing the potential for cognitive defects in the context of low- and moderate-dose IR exposures. CONCLUSIONS Overall the evidence shows prenatal exposure to low and moderate doses to be detrimental to brain development and subsequent cognitive functioning, however the evidence for adolescent and adult low- and moderate-dose exposure remains uncertain. The persistent psychological stress following accidental exposure to low-doses in adulthood may pose a greater threat to our cognitive functioning. Indeed, the psychological implications for instructed cohorts (e.g., astronauts and radiotherapy patients) is less clear and warrants further investigation. Nonetheless, the psychosocial consequences of low- and moderate-dose exposure must be carefully considered when evaluating radiation effects on cognitive functioning, and to avoid unnecessary harm when planning public health response strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Collett
- Centre for Health Effects of Radiological and Chemical Agents, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Kai Craenen
- Centre for Health Effects of Radiological and Chemical Agents, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - William Young
- Centre for Health Effects of Radiological and Chemical Agents, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Mary Gilhooly
- Centre for Health Effects of Radiological and Chemical Agents, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Rhona M Anderson
- Centre for Health Effects of Radiological and Chemical Agents, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
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Kivisaari K, Boratyński Z, Lavrinienko A, Kesäniemi J, Lehmann P, Mappes T. The effect of chronic low-dose environmental radiation on organ mass of bank voles in the Chernobyl exclusion zone. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 96:1254-1262. [PMID: 32658635 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1793016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Animals are exposed to environmental ionizing radiation (IR) externally through proximity to contaminated soil and internally through ingestion and inhalation of radionuclides. Internal organs can respond to radioactive contamination through physiological stress. Chronic stress can compromise the size of physiologically active organs, but studies on wild mammal populations are scarce. The effects of environmental IR contamination on organ masses were studied by using a wild rodent inhabiting the Chernobyl exclusion zone (CEZ). MATERIAL AND METHODS The masses of brain, heart, kidney, spleen, liver and lung were assessed from bank voles (Myodes glareolus) captured from areas across radioactive contamination gradient within the CEZ. Relative organ masses were used to correct for the body mass of an individual. RESULTS Results showed a significant negative correlation between IR level in the environment and relative brain and kidney mass. A significant positive correlation between IR and relative heart mass was also found. Principal component analysis (PCA) also suggested positive relationship between IR and relative spleen mass; however, this relationship was not significant when spleen was analyzed separately. There was no apparent relationship between IR and relative liver or lung mass. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that in the wild populations even low but chronic doses of IR can lead to changes in relative organ mass. The novelty of these result is showing that exposure to low doses can affect the organ masses in similar fashion as previously shown on high, acute, radiation doses. These data support the hypothesis that wildlife might be more sensitive to IR than animals used in laboratory studies. However, more research is needed to rule out the other indirect effects such as radiosensitivity of the food sources or possible combined stress effects from e.g. infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kati Kivisaari
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Zbyszek Boratyński
- CIBIO/InBIO, Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Anton Lavrinienko
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Jenni Kesäniemi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Philipp Lehmann
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tapio Mappes
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
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Poletaeva II, Perepelkina OV, Nikolaev GM, Fedotova IB, Pleskacheva MG, Koshlan IV, Bogdanova YV, Koshlan NA, Pavlova GV, Revishchin AV. The Influence of Ionizing Radiation on Proneness to Audiogenic Seizure and Behavior in Krushinsky–Molodkina Rats. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350920040168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Abstract
Aggressive pituitary tumors (APTs) represent rare pituitary adenomas (PAs) with local invasion of surrounding tissues, increased risk for multiple recurrence, rapid tumor growth, or resistance to standard therapies. The most common APTs in children and adolescents are giant prolactinomas and somatotropinomas. Few cases of Crooke's cell adenomas, silent corticotroph adenomas and pituitary carcinomas have also been reported in the literature. Pediatric patients with APTs have higher risk of harboring germline genetic defects, most commonly in the MEN1 and AIP genes. Since certain genetic defects confer a more aggressive behavior to PAs, genetic testing should be considered in tumors with young onset and positive family history. The management of pediatric APTs involves usually a combination of standard therapies (surgical, medical, radiation). Newer agents, such as temozolomide, have been used in few cases of pediatric pituitary tumors with promising results. In the elderly, PAs are more commonly non-functioning. Their management often poses dilemmas given the coexistence of age-related comorbidities. However, standard surgical treatment and temozolomide seem to be safe and well tolerated in elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Tatsi
- Section on Genetics and Endocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, NIH-Clinical Research Center, Room 1-3330, MSC1103, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Constantine A Stratakis
- Section on Genetics and Endocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, NIH-Clinical Research Center, Room 1-3330, MSC1103, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Increase of mtDNA number and its mutant copies in rat brain after exposure to 150 MeV protons. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:4815-4820. [PMID: 32388700 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05491-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Proton beam therapy is widely used for treating brain tumor. Despite the efficacy of treatment, the use of this therapy has met some limitations associated with possible damage to normal brain tissues located beyond the tumor site. In this context, the exploration of the harmful effects of protons on the normal brain tissues is of particular interest. We have investigated changes in the total mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number and identified mtDNA mutant copies in three brain regions (the hippocampus, cortex and cerebellum) of rats after irradiation their whole-head with 150 MeV protons at doses of 3 and 5 Gy. The study was performed in 2-months old male Spraque Dawley rats (n = 5 each group). The mtDNA copy numbers were determined by real-time PCR. The level of mtDNA heteroplasmy was estimated using Surveyor nuclease technology. Our results show that after head exposure to protons, levels of mtDNA copy number in three rat brain regions increase significantly as the levels of mtDNA mutant copies increase. The most significant elevation is observed in the hippocampus. In conclusion, an increase in mtDNA mutant copies may contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction accompanied by increased oxidative stress in different brain regions and promote the development of neurodegenerative diseases and the induction of carcinogenesis.
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Zhang P, Cao Y, Chen S, Shao L. Combination of Vinpocetine and Dexamethasone Alleviates Cognitive Impairment in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients following Radiation Injury. Pharmacology 2020; 106:37-44. [PMID: 32294652 DOI: 10.1159/000506777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) originates in the nasopharyngeal epithelium. The most common treatments for NPC rT1-4 are radiotherapy and surgery. The pathogenesis of radiation-induced cognitive impairment is complex and includes oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuro-inflammation, and even apoptosis and cell death. Principally, toll-like receptors (TLRs) could regulate the inflammatory/anti-inflammatory balance in patients with radiation-induced brain injury. Vinpocetine has an anti-inflammatory effect as shown in both animal and in vitro studies. Also, dexamethasone is a widely used anti-inflammatory drug. Thus, it is important to test whether addition of vinpocetine could improve the anti-inflammatory properties of dexamethasone for the treatment of NPC patients with radiation-induced brain injuries. METHODS A total of 60 NPC patients with radiation-related brain injury were recruited for this study. All subjects were randomly and blindly assigned to the following groups: the dexamethasone group (D group, n = 30) and the vinpocetine and dexamethasone group (VD group, n = 30). Both medicine treatments were uninterrupted for 14 days of administration. RESULTS Combined administration of vinpocetine and dexamethasone lowered the expression levels of serum inflammatory cytokines, including TLR2, TLR4, interleukin (IL)-20, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, monocyte chemoattractant protein 2, and interferon-induced protein 20, when compared to dexamethasone monotherapy. Notably, combination therapy increased antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase) and decreased oxidants (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances). Furthermore, combination therapy significantly increased the Mini Mental State Examination score, when compared to dexamethasone monotherapy. CONCLUSION Administration of a combination of vinpocetine and dexamethasone may enhance the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects when compared to dexamethasone monotherapy, which leads to alleviated cognitive impairment in NPC patients with radiation injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Department of Geriatrics & Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yungang Cao
- Department of Geriatrics & Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Songfang Chen
- Department of Geriatrics & Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Liang Shao
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,
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Estrada H, Rebling J, Sievert W, Hladik D, Hofmann U, Gottschalk S, Tapio S, Multhoff G, Razansky D. Intravital optoacoustic and ultrasound bio-microscopy reveal radiation-inhibited skull angiogenesis. Bone 2020; 133:115251. [PMID: 31978616 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is critical in bone development and growth. Dense, large-scale, and multi-layered vascular networks formed by thin-walled sinusoidal vessels perfuse the plate bones and play an important role in bone repair. Yet, the intricate functional morphology of skull microvasculature remains poorly understood as it is difficult to visualize using existing intravital microscopy techniques. Here we introduced an intravital, fully-transcranial imaging approach based on hybrid optoacoustic and ultrasound bio-microscopy for large-scale observations and quantitative analysis of the vascular morphology, angiogenesis, vessel remodeling, and subsurface roughness in murine skulls. Our approach revealed radiation-inhibited angiogenesis in the skull bone. We also observed previously undocumented sinusoidal vascular networks spanning the entire skullcap, thus opening new vistas for studying the complex interactions between calvarial, pial, and cortical vascular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Estrada
- Faculty of Medicine and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Rebling
- Faculty of Medicine and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Sievert
- Center of Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniela Hladik
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Urs Hofmann
- Faculty of Medicine and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sven Gottschalk
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Soile Tapio
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gabriele Multhoff
- Center of Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany; Institute of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Razansky
- Faculty of Medicine and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH, Zurich, Switzerland; Center of Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Technical University of Munich, Germany; Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.
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Abdullaev S, Gubina N, Bulanova T, Gaziev A. Assessment of Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA, Expression of Mitochondria-Related Genes in Different Brain Regions in Rats after Whole-Body X-ray Irradiation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041196. [PMID: 32054039 PMCID: PMC7072726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of molecular changes occurred in various brain regions after whole-body irradiation showed a significant increase in terms of the importance in gaining insight into how to slow down or prevent the development of long-term side effects such as carcinogenesis, cognitive impairment and other pathologies. We have analyzed nDNA damage and repair, changes in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number and in the level of mtDNA heteroplasmy, and also examined changes in the expression of genes involved in the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics in three areas of the rat brain (hippocampus, cortex and cerebellum) after whole-body X-ray irradiation. Long amplicon quantitative polymerase chain reaction (LA-QPCR) was used to detect nDNA and mtDNA damage. The level of mtDNA heteroplasmy was estimated using Surveyor nuclease technology. The mtDNA copy numbers and expression levels of a number of genes were determined by real-time PCR. The results showed that the repair of nDNA damage in the rat brain regions occurs slowly within 24 h; in the hippocampus, this process runs much slower. The number of mtDNA copies in three regions of the rat brain increases with a simultaneous increase in mtDNA heteroplasmy. However, in the hippocampus, the copy number of mutant mtDNAs increases significantly by the time point of 24 h after radiation exposure. Our analysis shows that in the brain regions of irradiated rats, there is a decrease in the expression of genes (ND2, CytB, ATP5O) involved in ATP synthesis, although by the same time point after irradiation, an increase in transcripts of genes regulating mitochondrial biogenesis is observed. On the other hand, analysis of genes that control the dynamics of mitochondria (Mfn1, Fis1) revealed that sharp decrease in gene expression level occurred, only in the hippocampus. Consequently, the structural and functional characteristics of the hippocampus of rats exposed to whole-body radiation can be different, most significantly from those of the other brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serazhutdin Abdullaev
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia; (N.G.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-(4967)-739364; Fax: +7-(4967)-330553
| | - Nina Gubina
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia; (N.G.); (A.G.)
| | - Tatiana Bulanova
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, 141980 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Azhub Gaziev
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia; (N.G.); (A.G.)
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, 141980 Moscow, Russia;
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50
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Pazzaglia S, Briganti G, Mancuso M, Saran A. Neurocognitive Decline Following Radiotherapy: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010146. [PMID: 31936195 PMCID: PMC7017115 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain undergoes ionizing radiation (IR) exposure in many clinical situations, particularly during radiotherapy for malignant brain tumors. Cranial radiation therapy is related with the hazard of long-term neurocognitive decline. The detrimental ionizing radiation effects on the brain closely correlate with age at treatment, and younger age associates with harsher deficiencies. Radiation has been shown to induce damage in several cell populations of the mouse brain. Indeed, brain exposure causes a dysfunction of the neurogenic niche due to alterations in the neuronal and supporting cell progenitor signaling environment, particularly in the hippocampus—a region of the brain critical to memory and cognition. Consequent deficiencies in rates of generation of new neurons, neural differentiation and apoptotic cell death, lead to neuronal deterioration and lasting repercussions on neurocognitive functions. Besides neural stem cells, mature neural cells and glial cells are recognized IR targets. We will review the current knowledge about radiation-induced damage in stem cells of the brain and discuss potential treatment interventions and therapy methods to prevent and mitigate radiation related cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonetta Pazzaglia
- Laboratory of Biomedical Technologies, ENEA CR-Casaccia, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Briganti
- Department of Radiation Physics Guglielmo Marconi University, Via Plinio 44, 00193 Rome, Italy;
| | - Mariateresa Mancuso
- Laboratory of Biomedical Technologies, ENEA CR-Casaccia, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Anna Saran
- Laboratory of Biomedical Technologies, ENEA CR-Casaccia, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Radiation Physics Guglielmo Marconi University, Via Plinio 44, 00193 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (A.S.)
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