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Okafor E, Obada DO, Dodoo-Arhin D. Ensemble learning prediction of transmittance at different wavenumbers in natural hydroxyapatite. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2020.e00516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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2
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Effect of fabrication method on the structure and properties of a nanostructured nickel-free stainless steel. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2020.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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3
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Optimization of Sintering Parameters of 316L Stainless Steel for In-Situ Nitrogen Absorption and Surface Nitriding Using Response Surface Methodology. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8030297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This research investigates the simultaneous sintering and surface nitriding of 316L stainless steel alloy using powder metallurgy method. The influence of sintering temperature and dwell time are investigated for maximum nitrogen absorption, densification and increased microhardness using response surface methodology (RSM). In this study, 316L stainless steel powder was compacted at 800 MPa and sintered at two different temperatures of 1150 and 1200 °C with varying dwell times of 1, 3, 5 and 8 h in nitrogen atmosphere. The sintered compacts were then characterized for their microstructure, densification, microhardness and nitrogen absorption. The results revealed that increased dwell time assisted nitrogen to diffuse into stainless steel matrix along with the creation of nitride layer onto the sample surface. The microhardness and density also increased with increasing dwell time. A densification of 7.575 g/cm3 and microhardness of 235 HV were obtained for the samples sintered at 1200 °C temperature with 8 h dwell time. The simultaneous sintering and surface nitriding technique developed in this research work can help in improving corrosion resistance of this material and controlling leaching of metal ions for its potential use in biomedical applications.
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An Efficient Approach for Nitrogen Diffusion and Surface Nitriding of Boron-Titanium Modified Stainless Steel Alloy for Biomedical Applications. METALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/met9070755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Austenitic 316L stainless steel has been the most widely acceptable biomaterial for producing implants. The downside of this material includes the leaching of nickel ions from the matrix that limits its’ usage in implant manufacturing. In this research, production of stainless steel alloy modified with boron and titanium is investigated. The sintering of the alloy systems is carried out in nitrogen atmosphere for a dwell time of 8 h. The X-Ray diffraction (XRD) analysis reveals that dwell time and alloy composition leads to the formation of strong nitrides and borides. The X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) results show the presence of nitrogen on to the surface of sintered specimens. The nitride layer on the surface of the specimens is helpful in the retention of nickel ions in the stainless steel matrix, as indicated in the weight loss measurements. The cytotoxicity assessment indicates that the developed alloys are biocompatible and can be used as implant materials.
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Zhao J, Zhai Z, Sun D, Yang C, Zhang X, Huang N, Jiang X, Yang K. Antibacterial durability and biocompatibility of antibacterial-passivated 316L stainless steel in simulated physiological environment. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 100:396-410. [PMID: 30948076 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Stainless steel (SS) has been widely applied as one of the most efficient implant metal materials, although corrosion and infection in body environment are still challenging. Herein, an antibacterial passivation method was employed to enhance the antibacterial performance and corrosion resistance of the medical 316L SS. The result proved that the antibacterial-passivated 316L SS exhibited stable antibacterial activity and effectively inhibited the formation of bacterial biofilm. Electrochemical measurements combined with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy technique were used to study the corrosion resistance and semiconductor behavior of passivated 316L SS immersed in simulated physiological environment. The results indicated that the 316L SS after antibacterial passivation treatment for 1 h, soaking in the medium for 10 days, showed satisfactory corrosion resistance attributing to proper Cu deposition in the passive film. The anodic stripping voltammetry measurement further confirmed that the Cu-bearing passive film could continuously release Cu ions into medium. The zebrafish test demonstrated an excellent in vivo biocompatibility for the 316L SS with antibacterial passivation for 0.5 and 1 h, respectively. In addition, changes of surface roughness, contact angle and chemical composition after antibacterial passivation played an important role in explaining the antibacterial mechanism, which could be clearly divided into contact killing and ionic release killing. Hence, the antibacterial passivation treatment was preliminarily proved as a potential way for enhancing the persistent antibacterial activity and corrosion resistance of 316L SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Zhao
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Zhaofeng Zhai
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Da Sun
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Nursing at the Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Chunguang Yang
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Xinrui Zhang
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Nan Huang
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.
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6
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Hu L, Ngai T, Peng H, Li L, Zhou F, Peng Z. Microstructure and Properties of Porous High-N Ni-Free Austenitic Stainless Steel Fabricated by Powder Metallurgical Route. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11071058. [PMID: 29932106 PMCID: PMC6073529 DOI: 10.3390/ma11071058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Porous high-N Ni-free austenitic stainless steel was fabricated by a powder metallurgical route. The microstructure and properties of the prepared porous austenitic stainless steel were studied. Results reveal that the duplex stainless steel transforms into austenitic stainless steel after nitridation sintering for 2 h. The prepared high-N stainless steel consists of γ-Fe matrix and FCC structured CrN. Worm-shaped and granular-shaped CrN precipitates were observed in the prepared materials. The orientation relationship between CrN and austenite matrix is [011]CrN//[011]γ and (-1-11)CrN//(1-11)γ. Results show that the as-fabricated porous high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steel features a higher mechanical property than common stainless steel foam. Both compressive strength and Young’s modulus decrease with an increase in porosity. The 3D morphology of the prepared porous materials presents good pore connectivity. The prepared porous high-N Ni-free austenitic stainless steel has superior pore connectivity, a good combination of compressive strength and ductility, and low elastic modulus, which makes this porous high-N Ni-free austenitic stainless steel very attractive for metal foam applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Hu
- National Engineering Research Center of Near-Net-Shape Forming Technology for Metallic Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Tungwai Ngai
- National Engineering Research Center of Near-Net-Shape Forming Technology for Metallic Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Hanlin Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Liejun Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Near-Net-Shape Forming Technology for Metallic Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Feng Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of Near-Net-Shape Forming Technology for Metallic Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Zhengwu Peng
- National Engineering Research Center of Near-Net-Shape Forming Technology for Metallic Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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7
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Hamidi MFFA, Harun WSW, Samykano M, Ghani SAC, Ghazalli Z, Ahmad F, Sulong AB. A review of biocompatible metal injection moulding process parameters for biomedical applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 78:1263-1276. [PMID: 28575965 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Biocompatible metals have been revolutionizing the biomedical field, predominantly in human implant applications, where these metals widely used as a substitute to or as function restoration of degenerated tissues or organs. Powder metallurgy techniques, in specific the metal injection moulding (MIM) process, have been employed for the fabrication of controlled porous structures used for dental and orthopaedic surgical implants. The porous metal implant allows bony tissue ingrowth on the implant surface, thereby enhancing fixation and recovery. This paper elaborates a systematic classification of various biocompatible metals from the aspect of MIM process as used in medical industries. In this study, three biocompatible metals are reviewed-stainless steels, cobalt alloys, and titanium alloys. The applications of MIM technology in biomedicine focusing primarily on the MIM process setting parameters discussed thoroughly. This paper should be of value to investigators who are interested in state of the art of metal powder metallurgy, particularly the MIM technology for biocompatible metal implant design and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F F A Hamidi
- Institute of Postgraduate Studies, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - W S W Harun
- Green Research for Advanced Materials Laboratory, Human Engineering Group, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600 Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia.
| | - M Samykano
- Structural and Material Degradation Group, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600 Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - S A C Ghani
- Green Research for Advanced Materials Laboratory, Human Engineering Group, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600 Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Z Ghazalli
- Green Research for Advanced Materials Laboratory, Human Engineering Group, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600 Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - F Ahmad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Malaysia
| | - A B Sulong
- Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Malaysia
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Talha M, Behera CK, Sinha OP. A review on nickel-free nitrogen containing austenitic stainless steels for biomedical applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2013; 33:3563-75. [PMID: 23910251 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The field of biomaterials has become a vital area, as these materials can enhance the quality and longevity of human life. Metallic materials are often used as biomaterials to replace structural components of the human body. Stainless steels, cobalt-chromium alloys, commercially pure titanium and its alloys are typical metallic biomaterials that are being used for implant devices. Stainless steels have been widely used as biomaterials because of their very low cost as compared to other metallic materials, good mechanical and corrosion resistant properties and adequate biocompatibility. However, the adverse effects of nickel ions being released into the human body have promoted the development of "nickel-free nitrogen containing austenitic stainless steels" for medical applications. Nitrogen not only replaces nickel for austenitic structure stability but also much improves steel properties. Here we review the harmful effects associated with nickel and emphatically the advantages of nitrogen in stainless steel, as well as the development of nickel-free nitrogen containing stainless steels for medical applications. By combining the benefits of stable austenitic structure, high strength, better corrosion and wear resistance and superior biocompatibility in comparison to the currently used austenitic stainless steel (e.g. 316L), the newly developed nickel-free high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel is a reliable substitute for the conventionally used medical stainless steels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Talha
- Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Hsu HC, Hsu SK, Tsou HK, Wu SC, Lai TH, Ho WF. Fabrication and characterization of porous Ti-7.5Mo alloy scaffolds for biomedical applications. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2013; 24:645-657. [PMID: 23314686 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-012-4843-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Porous titanium and titanium alloys are promising scaffolds for bone tissue engineering, since they have the potential to provide new bone tissue ingrowth abilities and low elastic modulus to match that of natural bone. In the present study, porous Ti-7.5Mo alloy scaffolds with various porosities from 30 to 75 % were successfully prepared through a space-holder sintering method. The yield strength and elastic modulus of a Ti-7.5Mo scaffold with a porosity of 50 % are 127 MPa and 4.2 GPa, respectively, being relatively comparable to the reported mechanical properties of natural bone. In addition, the porous Ti-7.5Mo alloy exhibited improved apatite-forming abilities after pretreatment (with NaOH or NaOH + water) and subsequent immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) at 37 °C. After soaking in an SBF solution for 21 days, a dense apatite layer covered the inner and outer surfaces of the pretreated porous Ti-7.5Mo substrates, thereby providing favorable bioactive conditions for bone bonding and growth. The preliminary cell culturing result revealed that the porous Ti-7.5Mo alloy supported cell attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Chuan Hsu
- Department of Dental Technology and Materials Science, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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Guo W, Zhu J, Cheng Z, Zhang Z, Zhu X. Anticoagulant surface of 316 L stainless steel modified by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2011; 3:1675-1680. [PMID: 21528878 DOI: 10.1021/am200215x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Polished 316 L stainless steel (SS) was first treated with air plasma to enhance surface hydrophilicity and was subsequently allowed to react with 2-(4-chlorosulfonylphenyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane to introduce an atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) initiator. Accordingly, the surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization of polyethylene glycol methacrylate (PEGMA) was carried out on the surface of the modified SS. The grafting progress was monitored by water contact angle measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. The polymer thickness as a function different polymerization times was characterized using a step profiler. The anticoagulative properties of the PEGMA modified SS surface were investigated. The results showed enhanced anticoagulative to acid-citrate-dextrose (ACD) blood after grafting PEGMA on the SS surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Guo
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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Yang K, Ren Y. Nickel-free austenitic stainless steels for medical applications. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2010; 11:014105. [PMID: 27877320 PMCID: PMC5090547 DOI: 10.1088/1468-6996/11/1/014105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2009] [Revised: 02/26/2010] [Accepted: 01/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The adverse effects of nickel ions being released into the human body have prompted the development of high-nitrogen nickel-free austenitic stainless steels for medical applications. Nitrogen not only replaces nickel for austenitic structure stability but also much improves steel properties. Here we review the harmful effects associated with nickel in medical stainless steels, the advantages of nitrogen in stainless steels, and emphatically, the development of high-nitrogen nickel-free stainless steels for medical applications. By combining the benefits of stable austenitic structure, high strength and good plasticity, better corrosion and wear resistances, and superior biocompatibility compared to the currently used 316L stainless steel, the newly developed high-nitrogen nickel-free stainless steel is a reliable substitute for the conventional medical stainless steels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yang
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, People’s Republic of China
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Li Y, Xiong J, Wong CS, Hodgson PD, Wen C. Ti6Ta4Sn Alloy and Subsequent Scaffolding for Bone Tissue Engineering. Tissue Eng Part A 2009; 15:3151-9. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2009.0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuncang Li
- Institute for Technology Research and Innovation, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jianyu Xiong
- Institute for Technology Research and Innovation, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cynthia S. Wong
- Institute for Technology Research and Innovation, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter D. Hodgson
- Institute for Technology Research and Innovation, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cui'e Wen
- Institute for Technology Research and Innovation, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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In vivo osteocompatibility of lotus-type porous nickel-free stainless steel in rats. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2008.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Alvarez K, Hyun SK, Fujimoto S, Nakajima H. In vitro corrosion resistance of Lotus-type porous Ni-free stainless steels. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2008; 19:3385-97. [PMID: 18545945 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-008-3458-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2007] [Accepted: 04/16/2008] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The corrosion behavior of three kinds of austenitic high nitrogen Lotus-type porous Ni-free stainless steels was examined in acellular simulated body fluid solutions and compared with type AISI 316L stainless steel. The corrosion resistance was evaluated by electrochemical techniques, the analysis of released metal ions was performed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and the cytotoxicity was investigated in a culture of murine osteoblasts cells. Total immunity to localized corrosion in simulated body fluid (SBF) solutions was exhibited by Lotus-type porous Ni-free stainless steels, while Lotus-type porous AISI 316L showed very low pitting corrosion resistance evidenced by pitting corrosion at a very low breakdown potential. Additionally, Lotus-type porous Ni-free stainless steels showed a quite low metal ion release in SBF solutions. Furthermore, cell culture studies showed that the fabricated materials were non-cytotoxic to mouse osteoblasts cell line. On the basis of these results, it can be concluded that the investigated alloys are biocompatible and corrosion resistant and a promising material for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Alvarez
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
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