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Liu T, Yang G, Li T, Wang Q, Liu H, He F. Preparation of Ag@3D-TiO 2 Scaffolds and Determination of its Antimicrobial Properties and Osteogenesis-promoting Ability. Orthop Surg 2024; 16:1445-1460. [PMID: 38706035 PMCID: PMC11144495 DOI: 10.1111/os.14081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The micro-nano structure of 3D-printed porous titanium (Ti) alloy with excellent performance in avoiding stress shielding and promoting bone tissue differentiation provides a new opportunity for the development of bone implants, but it necessitates higher requirements for bone tissue differentiation and the antibacterial properties of bone implants in clinical practice. METHODS This study investigated the preparation, antimicrobial properties, and osteogenesis-promoting ability of the 3D printed porous Ti alloy anodic oxidized Ag-carrying (Ag@3D-TiO2) scaffolds. The 3D printed porous Ti alloy (3D-Ti), anodized 3D printed porous Ti alloy (3D-TiO2), and Ag@3D-TiO2 scaffolds were synthesized using electron beam melting. The antimicrobial properties of the scaffolds were examined using antibacterial tests and their cytocompatibility was assessed using a cell proliferation assay and acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining. In vitro cellular assays were used to investigate the effects of the scaffold microstructural features on cell activity, proliferation, and osteogenesis-related genes and proteins. In vivo animal experiments were used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and osteogenesis-promoting abilities of the scaffolds. RESULTS The Ag@3D-TiO2 scaffolds exhibited sustained anti-microbial activity over time, enhanced cell proliferation, facilitated osteogenic differentiation, and increased extracellular matrix mineralization. In addition, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), collagen type I (COL-I), and osteocalcin (OCN)-related genes and proteins were upregulated. In vivo animal implantation experiments, the anti-inflammatory effect of the Ag@3D-TiO2 scaffolds were observed using histology, and a large amount of fibrous connective tissue was present around it; the Ag@3D-TiO2 scaffolds were more bio-compatible with the surrounding tissues compared with 3D-Ti and 3D-TiO2; a large amount of uniformly distributed neoplastic bone tissue existed in their pores, and the chronic systemic toxicity test showed that the 3D-Ti, 3D-TiO2, and Ag@3D-TiO2 scaffolds are biologically safe. CONCLUSION The goal of this study was to create a scaffold that exhibits antimicrobial properties and can aid bone growth, making it highly suitable for use in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiansheng Liu
- Department of OrthopaedicsTianjin Hospital, Tianjin UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Guijun Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Training and Sports MedicineCharacteristic Medical Center of Chinese People's Armed Police ForceTianjinChina
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Training and Sports MedicineCharacteristic Medical Center of Chinese People's Armed Police ForceTianjinChina
| | - Houjiang Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Fang He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin UniversityTianjinChina
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Wang L, Zeng X, Yan G, Chen X, Luo K, Zhou S, Zhang P, Li J, Wong TW. Biomimetic scaffolds with programmable pore structures for minimum invasive bone repair. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:16680-16689. [PMID: 34590639 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr04124j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Due to the complexity of surgery for large-area bone injuries, implanting a large volume of materials into the injury site remains a big challenge in orthopedics. To solve this difficulty, in this study, a series of biomimetic hydroxyapatite/shape-memory composite scaffolds were designed and synthesized with programmable pore structures, based on poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), polytetrahydrofuran (PTMG) and the osteoconductive hydroxyapatite (HA). The obtained scaffolds presented various pore structures, high connectivity, tunable mechanical properties, and excellent shape memory performance. Moreover, the mineralization activity of the developed scaffolds could enhance the formation of hydroxyapatite and they showed good biocompatibility in vitro. The in vivo experiments show that scaffolds could promote the formation of new bone in critical size cranial defects. The programmable porous scaffold biomaterials exhibited potential application promise in bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- College of Materials, Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, P. R. China.
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Xiyang Zeng
- College of Materials, Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, P. R. China.
| | - Guilong Yan
- College of Materials, Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaohu Chen
- College of Materials, Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, P. R. China.
| | - Kun Luo
- College of Materials, Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, P. R. China.
| | - Shiyi Zhou
- College of Materials, Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, P. R. China.
| | - Peicong Zhang
- College of Materials, Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, P. R. China.
| | - Junfeng Li
- College of Materials, Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, P. R. China.
| | - Tuck-Whye Wong
- Advanced Membrane Technology Centre, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor 81310, Malaysia
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Yokoi Y. Osteoblast-like Cell Proliferation, ALP Activity and Photocatalytic Activity on Sintered Anatase and Rutile Titanium Dioxide. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:4414. [PMID: 34442936 PMCID: PMC8401773 DOI: 10.3390/ma14164414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to create a biomaterial from titanium dioxide (TiO2), which has been known to have photocatalytic and bone formation promoting effects. I expected that anatase titanium dioxide-based implants could promote bone augmentation and induce bone formation. Powdery anatase TiO2 was compression molded and sintered at 700, 800, 900, and 1000 °C to prepare sintered compact samples. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used to observe the surface of these samples. Furthermore, mouse osteoblast-like cells (MC3T3-E1 cell line) were seeded on the samples sintered at different temperatures, and cell proliferation was observed to evaluate the cell proliferation of the samples. The sample sintered at 700 °C was composed of anatase TiO2. The samples sintered at 800 °C and 900 °C were confirmed to consist of a mixture of anatase and rutile TiO2 crystalline phases. Moreover, the sample sintered at 700 and 800 °C, which contained anatase TiO2, showed remarkable photocatalytic activity. Those samples sintered at 1000 °C were transformed to the rutile TiO2. The cell proliferation after 7-14-days culturing revealed that cells cultured on the 700 °C sample decreased in number immediately after initiation of culturing. The cells cultured on TiO2 sintered at 900 °C markedly proliferated over time with an increase in the alkaline phosphatase activity, showing good MC3T3-E1 cell compatibility of the samples. The sample sintered at 1000 °C, which is rutile TiO2, showed the highest increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Yokoi
- Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Hiro-Oka Gobara, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0781, Japan
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Pietraszek A, Ledwójcik G, Lewandowska-Łańcucka J, Horak W, Lach R, Łatkiewicz A, Karewicz A. Bioactive hydrogel scaffolds reinforced with alkaline-phosphatase containing halloysite nanotubes for bone repair applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:1187-1195. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Luan H, Yu Z, Li J, Bi J, Mo Z, Ren W, Li Z. Effects of different concentrations of TiAl6V4 particles on MC3T3-E1 cells and bone in rats. MEDICINE IN NOVEL TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medntd.2020.100044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Effect of particle size and sintering time on the mechanical properties of porous Ti–6Al–4V implant. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-2637-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Effects of alloying elements and annealing treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Nb-Ta-Ti alloys fabricated by partial diffusion for biomedical applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 110:110542. [PMID: 32204053 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Powder metallurgical (PM) Nb-25Ta-xTi alloys (x = 5, 15, 25, 35 at.%) were fabricated by the elemental powder sintering technology. Effects of alloying elements and annealing treatment on the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties were investigated by conducting various tests, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron probe microanalyses (EPMA), electron back scattered diffraction detector (EBSD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and tensile tests. The results indicated that the alloys showed a unique Nb-rich and Ta-rich dual structure due to the insufficient diffusion between powders. With the increase of Ti content, the β phase was always retained and the alloys exhibited a relatively high density in the range of 82.4% to 90.5%. Furthermore, owing to a higher diffusion coefficient of Ti and the strengthening effect of solid solution, the volume shrinkage and tensile strength both increased along with the increase of Ti content. After the annealing treatment was introduced, the microstructure became more homogeneous and fine equiaxed grains appeared, which induced a decrease in modulus and better ductility. The Nb-25Ta-25Ti alloys exhibited a good in vitro biocompatibility due to the chemical components and the introduce of surface pores. The PM Nb-Ta-Ti alloys were promising for biomedical applications in tissue engineering after evaluated both mechanical properties and in vitro biocompatibility.
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Cengiz IF, Oliveira JM, Reis RL. Micro-CT - a digital 3D microstructural voyage into scaffolds: a systematic review of the reported methods and results. Biomater Res 2018; 22:26. [PMID: 30275969 PMCID: PMC6158835 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-018-0136-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell behavior is the key to tissue regeneration. Given the fact that most of the cells used in tissue engineering are anchorage-dependent, their behavior including adhesion, growth, migration, matrix synthesis, and differentiation is related to the design of the scaffolds. Thus, characterization of the scaffolds is highly required. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) provides a powerful platform to analyze, visualize, and explore any portion of interest in the scaffold in a 3D fashion without cutting or destroying it with the benefit of almost no sample preparation need. MAIN BODY This review highlights the relationship between the scaffold microstructure and cell behavior, and provides the basics of the micro-CT method. In this work, we also analyzed the original papers that were published in 2016 through a systematic search to address the need for specific improvements in the methods section of the papers including the amount of provided information from the obtained results. CONCLUSION Micro-CT offers a unique microstructural analysis of biomaterials, notwithstanding the associated challenges and limitations. Future studies that will include micro-CT characterization of scaffolds should report the important details of the method, and the derived quantitative and qualitative information can be maximized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Fatih Cengiz
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s – PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Joaquim Miguel Oliveira
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s – PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s – PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
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Yang B, Yin J, Chen Y, Pan S, Yao H, Gao Y, Shi J. 2D-Black-Phosphorus-Reinforced 3D-Printed Scaffolds:A Stepwise Countermeasure for Osteosarcoma. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:1705611. [PMID: 29333689 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201705611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
With the ever-deeper understanding of nano-bio interactions and the development of fabrication methodologies of nanomaterials, various therapeutic platforms based on nanomaterials have been developed for next-generation oncological applications, such as osteosarcoma therapy. In this work, a black phosphorus (BP) reinforced 3D-printed scaffold is designed and prepared to provide a feasible countermeasure for the efficient localized treatment of osteosarcoma. The in situ phosphorus-driven, calcium-extracted biomineralization of the intra-scaffold BP nanosheets enables both photothermal ablation of osteosarcoma and the subsequent material-guided bone regeneration in physiological microenvironment, and in the meantime endows the scaffolds with unique physicochemical properties favoring the whole stepwise therapeutic process. Additionally, a corrugated structure analogous to Haversian canals is found on newborn cranial bone tissue of Sprague-Dawley rats, which may provide much inspiration for the future research of bone-tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Junhui Yin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - Heliang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - Youshui Gao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China
| | - Jianlin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
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Li Y, Xiao Y, Liu C. The Horizon of Materiobiology: A Perspective on Material-Guided Cell Behaviors and Tissue Engineering. Chem Rev 2017; 117:4376-4421. [PMID: 28221776 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although the biological functions of cell and tissue can be regulated by biochemical factors (e.g., growth factors, hormones), the biophysical effects of materials on the regulation of biological activity are receiving more attention. In this Review, we systematically summarize the recent progress on how biomaterials with controllable properties (e.g., compositional/degradable dynamics, mechanical properties, 2D topography, and 3D geometry) can regulate cell behaviors (e.g., cell adhesion, spreading, proliferation, cell alignment, and the differentiation or self-maintenance of stem cells) and tissue/organ functions. How the biophysical features of materials influence tissue/organ regeneration have been elucidated. Current challenges and a perspective on the development of novel materials that can modulate specific biological functions are discussed. The interdependent relationship between biomaterials and biology leads us to propose the concept of "materiobiology", which is a scientific discipline that studies the biological effects of the properties of biomaterials on biological functions at cell, tissue, organ, and the whole organism levels. This Review highlights that it is more important to develop ECM-mimicking biomaterials having a self-regenerative capacity to stimulate tissue regeneration, instead of attempting to recreate the complexity of living tissues or tissue constructs ex vivo. The principles of materiobiology may benefit the development of novel biomaterials providing combinative bioactive cues to activate the migration of stem cells from endogenous reservoirs (i.e., cell niches), stimulate robust and scalable self-healing mechanisms, and unlock the body's innate powers of regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Li
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology , Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Xiao
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology , Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia
| | - Changsheng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology , Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
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Yokoi Y, Uozumi T, Matsuda S, Imanishi T, Toriya J, Shoumura M, Okafuji N, Osuga N. Proliferation and Alkaline Phosphatase Activity of Osteoblast-like Cells on the Sintered Rutile Titanium Dioxide. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2017. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.26.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Yokoi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University School of Dentistry
- Department of Oral Health Promotion, Matsumoto Dental University Graduate School of Oral Medicine
| | - Tomoko Uozumi
- Department of Hard Tissue Research, Matsumoto Dental University Graduate School of Oral Medicine
| | - Saeka Matsuda
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University School of Dentistry
- Department of Hard Tissue Research, Matsumoto Dental University Graduate School of Oral Medicine
| | - Tohru Imanishi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University School of Dentistry
| | - Jin Toriya
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University School of Dentistry
| | - Masahito Shoumura
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University School of Dentistry
- Department of Oral Health Promotion, Matsumoto Dental University Graduate School of Oral Medicine
| | - Norimasa Okafuji
- Department of Hard Tissue Research, Matsumoto Dental University Graduate School of Oral Medicine
| | - Naoto Osuga
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University School of Dentistry
- Department of Oral Health Promotion, Matsumoto Dental University Graduate School of Oral Medicine
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Liu Y, Li K, Wu H, Song M, Wang W, Li N, Tang H. Synthesis of Ti–Ta alloys with dual structure by incomplete diffusion between elemental powders. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2015; 51:302-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Influence of Different Three-Dimensional Open Porous Titanium Scaffold Designs on Human Osteoblasts Behavior in Static and Dynamic Cell Investigations. MATERIALS 2015; 8:5490-5507. [PMID: 28793519 PMCID: PMC5455497 DOI: 10.3390/ma8085259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the treatment of osseous defects micro-structured three-dimensional materials for bone replacement serve as leading structure for cell migration, proliferation and bone formation. The scaffold design and culture conditions are crucial for the limited diffusion distance of nutrients and oxygen. In static culture, decreased cell activity and irregular distribution occur within the scaffold. Dynamic conditions entail physical stimulation and constant medium perfusion imitating physiological nutrient supply and metabolite disposal. Therefore, we investigated the influence of different scaffold configurations and cultivation methods on human osteoblasts. Cells were seeded on three-dimensional porous Ti-6Al-4V scaffolds manufactured with selective laser melting (SLM) or electron beam melting (EBM) varying in porosity, pore size and basic structure (cubic, diagonal, pyramidal) and cultured under static and dynamic conditions. Cell viability, migration and matrix production were examined via mitochondrial activity assay, fluorescence staining and ELISA. All scaffolds showed an increasing cell activity and matrix production under static conditions over time. Expectations about the dynamic culture were only partially fulfilled, since it enabled proliferation alike the static one and enhanced cell migration. Overall, the SLM manufactured scaffold with the highest porosity, small pore size and pyramidal basic structure proved to be the most suitable structure for cell proliferation and migration.
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Kalantari SM, Arabi H, Mirdamadi S, Mirsalehi SA. Biocompatibility and compressive properties of Ti-6Al-4V scaffolds having Mg element. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2015; 48:183-191. [PMID: 25955560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Porous scaffolds of Ti-6Al-4V were produced by mixing of this alloy with different amount of magnesium (Mg) powders. The mixtures were compacted in steel die by applying uniaxial pressure of 500 MPa before sintering the compacts in sealed quartz tubes at 900 °C for 2 h. Employing Archimedes׳ principle and Image Tool software, the total and open volume percentages of porosities within the scaffolds were found to be in the range of 47-64% and 41-47%, respectively. XRD results of titanium before and after sintering showed that no contamination, neither oxides nor nitrides formed during processes. Compressive properties of the scaffolds were studied using an Instron machine. The observed compressive strength and Young׳s module of the scaffolds were in the range of 72-132 MPa, and 37-47 GPa, respectively. Cell attachment and proliferation rate of MG-63 on porous samples were investigated. The results showed that proliferation rate increased with increasing Mg content. However no clear differences were observed between samples regarding cell attachment, so that bridges were observed in all cell gaps within the scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammad Kalantari
- Composite Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Narmak, Tehran, 16846-13114, Iran.
| | - Hossein Arabi
- Center of Excellence for High Strength Alloys Technology (CEHSAT), School of Materials Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Narmak, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shamsodin Mirdamadi
- Center of Excellence for High Strength Alloys Technology (CEHSAT), School of Materials Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Narmak, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Mirsalehi
- Composite Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Narmak, Tehran, 16846-13114, Iran
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Fabrication of Metallic Biomedical Scaffolds with the Space Holder Method: A Review. MATERIALS 2014; 7:3588-3622. [PMID: 28788638 PMCID: PMC5453213 DOI: 10.3390/ma7053588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering has been increasingly studied as an alternative approach to bone defect reconstruction. In this approach, new bone cells are stimulated to grow and heal the defect with the aid of a scaffold that serves as a medium for bone cell formation and growth. Scaffolds made of metallic materials have preferably been chosen for bone tissue engineering applications where load-bearing capacities are required, considering the superior mechanical properties possessed by this type of materials to those of polymeric and ceramic materials. The space holder method has been recognized as one of the viable methods for the fabrication of metallic biomedical scaffolds. In this method, temporary powder particles, namely space holder, are devised as a pore former for scaffolds. In general, the whole scaffold fabrication process with the space holder method can be divided into four main steps: (i) mixing of metal matrix powder and space-holding particles; (ii) compaction of granular materials; (iii) removal of space-holding particles; (iv) sintering of porous scaffold preform. In this review, detailed procedures in each of these steps are presented. Technical challenges encountered during scaffold fabrication with this specific method are addressed. In conclusion, strategies are yet to be developed to address problematic issues raised, such as powder segregation, pore inhomogeneity, distortion of pore sizes and shape, uncontrolled shrinkage and contamination.
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Ylä-Soininmäki A, Moritz N, Turco G, Paoletti S, Aro HT. Quantitative characterization of porous commercial and experimental bone graft substitutes with microcomputed tomography. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2013; 101:1538-48. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.32975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Ylä-Soininmäki
- Orthopaedic Research Unit; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology; University of Turku; Turku Finland
| | - Niko Moritz
- Orthopaedic Research Unit; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology; University of Turku; Turku Finland
- Turku Centre for Clinical Biomaterials-TCBC; Institute of Dentistry; University of Turku; Turku Finland
| | - Gianluca Turco
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Trieste; Trieste Italy
| | - Sergio Paoletti
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Trieste; Trieste Italy
| | - Hannu T. Aro
- Orthopaedic Research Unit; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology; University of Turku; Turku Finland
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Kato K, Ochiai S, Yamamoto A, Daigo Y, Honma K, Matano S, Omori K. Novel multilayer Ti foam with cortical bone strength and cytocompatibility. Acta Biomater 2013. [PMID: 23201016 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The major functions required for load-bearing orthopaedic implants are load-bearing and mechanical or biological fixation with the surrounding bone. Porous materials with appropriate mechanical properties and adequate pore structure for fixation are promising candidates for load-bearing implant material. In previous work, the authors developed a novel titanium (Ti) foam sheet 1-2mm thick by an original slurry foaming method. In the present work, novel Ti foam is developed with mechanical properties compatible with cortical bone and biological fixation capabilities by layer-by-layer stacking of different foam sheets with volumetric porosities of 80% and 17%. The resulting multilayer Ti foam exhibited a Young's modulus of 11-12GPa and yield strength of 150-240MPa in compression tests. In vitro cell culture on the sample revealed good cell penetration in the higher-porosity foam (80% volumetric porosity), which reached 1.2mm for 21 days of incubation. Cell penetration into the high-porosity layers of a multilayer sample was good and not influenced by the lower-porosity layers. Calcification was also observed in the high-porosity foam, suggesting that this Ti foam does not inhibit bone formation. Contradictory requirements for high volumetric porosity and high strength were attained by role-sharing between the foam sheets of different porosities. The unique characteristics of the present multilayer Ti foam make them attractive for application in the field of orthopaedics.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kato
- Mitsubishi Material Corp., 1-297 Kitabukuro-cho, Omiya-ku, Saitama 330-8508, Japan.
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