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Bąk A, Mikuła J, Oliinyk I, Łach M. Basic research on layered geopolymer composites with insulating materials of natural origin. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12576. [PMID: 38822098 PMCID: PMC11143232 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63442-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
New restrictions on carbon dioxide emissions and electricity consumption are currently being introduced around the world. Innovative solutions are being adopted in many countries to reduce CO2 emissions and material and energy consumption. The present work is related to the study of innovative binders based on geopolymers for the production of layered building envelopes. The binders are reinforced with composite bars and containing fibers of natural origin. The natural materials used to produce the samples are completely biodegradable. A 10-mol sodium hydroxide solution with an aqueous solution of sodium silicate was used for alkaline activation of geopolymers. The purpose of the study was to compare and determine the insulating properties of natural fiber-based materials such as coconut mat, jute felt, hemp felt, flax felt, flax wool, hemp wool, flax-jute wool, and to determine the effect of these materials on geopolymer composites, in which 4 layers of natural insulating materials were used, and the composites were reinforced by fiberglass bars. The publication presents the results of physicochemical studies of geopolymerization precursors and natural insulating materials, studies of thermal properties of fibers, mats, felts and wools, morphology of fiber structure and texture, as well as physical and thermal properties of finished multi-layer partitions. The results indicate the great potential of these materials in prefabrication and structural-insulation applications. The fabricated composites using 4 layers of natural fibers showed improved thermal conductivity by as much as 40% (reduced thermal conductivity from 1.36 W/m × K to about 0.8 W/m × K). The work may have future applications in energy-saving and low-carbon construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Bąk
- Faculty of Material Engineering and Physics, Chair of Material Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, Jana Pawła II 37, 31-864, Cracow, Poland.
| | - Janusz Mikuła
- Faculty of Material Engineering and Physics, Chair of Material Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, Jana Pawła II 37, 31-864, Cracow, Poland
| | - Inna Oliinyk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pryazovsky State Technical University, Mariupol, Ukraine
| | - Michał Łach
- Faculty of Material Engineering and Physics, Chair of Material Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, Jana Pawła II 37, 31-864, Cracow, Poland
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Rennert M, Hiller BT. Influence of Coffee Variety and Processing on the Properties of Parchments as Functional Bioadditives for Biobased Poly( butylene succinate) Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2985. [PMID: 37514375 PMCID: PMC10386071 DOI: 10.3390/polym15142985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Fermented polymers like biobased poly(butylene succinate) (BioPBS) have become more relevant as technical substitutes for ductile petrochemical-based polymers but require biogenic functional additives to deaccelerate undesired thermo-oxidative degradation and keep a fully biobased character. In this paper, the influence of coffee parchment (PMT) from two different varieties and processings on the thermo-oxidative stabilization and mechanical properties of poly(butylene succinate) composites up to 20 wt.-% PMT were investigated. Micronized with a TurboRotor mill, both PMT powders differ in particle size and shape, moisture ab- and adsorption behavior and antioxidative properties. It could be shown that pulped-natural PMT consists partially of coffee cherry residues, which leads to a higher total polyphenol content and water activity. The homogeneous PMT from fully washed processing has a higher thermal degradation resistance but consists of fibers with larger diameters. Compounded with the BioPBS and subsequent injection molded, the fully washed PMT leads to higher stiffness and equal tensile strength but lower toughness compared to the pulped-natural PMT, especially at lower deformation speed. Surprisingly, the fully washed PMT showed a higher stability against thermo-oxidative decomposition despite the lower values in the total phenol content and antioxidative activity. The required antioxidative stabilizers might be extracted at higher temperatures from the PMT fibers, making it a suitable biogenic stabilizer for extrusion processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Rennert
- Institute for Circular Economy of Bio:Polymers at Hof University (ibp), Hof University of Applied Sciences, 95028 Hof, Germany
| | - Benedikt T Hiller
- Institute for Circular Economy of Bio:Polymers at Hof University (ibp), Hof University of Applied Sciences, 95028 Hof, Germany
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Pal AK, Misra M, Mohanty AK. Silane treated starch dispersed PBAT/PHBV-based composites: Improved barrier performance for single-use plastic alternatives. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 229:1009-1022. [PMID: 36549624 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to include 5 wt% silane-treated starch (S-t-Starch) into biodegradable flexible poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT)/poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) blend matrix, which can facilitate superior barrier and balanced mechanical properties. With the intension of improving compatibilization between matrix and filler, starch (biological macromolecule) was efficiently treated with 15 wt% of 3-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxy silane (GPTMS), a coupling agent. Various analyses such as barrier, mechanical, thermal, surface morphology and rheological were performed using cast extruded PBAT/PHBV-based composite films. Comprehensive characterizations suggested that cast extruded PBAT/PHBV with 5 wt% S-t-Starch composites exhibited 91 and 82 % improvement in oxygen and water vapor barrier, respectively, compared to PBAT film. The increment in % crystallinity (as supported by DSC analysis) of PBAT/PHBV/5%S-t-Starch composite due to the silane component was one of the reasons for barrier improvement. The other reason was the improved interfacial adhesion between matrix and S-t-Starch particles (as supported by SEM analysis), which restricted the mobility of the polymer chains. The elongation at break (%EB) of the cast extruded PBAT/PHBV/5%Starch film was slightly improved from 536 to 542 % after silane treatment. Hence, the developed polymer composite in this research work can contribute to flexible packaging applications that require improved barrier properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhilesh Kumar Pal
- Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Manjusri Misra
- Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada; School of Engineering, Thornbrough Building, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Amar K Mohanty
- Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada; School of Engineering, Thornbrough Building, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Lv C, Liu J. Alkaline Degradation of Plant Fiber Reinforcements in Geopolymer: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:1868. [PMID: 36838855 PMCID: PMC9963550 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant fibers (PFs), such as hemp, Coir, and straw, are abundant in resources, low in price, light weight, biodegradable, have good adhesion to the matrix, and have a broad prospect as reinforcements. However, the degradation of PFs in the alkaline matrix is one of the main factors that affects the durability of these composites. PFs have good compatibility with cement and the geopolymer matrix. They can induce gel growth of cement-based materials and have a good toughening effect. The water absorption of the hollow structure of the PF can accelerate the degradation of the fiber on the one hand and serve as the inner curing fiber for the continuous hydration of the base material on the other. PF is easily deteriorated in the alkaline matrix, which has a negative effect on composites. The classification and properties of PFs, the bonding mechanism of the interface between PF reinforcements and the matrix, the water absorption of PF, and its compatibility with the matrix were summarized. The degradation of PFs in the alkaline matrix and solution, drying and wetting cycle conditions, and high-temperature conditions were reviewed. Finally, some paths to improve the alkaline degradation of PF reinforcement in the alkaline matrix were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Lv
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Jie Liu
- College of Light Industry and Textile, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China
- Engineering Research Center for Hemp and Product in Cold Region of Ministry of Education, Qiqihar 161006, China
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Hasan KMF, Horváth PG, Kóczán Z, Le DHA, Bak M, Bejó L, Alpár T. Novel insulation panels development from multilayered coir short and long fiber reinforced phenol formaldehyde polymeric biocomposites. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02818-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThis study investigated about the developments of insulation panels from multilayered coir long and short fiber reinforced phenol formaldehyde polymeric (PF) resin. The lengths of coir long fibers (CLF) were within 3 mm, whereas the short fibers (CSF) ranged from 0.1 mm to 1.25 mm. Four composite panels of 360, 680, 800, and 1000 kg/m3 densities were developed by employing hot pressing technology. The thermal conductivity, microstructural, mechanical, and physical properties of the composite panels were investigated. Perceived thermal conductivity values ranged within 0.046280 (0.000494) to 0.062400 (0.001146) Wm‒1 k‒1of the composites demonstrating superior insulation properties. Moreover, the current study also found that mechanical and thermal properties showed improvement with the increase of density. Low-density fiberboards had the lowest performances compared to high-density composite panels, with the exception of the 1000 kg/m3 density, in which fiber agglomeration occurred. Furthermore, all the developed composite panels display superior potentiality for use as effective insulation materials. The FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) analysis also shows an efficient bonding between the cellulosic coir materials and PF resin. The overall characteristics of the composite panels, especially medium fiberboard, show prominent potential for industrial production units by fulfilling the consumer requirements.
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The Influence of Chosen Plant Fillers in PHBV Composites on the Processing Conditions, Mechanical Properties and Quality of Molded Pieces. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13223934. [PMID: 34833232 PMCID: PMC8625057 DOI: 10.3390/polym13223934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This work is inspired by the current European policies that aim to reduce plastic waste. This is especially true of the packaging industry. The biocomposites developed in the work belong to the group of environmentally friendly plastics that can reduce the increasing costs of environmental fees in the future. Three types of short fibers (flax, hemp and wood) with a length of 1 mm each were selected as fillers (30% mass content in PHBV). The biocomposites were extruded and then processed by the injection molding process with the same technical parameters. The samples obtained in this way were tested for mechanical properties and quality of the molded pieces. A significant improvement of some mechanical properties of biocomposites containing hemp and flax fibers and quality of molded pieces was obtained in comparison with pure PHBV. Only in the case of wood–PHBV biocomposites was no significant improvement of properties obtained compared to biocomposites with other fillers used in this research. The use of natural fibers, in particular hemp fibers as a filler in the PHBV matrix, in most cases has a positive effect on improving the mechanical properties and quality of molded pieces. In addition, it should be remembered that the obtained biocomposites are of natural origin and are fully biodegradable, which are interesting and desirable properties that are a part of the current trend regarding the production and commercialization of modern biomaterials.
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Influence of the Alkali Treatment of Flax and Hemp Fibers on the Properties of PHBV Based Biocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13121965. [PMID: 34198616 PMCID: PMC8232267 DOI: 10.3390/polym13121965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the impact of alkali treatment of hemp and flax fibers on mechanical properties (determined by means of the uniaxial tensile test, impact tensile strength test and hardness test), processing properties (the course of the extrusion and injection process) and usable properties (shrinkage of molded pieces, degree of water absorption) of biocomposites on the base of poly (3-hydroxybutyric-co-3-hydroxyvaleric acid) (PHBV) biopolymer. For this purpose, 1 mm of length flax and hemp fibers was surface-modified by means of aqueous solution of NaOH (sodium hydroxide) with concentrations of 2%, 5% and 10%. The composites were made using the extrusion technology. The test specimens were produced by injection molding technology. In total, eight types of biocomposites with modified and non-modified fibers were produced, and each biocomposite contained the same filler content (15 wt.%). Their properties were compared in some cases with pure PHBV polymer. In the case of biocomposites filled with hemp fibers, it was noted that an increase of the alkalizing solution concentration improved most of the tested properties of the obtained biocomposites. On the other hand, in the case of flax fibers, there was a significant decrease in most of the mechanical properties tested for the composite containing fibers etched by 10% NaOH solution. The obtained results were verified by examining fibers and the destroyed specimens with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an optical microscope, which confirmed, especially, the significant geometry changes of the flax fibers etched by 10% NaOH solution. This procedure also resulted in a significant change of processing properties—a composite of this fiber type required about 20 °C lower temperature during the extrusion and injection molding process in order to obtain the right product. These results lead to the important conclusion that for each filler of the plant-origin and polymer matrix, the fiber alkalization method should be selected individually in order to improve the specific properties of biocomposites.
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Hasan KMF, Horváth PG, Bak M, Alpár T. A state-of-the-art review on coir fiber-reinforced biocomposites. RSC Adv 2021; 11:10548-10571. [PMID: 35423548 PMCID: PMC8695778 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00231g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The coconut (Cocos nucifera) fruits are extensively grown in tropical countries. The use of coconut husk-derived coir fiber-reinforced biocomposites is on the rise nowadays due to the constantly increasing demand for sustainable, renewable, biodegradable, and recyclable materials. Generally, the coconut husk and shells are disposed of as waste materials; however, they can be utilized as prominent raw materials for environment-friendly biocomposite production. Coir fibers are strong and stiff, which are prerequisites for coir fiber-reinforced biocomposite materials. However, as a bio-based material, the produced biocomposites have various performance characteristics because of the inhomogeneous coir material characteristics. Coir materials are reinforced with different thermoplastic, thermosetting, and cement-based materials to produce biocomposites. Coir fiber-reinforced composites provide superior mechanical, thermal, and physical properties, which make them outstanding materials as compared to synthetic fiber-reinforced composites. However, the mechanical performances of coconut fiber-reinforced composites could be enhanced by pretreating the surfaces of coir fiber. This review provides an overview of coir fiber and the associated composites along with their feasible fabrication methods and surface treatments in terms of their morphological, thermal, mechanical, and physical properties. Furthermore, this study facilitates the industrial production of coir fiber-reinforced biocomposites through the efficient utilization of coir husk-generated fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Faridul Hasan
- Simonyi Károly Faculty of Engineering, University of Sopron Sopron Hungary
| | | | - Miklós Bak
- Simonyi Károly Faculty of Engineering, University of Sopron Sopron Hungary
| | - Tibor Alpár
- Simonyi Károly Faculty of Engineering, University of Sopron Sopron Hungary
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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Property evaluations of coir fibres for use as reinforcement in composites. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-021-04283-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe density, tensile properties at different gauge lengths, Weibull modulus, and water absorption at elevated temperatures of coir fibres of Sri Lanka are presented. The tensile strength and stiffness of these fibres were found to decrease by 51.0 and 68.0% respectively as the gauge length of the coir fibres increased from 20 to 100 mm at a constant cross-head displacement rate of 1 mm/minute. The elongation at break of these fibres increased from 33.3 to 62.5% as the gauge length increased from 20 to 100 mm. The porosity of the fibres is in the range of 32.9–48.1% with an average pore count of 130–475 and average cell diameter of 6.8–13.7 µm within the studied diameter range of 0.162–0.313 mm. The porosity of coir fibres was found to increase as the diameter increased. TGA and scanning electron microscopy of failed samples were conducted to analyse the failure modes and to observe the trend in changes in the mechanical properties.
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Musioł M, Jurczyk S, Sobota M, Klim M, Sikorska W, Zięba M, Janeczek H, Rydz J, Kurcok P, Johnston B, Radecka I. (Bio)Degradable Polymeric Materials for Sustainable Future-Part 3: Degradation Studies of the PHA/Wood Flour-Based Composites and Preliminary Tests of Antimicrobial Activity. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13092200. [PMID: 32403315 PMCID: PMC7254317 DOI: 10.3390/ma13092200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The need for a cost reduction of the materials derived from (bio)degradable polymers forces research development into the formation of biocomposites with cheaper fillers. As additives can be made using the post-consumer wood, generated during wood products processing, re-use of recycled waste materials in the production of biocomposites can be an environmentally friendly way to minimalize and/or utilize the amount of the solid waste. Also, bioactive materials, which possess small amounts of antimicrobial additives belong to a very attractive packaging industry solution. This paper presents a study into the biodegradation, under laboratory composting conditions, of the composites that consist of poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate)] and wood flour as a polymer matrix and natural filler, respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy were used to evaluate the degradation progress of the obtained composites with different amounts of wood flour. The degradation products were characterized by multistage electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Also, preliminary tests of the antimicrobial activity of selected materials with the addition of nisin were performed. The obtained results suggest that the different amount of filler has a significant influence on the degradation profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Musioł
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34. M. Curie-Sklodowska St., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (M.S.); (M.K.); (W.S.); (M.Z.); (H.J.); (J.R.); (P.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-322-716-077
| | - Sebastian Jurczyk
- Łukasieiwcz Research Network – Institute for Engineering of Polymer Materials and Dyes, 55, M. Sklodowska-Curie St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
| | - Michał Sobota
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34. M. Curie-Sklodowska St., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (M.S.); (M.K.); (W.S.); (M.Z.); (H.J.); (J.R.); (P.K.)
| | - Magdalena Klim
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34. M. Curie-Sklodowska St., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (M.S.); (M.K.); (W.S.); (M.Z.); (H.J.); (J.R.); (P.K.)
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, 4 Jagiellońska St., 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Wanda Sikorska
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34. M. Curie-Sklodowska St., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (M.S.); (M.K.); (W.S.); (M.Z.); (H.J.); (J.R.); (P.K.)
| | - Magdalena Zięba
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34. M. Curie-Sklodowska St., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (M.S.); (M.K.); (W.S.); (M.Z.); (H.J.); (J.R.); (P.K.)
| | - Henryk Janeczek
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34. M. Curie-Sklodowska St., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (M.S.); (M.K.); (W.S.); (M.Z.); (H.J.); (J.R.); (P.K.)
| | - Joanna Rydz
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34. M. Curie-Sklodowska St., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (M.S.); (M.K.); (W.S.); (M.Z.); (H.J.); (J.R.); (P.K.)
| | - Piotr Kurcok
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34. M. Curie-Sklodowska St., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (M.S.); (M.K.); (W.S.); (M.Z.); (H.J.); (J.R.); (P.K.)
| | - Brian Johnston
- Wolverhampton School of Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK; (B.J.); (I.R.)
| | - Izabela Radecka
- Wolverhampton School of Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK; (B.J.); (I.R.)
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Effects of various surface treatments on Aloe Vera fibers used as reinforcement in poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHHx) biocomposites. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Natural Kenaf Fiber and LC3 Binder for Sustainable Fiber-Reinforced Cementitious Composite: A Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10010357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Low impact on the environment and low cost are the key drivers for today’s technology uptake. There are many concerns for cement production in terms of negative environmental impact due to greenhouse gas (GHG) emission, deficiency of raw materials, as well as high energy consumption. Replacement of the cement by appropriate additives known as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) could result in reduction in GHG emission. Limestone-calcined clay cement (LC3) is a promising binder in the concrete sector for its improvements to environmental impact, durability, and mechanical properties. On the other hand, the advantages of fiber-reinforced concrete such as improved ductility, versatility, and durability have resulted in increasing demand for this type of concrete and introduction of new standards for considering the mechanical properties of fibers in structural design. Thus, using natural fibers instead of synthetic fibers can be another step toward the sustainability of the concrete industry, which is facing increasing demand for cement-based materials. This review studies the potential of natural Kenaf fiber-reinforced concrete containing LC3 binder as a step toward green cementitious composite. While studies show that energy consumption and GHG emission can be reduced and there is a significant potential to enhance mechanical and durability properties of concrete using this composition, adjustment of the mix design, assessing the long-term performance and standardization, are the next steps for the use of the material in practice.
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Formulation and characterization of a novel PHBV nanocomposite for bone defect filling and infection treatment. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 104:110004. [PMID: 31500052 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable materials that combine bioactivity with sustained drug release have been proved promising for the treatment and prophylaxis of bone infection. In this work, injection-molded nanocomposites were formulated from poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-6%hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), nanodiamond (nD) and nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) loaded with vancomycin (VC). The components were compounded using a rotary evaporator (PHBV/nHA/VC/nD-R) or a spray-dryer (PHBV/nHA/VC/nD-SD). The nanoparticles acted as a nucleating agent, increasing PHBV crystallinity from 57.1% to up to 73.3% (PHBV/nHA/VC/nD-SD). The nHA particles were found to be well distributed on the formulations fracture surface observed by SEM-EDS micrographs. PHBV/nHA/VC/nD-SD presented higher glass transition temperature (18.1 vs 14.8 °C) and stronger interface than PHBV/nHA/VC/nD-R, as determined by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Furthermore, the incorporation of nanoparticles increased PHBV flexural elastic modulus by 34% and match the reported for human bone. Both systems were able to present a sustained release of VC for 22 days, reaching 7.1 ± 1.3%(PHBV/nHA/VC/nD-R) and 4.8 ± 0.6% (PHBV/nHA/VC/nD-SD). VC presented antibacterial activity even after being processed at 178 °C in an injection molding machine. Moreover, in vitro assays showed a good adhesion and growth of cells on the specimens and suggested a non-cytotoxic and non-cytostatic behavior. These findings indicate that these systems can be further explored as bone defect filling material.
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Abstract
The large-scale entry of bio-based polymers, such as poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-valerate) (PHBV), in applications commonly occupied by petroleum-based plastics is heavily limited by their poorer mechanical properties, thus, hindering efforts to reduce harmful plastic waste. Prior work to improve these properties has involved short natural fibre reinforcements, which do not produce substantial improvements. In this work, PHBV was simultaneously reinforced with unidirectional flax and toughened with poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) or epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) to produce well-rounded composites. Toughened unidirectional composites were prepared by cryogenic grinding, powder layup and compression moulding. Unidirectional flax addition resulted in 4-fold increases in tensile properties, 3-fold increases in flexural properties and 20-fold increases in impact properties, whilst producing minimal change in the thermal properties. PBAT and ENR phases appeared well bonded to the PHBV within the composite. The addition of PBAT did not cause any significant changes in thermal or mechanical properties. The addition of ENR, however, reduced the tensile modulus and the flexural properties but produced a significant increase in impact strength, attributed to the coarse particle size of ENR. Unidirectional flax reinforcement of PHBV widens the scope of application of PHBV considerably where mechanical properties are of concern, while ENR has significant potential as a bio-based toughening agent for biocomposites.
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Hamour N, Boukerrou A, Djidjelli H, Beaugrand J. In situ grafting effect of a coupling agent on different properties of a poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)/olive husk flour composite. Polym Bull (Berl) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-019-02725-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Gas Dissolution Foaming as a Novel Approach for the Production of Lightweight Biocomposites of PHB/Natural Fibre Fabrics. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10030249. [PMID: 30966284 PMCID: PMC6415188 DOI: 10.3390/polym10030249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to propose and explore a novel approach for the production of cellular lightweight natural fibre, nonwoven, fabric-reinforced biocomposites by means of gas dissolution foaming from composite precursors of polyhydroxybutyrate-based matrix and flax fabric reinforcement. The main challenge is the development of a regular cellular structure in the polymeric matrix to reach a weight reduction while keeping a good fibre-matrix stress transfer and adhesion. The viability of the process is evaluated through the analysis of the cellular structure and morphology of the composites. The effect of matrix modification, nonwoven treatment, expansion temperature, and expansion pressure on the density and cellular structure of the cellular composites is evaluated. It was found that the nonwoven fabric plays a key role in the formation of a uniform cellular morphology, although limiting the maximum expansion ratio of the composites. Cellular composites with a significant reduction of weight (relative densities in the range 0.4⁻0.5) were successfully obtained.
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17
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Xu Z, Zhou H, Tan S, Jiang X, Wu W, Shi J, Chen P. Ultralight super-hydrophobic carbon aerogels based on cellulose nanofibers/poly(vinyl alcohol)/graphene oxide (CNFs/PVA/GO) for highly effective oil-water separation. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 9:508-519. [PMID: 29527428 PMCID: PMC5827779 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.9.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
With the worsening of the oil-product pollution problem, oil-water separation has attracted increased attention in recent years. In this study, a porous three-dimensional (3D) carbon aerogel based on cellulose nanofibers (CNFs), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized by a facile and green approach. The resulting CNF/PVA/GO aerogels were synthesized through an environmentally friendly freeze-drying process and then carbonized to yield CNF/PVA/GO carbon aerogels with low density (18.41 mg cm-3), high porosity (98.98%), a water contact angle of 156° (super-hydrophobic) and high oil absorption capacity (97 times its own weight). The carbonization treatment of the CNF/PVA/GO aerogel not only improved the hydrophobic properties but also enhanced the adsorption capacity and specific surface area. Given the many good performance characteristics and the facile preparation process of carbon aerogels, these materials are viable candidates for use in oil-water separation and environmental protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Huan Zhou
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Sicong Tan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xiangdong Jiang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Weibing Wu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Pulp & Paper Science & Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jiangtao Shi
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Peng Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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18
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Modification of the Interface/Interphase in Natural Fibre Reinforced Composites: Treatments and Processes. SURFACES AND INTERFACES IN NATURAL FIBRE REINFORCED COMPOSITES 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-71410-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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19
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Chan CM, Vandi LJ, Pratt S, Halley P, Richardson D, Werker A, Laycock B. Mechanical performance and long-term indoor stability of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)-based wood plastic composites (WPCs) modified by non-reactive additives. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Suhartono E, Chen SC, Lee KH, Wang KJ. Improvements on the tensile properties of microcellular injection molded parts using microcellular co-injection molding with the material combinations of PP and PP-GF. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12588-017-9190-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Xu P, Zeng Q, Cao Y, Ma P, Dong W, Chen M. Interfacial modification on polyhydroxyalkanoates/starch blend by grafting in-situ. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 174:716-722. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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22
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Ventura H, Claramunt J, Rodríguez-Pérez M, Ardanuy M. Effects of hydrothermal aging on the water uptake and tensile properties of PHB/flax fabric biocomposites. Polym Degrad Stab 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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Huang A, Jiang Y, Napiwocki B, Mi H, Peng X, Turng LS. Fabrication of poly(ε-caprolactone) tissue engineering scaffolds with fibrillated and interconnected pores utilizing microcellular injection molding and polymer leaching. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra06987a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional fibrillated interconnected porous poly(ε-caprolactone) scaffolds were prepared by microcellular injection molding and polymer leaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Huang
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
| | - Yongchao Jiang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Madison
- USA
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery
| | - Brett Napiwocki
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery
- University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Madison
- USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
| | - Haoyang Mi
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
| | - Xiangfang Peng
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Lih-Sheng Turng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Madison
- USA
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery
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24
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Bekat T, Öner M. Effects of surface modification and ultrasonic agitation on the properties of PHBV/ZnO nanocomposites. PURE APPL CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2016-0805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractZinc oxide (ZnO) particles were synthesized from aqueous solution by chemical precipitation method. Self-aggregated rod-shaped particles were obtained. Silane modification and ultrasonic dispersion were compared in terms of effectiveness on particle deagglomeration. Complete deagglomeration was achieved with ultrasonic dispersion for untreated particles. Surface-treated and/or ultrasound-applied ZnO particles were incorporated into PHBV matrix by melt-extrusion. Good particle dispersion was achieved in the composites regardless of the agglomeration observed in particles prior to polymer matrix inclusion. Number of regular, rod-shaped particles observed was higher in the composites produced with ultrasound-dispersed particles. ZnO crystals did not affect the melting and crystallization temperatures of PHBV composites, but the degree of crystallinity was decreased. Thermal degradation temperature of PHBV was slightly decreased with ZnO addition. Tensile strength, elongation at break, and toughness of PHBV were affected positively when ultrasound-dispersed (treated or untreated) particles were incorporated into PHBV matrix; whereas application of both ultrasound and silane treatment produced better results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugce Bekat
- 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Davutpasa Campus, 34210, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mualla Öner
- 2Department of Chemical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Davutpasa Campus, 34210, Istanbul, Turkey, Tel: +902123834740, Fax: +902123834725
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25
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Wang S, Chen W, Xiang H, Yang J, Zhou Z, Zhu M. Modification and Potential Application of Short-Chain-Length Polyhydroxyalkanoate (SCL-PHA). Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:E273. [PMID: 30974550 PMCID: PMC6432283 DOI: 10.3390/polym8080273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
As the only kind of naturally-occurring biopolyester synthesized by various microorganisms, polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) shows a great market potential in packaging, fiber, biomedical, and other fields due to its biodegradablity, biocompatibility, and renewability. However, the inherent defects of scl-PHA with low 3HV or 4HB content, such as high stereoregularity, slow crystallization rate, and particularly the phenomena of formation of large-size spherulites and secondary crystallization, restrict the processing and stability of scl-PHA, as well as the application of its products. Many efforts have focused on the modification of scl-PHA to improve the mechanical properties and the applicability of obtained scl-PHA products. The modification of structure and property together with the potential applications of scl-PHA are covered in this review to give a comprehensive knowledge on the modification and processing of scl-PHA, including the effects of physical blending, chemical structure design, and processing conditions on the crystallization behaviors, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of scl-PHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichao Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Hengxue Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Junjie Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Zhe Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Meifang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
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26
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Thermal, Morphological, and Biodegradability Properties of Bioplastic Fertilizer Composites Made of Oil Palm Biomass, Fertilizer, and Poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-valerate). INT J POLYM SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1155/2016/3230109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Slow-release bioplastic fertilizer (BpF) composites were developed by processing oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB), fertilizer, and poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-valerate) (PHBv) using extrusion techniques with controlled formulation and temperature. The temperature was kept at 150°C for 3 to 5 min during processing using twin-screw extruder. The PHBv lost weight gradually with the increasing temperature and its thermal degradation occurred initially at 263.4°C and reached the maximum at 300.7°C. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images showed that the bonding of all composites created small gaps between matrices polymer and fiber because the hydrophilic characteristic of EFB fibers weakened the interfacial bonding. PHBv/EFB/NPKC2 showed faster biodegradation over PHBv/NPKC1 and PHBv/NPKC2, which was 99.35% compared to 68.66% and 90.28%, respectively.
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27
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Zhai T, Zheng Q, Cai Z, Turng LS, Xia H, Gong S. Poly(vinyl alcohol)/cellulose nanofibril hybrid aerogels with an aligned microtubular porous structure and their composites with polydimethylsiloxane. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:7436-7444. [PMID: 25822398 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b01679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Superhydrophobic poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/cellulose nanofibril (CNF) aerogels with a unidirectionally aligned microtubular porous structure were prepared using a unidirectional freeze-drying process, followed by the thermal chemical vapor deposition of methyltrichlorosilane. The silanized aerogels were characterized using various techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and contact angle measurements. The structure of the aerogels fully filled with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was confirmed by SEM and optical microscopy. The mechanical properties of the resulting PDMS/aerogel composites were examined using both compressive and tensile tests. The compressive and tensile Young's moduli of the fully filled PDMS/aerogel composites were more than 2-fold and 15-fold higher than those of pure PDMS. This study provides a novel alternative approach for preparing high performance polymer nanocomposites with a bicontinuous structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianliang Zhai
- †State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | | | | | | | - Hesheng Xia
- †State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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28
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Bhardwaj U, Dhar P, Kumar A, Katiyar V. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA)-Cellulose Based Nanobiocomposites for Food Packaging Applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2014-1162.ch019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Umesh Bhardwaj
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India
| | - Prodyut Dhar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India
| | - Vimal Katiyar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India
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29
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Lu H, Madbouly SA, Schrader JA, Kessler MR, Grewell D, Graves WR. Novel bio-based composites of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)/distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS). RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra04455j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
SEM morphology and DSC measurements for bio-based PHA/DDGS composites of different compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Iowa State University
- Ames, USA
| | - Samy A. Madbouly
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Iowa State University
- Ames, USA
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
| | | | - Micheal R. Kessler
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering
- Washington State University
- Pullman, USA
| | - David Grewell
- Department of Agriculture and Biosystems Engineering
- Iowa State University
- Ames, USA
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30
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Kuboki T. Mechanical properties and foaming behavior of injection molded cellulose fiber reinforced polypropylene composite foams. J CELL PLAST 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/0021955x13504776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper investigates the effects of cellulose content and processing conditions on the mechanical properties and foaming behavior of injection molded cellulose fiber reinforced polypropylene composite foams. Composite foams were injection molded using an advanced structural foam molding machine with N2 as a physical blowing agent. Foamed specimens were prepared at different injection speeds and void fractions. The mechanical properties and foam morphologies of the specimens were evaluated. The results suggested that the specific flexural modulus was increased and the specific flexural strength and Izod impact strength were maintained by foaming, and that the strength, modulus, and notched Izod impact strength increased with the increase of cellulose content. Additionally, the results suggested that the cell morphology of the composite foams was improved by the increase of void fraction and the addition of cellulose fiber.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kuboki
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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31
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Reddy MM, Vivekanandhan S, Misra M, Bhatia SK, Mohanty AK. Biobased plastics and bionanocomposites: Current status and future opportunities. Prog Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 471] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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32
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Srithep Y, Ellingham T, Peng J, Sabo R, Clemons C, Turng LS, Pilla S. Melt compounding of poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)/nanofibrillated cellulose nanocomposites. Polym Degrad Stab 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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33
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Pan Y, Xiao H, Zhao Y, Wang Z. CTMP-based cellulose fibers modified with core–shell latex for reinforcing biocomposites. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 95:428-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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34
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Zhao H, Cui Z, Sun X, Turng LS, Peng X. Morphology and Properties of Injection Molded Solid and Microcellular Polylactic Acid/Polyhydroxybutyrate-Valerate (PLA/PHBV) Blends. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie301573y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Zhao
- National Engineering Research
Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing, The Key Laboratory
of Polymer Processing Engineering Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhixiang Cui
- School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaofei Sun
- Polymer
Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Wisconsin,
United States
| | - Lih-Sheng Turng
- Polymer
Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Wisconsin,
United States
| | - Xiangfang Peng
- National Engineering Research
Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing, The Key Laboratory
of Polymer Processing Engineering Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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35
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Javadi A, Srithep Y, Pilla S, Clemons CC, Gong S, Turng LS. Microcellular poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate)-hyperbranched polymer-nanoclay nanocomposites. POLYM ENG SCI 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.21972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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