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Ledenko M, Toskich B, Mehner C, Ceylan H, Patel T. Therapeutic biliary stents: applications and opportunities. Expert Rev Med Devices 2024; 21:399-409. [PMID: 38716580 DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2024.2341960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Biliary stents are used to optimize ductal patency and enable bile flow in the management of obstruction or injury related to biliary tract tumors, strictures, stones, or leaks. Although direct therapeutic applications of biliary stents are less well developed, stents can be used to deliver drugs, radioisotopes, and photodynamic therapy. AREAS COVERED This report provides an in-depth overview of the clinical indications, and therapeutic utility of biliary stents. Unique considerations for the design of biliary stents are described. The properties and functionalities of materials used for stents such as metal alloys, plastic polymers, or biodegradable materials are described, and opportunities for design of future stents are outlined. Current and potential applications of stents for therapeutic applications for biliary tract diseases are described. EXPERT OPINION Therapeutic biliary stents could be used to minimize inflammation, prevent stricture formation, reduce infections, or provide localized anti-cancer therapy for biliary tract cancers. Stents could be transformed into therapeutic platforms using advanced materials, 3D printing, nanotechnology, and artificial intelligence. Whilst clinical study and validation will be required for adoption, future advances in stent design and materials are expected to expand the use of therapeutic biliary stents for the treatment of biliary tract disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Ledenko
- Department of Transplantation, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Beau Toskich
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Christine Mehner
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Hakan Ceylan
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Tushar Patel
- Department of Transplantation, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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2
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Luo X, Li M, Cai H, Yang S, Hao L, Ebel T, Helmholz H, Huang B, Wang X. Degradation Adaptability Assessment of Semisolid Powder Molded Mg-Zn-Mn Alloys for Orthopedic Applications. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:5515-5530. [PMID: 37982492 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Semisolid powder molding was used to prepare the medical Mg-6Zn alloy; in order to further improve its degradation adaptability, 0.5 and 1 wt % Mn were added. Then, the effect of the forming temperature (540, 560, 580, and 600 °C) on the in vitro degradation behavior of the prepared Mg-6Zn-xMn (x = 0.5, 1 wt %) was analyzed, and the optimized alloy was obtained. Finally, the biocompatibility and in vivo degradation performance of the optimized and Mn-free alloys were evaluated. Importantly, single-photon emission tomographic imaging (SPECT/CT) was first applied to monitor the in vivo degradation process. The results show that the corrosion mechanism of the Mn-free alloy is microgalvanic corrosion control with corrosive pitting. After adding Mn, the in vitro degradation rate decreases by half (0.17 ± 0.01 mm/year) as the forming temperature increases to 600 °C, and Mg-6Zn-1Mn prepared at 600 °C is the optimized alloy. Mn addition improves the corrosion product film protection and discontinuous secondary phases, and thus, the corrosion mechanism is changed to corrosive pitting control. Additionally, semisolid powder molding is an easy method to prepare alloys with low average pore interconnectivity (<10%), which is helpful for slowing down the degradation rate. The Mn-containing alloy has better biocompatibility, with a cytotoxicity of grade 0-1, due to its lower degradation rate. The in vivo corrosion rate of the Mn-free alloy is 0.19 mm/year after 28 days of implantation, which was precisely detected by SPECT/CT in real-time. The long-term in vivo degradation adaptability of Mn-free and Mn-containing alloys was not correctly presented, which may be due to the unreasonable bone defect model causing implant displacement. However, both of these alloys cause no obvious inflammation and show good healing. In summary, semisolid powder molding is a potentially promising technique to prepare medical Mg alloys, and nuclear imaging is an effective in vivo degradation evaluation method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Luo
- School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, P. R. China
| | - Mingyu Li
- School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, P. R. China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & Laboratary of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Huawei Cai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & Laboratary of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Shanghui Yang
- School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, P. R. China
| | - Lijing Hao
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Thomas Ebel
- Institute of Metallic Biomaterials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon GmbH, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Heike Helmholz
- Institute of Metallic Biomaterials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon GmbH, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Bensheng Huang
- School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, P. R. China
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Rabeeh VPM, Rahim SA, Kinattingara Parambath S, Rajanikant GK, Hanas T. Iron-Gold Composites for Biodegradable Implants: In Vitro Investigation on Biodegradation and Biomineralization. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:4255-4268. [PMID: 37452568 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The biocompatibility and biodegradation of iron (Fe) make it a suitable candidate for developing biodegradable metallic implants. However, the degradation rate of Fe in a physiological environment is extremely slow and needs to be enhanced to a rate compatible with tissue growth. Incorporating noble metals improves the Fe degradation rate by forming galvanic couples. This study incorporated gold (Au) into Fe at very low concentrations of 1.25 and 2.37 μg/g to improve the degradation rate. The electrochemical corrosion test of the samples revealed that the Au-containing samples showed a four-time and nine-time faster degradation rate than pure Fe. Furthermore, the immersion test and long-term electrochemical impedance spectroscopy conducted in simulated body fluid (SBF) revealed that the Au-incorporated samples exhibited increased bioactivity and degraded faster than pure Fe. Integrating nanogold into a Fe matrix increased the in situ formation of hydroxyapatite on the sample's surface and did not cause toxicity to L929-murine fibroblast cells. It is suggested that Fe-Au composites with low concentrations of Au can be used to tailor the biodegradation rate and promote the biomineralization of Fe-based implants in the physiological environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- V P Muhammad Rabeeh
- Nanomaterials Research Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kozhikode 673601, India
| | - Shebeer A Rahim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kozhikode 673601, India
| | | | - G K Rajanikant
- School of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kozhikode 673601, India
| | - T Hanas
- Nanomaterials Research Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kozhikode 673601, India
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kozhikode 673601, India
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Cross-Disciplinary Application for Qualitative Magnesium Corrosion Assays. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2022; 2022:8289447. [PMID: 35800067 PMCID: PMC9256404 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8289447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
At the moment, unserviceable magnesium implants make a good case in point for further responsible study in this field. Whether we are willing to admit it or not, existing methods for corrosion monitoring are exposed to susceptibility and instability. Interdisciplinary theories and the existing corrosion experiments were combined based on their various merits for developing an accurate and precise corroding experiment for Mg/Mg alloys. We used the water-soluble tetrazolium-8 (WST-8) reagent to further complete the immersion experiment. The color change of the solution reflects the rationale of corrosion, followed by monitoring the degree of corrosion. The feasibility of this idea will be demonstrated.
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Choudhury S, Asthana S, Homer-Vanniasinkam S, Chatterjee K. Emerging Trends in Biliary Stents: A Materials and Manufacturing Perspective. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:3716-3729. [DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00234e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Biliary stent technology has come a long way since its inception. There have been significant advancements in materials used, designs, and deployment strategies. Options have expanded from thermoplastic and metallic...
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Peng H, Fan K, Zan R, Gong ZJ, Sun W, Sun Y, Wang W, Jiang H, lou J, Ni J, Suo T, Zhang X. Degradable magnesium implants inhibit gallbladder cancer. Acta Biomater 2021; 128:514-522. [PMID: 33964481 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer can be difficult to detect in its early stages and is prone to metastasize, causing bile duct obstruction, which is usually treated by stent implantation in clinic. However, the commonly used biliary stents are non-degradable, which not only prone to secondary blockage, but also need to be removed by secondary surgery. Biodegradable magnesium (Mg) is expected to one of the promising candidates for degradable biliary stents due to its excellent physicochemical property and biocompatibility. In this work, we studied the influence of high-purity Mg wires on gallbladder cancer through in vitro and in vivo experiments and revealed that the degradation products of Mg could significantly inhibit the growth of gallbladder cancer cells and promote their apoptosis. Our findings indicate that Mg biliary stent possesses the function of draining bile and treating gallbladder cancer, suggesting that Mg has good application prospects in biliary surgery. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Current research and development of biomedical magnesium are mainly concentrated in the cardiovascular and orthopedics field. Degradable magnesium bile duct stents have great application prospects in the treatment of bile duct blockage caused by bile duct-related cancers. At present, the effect of magnesium implants on gallbladder cancer is not clear. Our work verified the effectiveness of magnesium wire implants in inhibiting gallbladder cancer through in vivo and in vitro experiments, and studied the effect of magnesium degradation products on gallbladder cancer cells from the perspective of cell proliferation, apoptosis and cycle. This study provided new understanding for the application of magnesium in biliary surgery.
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Wu J, Zhao D, Lee B, Roy A, Yao R, Chen S, Dong Z, Heineman WR, Kumta PN. Effect of Lithium and Aluminum on the Mechanical Properties, In Vivo and In Vitro Degradation, and Toxicity of Multiphase Ultrahigh Ductility Mg-Li-Al-Zn Quaternary Alloys for Vascular Stent Application. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:1950-1964. [PMID: 33455316 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium alloys are the most widely studied biodegradable metals for biodegradable vascular stent application. Two major issues with current magnesium alloy based stents are their low ductility and fast corrosion rates. Several studies have validated that introduction of Li into the magnesium alloys will significantly improve the ductility while alloying with Al will improve the corrosion resistance and strength. In the present study, we studied the effects of alloying different amounts of Li and Al on the Mg-Li-Al-Zn (LAZ) quaternary alloy system. Rods were made from four different LAZ alloys, namely, LAZ611, LAZ631, LAZ911, and LAZ931 following melting, casting, and then extrusion. Systematic assessment of mechanical properties, in vitro corrosion, cytotoxicity, and in vivo degradation including local and systemic toxicity conducted demonstrated the beneficial effects of Li and Al on the mechanical properties. Our results specifically suggest that alloying with Li significantly improved the ductility while Al enhanced the strength of the LAZ alloys. Four of the LAZ alloys exhibited different corrosion rates in Hank's balanced salt solution depending on the chemical composition. Indirect in vitro cytotoxicity tests also showed lower cytotoxicity for the alloys exhibiting higher corrosion resistance. In vivo corrosion rates in the mouse subcutaneous model showed different corrosion rates compared to the in vitro tests. Nevertheless, all of the four LAZ alloys displayed no local and systemic toxicity based on the histology analysis. This research study, therefore, demonstrated the benefits of using Li and Al as alloying elements in LAZ alloys and the potential use of LAZ alloys for vascular stent application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyao Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States.,McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Daoli Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Boeun Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Abhijit Roy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States.,McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Raymon Yao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Shauna Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, United States
| | - Zhongyun Dong
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, United States
| | - William R Heineman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Prashant N Kumta
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States.,McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States.,Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States.,Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
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8
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Sun Y, Wu H, Wang W, Zan R, Peng H, Zhang S, Zhang X. Translational status of biomedical Mg devices in China. Bioact Mater 2019; 4:358-365. [PMID: 31909297 PMCID: PMC6939060 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) and its alloys as temporary medical implants with biodegradable and properly mechanical properties have been investigated for a long time. There are already three kinds of biodegradable Mg implants which are approved by Conformite Europeene (CE) or Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA), but not China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA, now it is National Medical Products Administration, NMPA). As we know, Chinese researchers, surgeons, and entrepreneurs have tried a lot to research and develop biodegradable Mg implants which might become other new approved implants for clinical applications. So in this review, we present the representative Mg implants of three categories, orthopedic implants, surgical implants, and intervention implants and provide an overview of current achievement in China from academic publications and Chinese patents. We would like to provide a systematic way to translate Mg and its alloy implants from experiment designs to clinical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hongliu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wenhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Rui Zan
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hongzhou Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shaoxiang Zhang
- Suzhou Origin Medical Technology Co. Ltd., Suzhou, 215513, China
| | - Xiaonong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Suzhou Origin Medical Technology Co. Ltd., Suzhou, 215513, China
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Wang Z, Zheng Q, Guan S, Sun Z, Liu S, Zhang B, Duan T, Xu K. In vitro and in vivo assessment of the biocompatibility of an paclitaxel-eluting poly-l-lactide-coated Mg-Zn-Y-Nd alloy stent in the intestine. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 105:110087. [PMID: 31546433 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanhui Wang
- Luoyang Central Hospital affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang 471000, China.
| | - Qiuxia Zheng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Shaokang Guan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 45002, China.
| | - Zongbin Sun
- Luoyang Central Hospital affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Shaopeng Liu
- Luoyang Central Hospital affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Bingbing Zhang
- Luoyang Central Hospital affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Tinghe Duan
- Luoyang Central Hospital affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Kai Xu
- Luoyang Central Hospital affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang 471000, China
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Zhang X, Dai J, Dong Q, Ba Z, Wu Y. Corrosion behavior and mechanical degradation of as‐extruded Mg–Gd–Zn–Zr alloys for orthopedic application. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2019; 108:698-708. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Zhang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNanjing Institute of Technology Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural Materials and Application Technology Nanjing China
| | - Jianwei Dai
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNanjing Institute of Technology Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural Materials and Application Technology Nanjing China
| | - Qiangsheng Dong
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNanjing Institute of Technology Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural Materials and Application Technology Nanjing China
| | - Zhixin Ba
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNanjing Institute of Technology Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural Materials and Application Technology Nanjing China
| | - Yujuan Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloys Net FormingShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
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Brandt-Wunderlich C, Ruppelt P, Zumstein P, Schmidt W, Arbeiter D, Schmitz KP, Grabow N. Mechanical behavior of in vivo degraded second generation resorbable magnesium scaffolds (RMS). J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 91:174-181. [PMID: 30583263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Resorbable magnesium scaffolds are used for the treatment of atherosclerotic coronary vascular disease and furthermore, for vascular restoration therapy. Recently, the first-in-man clinical studies with Magmaris showed promising results regarding the target lesion failure as well as vasomotion properties after 12 and 24 month. The consistency of in vivo degraded magnesium alloys in a cardiovascular environment is qualitatively described in literature, but only little has been disclosed about the actual change in mechanical properties and the behavior of the magnesium alloy degradation products. In the present study, uncoated magnesium scaffolds 3.0 × 20 mm were implanted in coronary arteries of two healthy Goetinnger mini-swine. The scaffolds were explanted to evaluate the mechanical properties of the degraded magnesium scaffolds after 180 days in vivo. Ex vivo sample preparation and test conditions were adapted to a customized compression test setup which was developed to investigate the micro-scale scaffold fragments (width 225 ± 75 µm, thickness 150 µm). As reference bare undegraded magnesium scaffold fragments were tested. Mechanical parameters relating to force as a function of displacement were determined for both sample groups. The undegraded samples showed no fracturing at the maximum applied force of 8 N, whereas the in vivo degraded test samples showed forces of 0.411 ± 0.197 N at the first fracturing and a maximum force of 0.956 ± 0.525 N. The deformation work, calculated as area beneath the force-displacement curve, of the in vivo degraded test samples was reduced by approximately 87-88% compared to the undegraded samples (5.20 mN mm and 40.79 mN mm, both at 7.5% deformation). The indication for a complete loss of structural integrity through a reduction of mechanical properties after a certain degradation time increases the chance to restore vascular function and physiological vasomotion in the stented vessel compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wolfram Schmidt
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Daniela Arbeiter
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Schmitz
- Institute for ImplantTechnology and Biomaterials e.V., Rostock-Warnemuende, Germany; Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Niels Grabow
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
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Luffy SA, Wu J, Kumta PN, Gilbert TW. Evaluation of magnesium alloys for use as an intraluminal tracheal for pediatric applications in a rat tracheal bypass model. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2018; 107:1844-1853. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Luffy
- Department of Bioengineering University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15261
- McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Jingyao Wu
- Department of Bioengineering University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15261
- McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Prashant N. Kumta
- Department of Bioengineering University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15261
- McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15261
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15261
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15261
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine University of Pitsburgh Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Thomas W. Gilbert
- Department of Bioengineering University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15261
- McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15261
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
- ACell, Inc. Columbia MD 21046
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Chen J, Tan L, Yu X, Etim IP, Ibrahim M, Yang K. Mechanical properties of magnesium alloys for medical application: A review. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 87:68-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Mechanical Properties and Microstructure Evolution of Mg-6 wt % Zn Alloy during Equal-Channel Angular Pressing. METALS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/met8100841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) was performed on a Mg (6 wt %) Zn alloy at temperatures from 160 to 240 °C and the microstructures and mechanical properties were studied using optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and an electronic universal testing machine. The results showed that ECAP was effective for grain refinement and a bi-modal grain structure formed at low temperatures, which was stable during ECAP from 160 to 200 °C. MgZn2 phase and Mg4Zn7 phase were generated during the ECAP process. The mechanical properties remarkably increased after two repetitions of ECAP. However, the strengths could not be further improved by increasing the plastic deformation, but decreased when ECAP was performed between 200 and 240 °C. The mechanical properties of the ECAP Mg-6Zn alloy was determined by a combination of grain refinement strengthening, precipitation hardening, and texture softening.
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Chen Y, Huang P, Chen H, Wang S, Wang H, Guo J, Zhang X, Zhang S, Yan J, Xia J, Xu Z. Assessment of the Biocompatibility and Biological Effects of Biodegradable Pure Zinc Material in the Colorectum. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:4095-4103. [PMID: 33418809 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Little attention has been paid to the biocompatibility and biological effects of zinc as a material. Here, we therefore investigated the biocompatibility and anti-inflammatory and collagen-promoting effects of pure zinc material in the colorectum. Our in vitro results indicated that zinc toxicity and concentration were closely related. Low concentrations of zinc ions and pure zinc material extract had only minor effects on the viability of primary rectal mucosal epithelial cells; however, cytotoxicity was observed at concentrations greater than 0.017 μg/μL and 60%, respectively. In vivo experiments demonstrated that zinc pins degraded slowly in the colorectum (their volume decreasing by approximately 7.79% over 1 month) and did not cause serious adverse reactions. Pure zinc material was found to inhibit acute inflammation through increased expression of ENA-78 and F4/80. Moreover, zinc material heightened expression of collagen and VEGF, factors conducive to wound healing, in surrounding colorectal tissues. These preliminary results suggest that zinc shows great promise as an implant material for medical applications involving colorectal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hui Chen
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Jiangsu 210000, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | - Xiaonong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoxiang Zhang
- Suzhou Origin Medical Technology Co. Ltd., 2 Haicheng Road, Changshu Economic and Technology Development Zone, Jiangsu 215513, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China
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Chen Y, Sun N, Zhang J, Zhang S, Zhao C, Xia J. Degradation of Mg-6Zn alloy stents does not influence the healing of the common bile duct in vivo. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:2651-2656. [PMID: 28587326 PMCID: PMC5450693 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effects of Mg-6Zn alloy on the healing of the common bile duct (CBD), Mg-6Zn alloy stents were implanted into the CBDs of rabbits. Stainless steel stents were transplanted into a second group of rabbits to serve as a control. Computed tomography (CT) scanning was performed and weight loss was recorded to evaluate the in vivo degradation process. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical analyses were performed to determine the expressions of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and evaluate CBD healing. The Mg-6Zn stents maintained ~82 and ~50% of the original length, and ~90 and ~43% of the original CT value at 1 and 2 weeks post-operatively, respectively. The residual weights of the Mg-6Zn stents were ~89, ~42 and ~9% of the original weights at 1, 2 and 3 weeks post-operatively, respectively. At 3 weeks post-surgery, the CBD was completely healed, with no wounds observed in the 3 groups. VEGF expression in the Mg-6Zn stent group was lower than that in the stainless steel stent group at 3 weeks post-surgery (P=0.002). No significant differences were observed between the mean expressions of the TGF-β1 and bFGF genes at 1 and 2 weeks post-surgery. The results of the present study suggest that degradation of the Mg-6Zn alloy may not affect healing of the CBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yigang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Wuxi Second Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, P.R. China
| | - Nianfeng Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Wuxi Second Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Wuxi Second Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, P.R. China
| | - Shaoxiang Zhang
- Suzhou Origin Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Suzhou, Jiangsu 215513, P.R. China
| | - Changli Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Jiazeng Xia
- Department of General Surgery, Wuxi Second Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, P.R. China
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17
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Liu Y, Zheng S, Li N, Guo H, Zheng Y, Peng J. In vivo response of AZ31 alloy as biliary stents: a 6 months evaluation in rabbits. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40184. [PMID: 28084306 PMCID: PMC5234016 DOI: 10.1038/srep40184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mg-based metallic materials have been making continuing progress as vascular stents. However, the research of Mg-based materials as non-vascular stents is still at its primary stage. AZ31 stents hereby were implanted into the common bile duct of rabbits for 6 months. The results revealed an existence of 93.82 ± 1.36% and 30.89 ± 2.46% of the original volume after 1 and 3 month, respectively. Whole blood tests indicated an inflammation decreasing to normal level after 3 month implantation. A benign host response was observed via H&E staining. Nonuniform corrosion at the two ends of the stents was observed and considered the results of flow or local inflammation. Moreover, the application of Mg-based materials for different stenting treatment were reviewed and compared. Esophagus was hypothesized most destructive, whilst blood vessel and bile duct considered similar and less destructive. Trachea and nasal cavity were thought to be mildest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shengmin Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Huahu Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yufeng Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jirun Peng
- Department of Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
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18
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Do biodegradable magnesium alloy intramedullary interlocking nails prematurely lose fixation stability in the treatment of tibial fracture? A numerical simulation. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2017; 65:117-126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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19
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Xiao M, Chen YM, Biao MN, Zhang XD, Yang BC. Bio-functionalization of biomedical metals. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 70:1057-1070. [PMID: 27772705 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.06.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Bio-functionalization means to endow biomaterials with bio-functions so as to make the materials or devices more suitable for biomedical applications. Traditionally, because of the excellent mechanical properties, the biomedical metals have been widely used in clinic. However, the utilized functions are basically supporting or fixation especially for the implantable devices. Nowadays, some new functions, including bioactivity, anti-tumor, anti-microbial, and so on, are introduced to biomedical metals. To realize those bio-functions on the metallic biomedical materials, surface modification is the most commonly used method. Surface modification, including physical and chemical methods, is an effective way to alter the surface morphology and composition of biomaterials. It can endow the biomedical metals with new surface properties while still retain the good mechanical properties of the bulk material. Having analyzed the ways of realizing the bio-functionalization, this article briefly summarized the bio-functionalization concepts of six hot spots in this field. They are bioactivity, bony tissue inducing, anti-microbial, anti-tumor, anticoagulation, and drug loading functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Xiao
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Y M Chen
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - M N Biao
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - X D Zhang
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - B C Yang
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Chengdu, 610064, China.
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20
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Zhang S, Zheng Y, Zhang L, Bi Y, Li J, Liu J, Yu Y, Guo H, Li Y. In vitro and in vivo corrosion and histocompatibility of pure Mg and a Mg-6Zn alloy as urinary implants in rat model. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 68:414-422. [PMID: 27524036 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pure Mg and a Mg-6wt.% Zn alloy were investigated as potential candidates for biodegradable implants for the urinary system. The in vitro corrosion behavior was studied by potentiodynamic polarization and immersion tests in simulated body fluid (SBF) at 37°C. The in vivo degradation and histocompatibility were examined through implantation into the bladders of Wistar rats. The alloying element Zn elevated the passivation potential and increased the cathodic current density. Both in vitro and in vivo degradation tests showed a faster corrosion rate for the Mg-6Zn alloy. Tissues stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) suggested that both pure Mg and Mg-6Zn alloy exhibited good histocompatibility in the bladder indwelling implantation and no differences between pure Mg and Mg-6Zn groups were found in bladder, liver and kidney tissues during the 2weeks implantation. Overall, this work presented instructive information on the degradation properties and histocompatibility of pure Mg and the Mg-6Zn alloy in the urinary system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiying Zhang
- Department of Urology, Air Force General Hospital, 30 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, China; Key Laboratory of Aerospace Advanced Materials and Performance (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Aerospace Advanced Materials and Performance (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Liming Zhang
- Department of Urology, Air Force General Hospital, 30 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Yanze Bi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Aerospace Advanced Materials and Performance (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jianye Li
- Department of Urology, Air Force General Hospital, 30 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Aerospace Advanced Materials and Performance (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Youbin Yu
- Department of Urology, Air Force General Hospital, 30 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Heqing Guo
- Department of Urology, Air Force General Hospital, 30 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, China.
| | - Yan Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Thin Film Technology (Beihang University), Beijing 100191, China.
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21
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Huang T, Wang Z, Wei L, Kindy M, Zheng Y, Xi T, Gao BZ. Microelectrode Array-evaluation of Neurotoxic Effects of Magnesium as an Implantable Biomaterial. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 32:89-96. [PMID: 27110081 PMCID: PMC4840281 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg)-based biomaterials have shown great potential in clinical applications. However, the cytotoxic effects of excessive Mg2+ and the corrosion products from Mg-based biomaterials, particularly their effects on neurons, have been little studied. Although viability tests are most commonly used, a functional evaluation is critically needed. Here, both methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays were used to test the effect of Mg2+ and Mg-extract solution on neuronal viability. Microelectrode arrays (MEAs), which provide long-term, real-time recording of extracellular electrophysiological signals of in vitro neuronal networks, were used to test for toxic effects. The minimum effective concentrations (ECmin) of Mg2+ from the MTT and LDH assays were 3 mmol/L and 100 mmol/L, respectively, while the ECmin obtained from the MEA assay was 0.1 mmol/L. MEA data revealed significant loss of neuronal network activity when the culture was exposed to 25% Mg-extract solution, a concentration that did not affect neuronal viability. For evaluating the biocompatibility of Mg-based biomaterials with neurons, MEA electrophysiological testing is a more precise method than basic cell-viability testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Huang
- Center for Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhonghai Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Lina Wei
- Center for Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Mark Kindy
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
- Departments of Neurosciences and Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29466, USA
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29403, USA
| | - Yufeng Zheng
- Center for Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tingfei Xi
- Center for Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Human Tissue Regeneration and Repair, Shenzhen Institute, Peking University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Bruce Z. Gao
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
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22
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Chen Y, Yan J, Wang X, Yu S, Wang Z, Zhang X, Zhang S, Zheng Y, Zhao C, Zheng Q. In vivo and in vitro evaluation of effects of Mg-6Zn alloy on apoptosis of common bile duct epithelial cell. Biometals 2014; 27:1217-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-014-9784-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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