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Hsu HC, Wong KK, Wu SC, Huang CY, Ho WF. Effects of Cold Rolling or Precipitation Hardening Treatment on the Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, and Corrosion Resistance of Ti-Rich Metastable Medium-Entropy Alloys. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:7561. [PMID: 38138702 PMCID: PMC10744552 DOI: 10.3390/ma16247561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Titanium-rich metastable medium-entropy alloys, designed for low elastic moduli, sacrifice strength. However, enhancing their mechanical strength is crucial for bio-implant applications. This study aims to enhance the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of a metastable Ti80-Nb10-Mo5-Sn5 medium-entropy alloy using various treatments, including cold rolling (at 50% and 75% reduction) and precipitation hardening (at room temperature, 150 °C, 350 °C, 550 °C, and 750 °C). The results showed that the alloy underwent a stress-induced martensitic transformation during the rolling process. Notably, the α phase was precipitated in the β grain boundaries after 30 days of precipitation hardening at room temperature. The yield strengths of the alloy increased by 51% and 281.9% after room-temperature precipitation and 75% cold rolling, respectively. In potentiodynamic corrosion tests conducted in phosphate-buffered saline solution, the pitting potentials of the alloy treated using various conditions were higher than 1.8 V, and no pitting holes were observed on the surface of the alloys. The surface oxide layer of the alloy was primarily composed of TiO2, Nb2O5, MoO3, and SnO2, contributing to the alloy's exceptional corrosion and pitting resistance. The 75% rolled Ti80-Nb10-Mo5-Sn5 demonstrates exceptional mechanical properties and high corrosion resistance, positioning it as a promising bio-implant candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Chuan Hsu
- Department of Dental Technology and Materials Science, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung 40601, Taiwan; (H.-C.H.); (S.-C.W.)
| | - Ka-Kin Wong
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 81148, Taiwan; (K.-K.W.); (C.-Y.H.)
| | - Shih-Ching Wu
- Department of Dental Technology and Materials Science, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung 40601, Taiwan; (H.-C.H.); (S.-C.W.)
| | - Chun-Yu Huang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 81148, Taiwan; (K.-K.W.); (C.-Y.H.)
| | - Wen-Fu Ho
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 81148, Taiwan; (K.-K.W.); (C.-Y.H.)
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2
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Li H, Wang P, Wen C. Recent Progress on Nanocrystalline Metallic Materials for Biomedical Applications. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12122111. [PMID: 35745450 PMCID: PMC9231076 DOI: 10.3390/nano12122111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Nanocrystalline (NC) metallic materials have better mechanical properties, corrosion behavior and biocompatibility compared with their coarse-grained (CG) counterparts. Recently, nanocrystalline metallic materials are receiving increasing attention for biomedical applications. In this review, we have summarized the mechanical properties, corrosion behavior, biocompatibility, and clinical applications of different types of NC metallic materials. Nanocrystalline materials, such as Ti and Ti alloys, shape memory alloys (SMAs), stainless steels (SS), and biodegradable Fe and Mg alloys prepared by high-pressure torsion, equiangular extrusion techniques, etc., have better mechanical properties, superior corrosion resistance and biocompatibility properties due to their special nanostructures. Moreover, future research directions of NC metallic materials are elaborated. This review can provide guidance and reference for future research on nanocrystalline metallic materials for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huafang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;
- Correspondence:
| | - Pengyu Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Cuie Wen
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia;
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3
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In-Situ Laser Directed Energy Deposition of Biomedical Ti-Nb and Ti-Zr-Nb Alloys from Elemental Powders. METALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/met11081205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In order to achieve the required properties of titanium implants, more resources and research are needed to turn into reality the dream of developing the perfect implant material. The objective of this study was to evaluate the viability of the Laser Directed Energy Deposition to produce biomedical Ti-Nb and Ti-Zr-Nb alloys from elemental powders (Ti, Nb and Zr). The Laser Directed Energy Deposition is an additive manufacturing process used to build a component by delivering energy and material simultaneously. The material is supplied in the form of particles or wire and a laser beam is employed to melt material that is selectively deposited on a specified surface, where it solidifies. Samples with different compositions are characterized to analyze their morphology, microstructure, constituent phases, mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and cytocompatibility. Laser-deposited Ti-Nb and Ti-Zr-Nb alloys show no relevant defects, such as pores or cracks. Titanium alloys with lower elastic modulus and a significantly higher hardness than Ti grade 2 were generated, therefore a better wear resistance could be expected from them. Moreover, their corrosion resistance is excellent due to the formation of a stable passive protective oxide film on the surface of the material; in addition, they also possess outstanding cytocompatibility.
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4
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Sidhu SS, Singh H, Gepreel MAH. A review on alloy design, biological response, and strengthening of β-titanium alloys as biomaterials. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 121:111661. [PMID: 33579432 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
From the past few years, developments of β-Ti alloys have been the subject of active research in the medical domain. The current paper highlights significant findings in the area of β-Ti alloy design, biological responses, strengthening mechanisms, and developing low-cost implants with a high degree of biocompatibility. It is evident that an astonishing demand for developing the low modulus-high strength implants can be fulfilled by synchronizing β stabilizer content and incorporating tailored thermo-mechanical techniques. Furthermore, the biological response of the implants is as important as the physical properties that regulate healing response; hence, the optimum selection of alloying elements plays a curial role for clinical success. The paper also presents the evolution of patents in this field from the year 2010 to 2020 showing the relevant innovations that may benefit a wide range of researchers.
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Wang C, Xu D, Li S, Yi C, Zhang X, He Y, Yu D. Effect of Pore Size on the Physicochemical Properties and Osteogenesis of Ti6Al4V Porous Scaffolds with Bionic Structure. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:28684-28692. [PMID: 33195921 PMCID: PMC7658928 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Ti6Al4V is widely used in implants in the fields of orthopedics and dentistry due to its high compressive strength and good biocompatibility. Nevertheless, Ti6Al4V has a certain degree of biological inertness and the elastic modulus of Ti6Al4V is much higher than the cortex and trabecular bone. In this study, we designed and printed a new type of pore size Ti6Al4V with like-trabecular structure scaffold (the pore size is 800/900/1000 μm, named P8/P9/P10, respectively) with electron beam melting (EBM). Its elastic modulus, compressive strength, and other physical and chemical properties, as well as cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation ability and in vitro biological properties were studied. The physical and chemical performance test results showed that as the pore size increased, the surface wettability increased and the elastic modulus decreased. As the pore size increased, F-actin and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) increased significantly, and osteogenesis-related genes including BMP2, OCN, RUNX2, and ALP were upregulated significantly. The reason may be that the components on the Ti6Al4V pore size may have an influence on intracellular signal conversion and then change the mode of cell proliferation and diffusion. In summary, the like-trabecular porous structure can effectively reduce the elastic modulus of metal materials, thereby avoiding stress concentration and promoting the adhesion and proliferation of osteoblasts. Porous materials with larger pores are more conducive to the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts. The irregular porous Ti6Al4V scaffold prepared by the EBM technology has good mechanical properties and the potential to promote adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of osteoblasts, and has the possibility of application in the field of implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Guanghua
School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, China
- Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510050, China
| | - Duoling Xu
- Guanghua
School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, China
- Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510050, China
| | - Shujun Li
- Institute
of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Chen Yi
- Guanghua
School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, China
- Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510050, China
| | - Xiliu Zhang
- Guanghua
School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, China
- Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510050, China
| | - Yi He
- Guanghua
School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, China
- Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510050, China
| | - Dongsheng Yu
- Guanghua
School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, China
- Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510050, China
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Titanium Scaffolds by Direct Ink Writing: Fabrication and Functionalization to Guide Osteoblast Behavior. METALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/met10091156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Titanium (Ti) and Ti alloys have been used for decades for bone prostheses due to its mechanical reliability and good biocompatibility. However, the high stiffness of Ti implants and the lack of bioactivity are pending issues that should be improved to minimize implant failure. The stress shielding effect, a result of the stiffness mismatch between titanium and bone, can be reduced by introducing a tailored structural porosity in the implant. In this work, porous titanium structures were produced by direct ink writing (DIW), using a new Ti ink formulation containing a thermosensitive hydrogel. A thermal treatment was optimized to ensure the complete elimination of the binder before the sintering process, in order to avoid contamination of the titanium structures. The samples were sintered in argon atmosphere at 1200 °C, 1300 °C or 1400 °C, resulting in total porosities ranging between 72.3% and 77.7%. A correlation was found between the total porosity and the elastic modulus of the scaffolds. The stiffness and yield strength were similar to those of cancellous bone. The functionalization of the scaffold surface with a cell adhesion fibronectin recombinant fragment resulted in enhanced adhesion and spreading of osteoblastic-like cells, together with increased alkaline phosphatase expression and mineralization.
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Wang S, Wu D, She H, Wu M, Shu D, Dong A, Lai H, Sun B. Design of high-ductile medium entropy alloys for dental implants. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 113:110959. [PMID: 32487381 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Developing new materials with high strength and ductility, low modulus and high biocompatibility is a continuing demand in the field of surgical implants. Inspired by the high-entropy design philosophy, two medium entropy alloys (MEAs), i.e. equiatomic TiZrHf and equi-weight Ti40Zr20Hf10Nb20Ta10 were designed and their mechanical properties and biocompatibility were assessed. Both the single-phase hexagonal close-packed (HCP) structured TiZrHf alloy and the single-phase body-centered cubic (BCC) structured Ti40Zr20Hf10Nb20Ta10 alloy show high strength-ductility combinations close to commercial Ti-6Al-4V wrought alloy and remarkably lower young's modulus than commercial pure titanium (CP-Ti) and Ti-6Al-4V. From the aspects of adhesion, proliferation, toxicity and related gene expression of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs), the Ti40Zr20Hf10Nb20Ta10 alloy exhibits distinctively better biocompatibility than that of CP-Ti while the TiZrHf shows only slightly better biocompatibility as compared with CP-Ti. These results indicate that these two ductile MEAs are potential candidates for dental application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubin Wang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Advanced High-temperature Materials and Precision Forming, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Dongle Wu
- Department of Dental Implantology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Huan She
- Shanghai Key Lab of Advanced High-temperature Materials and Precision Forming, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Department of Dental Implantology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Mingxu Wu
- Shanghai Key Lab of Advanced High-temperature Materials and Precision Forming, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Da Shu
- Shanghai Key Lab of Advanced High-temperature Materials and Precision Forming, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Anping Dong
- Shanghai Key Lab of Advanced High-temperature Materials and Precision Forming, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hongchang Lai
- Department of Dental Implantology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China.
| | - Baode Sun
- Shanghai Key Lab of Advanced High-temperature Materials and Precision Forming, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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8
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Kim KM, Kim HY, Miyazaki S. Effect of Zr Content on Phase Stability, Deformation Behavior, and Young's Modulus in Ti-Nb-Zr Alloys. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13020476. [PMID: 31963854 PMCID: PMC7014103 DOI: 10.3390/ma13020476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ti alloys have attracted continuing research attention as promising biomaterials due to their superior corrosion resistance and biocompatibility and excellent mechanical properties. Metastable β-type Ti alloys also provide several unique properties such as low Young’s modulus, shape memory effect, and superelasticity. Such unique properties are predominantly attributed to the phase stability and reversible martensitic transformation. In this study, the effects of the Nb and Zr contents on phase constitution, transformation temperature, deformation behavior, and Young’s modulus were investigated. Ti–Nb and Ti–Nb–Zr alloys over a wide composition range, i.e., Ti–(18–40)Nb, Ti–(15–40)Nb–4Zr, Ti–(16–40)Nb–8Zr, Ti–(15–40)Nb–12Zr, Ti–(12–17)Nb–18Zr, were fabricated and their properties were characterized. The phase boundary between the β phase and the α′′ martensite phase was clarified. The lower limit content of Nb to suppress the martensitic transformation and to obtain a single β phase at room temperature decreased with increasing Zr content. The Ti–25Nb, Ti–22Nb–4Zr, Ti–19Nb–8Zr, Ti–17Nb–12Zr and Ti–14Nb–18Zr alloys exhibit the lowest Young’s modulus among Ti–Nb–Zr alloys with Zr content of 0, 4, 8, 12, and 18 at.%, respectively. Particularly, the Ti–14Nb–18Zr alloy exhibits a very low Young’s modulus less than 40 GPa. Correlation among alloy composition, phase stability, and Young’s modulus was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyong Min Kim
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan;
| | - Hee Young Kim
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan;
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
- Correspondence: (H.Y.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Shuichi Miyazaki
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
- Foundation for Advancement of International Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0821, Japan
- Center of Advanced Innovation Technologies-VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (H.Y.K.); (S.M.)
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9
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Novel α + β Type Ti-Fe-Cu Alloys Containing Sn with Pertinent Mechanical Properties. METALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/met10010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rising demand for bone implants has led to the focus on future alternatives of alloys with better biocompatibility and mechanical strength. Thus, this research is dedicated to the synthesis and investigation of new compositions for low-alloyed Ti-based compounds, which conjoin relatively acceptable mechanical properties and low elastic moduli. In this regard, the structural and mechanical properties of α + β Ti-Fe-Cu-Sn alloys are described in the present paper. The alloys were fabricated by arc-melting and tilt-casting techniques which followed subsequent thermo-mechanical treatment aided by dual-axial forging and rolling procedures. The effect of the concentrations of the alloying elements, and other parameters, such as regimes of rolling and dual-axial forging operation, on the microstructure and mechanical properties were thoroughly investigated. The Ti94Fe1Cu1Sn4 alloy with the most promising mechanical properties was subjected to thermo-mechanical treatment. After a single rolling procedure at 750 °C, the alloy exhibited tensile strength and tensile plasticity of 1300 MPa and 6%, respectively, with an elastic modulus of 70 GPa. Such good tensile mechanical properties are explained by the optimal volume fraction balance between α and β phases and the texture alignment obtained, providing superior alternatives in comparison to pure α- titanium alloys.
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10
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On the Corrosion Behaviour of Low Modulus Titanium Alloys for Medical Implant Applications: A Review. METALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/met9080878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The corrosion behaviour of new generation titanium alloys (β-type with low modulus) for medical implant applications is of paramount importance due to their possible detrimental effects in the human body such as release of toxic metal ions and corrosion products. In spite of remarkable advances in improving the mechanical properties and reducing the elastic modulus, limited studies have been done on the electrochemical corrosion behaviour of various types of low modulus titanium alloys including the effect of different beta-stabilizer alloying elements. This development should aim for a good balance between mechanical properties, design features, metallurgical aspects and, importantly, corrosion resistance. In this article, we review several significant factors that can influence the corrosion resistance of new-generation titanium alloys such as fabrication process, body electrolyte properties, mechanical treatments, alloying composition, surface passive layer, and constituent phases. The essential factors and their critical features are discussed. The impact of various amounts of α and β phases in the microstructure, their interactions, and their dissolution rates on the surface passive layer and bulk corrosion behaviour are reviewed and discussed in detail. In addition, the importance of different corrosion types for various medical implant applications is addressed in order to specify the significance of every corrosion phenomenon in medical implants.
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Brizuela A, Herrero-Climent M, Rios-Carrasco E, Rios-Santos JV, Pérez RA, Manero JM, Gil Mur J. Influence of the Elastic Modulus on the Osseointegration of Dental Implants. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12060980. [PMID: 30934553 PMCID: PMC6472162 DOI: 10.3390/ma12060980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The load transfer from metallic prosthesis to tissue plays an important role in the success of a designed device. From a mechanical behavior point of view, the load transfer will be favored when the elastic modulus between the metallic implant and the bone tissue are similar. Titanium and Ti-6Al-4V are the most commonly used metals and alloys in the field of dental implants, although they present high elastic moduli and hence trigger bone resorption. We propose the use of low-modulus β-type titanium alloys that can improve the growth of new bone surrounding the implant. We designed dental implants with identical morphology and micro-roughness composed of: Ti-15Zr, Ti-19.1Nb-8.8Zr, Ti-41.2Nb-6.1Zr, and Ti-25Hf-25Ta. The commercially pure Ti cp and Ti-6Al-4V were used as control samples. The alloys were initially mechanically characterized with a tensile test using a universal testing machine. The results showed the lowest elastic modulus for the Ti-25Hf-25Ta alloy. We implanted a total of six implants in the mandible (3) and maxilla (3) for each titanium alloy in six minipigs and evaluated their bone index contact (i.e., the percentage of new bone in contact with the metal—BIC%) after 3 and 6 weeks of implantation. The results showed higher BIC% for the dental implants with lowest elastic modulus, showing the importance of decreasing the elastic modulus of alloys for the successful osseointegration of dental implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aritza Brizuela
- Department of Prosthodontics and Occlusion, School of Dentistry, University of Oviedo, 37006 Oviedo, Spain.
| | | | | | | | - Roman A Pérez
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jose Maria Manero
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), EEBE, 08019 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Javier Gil Mur
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Barcelona, Spain.
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Li X, Chen T, Hu J, Li S, Zou Q, Li Y, Jiang N, Li H, Li J. Modified surface morphology of a novel Ti–24Nb–4Zr–7.9Sn titanium alloy via anodic oxidation for enhanced interfacial biocompatibility and osseointegration. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 144:265-275. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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13
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Abstract
Mechanical loading is a potent anabolic regulator of bone mass, and the first line of defense for bone loss is weight-bearing exercise. Likewise, protected weight bearing is the first prescribed physical therapy following orthopedic reconstructive surgery. In both cases, enhancement of new bone formation is the goal. Our understanding of the physical cues, mechanisms of force sensation, and the subsequent cellular response will help identify novel physical and therapeutic treatments for age- and disuse-related bone loss, delayed- and nonunion fractures, and significant bony defects. This review highlights important new insights into the principles and mechanisms governing mechanical adaptation of the skeleton during homeostasis and repair and ends with a summary of clinical implications stemming from our current understanding of how bone adapts to biophysical force.
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Liang S, Feng X, Yin L, Liu X, Ma M, Liu R. Development of a new β Ti alloy with low modulus and favorable plasticity for implant material. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 61:338-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.12.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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15
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Bai Y, Deng Y, Zheng Y, Li Y, Zhang R, Lv Y, Zhao Q, Wei S. Characterization, corrosion behavior, cellular response and in vivo bone tissue compatibility of titanium-niobium alloy with low Young's modulus. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 59:565-576. [PMID: 26652409 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
β-Type titanium alloys with a low elastic modulus are a potential strategy to enhance bone remodeling and to mitigate the concern over the risks of osteanabrosis and bone resorption caused by stress shielding, when used to substitute irreversibly impaired hard tissue. Hence, in this study, a Ti-45Nb alloy with low Young's modulus and high strength was developed, and microstructure, mechanical properties, corrosion behaviors, cytocompatibility and in vivo osteo-compatibility of the alloy were systematically investigated for the first time. The results of mechanical tests showed that Young's modulus of the Ti-Nb alloy was reduced to about 64.3GPa (close to human cortical bone) accompanied with higher tensile strength and hardness compared with those of pure Ti. Importantly, the Ti-Nb alloy exhibited superior corrosion resistance to Ti in different solutions including SBF, MAS and FAAS (MAS containing NaF) media. In addition, the Ti-Nb alloy produced no deleterious effect to L929 and MG-63 cells, and cells performed excellent cell attachment onto Ti-Nb surface, indicating a good in vitro cytocompatibility. In vivo evaluations indicated that Ti-Nb had comparable bone tissue compatibility to Ti determined from micro-CT and histological evaluations. The Ti-Nb alloy with an elasticity close to human bone, thus, could be suitable for orthopedic/dental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Bai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Studies, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing 100081, China; Department of Stomatology, Aviation General Hospital of China Medical University and Beijing Institute of Translational Medicine, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yi Deng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Studies, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing 100081, China; Center for Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yunfei Zheng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Studies, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yongliang Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Studies, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ranran Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yalin Lv
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Aviation General Hospital of China Medical University and Beijing Institute of Translational Medicine, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Shicheng Wei
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Studies, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing 100081, China; Center for Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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16
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Liu Y, Li K, Luo T, Song M, Wu H, Xiao J, Tan Y, Cheng M, Chen B, Niu X, Hu R, Li X, Tang H. Powder metallurgical low-modulus Ti-Mg alloys for biomedical applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 56:241-50. [PMID: 26249586 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work, powder metallurgical (PM) Ti-Mg alloys were prepared using combined techniques of mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering. The alloys mainly consist of super saturations of Mg in Ti matrix, and some laminar structured Ti- and Mg-rich phases. The PM Ti-Mg alloys contain a homogeneous mixtures of nanocrystalline Mg and Ti phases. The novel microstructures result in unconventional mechanical and biological properties. It has been shown that the PM Ti-Mg alloys have a much lower compression modulus (36-50GPa) compared to other Ti alloys, but still remain a very high compressive strength (1500-1800MPa). In addition, the PM Ti-Mg alloys show good biocompatibility and bioactivity. Mg can dissolve in the simulated body fluids, and induce the formation of the calcium phosphate layer. The compression modulus of PM Ti-Mg alloys decreases with the amount of Mg, while the bioactivity increases. Although the corrosion resistance of Ti-Mg alloys decreases with the content of Mg, the alloys still show good stability in simulated body fluid under electrochemical conditions. The indirect and direct cytotoxicity results show that PM Ti-Mg alloys have a good biocompatibility to NIH-3T3 cells. Therefore, the PM Ti-Mg alloys are promising candidates in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China.
| | - Kaiyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Tao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Min Song
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Hong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China.
| | - Jian Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Yanni Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Ming Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Mechanical & Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Xinrui Niu
- Department of Mechanical & Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Rong Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Huiping Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Porous Metal Materials, Northwestern Institute of Nonferrous Metals Research, Xi'an 7100012, PR China
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17
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Herranz-Diez C, Gil FJ, Guillem-Marti J, Manero JM. Mechanical and physicochemical characterization along with biological interactions of a new Ti25Nb21Hf alloy for bone tissue engineering. J Biomater Appl 2015; 30:171-81. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328215577524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, one of the main challenges in metal implants for bone substitution is the achievement of an elastic modulus close to that of human cortical bone as well as to provide an adequate interaction with the surrounding tissue avoiding in vivo foreign body reaction. From this perspective, a new Ti-based alloy has been developed with Nb and Hf as alloying elements which are known as non-toxic and with good corrosion properties. The microstructure, mechanical behaviour and the physicochemical properties of this novel titanium alloy have been studied. Relationship of surface chemistry and surface electric charge with protein adsorption and cell adhesion has been evaluated due to its role for understanding the mechanism of biological interactions with tissues. The Ti25Nb21Hf alloy presented a lower elastic modulus than commercial alloys with a superior ultimate strength and yield strength than CP-Ti and very close to Ti6Al4V. It also exhibited good corrosion resistance. Furthermore, the results revealed that it had no cytotoxic effect on rat mesenchymal stem cells and allowed protein adsorption and cell adhesion. The experimental results make this alloy a promising material for bone substitution or for biomedical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Herranz-Diez
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - FJ Gil
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza, Spain
- Centre for Research in NanoEngineering (CRNE) – UPC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Guillem-Marti
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza, Spain
- Centre for Research in NanoEngineering (CRNE) – UPC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - JM Manero
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza, Spain
- Centre for Research in NanoEngineering (CRNE) – UPC, Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Nunome S, Kanetaka H, Kudo TA, Endoh K, Hosoda H, Igarashi K. In vitro evaluation of biocompatibility of Ti-Mo-Sn-Zr superelastic alloy. J Biomater Appl 2015; 30:119-30. [PMID: 25659946 DOI: 10.1177/0885328215569892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Shape memory alloys (SMAs) including superelastic alloys have unique properties such as shape memory and superelasticity, thus they are recognized as very useful biomaterials. These properties are very advantageous for medical use, and actually the SMA wires have been widely used in medical field. However, biocompatibility of nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) alloy, which is the only practical SMA at present, has been questioned because of its high nickel content. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of a newly developed Ni-free Ti-based SMA for medical use. The newly developed SMA made of Ti-Mo-Sn-Zr system was processed into a disk of 15.1 mm in diameter. Pure titanium of the same shape was prepared as control. All the disk surfaces were polished using emery papers, #120, #400, and #600. Scanning electron microscopy and a 3D optics profiler were used to evaluate the surface of the materials. In vitro evaluations included colony examination for evaluation of the cell cytotoxicity, DNA quantification for the cell proliferation, Alamar blue assay for metabolic activity, FDA staining for the live cell imaging, and cell cycle analysis, using Chinese hamster fibroblastic V-79 cells and mouse osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. In colony examination and DNA quantification, there was no significant difference between the Ti-Mo-Sn-Zr and the pure titanium. In FDA staining, cultured cells on the Ti-Mo-Sn-Zr alloy showed the same biocompatibility as those on the pure titanium. The present results suggest that the newly developed Ti-Mo-Sn-Zr alloy showed the high biocompatibility comparable to pure titanium and can be used as efficient biomaterial for medical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Nunome
- Division of Oral Dysfunction Science, Graduate School of Density, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Kanetaka
- Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry, Graduate School of Density, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan Division Biomedical Engineering for Diagnosis and Treatment, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tada-aki Kudo
- Division of Oral Physiology, Graduate School of Density, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazuki Endoh
- Precision and Intelligence Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hideki Hosoda
- Precision and Intelligence Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kaoru Igarashi
- Division of Oral Dysfunction Science, Graduate School of Density, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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