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Bhattacharya A, Alam K, Roy NS, Kaur K, Kaity S, Ravichandiran V, Roy S. Exploring the interaction between extracellular matrix components in a 3D organoid disease model to replicate the pathophysiology of breast cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:343. [PMID: 38102637 PMCID: PMC10724947 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02926-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro models are necessary to study the pathophysiology of the disease and the development of effective, tailored treatment methods owing to the complexity and heterogeneity of breast cancer and the large population affected by it. The cellular connections and tumor microenvironments observed in vivo are often not recapitulated in conventional two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures. Therefore, developing 3D in vitro models that mimic the complex architecture and physiological circumstances of breast tumors is crucial for advancing our understanding of the illness. A 3D scaffold-free in vitro disease model mimics breast cancer pathophysiology by allowing cells to self-assemble/pattern into 3D structures, in contrast with other 3D models that rely on artificial scaffolds. It is possible that this model, whether applied to breast tumors using patient-derived primary cells (fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and cancer cells), can accurately replicate the observed heterogeneity. The complicated interactions between different cell types are modelled by integrating critical components of the tumor microenvironment, such as the extracellular matrix, vascular endothelial cells, and tumor growth factors. Tissue interactions, immune cell infiltration, and the effects of the milieu on drug resistance can be studied using this scaffold-free 3D model. The scaffold-free 3D in vitro disease model for mimicking tumor pathophysiology in breast cancer is a useful tool for studying the molecular basis of the disease, identifying new therapeutic targets, and evaluating treatment modalities. It provides a more physiologically appropriate high-throughput platform for screening large compound library in a 96-384 well format. We critically discussed the rapid development of personalized treatment strategies and accelerated drug screening platforms to close the gap between traditional 2D cell culture and in vivo investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamitra Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700054, India
| | - Kamare Alam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700054, India
| | - Nakka Sharmila Roy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700054, India
| | - Kulwinder Kaur
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine a Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy & Regenerative Medicine, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Santanu Kaity
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700054, India
| | - Velayutham Ravichandiran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700054, India
| | - Subhadeep Roy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700054, India.
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Three-Dimensional Culture of Rhipicephalus ( Boophilus) microplus BmVIII-SCC Cells on Multiple Synthetic Scaffold Systems and in Rotating Bioreactors. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12080747. [PMID: 34442313 PMCID: PMC8396921 DOI: 10.3390/insects12080747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tick cell culture facilitates research on the biology of ticks and their role as vectors of pathogens that affect humans, domestic animals, and wildlife. Because two-dimensional cell culture doesn't promote the development of multicellular tissue-like composites, we hypothesized that culturing tick cells in a three-dimensional (3-D) configuration would form spheroids or tissue-like organoids. In this study, the cell line BmVIII-SCC obtained from the cattle fever tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini, 1888), was cultured in different synthetic scaffold systems. Growth of the tick cells on macrogelatinous beads in rotating continuous culture system bioreactors enabled cellular attachment, organization, and development into spheroid-like aggregates, with evidence of tight cellular junctions between adjacent cells and secretion of an extracellular matrix. At least three cell morphologies were identified within the aggregates: fibroblast-like cells, small endothelial-like cells, and larger cells exhibiting multiple cytoplasmic endosomes and granular vesicles. These observations suggest that BmVIII-SCC cells adapted to 3-D culture retain pluripotency. Additional studies involving genomic analyses are needed to determine if BmVIII-SCC cells in 3-D culture mimic tick organs. Applications of 3-D culture to cattle fever tick research are discussed.
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Chakraborty J, Ghosh S. Cellular Proliferation, Self-Assembly, and Modulation of Signaling Pathways in Silk Fibroin Gelatin-Based 3D Bioprinted Constructs. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:8309-8320. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juhi Chakraborty
- Department of Textile and Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Sourabh Ghosh
- Department of Textile and Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
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McCorry MC, Kim J, Springer NL, Sandy J, Plaas A, Bonassar LJ. Regulation of proteoglycan production by varying glucose concentrations controls fiber formation in tissue engineered menisci. Acta Biomater 2019; 100:173-183. [PMID: 31546030 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fibrillar collagens are highly prevalent in the extracellular matrix of all connective tissues and therefore commonly used as a biomaterial in tissue engineering applications. In the native environment, collagen fibers are arranged in a complex hierarchical structure that is often difficult to recreate in a tissue engineered construct. Small leucine rich proteoglycans as well as hyaluronan binding proteoglycans, aggrecan and versican, have been implicated in regulating fiber formation. In this study, we modified proteoglycan production in vitro by altering culture medium glucose concentrations (4500, 1000, 500, 250, and 125 mg/L), and evaluated its effect on the formation of collagen fibers inside tissue engineered meniscal constructs. Reduction of extracellular glucose resulted in a dose dependent decrease in total sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production, but minimal decreases of decorin and biglycan. However, fibromodulin doubled in production between 125 and 4500 mg/L glucose concentration. A peak in fiber formation was observed at 500 mg/L glucose concentration and corresponded with reductions in total GAG production. Fiber formation reduction at 125 and 250 mg/L glucose concentrations are likely due to changes in metabolic activity associated with a limited supply of glucose. These results point to proteoglycan production as a means to manipulate fiber architecture in tissue engineered constructs. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Fibrillar collagens are highly prevalent in the extracellular matrix of all connective tissues; however achieving appropriate assembly and organization of collagen fibers in engineered connective tissues is a persistent challenge. Proteoglycans have been implicated in regulating collagen fiber organization both in vivo and in vitro, however little is known about methods to control proteoglycan production and the subsequent fiber organization in tissue engineered menisci. Here, we show that media glucose content can be optimized to control proteoglycan production and collagen fiber assembly, with optimal collagen fiber assembly occurring at sub-physiologic levels of glucose.
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Direct 3D bioprinted full-thickness skin constructs recapitulate regulatory signaling pathways and physiology of human skin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bprint.2019.e00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Sharma A, Desando G, Petretta M, Chawla S, Bartolotti I, Manferdini C, Paolella F, Gabusi E, Trucco D, Ghosh S, Lisignoli G. Investigating the Role of Sustained Calcium Release in Silk-Gelatin-Based Three-Dimensional Bioprinted Constructs for Enhancing the Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:1518-1533. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aarushi Sharma
- Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Department of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Giovanna Desando
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratorio RAMSES, Bologna 40136, Italy
| | - Mauro Petretta
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratorio RAMSES, Bologna 40136, Italy
- RegenHu Ltd, Villaz St. Pierre CH-1690, Switzerland
| | - Shikha Chawla
- Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Department of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110016, India
| | | | - Cristina Manferdini
- Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna 40136, Italy
| | - Francesca Paolella
- Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna 40136, Italy
| | - Elena Gabusi
- Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna 40136, Italy
| | - Diego Trucco
- Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna 40136, Italy
| | - Sourabh Ghosh
- Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Department of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Gina Lisignoli
- Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna 40136, Italy
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Gupta AC, Chawla S, Hegde A, Singh D, Bandyopadhyay B, Lakshmanan CC, Kalsi G, Ghosh S. Establishment of an in vitro organoid model of dermal papilla of human hair follicle. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:9015-9030. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishak C. Gupta
- Department of Textile Technology, Regenerative Engineering Laboratory Indian Institute of Technology Delhi India
| | - Shikha Chawla
- Department of Textile Technology, Regenerative Engineering Laboratory Indian Institute of Technology Delhi India
| | - Ashok Hegde
- ITC Life Sciences and Technology Centre, ITC Ltd. Bangalore India
| | - Divya Singh
- Department of Textile Technology, Regenerative Engineering Laboratory Indian Institute of Technology Delhi India
| | | | | | - Gurpreet Kalsi
- ITC Life Sciences and Technology Centre, ITC Ltd. Bangalore India
| | - Sourabh Ghosh
- Department of Textile Technology, Regenerative Engineering Laboratory Indian Institute of Technology Delhi India
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Chawla S, Ghosh S. Regulation of fibrotic changes by the synergistic effects of cytokines, dimensionality and matrix: Towards the development of an in vitro human dermal hypertrophic scar model. Acta Biomater 2018; 69:131-145. [PMID: 29330036 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Current therapeutic strategies to reduce scarring in full thickness skin defect offer limited success due to poor understanding of scar tissue formation and the underlying signaling pathways. There is an urgent need to develop human cell based in vitro scar tissue models as animal testing is associated with ethical and logistic complications and inter-species variations. Pro-inflammatory cytokines play critical role in regulating scar development through complex interplay and interaction with the ECM and corresponding signaling pathways. In this context, we assessed the responses of cultured fibroblasts with respect to their differentiation into myofibroblasts using optimised cytokines (TGF-β1, IL-6 and IL-8) for scar formation in 2D (tissue culture plate, collagen type I coated plate) vs 3D collagen type I gel based constructs. We attempted to deduce the role of dimensionality of cell culture matrix in modulating differentiation, function and phenotype of cultured fibroblasts. Validation of the developed model showed similarity to etiology and pathophysiology of in vivo hypertrophic scar with respect to several features: 1) transition of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts with convincing expression of α-SMA stress fibers; 2) contraction; 3) excessive collagen and fibronectin secretion; 4) expression of fibrotic ECM proteins (SPARC and Tenascin); 5) low MMP secretion. Most importantly, we elucidated the involvement of TGF-β/SMAD and Wnt/β-catenin pathways in developing in vitro dermal scar. Hence, this relatively simple in vitro human scar tissue equivalent may serve as an alternative for testing and designing of novel therapeutics and help in extending our understanding of the complex interplay of cytokines and related dermal scar specific signaling. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Scarring of the skin affects almost millions of people per year in the developed world alone, nevertheless the complex pathophysiology and the precise signaling mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon of skin scarring are still unknown. A number of anti-scar drugs are being developed and being tested on animals and monolayer models. However, testing the efficacy of these drugs on lab based 3D in vitro models may prove extremely useful in recapitulating the 3D microenvironment of the native scar tissue. In that context in this study we have demonstrated the development of 3D in vitro dermal scar model, by optimizing a constellation of factors, such as combination of cytokines (TGF-β1,IL-6,IL-8) and cellular dimensionality in inducing the differentiation of dermal fibroblasts to myofibroblasts. This in vitro scar model was successful in replicating hallmark features of hypertrophic scar such as excessive synthesis of fibrotic extracellular matrix, perturbed matrix homeostasis, contraction, diminished MMP synthesis. The study also highlighted significant involvement of TGF-β/SMAD and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways in in vitro scar formation.
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Chawla S, Kumar A, Admane P, Bandyopadhyay A, Ghosh S. Elucidating role of silk-gelatin bioink to recapitulate articular cartilage differentiation in 3D bioprinted constructs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bprint.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Chawla S, Ghosh S. Establishment of in vitro model of corneal scar pathophysiology. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:3817-3830. [PMID: 28657193 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Corneal scarring is the major source of permanent blindness worldwide. The complex pathophysiology of corneal scarring is not comprehensibly understood as it involves the interaction of a constellation of pro-fibrotic cytokines influencing several signaling pathways involved in corneal scar development. In the present study, an attempt has been made to generate a relatively simple in vitro corneal scar model using primary corneal keratocytes by exogenously providing an optimized dose of combination of cytokines (TGF-β1, IL-6, and IL-8) involved in scar formation in situ. Data obtained from gene and protein expression analysis depicted enhanced ECM production with discrete expression of myofibroblast specific markers. The protein-protein interactions associated these proteins to various pathways involved in wound healing, cellular migration, and cytoskeletal remodeling justifying high relevance to in vivo scar formation. Hence the developed model can be used to acquire understanding about corneal scar pathophysiology and thus might be useful for designing the treatment modalities and efficacies for controlling scar formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Chawla
- Department of Textile Technology, IIT Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Sourabh Ghosh
- Department of Textile Technology, IIT Delhi, New Delhi, India
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Wu RX, Yin Y, He XT, Li X, Chen FM. Engineering a Cell Home for Stem Cell Homing and Accommodation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 1:e1700004. [PMID: 32646164 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201700004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Distilling complexity to advance regenerative medicine from laboratory animals to humans, in situ regeneration will continue to evolve using biomaterial strategies to drive endogenous cells within the human body for therapeutic purposes; this approach avoids the need for delivering ex vivo-expanded cellular materials. Ensuring the recruitment of a significant number of reparative cells from an endogenous source to the site of interest is the first step toward achieving success. Subsequently, making the "cell home" cell-friendly by recapitulating the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) in terms of its chemistry, structure, dynamics, and function, and targeting specific aspects of the native stem cell niche (e.g., cell-ECM and cell-cell interactions) to program and steer the fates of those recruited stem cells play equally crucial roles in yielding a therapeutically regenerative solution. This review addresses the key aspects of material-guided cell homing and the engineering of novel biomaterials with desirable ECM composition, surface topography, biochemistry, and mechanical properties that can present both biochemical and physical cues required for in situ tissue regeneration. This growing body of knowledge will likely become a design basis for the development of regenerative biomaterials for, but not limited to, future in situ tissue engineering and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Xin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P. R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P. R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Tao He
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P. R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P. R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Fa-Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P. R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
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Hardman JA. Skin equivalents for studying the secrets of skin: from development to disease. Br J Dermatol 2015; 173:320-1. [PMID: 26346075 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J A Hardman
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Centre for Dermatology Research, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K.
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