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Korek EM, Teotia R, Herbig D, Brederlow R. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy for Ion Sensors with Interdigitated Electrodes: Capacitance Calculations, Equivalent Circuit Models and Design Optimizations. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:241. [PMID: 38785715 PMCID: PMC11117819 DOI: 10.3390/bios14050241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is becoming more and more relevant for the characterization of biosensors employing interdigitated electrodes. We compare four different sensor topologies for an exemplary use case of ion sensing to extract recommendations for the design optimizations of impedimetric biosensors. Therefore, we first extract how sensor design parameters affect the sensor capacitance using analytical calculations and finite element (FEM) simulations. Moreover, we develop equivalent circuit models for our sensor topologies and validate them using FEM simulations. As a result, the impedimetric sensor response is better understood, and sensitive and selective frequency ranges can be determined for a given sensor topology. From this, we extract design optimizations for different sensing principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Korek
- School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany (D.H.); (R.B.)
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2
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Aptamer-functionalized capacitive biosensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 224:115014. [PMID: 36628826 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.115014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The growing use of aptamers as target recognition elements in label-free biosensing necessitates corresponding transducers that can be used in relevant environments. While popular in many fields, capacitive sensors have seen relatively little, but growing use in conjunction with aptamers for sensing diverse targets. Few reports have shown physiologically relevant sensitivity in laboratory conditions and a cohesive picture on how target capture modifies the measured capacitance has been lacking. In this review, we assess the current state of the field in three areas: small molecule, protein, and cell sensing. We critically analyze the proposed hypotheses on how aptamer-target capture modifies the capacitance, as many mechanistic postulations appear to conflict between published works. As the field matures, we encourage future works to investigate individual aptamer-target interactions and to interrogate the physical mechanisms leading to measured changes in capacitance. To this point, we provide recommendations on best practices for developing aptasensors with a particular focus on considerations for biosensing in clinical settings.
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3
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Nadri S, Habib Kazemi S, Nazari L. A novel electrochemical biosensor based on the electrospun nanofibrous nanocomposites of PCL-PPy-MWCNT towards determination of TNF-α biomarker. J Solid State Electrochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-022-05179-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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4
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Salehan P, Ensafi AA, Mousaabadi KZ, Ghasemi JB, Aghaee E, Rezaei B. A theoretical and experimental study of polyaniline/GCE and DNA G-quadruplex conformation as an impedimetric biosensor for the determination of potassium ions. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 292:133460. [PMID: 34971631 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
An electrochemical aptasensor has been developed to determine K+ using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The polyaniline (PANI) coating was first electrodeposited on a GCE. Then, the potassium-selective aptamer [G3(T2AG3)3] was adsorbed through an electrostatic force between PANI and aptamer. In the presence of K+, the single-stranded DNA is folded into the G-quadruplex configuration, which acts as a barrier against electron transfer at the GCE surface. AFM and FE-SEM images characterize the surface morphology at each fabrication stage. As the K+ concentration increased, the charge transfer resistance (Rct) increased, and the plot of ΔRct versus the logarithm of the K+ concentration is linear over a wide range of 10 pM-60 μM with a low detection limit of 3.7 pM. Finally, the proposed sensor was used to determine K+ in water, serum, urine, and fruit samples. Moreover, the binding stability of the aptamer/PANI and K+/Aptamer/PANI and the interactions between the aptamer and PANI were analyzed through molecular dynamics simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Salehan
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Ali A Ensafi
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran; Adjunct Professor, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA.
| | - K Zarean Mousaabadi
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Jahan B Ghasemi
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - E Aghaee
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - B Rezaei
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran.
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5
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Shao W, Shurin GV, He X, Zeng Z, Shurin MR, Star A. Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak Detection with a Carbon Nanotube-Based Field-Effect Transistor Biosensing Platform. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:1684-1691. [PMID: 34932323 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c19120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage may lead to life-threatening complications if not detected promptly. However, gel electrophoresis, the gold-standard test for confirming CSF leakage by detecting beta2-transferrin (β2-Tf), requires 3-6 h and is labor-intensive. We developed a new β2-Tf detection platform for rapid identification of CSF leakage. The three-step design, which includes two steps of affinity chromatography and a rapid sensing step using a semiconductor-enriched single-walled carbon nanotube field-effect transistor (FET) sensor, circumvented the lack of selectivity that antitransferrin antibody exhibits for transferrin isoforms and markedly shortened the detection time. Furthermore, three different sensing configurations for the FET sensor were investigated for obtaining the optimal β2-Tf sensing results. Finally, body fluid (CSF and serum) tests employing our three-step strategy demonstrated high sensitivity, suggesting its potential to be used as a rapid diagnostic tool for CSF leakage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Shao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Galina V Shurin
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Xiaoyun He
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Zidao Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Michael R Shurin
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Alexander Star
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
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6
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Tasić N, Cavalcante L, Deffune E, Góes MS, Paixão TR, Gonçalves LM. Probeless and label-free impedimetric biosensing of D-dimer using gold nanoparticles conjugated with dihexadecylphosphate on screen-printed carbon electrodes. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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7
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Lectin bioreceptor approach in capacitive biosensor for prostate-specific membrane antigen detection in diagnosing prostate cancer. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Ziółkowski R, Jarczewska M, Górski Ł, Malinowska E. From Small Molecules Toward Whole Cells Detection: Application of Electrochemical Aptasensors in Modern Medical Diagnostics. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:724. [PMID: 33494499 PMCID: PMC7866209 DOI: 10.3390/s21030724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper focuses on the current state of art as well as on future trends in electrochemical aptasensors application in medical diagnostics. The origin of aptamers is presented along with the description of the process known as SELEX. This is followed by the description of the broad spectrum of aptamer-based sensors for the electrochemical detection of various diagnostically relevant analytes, including metal cations, abused drugs, neurotransmitters, cancer, cardiac and coagulation biomarkers, circulating tumor cells, and viruses. We described also possible future perspectives of aptasensors development. This concerns (i) the approaches to lowering the detection limit and improvement of the electrochemical aptasensors selectivity by application of the hybrid aptamer-antibody receptor layers and/or nanomaterials; and (ii) electrochemical aptasensors integration with more advanced microfluidic devices as user-friendly medical instruments for medical diagnostic of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Ziółkowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (M.J.); (Ł.G.)
| | - Marta Jarczewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (M.J.); (Ł.G.)
| | - Łukasz Górski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (M.J.); (Ł.G.)
| | - Elżbieta Malinowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (M.J.); (Ł.G.)
- Center for Advanced Materials and Technologies, Warsaw University of Technology, Poleczki 19, 02-822 Warsaw, Poland
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DuToit M, Ngaboyamahina E, Wiesner M. Pairing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy with conducting membranes for the in situ characterization of membrane fouling. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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10
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Panahi Z, Merrill MA, Halpern JM. Reusable Cyclodextrin-Based Electrochemical Platform for Detection of trans-Resveratrol. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2020; 2:5086-5093. [PMID: 34651131 PMCID: PMC8513772 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.0c00866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A reusable sensor architecture, through the combination of self-assembled monolayers and cyclodextrin supramolecular interactions, is demonstrated for class recognition of hydrophobic analytes demonstrated with trans-resveratrol. The reloadable sensor is based on reversible immobilization of α-cyclodextrin on polyethylene glycol surface. α-cyclodextrins complexes with polyethylene glycols and causes the polymer chains to change their surface configuration. The reproducibility and stability of the sur-face, in the detection of nanomolar concentrations of trans-resveratrol, can be demonstrated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. We propose that during sensor operation, α-cyclodextrin decouples from the poly-ethylene glycol surface to complex with trans-resveratrol in solution, and after use, the surface regeneration is conducted with a simple α-cyclodextrin soak. To test the nonspecific response, the sensor was also tested with trans-resveratrol spiked human urine.
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11
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3D nanoporous hybrid nanoflower for enhanced non-faradaic redox-free electrochemical impedimetric biodetermination. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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12
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Heydari M, Gholoobi A, Ranjbar G, Rahbar N, Sany SBT, Mobarhan MG, Ferns GA, Rezayi M. Aptamers as potential recognition elements for detection of vitamins and minerals: a systematic and critical review. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2019; 57:126-144. [PMID: 31680587 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2019.1678566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: Vitamin and mineral deficiencies are prevalent globally, and extensive efforts have been made to assess their status. Most traditional methods are expensive and time-consuming; therefore, developments of rapid, simple, specific, and sensitive methods for the assessment of vitamins and minerals in biological samples are of high importance in research. Aptamers are synthetic nucleic acid single-stranded DNA or RNA that can be synthesized in vitro. They can be engineered to be analyte-specific and have been suggested as a substitute for monoclonal antibodies, due to their high sensitivity and affinity. In addition, aptamers can be chemically synthesized and readily modified for use as biosensors. These features make aptamers a promising tool for the detection of biological analytes. In this review, we provide an overview of the potential use of aptamer-based biosensors.Methods: Search terms were conducted on several online databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct from January 2000 to August 2019. Eligibility criteria were used and quality evaluation was performed. Following the review of 4349 articles, 39 articles met the inclusion criteria.Results: Aptasensors have recently been developed for the detection of vitamins by using optical methods, with a detection range from 74 pM to 204 pM, and lower limit of detection of 2.4 pM. Both electrochemical and optical methods have been used for detection of minerals, however electrochemical methods show a wider linear range and lower detection limits compared to optical methods with a wide linear range from 0.2 fM to 1.0 mM and limit of detection of 14.7 fM.Conclusion: The current report reviews recent developments in aptamer-based biosensors for detection of vitamins and minerals. Studies have shown that aptasensors' properties are suitable for the quantification of vitamins and minerals with high sensitivity, affinity, and specificity. Nevertheless, the limitations and future directions of aptamers require further research and new technological innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Heydari
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Aida Gholoobi
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Golnaz Ranjbar
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nadereh Rahbar
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Medicinal Chemistry Departments, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Belin Tavakoly Sany
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Ghayour Mobarhan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Division of Medical Education, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - Majid Rezayi
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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13
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Khadka R, Aydemir N, Carraher C, Hamiaux C, Baek P, Cheema J, Kralicek A, Travas‐Sejdic J. Investigating Electrochemical Stability and Reliability of Gold Electrode‐electrolyte Systems to Develop Bioelectronic Nose Using Insect Olfactory Receptor. ELECTROANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201800733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Khadka
- Polymer Electronic Research Centre, School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Kelburn Parade Wellington 6140 New Zealand
| | - Nihan Aydemir
- Polymer Electronic Research Centre, School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Kelburn Parade Wellington 6140 New Zealand
| | - Colm Carraher
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited Private Bag 92169 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - Cyril Hamiaux
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited Private Bag 92169 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - Paul Baek
- Polymer Electronic Research Centre, School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Kelburn Parade Wellington 6140 New Zealand
| | - Jamal Cheema
- Polymer Electronic Research Centre, School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Kelburn Parade Wellington 6140 New Zealand
| | - Andrew Kralicek
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited Private Bag 92169 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - Jadranka Travas‐Sejdic
- Polymer Electronic Research Centre, School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Kelburn Parade Wellington 6140 New Zealand
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Jagannath B, Muthukumar S, Prasad S. Electrical double layer modulation of hybrid room temperature ionic liquid/aqueous buffer interface for enhanced sweat based biosensing. Anal Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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15
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Muñoz J, Montes R, Baeza M. Trends in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy involving nanocomposite transducers: Characterization, architecture surface and bio-sensing. Trends Analyt Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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16
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Liu J, Chisti MM, Zeng X. General Signal Amplification Strategy for Nonfaradic Impedimetric Sensing: Trastuzumab Detection Employing a Peptide Immunosensor. Anal Chem 2017; 89:4013-4020. [PMID: 28256130 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A label-free and reagent-free peptide mimotope capacitive biosensor has been developed for cancer drug (trastuzumab) quantification based on nonfaradic readout. The low sensitivity issue of capacitive biosensors was overcome with two innovations: peptide mimotope mixed self-assembled monolayer (SAM) biointerface and dilution of the analysis buffer. Signal amplification was achieved through dilution of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) to tune Cdl to dominate the overall capacitance change upon target binding, which contribution is often negligible without dilution. After 1000× dilution, the limit of detection was lowered 500-fold (0.22 μg/mL) and the sensitivity was increased 20-fold [0.04192 (μg/mL)-1] in comparison with undiluted PBS. The proposed signal amplification strategy is more straightforward and practical compared to biorecognition element engineering and other strategies. The proposed method was further applied to planar electrodes for optimizing sensing response time to less than 1 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University , Rochester, Michigan 48309, United States
| | | | - Xiangqun Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University , Rochester, Michigan 48309, United States
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Su H, Ruan W, Ye S, Liu Y, Sui H, Li Z, Sun X, He C, Zhao B. Detection of physiological potassium ions level in human serum by Raman scattering spectroscopy. Talanta 2016; 161:743-747. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Porous graphene oxide nanostructure as an excellent scaffold for label-free electrochemical biosensor: Detection of cardiac troponin I. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 69:447-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Tello A, Cao R, Marchant MJ, Gomez H. Conformational Changes of Enzymes and Aptamers Immobilized on Electrodes. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:2581-2591. [PMID: 27748603 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Conformation constitutes a vital property of biomolecules, especially in the cases of enzymes and aptamers, and is essential in defining their molecular recognition ability. When biomolecules are immobilized on electrode surfaces, it is very important to have a control on all the possible conformational changes that may occur, either upon the recognition of their targets or by undesired alterations. Both enzymes and aptamers immobilized on electrodes are susceptible to conformational changes as a response to the nature of the charge of the surface and of the surrounding environment (pH, temperature, ionic strength, etc.). The main goal of this review is to analyze how the conformational changes of enzymes and aptamers immobilized on electrode surfaces have been treated in reports on biosensors and biofuel cells. This topic was selected due to insufficient information found on the actual conformational changes involved in the function of these bioelectrochemical devices despite its importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Tello
- Universidad Andres Bello , Bionanotechnology and Microbiology Lab, Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology (CBIB), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, República 239, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto Cao
- Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso , Avenida Universidad 330, Curauma, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - María José Marchant
- Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso , Avenida Universidad 330, Curauma, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Humberto Gomez
- Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso , Avenida Universidad 330, Curauma, Valparaíso, Chile
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A novel EIS field effect structures coated with TESUD-PPy-PVC-dibromoaza[7]helicene matrix for potassium ions detection. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 61:608-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.12.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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