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Meirelles LMA, Barbosa RDM, Sanchez-Espejo R, García-Villén F, Perioli L, Viseras C, Moura TFADLE, Raffin FN. Investigation into Brazilian Palygorskite for Its Potential Use as Pharmaceutical Excipient: Perspectives and Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4962. [PMID: 37512238 PMCID: PMC10381531 DOI: 10.3390/ma16144962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Palygorskite is an aluminum and magnesium silicate characterized by its fibrous morphology, providing it with great versatility in industrial applications, including pharmaceuticals. Although most of the reserves are in the United States, in recent years occurrences of commercially exploited deposits in Brazil have been recorded, mainly in the country's northeast region. This has motivated this study, which analyzes raw Brazilian palygorskite compared to a commercial sample (Pharmasorb® colloidal) to demonstrate its pharmaceutical potential. The chemical and mineral composition of the samples were evaluated for surface properties, granulometry, morphology, crystallography, thermal analysis, and spectroscopy. Raw palygorskite presented 67% purity, against 74% for Pharmasorb® colloidal. The percentage purity relates to the presence of contaminants, mainly carbonates and quartz (harmless under conventional conditions of pharmaceutical use). Furthermore, it was possible to confirm the chemical composition of these phyllosilicates, formed primarily of silicon, aluminum, and magnesium oxides. The crystallographic and spectroscopic profiles were consistent in both samples, showing characteristic peaks for palygorskite (2θ = 8.3°) and bands attributed to fibrous phyllosilicates below 1200 cm-1, respectively. The thermal analysis allowed the identification of the main events of palygorskite, with slight differences between the evaluated samples: loss of water adsorbed onto the surface (~85 °C), removal of water contained in the channels (~200 °C), coordinated water loss (~475 °C), and, finally, the dehydroxylation (>620 °C). The physicochemical characteristics of raw palygorskite align with pharmacopeial specifications, exhibiting a high specific surface area (122 m2/g), moderately negative charge (-13.1 mV), and compliance with the required limits for heavy metals and arsenic. These favorable technical attributes indicate promising prospects for its use as a pharmaceutical ingredient in the production of medicines and cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyghia Maria Araújo Meirelles
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, R. Gen. Gustavo Cordeiro de Faria, s/n-Petrópolis, Natal 59012-570, Brazil
| | - Raquel de Melo Barbosa
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, R. Gen. Gustavo Cordeiro de Faria, s/n-Petrópolis, Natal 59012-570, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Rita Sanchez-Espejo
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Fátima García-Villén
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Luana Perioli
- Department of Pharmaceutic Science, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - César Viseras
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Andalusian Institute of Earth Sciences, CSIC-University of Granada, Av. de Las Palmeras 4, 18100 Armilla, Spain
| | | | - Fernanda Nervo Raffin
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, R. Gen. Gustavo Cordeiro de Faria, s/n-Petrópolis, Natal 59012-570, Brazil
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Meirelles LMA, de Melo Barbosa R, de Almeida Júnior RF, Machado PRL, Perioli L, Viseras C, Raffin FN. Biocomposite for Prolonged Release of Water-Soluble Drugs. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1722. [PMID: 37376170 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to develop a prolonged-release system based on palygorskite and chitosan, which are natural ingredients widely available, affordable, and accessible. The chosen model drug was ethambutol (ETB), a tuberculostatic drug with high aqueous solubility and hygroscopicity, which is incompatible with other drugs used in tuberculosis therapy. The composites loaded with ETB were obtained using different proportions of palygorskite and chitosan through the spray drying technique. The main physicochemical properties of the microparticles were determined using XRD, FTIR, thermal analysis, and SEM. Additionally, the release profile and biocompatibility of the microparticles were evaluated. As a result, the chitosan-palygorskite composites loaded with the model drug appeared as spherical microparticles. The drug underwent amorphization within the microparticles, with an encapsulation efficiency greater than 84%. Furthermore, the microparticles exhibited prolonged release, particularly after the addition of palygorskite. They demonstrated biocompatibility in an in vitro model, and their release profile was influenced by the proportion of inputs in the formulation. Therefore, incorporating ETB into this system offers improved stability for the administered product in the initial tuberculosis pharmacotherapy dose, minimizing its contact with other tuberculostatic agents in the treatment, as well as reducing its hygroscopicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyghia M A Meirelles
- Laboratory of Drug Development, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil
| | - Raquel de Melo Barbosa
- Laboratory of Drug Development, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus de Cartuja s/n, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | | | - Paula Renata Lima Machado
- Immunology Laboratory, Pharmacy Faculty, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59010-180, Brazil
| | - Luana Perioli
- Department of Pharmaceutic Science, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - César Viseras
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus de Cartuja s/n, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Andalusian Institute of Earth Sciences, CSIC-University of Granada, Av. de Las Palmeras 4, 18100 Armilla, Spain
| | - Fernanda Nervo Raffin
- Laboratory of Drug Development, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil
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Cui M, Fang Z, Song M, Zhou T, Wang Y, Liu K. Phragmites rhizoma polysaccharide-based nanocarriers for synergistic treatment of ulcerative colitis. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 220:22-32. [PMID: 35932810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to construct Phragmites rhizoma polysaccharide-based nano-drug delivery systems (PRP2-SeNPs-H/Aza-Lips) for synergistically alleviating ulcerative colitis and to investigate the important roles of Phragmites rhizoma polysaccharide-based nanocarriers in PRP2-SeNPs-H/Aza-Lips. Phragmites rhizoma polysaccharide (PRP2) was isolated and used for the preparation of Phragmites rhizoma polysaccharide selenium nanoparticles with low selenium content (PRP2-SeNPs-L) and high selenium content (PRP2-SeNPs-H). Based on the electrostatic attraction between PRP2-SeNPs-H and azathioprine liposomes (Aza-Lips), PRP2-SeNPs-H/Aza-Lips were constructed for precise delivery of the model drug azathioprine (Aza) to colon lesions. Results showed that PRP2 significantly alleviated the clinical symptoms and colon tissue damage and down-regulated the levels of inflammatory factors in serum and colon, demonstrating beneficial effects on mice with ulcerative colitis. PRP2-SeNPs-L had better relieving effects on ulcerative colitis. Phragmites rhizoma polysaccharide-based nanocarriers may protect azathioprine liposomes against gastrointestinal digestion, enhance the therapeutic effects on ulcerative colitis, and significantly reduce liver damage from azathioprine, which helps to improve the efficacy and toxicity of clinical drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxiao Cui
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zhou Fang
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Mengdi Song
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Taidi Zhou
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yongjie Wang
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Kehai Liu
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Canter for Food Science and Engineering, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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Meneguin A, Pacheco G, Silva J, de Araujo FP, Silva-Filho EC, Bertolino LC, da Silva Barud H. Nanocellulose/palygorskite biocomposite membranes for controlled release of metronidazole. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 188:689-695. [PMID: 34371050 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The incorporation of drugs in nanocomposites can be considered a potential strategy for controlled drug release. In this study, a nanocomposite based on bacterial cellulose and the palygorskite clay (BC/PLG) was produced and loaded with metronidazole (MTZ). The samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) Spectroscopy, thermal analysis (TG/DTG) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The barrier properties were determined to water vapor permeability (WVP). Adsorption tests with PLG were performed using MTZ and drug release profile of the membranes was investigated. The results indicated that PLG increased the crystallinity of the nanocomposites, and greater thermal stability when PLG concentration was 15.0% (BC/PLG15) was observed. WVP of the samples also varied, according to the clay content. Adsorption equilibrium was achieved from 400 mg/L of the PLG and a plateau in the MTZ release rates from BC/PLG was observed after 30 min. Therefore, the results of this study show the potential of these nanocomposite membranes as a platform for controlled drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréia Meneguin
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Drugs and Medicines, Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú, km 1, - Campus Ville, Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Pacheco
- Research Center on Biotechnology, Uniara, Araraquara, 14801-340, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jhonatan Silva
- Research Center on Biotechnology, Uniara, Araraquara, 14801-340, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisca Pereira de Araujo
- LIMAV, Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Federal University of Piaui, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella, Teresina, 64049-550, Piaui, Brazil
| | - Edson Cavalcanti Silva-Filho
- LIMAV, Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Federal University of Piaui, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella, Teresina, 64049-550, Piaui, Brazil
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Dong J, Cheng Z, Tan S, Zhu Q. Clay nanoparticles as pharmaceutical carriers in drug delivery systems. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2020; 18:695-714. [PMID: 33301349 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.1862792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Clay minerals are a class of silicates with chemical inertness, colloid, and thixotropy, which have excellent physicochemical properties, good biocompatibility, low toxicity, and have high application potential in biomedical fields. These inorganic materials have been widely used in pharmaceutical excipients and active substances. In recent years, nanoclay mineral materials have been used as drug vehicles for the delivery of a variety of drugs based on their broad specific surface area, rich porosity, diverse morphology, good adsorption performance, and high ion exchange capacity. AREAS COVERED This review introduces the structures, properties, and applications of various common natural and synthetic nanoclay materials as drug carriers. Natural nanoclays have different morphologies including nanoplates, nanotubes, and nanofibers. Synthetic materials have controllable sizes and flexible structures, where mesoporous silica nanoparticles, laponite, and imogolite are typical ones. These inorganic nanoparticles are often linked to polymers to form multifunctional drug delivery systems for better pharmaceutical performance. EXPERT OPINION The clay nanomaterials have typical properties, including enhanced solubility of insoluble drugs, targeting therapeutic sites, controlled release, and stimulation of responsive drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiani Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zeneng Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Songwen Tan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qubo Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Eusepi P, Marinelli L, Borrego-Sánchez A, García-Villén F, Rayhane BK, Cacciatore I, Viseras C, Di Stefano A. Nano-delivery systems based on carvacrol prodrugs and fibrous clays. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Hybrid Systems Based on Talc and Chitosan for Controlled Drug Release. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12213634. [PMID: 31694168 PMCID: PMC6862275 DOI: 10.3390/ma12213634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic matrices and biopolymers have been widely used in pharmaceutical fields. They show properties such as biocompatibility, incorporation capacity, and controlled drug release, which can become more attractive if they are combined to form hybrid materials. This work proposes the synthesis of new drug delivery systems (DDS) based on magnesium phyllosilicate (Talc) obtained by the sol–gel route method, the biopolymer chitosan (Ch), and the inorganic-organic hybrid formed between this matrix (Talc + Ch), obtained using glutaraldehyde as a crosslink agent, and to study their incorporation/release capacity of amiloride as a model drug. The systems were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Therma analysis TG/DTG, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) that supported the DDS’s formation. The hybrid showed a better drug incorporation capacity compared to the precursors, with a loading of 55.74, 49.53, and 4.71 mg g−1 for Talc + Ch, Talc, and Ch, respectively. The release assays were performed on a Hanson Research SR-8 Plus dissolver using apparatus I (basket), set to guarantee the sink conditions. The in vitro release tests showed a prolongation of the release rates of this drug for at least 4 h. This result proposes that the systems implies the slow and gradual release of the active substance, favoring the maintenance of the plasma concentration within a therapeutic window.
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Silva FC, Lima LCB, Viseras C, Osajima JA, da Silva Júnior JM, Oliveira RL, Bezerra LR, Silva-Filho EC. Understanding Urea Encapsulation in Different Clay Minerals as a Possible System for Ruminant Nutrition. Molecules 2019; 24:E3525. [PMID: 31569494 PMCID: PMC6804177 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the challenges of urea administration due to the high ureolytic activity of the rumen and the importance of its use, as well as taking into account the relevance of sustainably exploiting the technological potential of biodiversity, this research studies the encapsulation of urea in different clay minerals (palygorskite (Pal), sepiolite (Sep), and Veegum® (V)) as an alternative for use as nonprotein nitrogen (NNP) sources. A method of incorporation was developed in which the encapsulation of urea was proven by X-ray diffraction; fibrous materials, Pal and Sep had similar characteristics due to the decrease in the relative plane intensity (011), suggesting a decrease in the order of their stacking due to the presence of urea on the surface or inside channels. By contrast, V showed a 7.74° reflection shift, suggesting an increase in basal spacing from 11.45 Å in V to 14.88 Å in the sample after urea encapsulation. By thermogravimetry, it was observed that the presence of urea did not change the mass-loss profiles but only increased the percentage of loss in respective events, indicating urea incorporation in the clay minerals. These results provide a promising alternative for administering NNP sources in the ruminant diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrícia C Silva
- Campus Senador Helvídio Nunes Barros, CSHNB, Federal Unviersity of Piauí, Picos 64600-000, PI, Brazil.
| | - Luciano C B Lima
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials-LIMAV, Federal Unviersity of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, PI, Brazil.
| | - Cesar Viseras
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Josy A Osajima
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials-LIMAV, Federal Unviersity of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, PI, Brazil.
| | - Jarbas M da Silva Júnior
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, 500, Ondina, Salvador 40170110, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Ronaldo L Oliveira
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, 500, Ondina, Salvador 40170110, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Leilson R Bezerra
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Campina Grande, Avenida Universitária, s/n-Jatobá, Patos 58708110, Paraiba, Brazil.
| | - Edson C Silva-Filho
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials-LIMAV, Federal Unviersity of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, PI, Brazil.
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