1
|
Sugitha SKJ, Venkatesan R, Latha RG, Vetcher AA, Al-Asbahi BA, Kim SC. A Study on the Antibacterial, Antispasmodic, Antipyretic, and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of ZnO Nanoparticles Using Leaf Extract from Jasminum sambac (L. Aiton). Molecules 2024; 29:1464. [PMID: 38611744 PMCID: PMC11012760 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using plants has grown in significance in recent years. ZnO NPs were synthesized in this work via a chemical precipitation method with Jasminum sambac (JS) leaf extract serving as a capping agent. These NPs were characterized using UV-vis spectroscopy, FT-IR, XRD, SEM, TEM, TGA, and DTA. The results from UV-vis and FT-IR confirmed the band gap energies (3.37 eV and 3.50 eV) and the presence of the following functional groups: CN, OH, C=O, and NH. A spherical structure and an average grain size of 26 nm were confirmed via XRD. The size and surface morphology of the ZnO NPs were confirmed through the use of SEM analysis. According to the TEM images, the ZnO NPs had an average mean size of 26 nm and were spherical in shape. The TGA curve indicated that the weight loss starts at 100 °C, rising to 900 °C, as a result of the evaporation of water molecules. An exothermic peak was seen during the DTA analysis at 480 °C. Effective antibacterial activity was found at 7.32 ± 0.44 mm in Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus) and at 15.54 ± 0.031 mm in Gram-negative (E. coli) bacteria against the ZnO NPs. Antispasmodic activity: the 0.3 mL/mL sample solution demonstrated significant reductions in stimulant effects induced by histamine (at a concentration of 1 µg/mL) by (78.19%), acetylcholine (at a concentration of 1 µM) by (67.57%), and nicotine (at a concentration of 2 µg/mL) by (84.35%). The antipyretic activity was identified using the specific Shodhan vidhi method, and their anti-inflammatory properties were effectively evaluated with a denaturation test. A 0.3 mL/mL sample solution demonstrated significant reductions in stimulant effects induced by histamine (at a concentration of 1 µg/mL) by 78.19%, acetylcholine (at a concentration of 1 µM) by 67.57%, and nicotine (at a concentration of 2 µg/mL) by 84.35%. These results underscore the sample solution's potential as an effective therapeutic agent, showcasing its notable antispasmodic activity. Among the administered doses, the 150 mg/kg sample dose exhibited the most potent antipyretic effects. The anti-inflammatory activity of the synthesized NPs showed a remarkable inhibition percentage of (97.14 ± 0.005) at higher concentrations (250 µg/mL). Furthermore, a cytotoxic effect was noted when the biologically synthesized ZnO NPs were introduced to treated cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S. K. Johnsy Sugitha
- Department of Chemistry, Holy Cross College, Nagercoil, Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli 627012, India;
| | - Raja Venkatesan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea;
| | - R. Gladis Latha
- Department of Chemistry and Research Centre, Holy Cross College, Nagercoil 629002, India
| | - Alexandre A. Vetcher
- Institute of Biochemical Technology and Nanotechnology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia n.a. P. Lumumba (RUDN), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., 117198 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Bandar Ali Al-Asbahi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Seong-Cheol Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rashid MH, Sujoy SI, Rahman MS, Haque MJ. Aloe vera assisted green synthesis of Ag and Cu co-doped ZnO nanoparticles and a comprehensive analysis of their structural, morphological, optical, electrical and antibacterial properties. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25438. [PMID: 38322891 PMCID: PMC10844577 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the potential of utilizing Aloe vera-assisted green synthesis with transition metal dopants of Ag and Cu for greater efficiency and sustainability in advanced scientific applications utilizing ZnO nanoparticles. Samples were prepared using the co-precipitation method, maintaining a basic pH media of 10. Aloe vera gel extract was chosen for its acclaimed role as a stabilizing and reducing agent and its proven antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer properties. The XRD report revealed the hexagonal Wurtzite crystal structure of nanoparticles, exhibiting a crystallite size range of 17-23 nm with substantial alterations in lattice parameters, dislocation density, and bond lengths when dopants were added. Additionally, EDX analysis confirmed the perfect doping of Ag and Cu in ZnO without any impurities. SEM analysis indicated a reduction in agglomeration, accompanied by a transition in particle morphology from columnar to globular. Additionally, the optical study showed a band gap range of 3.18-3.27 eV, confirming it to be a wide band gap semiconductor. The effect of dopants resulted in an increase in transparency and band gap, while a decrease in absorption coefficient in the visible wavelength region. With increasing temperature, a decline in electrical resistivity was noted, with co-doped nanoparticles consistently exhibiting the lowest resistivity, affirming semiconductor characteristics. Most importantly, A remarkable antibacterial efficacy was noticed at low concentrations against gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria. The zone of inhibition produced by nanoparticles exhibited values akin to the antibiotic control, even at substantially lower doses. This research offers a comprehensive analysis of the effects of Ag and Cu in Aloe vera-assisted green-synthesized ZnO nanoparticles, concurrently addressing their potential applications in biomedical, energy storage, and optoelectronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Hasnat Rashid
- Department of Glass & Ceramic Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology, Rajshahi, 6204, Bangladesh
| | - Saiful Islam Sujoy
- Department of Glass & Ceramic Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology, Rajshahi, 6204, Bangladesh
| | - Md Saifur Rahman
- Department of Physics, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Jahidul Haque
- Department of Glass & Ceramic Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology, Rajshahi, 6204, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chemingui H, Moulahi A, Missaoui T, Al-Marri AH, Hafiane A. A novel green preparation of zinc oxide nanoparticles with Hibiscus sabdariffa L.: photocatalytic performance, evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial activity. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024; 45:926-944. [PMID: 36170044 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2130108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the eco-friendly synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) utilizing an aqueous solution of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. flower extract, which is acts as reducing agent as well as capping agent. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results revealed the presence of flavonoids and phenols in the plant extract, indicating that they were the major agents capable of reducing zinc nitrate salt. According to our x-ray diffraction (XRD) results, ZnO-NPs exhibit a particular phase wurtzite structure. The ZnO-NPs are spherical in shape and have an average size of 15 nm, according to the measurements of electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) measurements. Energy dispersion (EDX) analysis demonstrates that the NPs are mainly composed of zinc and oxygen. The zeta potential of these nanoparticles shows that they are very stable. The antibacterial activity of ZnO-NPs was tested using agar dilutions with a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. According to the research results, ZnO-NPs can be established as an extremely specific antibacterial agent for a wide variety of organisms to prevent bacterial growth. Furthermore, the antioxidant properties of ZnO-NPs were determined using the 2,2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH) radical scavenging approach, and the IC50 value of 38 μg/mL was measured for ZnO-NPs. Furthermore, the biosynthesized ZnO-NPs showed significant catalytic performance of methyl orange (MO) under UV irradiation. Overall, ZnO-NPs in their produced state have excellent potential in biomedical and wastewater treatment applications. Radical scavengers were used to evaluate the role of radicals in the reaction mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hajer Chemingui
- Laboratory of water, Membrane and Environmental Biotechnology, CERTE, Soliman, Tunisia
| | - Ali Moulahi
- Chemistry Department, College of Al Wajh, Tabuk University, Al Wajh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Takwa Missaoui
- Laboratory of water, Membrane and Environmental Biotechnology, CERTE, Soliman, Tunisia
| | - Abdelhadi H Al-Marri
- Chemistry Department, College of Al Wajh, Tabuk University, Al Wajh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amor Hafiane
- Laboratory of water, Membrane and Environmental Biotechnology, CERTE, Soliman, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Assessment of Diabetes Biomarker Monitoring via Novel Biosensor Activity. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2023.100777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
|
5
|
Sanjeev NO, Vallabha MS, Valsan AE. Adsorptive removal of pharmaceutically active compounds from multicomponent system using Azadirachta indica induced zinc oxide nanoparticles: analysis of competitive and cooperative adsorption. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2023; 87:284-303. [PMID: 36640038 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this research, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles synthesized using neem leaf (Azadirachta indica) extract were used as an adsorbent for removing two widely used pharmaceutical compounds acetaminophen (AMP) and sulfadiazine (SDZ). The synthesized ZnO nanoparticles were characterized using SEM-EDS, FTIR, TEM, BET, and XRD analysis. The synthesized ZnO nanoparticles were found to be in the size range of 10 nm with a surface area of 48.551 m2/g. The adsorptive performance of ZnO nanoparticles in both mono-component (MoS) and multi-component system (MuS) was investigated under various operational parameters viz. contact time, temperature, pH, concentration of pharmaceutical compound and ZnO nanoparticles dose. It was observed that the maximum adsorption capacity of ZnO nanoparticles was 7.87 mg/g and 7.77 mg/g for AMP and SDZ, respectively, under the optimum conditions of 7 pH and 2 g/L adsorbent dosage. The experimental data best-fitted with the pseudo-second-order model and Langmuir model, indicating monolayer chemisorption. Further investigation on removal of AMP and SDZ from multicomponent system was modelled using a Langmuir competitive model. The desorption study has shown 25.28% and 22.4% removal of AMP and SDZ from the surface of ZnO nanoparticles. In general, green synthesized ZnO nanoparticles can be utilized effectively as adsorbent for removal of pharmaceutically active compounds from wastewater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nayanathara O Sanjeev
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Calicut, Kerala, India E-mail:
| | | | - Aswathy E Valsan
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Calicut, Kerala, India E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Balaji MP, Govindasamy R, Alharbi NS, Kadaikunnan S, Thiruvengadam M, Baskar V, Devi Rajeswari V. Biosynthesis of ZnONP Using Chamaecostus cuspidatus and Their Evolution of Anticancer Property in MCF-7 and A549 Cell Lines. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12193384. [PMID: 36234511 PMCID: PMC9565435 DOI: 10.3390/nano12193384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The ZnO nanoparticle synthesis using the leaf part of Chamaecostus cuspidatus was characterized using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, IR, XRD, DLS, FESEM, EDX, TEM, AFM and XPS. The MTT assay was used to examine the cytotoxicity activity against lung epithelial and breast cell lines, and the IC50 value was determined. The presence of ZnO nanoparticles, which range in size from 200 to 800 nm, was confirmed by the absorption peak at 350 nm. The median particle size was 145.1 nm, and the ζ -the potential was -19.45 mV, showing that ZnONP is stable. Zinc, carbon, and oxygen contribute to the elemental composition of ZnONP, as determined by EDX analysis. MTT assay was used to investigate in vitro cytotoxicity in MCF-7 and A549 cell lines. The cytotoxicity activity IC50 value was determined to be 30 μg/mL for the A549 cell line and 37 μg/mL for the MCF-7 cell line.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Menaka Priya Balaji
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bioscience and Technology, VIT, Vellore 632114, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajakumar Govindasamy
- Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Naiyf S. Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shine Kadaikunnan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Venkidasamy Baskar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vijayarangan Devi Rajeswari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bioscience and Technology, VIT, Vellore 632114, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Metallic and Metal Oxides Nanoparticles for Sensing Food Pathogens—An Overview of Recent Findings and Future Prospects. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15155374. [PMID: 35955309 PMCID: PMC9370041 DOI: 10.3390/ma15155374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, special importance is given to quality control and food safety. Food quality currently creates significant problems for the industry and implicitly for consumers and society. The effects materialize in economic losses, alterations of the quality and organoleptic properties of the commercial products, and, last but not least, they constitute risk factors for the consumer’s health. In this context, the development of analytical systems for the rapid determination of the sanitary quality of food products by detecting possible pathogenic microorganisms (such as Escherichia coli or Salmonella due to the important digestive disorders that they can cause in many consumers) is of major importance. Using efficient and environmentally friendly detection systems for identification of various pathogens that modify food matrices and turn them into food waste faster will also improve agri-food quality throughout the food chain. This paper reviews the use of metal nanoparticles used to obtain bio nanosensors for the purpose mentioned above. Metallic nanoparticles (Au, Ag, etc.) and their oxides can be synthesized by several methods, such as chemical, physical, physico-chemical, and biological, each bringing advantages and disadvantages in their use for developing nanosensors. In the “green chemistry” approach, a particular importance is given to the metal nanoparticles obtained by phytosynthesis. This method can lead to the development of good quality nanoparticles, at the same time being able to use secondary metabolites from vegetal wastes, as such providing a circular economy character. Considering these aspects, the use of phytosynthesized nanoparticles in other biosensing applications is also presented as a glimpse of their potential, which should be further explored.
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen W, Zheng H, Zheng P, Wu Z, Wu F, Liu Y, Huo D, Zheng L, Zhang Y. Nanohybrids that consisit of p-type, nitrogen-doped ZnO and graphene nanostructures: synthesis, photophysical properties, and biosensing application. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:345707. [PMID: 35584685 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac70e4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ZnO, a promising material for optoelectronic applications, has attracted considerable attention due to its wide and direct band gap and large exciton binding energy. To understand the applications of this material, fabrication of high quality p-type ZnO is a key step. However, a reliable p-type doping of this material remains a major challenge. In this study, we report p-type nitrogen-doped ZnO nanoparticle, grown in a nitrogen doped graphene layer matrix by a plasma heating process using a natural protein and zinc nitrate as the precursors. The structural characterizations are developed by several microscopic techniques including the field emission electron microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and micro-Raman analysis. In addition, the ultraviolet (UV)-visible absorption characteristics and photoluminescence properties of the samples are studied. Its p-type conduction behaviour is confirmed by the Hall effect measurement, which was ascribed to the high nitrogen dopant concentration in the Zn-poor ZnO, and the related mechanism for the p-type behaviour is also discussed. Moreover, the results of the glucose detection based on the strong green luminescence of glucose indicate that the nitrogen-doped ZnO nanodots/nitrogen-doped graphene layer nanohybrid is also a competitive candidate in the biosensing field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Lab for Nanoelectronics and NanoDevices, Department of Electronics Science and Technology, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Lab for Nanoelectronics and NanoDevices, Department of Electronics Science and Technology, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zheng
- Lab for Nanoelectronics and NanoDevices, Department of Electronics Science and Technology, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhangting Wu
- Lab for Nanoelectronics and NanoDevices, Department of Electronics Science and Technology, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Feimei Wu
- Lab for Nanoelectronics and NanoDevices, Department of Electronics Science and Technology, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Liu
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, California State Polytechnic University-Pomona, CA 91768, United States of America
| | - Dexuan Huo
- Institute of Materials Physics, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zheng
- Lab for Nanoelectronics and NanoDevices, Department of Electronics Science and Technology, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Lab for Nanoelectronics and NanoDevices, Department of Electronics Science and Technology, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kejela Tolossa W, Taddesse Shibeshi P. Structural, optical and enhanced antibacterial activities of ZnO and (Co, Fe) co-doped ZnO nanoparticles by sol-gel combustion method. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.139519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
10
|
Ismail AM, Nasr RA. Structural characterization of
PVDF
/
PVA
polymer blend film doped with different concentration of
NiO NPs
for photocatalytic degradation of malachite green dye under visible light. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rabab A. Nasr
- Water Pollution Research Department National Research Centre Giza Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hu T, Wang D, Xu J, Chen K, Li X, Yi H, Ni Z. Glucose sensing on screen-printed electrochemical electrodes based on porous graphene aerogel @prussian blue. Biomed Microdevices 2022; 24:14. [PMID: 35218431 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-022-00614-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
As one of the three major chronic diseases, diabetes often causes many complications, which can affect various parts of the body and even threaten the life of the patients. At present, the situation of diabetes in the world is quite serious. Accurate detection of blood glucose is very important for the diagnosis, treatment and medication of diabetes as well as the self-management of diabetic patients. In this paper, an electrochemical glucose biosensor was developed based on screen-printed electrode (SPE) modified with composite material of graphene aerogel (GA) and Prussian blue (PB) (denoted as GA@PB), which was fabricated via chemical reduction using L-ascorbic acid as a reducing agent through a freeze-drying process. Glucose was specifically captured by glucose oxidase (GOx) which were immobilized into the GA@PB by chitosan. The structure and performance of the sensor were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy measurements, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and amperometric detection. The sensor exhibited a linear range of 0.5-6.0 mmol·L-1 with limit of detection (LOD) of 0.15 mmol·L-1, indicating that the combination of graphene aerogel and Prussian blue possess well conductivity and catalytic performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Hu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Di Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Jian Xu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Ke Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Xiao Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
| | - Hong Yi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
| | - Zhonghua Ni
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Metal-conducting polyaniline (PANI)-based nanocomposite materials have attracted attention in various applications due to their synergism of electrical, mechanical, and optical properties of the initial components. Herein, metal-PANI nanocomposites, including silver nanoparticle-polyaniline (AgNP-PANI), zinc oxide nanoparticle-polyaniline (ZnONP-PANI), and silver-zinc oxide nanoparticle-polyaniline (Ag–ZnONP-PANI), were prepared using the two processes. Nanocomposite-based electrode platforms were prepared by depositing AgNPs, ZnONPs, or Ag–ZnONPs on a PANI modified glass carbon electrode (GCE) in the presence of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide/N-Hydroxysuccinimide (EDC/NHS, 1:2) as coupling agents. The incorporation of AgNPs, ZnONPs, and Ag–ZnONPs onto PANI was confirmed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry, which showed five absorbance bands at 216 nm, 412 nm, 464 nm, 550 nm, and 831 nm (i.e., transition of π-π*, π-polaron band transition, polaron-π* electronic transition, and AgNPs). The FTIR characteristic signatures of the nanocomposite materials exhibited stretching arising from C–H aromatic, C–O, and C–N stretching mode for benzenoid rings, and =C–H plane bending vibration formed during protonation. The CV voltammograms of the nanocomposite materials showed a quasi-reversible behavior with increased redox current response. Notably, AgNP–PANI–GCE electrode showed the highest conductivity, which was attributed the high conductivity of silver. The increase in peak currents exhibited by the composites shows that AgNPs and ZnONPs improve the electrical properties of PANI, and they could be potential candidates for electrochemical applications.
Collapse
|
13
|
Eco-friendly synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Rivina humilis leaf extract and their biomedical applications. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
14
|
Murali M, Kalegowda N, Gowtham HG, Ansari MA, Alomary MN, Alghamdi S, Shilpa N, Singh SB, Thriveni MC, Aiyaz M, Angaswamy N, Lakshmidevi N, Adil SF, Hatshan MR, Amruthesh KN. Plant-Mediated Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Advances in the New Millennium towards Understanding Their Therapeutic Role in Biomedical Applications. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1662. [PMID: 34683954 PMCID: PMC8540056 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles have become one of the most popular metal oxide nanoparticles and recently emerged as a promising potential candidate in the fields of optical, electrical, food packaging, and biomedical applications due to their biocompatibility, low toxicity, and low cost. They have a role in cell apoptosis, as they trigger excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and release zinc ions (Zn2+) that induce cell death. The zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized using the plant extracts appear to be simple, safer, sustainable, and more environmentally friendly compared to the physical and chemical routes. These biosynthesized nanoparticles possess strong biological activities and are in use for various biological applications in several industries. Initially, the present review discusses the synthesis and recent advances of zinc oxide nanoparticles from plant sources (such as leaves, stems, bark, roots, rhizomes, fruits, flowers, and seeds) and their biomedical applications (such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, photocatalytic, wound healing, and drug delivery), followed by their mechanisms of action involved in detail. This review also covers the drug delivery application of plant-mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles, focusing on the drug-loading mechanism, stimuli-responsive controlled release, and therapeutic effect. Finally, the future direction of these synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles' research and applications are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahadevamurthy Murali
- Applied Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India; (M.M.); (N.K.)
| | - Nataraj Kalegowda
- Applied Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India; (M.M.); (N.K.)
| | - Hittanahallikoppal G. Gowtham
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India; (H.G.G.); (N.S.); (S.B.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohammad Azam Ansari
- Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institutes for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad N. Alomary
- National Center for Biotechnology, Life Science and Environmental Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Saad Alghamdi
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah P.O. Box 715, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Natarajamurthy Shilpa
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India; (H.G.G.); (N.S.); (S.B.S.); (M.A.)
- Department of Studies in Microbiology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India;
| | - Sudarshana B. Singh
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India; (H.G.G.); (N.S.); (S.B.S.); (M.A.)
| | - M. C. Thriveni
- Central Sericultural Germplasm Resources Centre, Central Silk Board, Ministry of Textiles, Thally Road, TVS Nagar, Hosur 635109, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Mohammed Aiyaz
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India; (H.G.G.); (N.S.); (S.B.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Nataraju Angaswamy
- Department of Biochemistry, Karnataka State Open University, Mukthagangotri, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India;
| | - Nanjaiah Lakshmidevi
- Department of Studies in Microbiology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India;
| | - Syed F. Adil
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.F.A.); (M.R.H.)
| | - Mohammad R. Hatshan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.F.A.); (M.R.H.)
| | - Kestur Nagaraj Amruthesh
- Applied Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India; (M.M.); (N.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Trends in the Design of Intensity-Based Optical Fiber Biosensors (2010-2020). BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2021; 11:bios11060197. [PMID: 34203715 PMCID: PMC8232210 DOI: 10.3390/bios11060197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
There exists an increasing interest in monitoring low concentrations of biochemical species, as they allow the early-stage detection of illnesses or the monitoring of the environment quality. Thus, both companies and research groups are focused on the development of accurate, fast and highly sensitive biosensors. Optical fiber sensors have been widely employed for these purposes because they provide several advantages for their use in point-of-care and real-time applications. In particular, this review is focused on optical fiber biosensors based on luminescence and absorption. Apart from the key parameters that determine the performance of a sensor (limit of detection, sensibility, cross-sensibility, etc.), other features are analyzed, such as the optical fiber dimensions, the sensing set ups and the fiber functionalization. The aim of this review is to have a comprehensive insight of the different aspects that must be taken into account when working with this kind of sensors.
Collapse
|
16
|
El Golli A, Fendrich M, Bazzanella N, Dridi C, Miotello A, Orlandi M. Wastewater remediation with ZnO photocatalysts: Green synthesis and solar concentration as an economically and environmentally viable route to application. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 286:112226. [PMID: 33677338 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Green-synthesized materials and solar concentration technology for advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) offer important opportunities in water remediation by giving value to clean, renewable and potentially low-cost resources. Here, Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanostructures (NSs) were prepared via a green synthesis method based on garlic bulbs (Allium Sativum) extract (ZnO-Green), resulting in crystalline (wurtzite) nanorods (NRs). ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) were also chemically prepared through a standard co-precipitation (ZnO-Chem) for comparative solar photocatalytic (PC) studies. The green-synthesized ZnO NRs exhibited a favorable photocatalytic activity (PCA) in colloidal suspension for the methylene blue (MB) dye degradation upon exposure to concentrated sunlight. Comparison with the chemically synthesized ZnO results in almost equal degradations of 94% in optimal loading condition. To explore the possibility to use immobilized photocatalyst in heterogeneous condition, green-synthesized ZnO NRs coatings were fabricated and compared with a 135 nm thick ZnO thin film produced by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) (ZnO-PLD). PCA on MB degradation (120 min experiments) resulted in degradations of 69% and 73%, respectively, proving the feasibility of the immobilized photocatalyst approach. Finally, an economic analysis of the process shows that the combination of green-synthesis and concentrated sunlight significantly reduces costs, paving the way for large-scale photocatalytic wastewater remediation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asma El Golli
- NANOMISENE Laboratory LR16CRMN01, Center of Research on Microelectronics and Nanotechnology of Sousse, Technopark of Sousse, Tunisia; University of Sousse, High School of Sciences and Technology of Hammam Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Murilo Fendrich
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, Trento, Italy
| | - Nicola Bazzanella
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, Trento, Italy
| | - Chérif Dridi
- NANOMISENE Laboratory LR16CRMN01, Center of Research on Microelectronics and Nanotechnology of Sousse, Technopark of Sousse, Tunisia.
| | - Antonio Miotello
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, Trento, Italy.
| | - Michele Orlandi
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, Trento, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
El-Kahky D, Attia M, Easa SM, Awad NM, Helmy EA. Interactive Effects of Biosynthesized Nanocomposites and Their Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Potentials. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:903. [PMID: 33916082 PMCID: PMC8067103 DOI: 10.3390/nano11040903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the biosynthesis of silver (AgNPs), zinc oxide (ZnONPs) and titanium dioxide (TiO2NPs) nanoparticles using Aspergillusoryzae, Aspergillusterreus and Fusariumoxysporum. Nanocomposites (NCs) were successfully synthesized by mixing nanoparticles using a Sonic Vibra-Cell VC/VCX processor. A number of analytical techniques were used to characterize the synthesized biological metal nanoparticles. Several experiments tested biologically synthesized metal nanoparticles and nanocomposites against two types of human pathogenic bacteria, including Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Pseudomonasaeruginosa. Additionally, the antitumor activity in HCT-116 cells (colonic carcinoma) was also evaluated. Significant antimicrobial effects of various synthesized forms of nanoparticles and nanocomposites against E. coli and P. aeruginosa bacteria were detected. Various synthesized biogenic forms of nanoparticles and nanocomposite (9.0 to 29 mm in diameter) had high antibacterial activity and high antitumor activity against HCT-116 cells (colonic carcinoma) with IC50 values of 0.7-100 µg/mL. Biosynthesized NPs are considered an alternative to large-scale biosynthesized metallic nanoparticles and nanocomposites, are simple and cost effective, and provide stable nanomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dina El-Kahky
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
| | - Magdy Attia
- Agricultural Microbiology Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth Street, (Former El-Tahrir Street) Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt; (M.A.); (N.M.A.)
| | - Saadia M. Easa
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
| | - Nemat M. Awad
- Agricultural Microbiology Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth Street, (Former El-Tahrir Street) Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt; (M.A.); (N.M.A.)
| | - Eman A. Helmy
- Microbiology Department, The Regional Center for Mycology and Biotechnology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt;
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Borase HP, Muley AB, Patil SV, Singhal RS. Enzymatic response of Moina macrocopa to different sized zinc oxide particles: An aquatic metal toxicology study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 194:110609. [PMID: 33340502 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Zinc oxide particles (ZnOPs) of both nanometer and sub-micron sizes are important components of high demand consumer products such as sunscreen, paint, textile, food packaging, and agriculture. Their ultimate discharge in the aquatic ecosystem is nearly unavoidable. For sustainable use of ZnOPs, there is an urgent need to assess its ecotoxicity using ecological indicator organisms. Moina macrocopa, an important component of the aquatic ecosystem is one such less explored indicator organism. In the present investigation, ZnOPs of two different sizes (250 ± 20 and 500 ± 50 nm) were selected for risk assessment as most of the previous reports were based on the use of 10-100 nm ZnOPs. ZnOPs of 500 nm were more lethal than that of 250 nm size, with respective LC50 of 0.0092 ± 0.0012 and 0.0337 ± 0.0133 mg/L against M. macrocopa after 48 h of exposure. We further used a sublethal concentration of 500 nm (0.00336 mg/L) and 250 nm (0.00092 mg/L) ZnOPs followed by measurement of enzymatic biomarkers of toxicity (acetylcholinesterase, digestive enzymes, antioxidant enzymes). A size-dependent variation in enzymatic response to 250 and 500 nm ZnOPs was seen. Exposure to ZnOPs inhibited acetylcholinesterase and digestive enzymes (trypsin, amylase), and elevated antioxidant enzymes (catalase, glutathione S-transferase) levels. The exposure also decreased the superoxide dismutase activity and increased that of β-galactosidase. Microscopic investigation revealed the accumulation of ZnOPs in the digestive tract of M. macrocopa that possibly disrupts enzyme activities. The present study will contribute to establishing regulatory policy on the maximum permissible limit of ZnOPs in different water bodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hemant P Borase
- Food Engineering and Technology Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, 400019, Maharashtra, India; C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Uka Tarsadia University, Bardoli, 394350, Gujarat, India.
| | - Abhijeet B Muley
- Food Engineering and Technology Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, 400019, Maharashtra, India
| | - Satish V Patil
- School of Life Sciences, Kavayitri Bahinabai Chaudhari North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, 425001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rekha S Singhal
- Food Engineering and Technology Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, 400019, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
D'Souza JN, Prabhu A, Nagaraja GK, Navada K M, Kouser S, Manasa DJ. Unravelling the human triple negative breast cancer suppressive activity of biocompatible zinc oxide nanostructures influenced by Vateria indica (L.) fruit phytochemicals. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 122:111887. [PMID: 33641895 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.111887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The present study delineates the biosynthesis of ZnOVI nanostructures by using aqueous fruit extract of V. indica. The study has disclosed the role of V. indica fruit extract as both reducing and capping agents, ushering the formation of ZnOVI nanostructures with distinct morphologies. The formation of ZnOVI nanostructures was corroborated by FT-IR and UV-visible spectroscopy which was further substantiated by the elemental composition study through EDS spectroscopy. The nanostructures were also investigated by Rietveld refinement of PXRD data, FE-SEM, and BET analysis. The morphology, size, and surface area were found to be precursor stoichiometry dependent. The in-vitro cytotoxicity study of ZnOVI nanostructures carried out on MDA-MB468 human triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells has revealed their potential cytotoxicity (91.18 ± 1.98). MTT assay performed on the NIH3T3 mouse fibroblast cells has unfolded the non-toxic nature of ZnOVI nanostructures. Additionally, the results of the AO-EB dual staining assay indicated early apoptosis in TNBC cells by displaying greenish yellow-fluorescence in the nuclei. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurement study has confirmed the elevated intracellular levels of ROS, supporting the oxidative-stress induced cytotoxicity in ZnOVI nanostructures treated TNBC cells. Furthermore, the haemocompatibility of ZnOVI nanostructures was evaluated using human erythrocytes. Thus, the obtained results have shown greater potential in the anticancer activity of bio-fabricated ZnOVI nanostructures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josline Neetha D'Souza
- Department of Chemistry, Mangalore University, Mangaloagangothri 574199, Karnataka, India
| | - Ashwini Prabhu
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - G K Nagaraja
- Department of Chemistry, Mangalore University, Mangaloagangothri 574199, Karnataka, India.
| | - Meghana Navada K
- Department of Chemistry, Mangalore University, Mangaloagangothri 574199, Karnataka, India
| | - Sabia Kouser
- Department of Chemistry, Mangalore University, Mangaloagangothri 574199, Karnataka, India
| | - D J Manasa
- Department of Botany, Davanagere University, Davanagere 577007, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kalambate PK, Rao Z, Dhanjai, Wu J, Shen Y, Boddula R, Huang Y. Electrochemical (bio) sensors go green. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 163:112270. [PMID: 32568692 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical (bio) sensors are now widely acknowledged as a sensitive detection tool for disease diagnosis as well as the detection of numerous species of pharmaceutical, clinical, industrial, food, and environmental origin. The term 'green' demonstrates the development of electrochemical (bio) sensing platforms utilizing biodegradable and sustainable materials. Development of green sensing platforms is one of the most active areas of research minimizing the use of toxic/hazardous reagents and solvent systems, thereby further reducing the production of chemical wastes in sensor fabrication. The present review includes green electrochemical (bio) sensors which are based on firstly, green sensors comprising natural and non-hazardous materials (e.g., paper/clay/zeolites/biowastes), secondly sensors based on nanomaterials synthesized by green methods and lastly sensors constituting green solvents (e.g., ionic liquids/deep eutectic solvents). Electrochemical performances of such green sensors and their benefits such as biodegradability, non-toxicity, sustainability, low-cost, sensitive surfaces, etc. Have been discussed for quantification of various target analytes. Associated challenges, possible solutions, and opportunities towards fabricating green electrochemical sensors and biosensors have been provided in the conclusion section.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pramod K Kalambate
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, PR China
| | - Zhixiang Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, PR China
| | - Dhanjai
- Department of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Concordia University of Edmonton, Alberta, T5B 4E4, Canada
| | - Jingyi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, PR China
| | - Yue Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, PR China
| | - Rajender Boddula
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchy Fabrication, National Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, PR China
| | - Yunhui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B by zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized using the leaf extract of Cyanometra ramiflora. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 199:111621. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
22
|
Ai L, He H, Wang P, Cai R, Tao G, Yang M, Liu L, Zuo H, Zhao P, Wang Y. Rational Design and Fabrication of ZnONPs Functionalized Sericin/PVA Antimicrobial Sponge. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194796. [PMID: 31569598 PMCID: PMC6801402 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The interests of developing antimicrobial biomaterials based on silk sericin from Bombyx mori cocoon, have been shooting up in the last decades. Sericin is a valuable natural protein owing to its hydrophilicity, biodegradability, and biocompatibility. Here, we fabricated a sponge with antibacterial capacities for potential wound dressing application. By co-blending of sericin, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs), the ZnONPs-sericin/PVA composite sponge (ZnONPs-SP) was successfully prepared after freeze-drying. Scanning electron microscopy showed the porous structure of ZnONPs-SP. Energy dispersive spectroscopy indicated the existence of Zn in the sponge. X-ray diffractometry revealed the hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnONPs. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed the biologic coupling of ZnONPs and sericin resulted in a decrease of α-helix and random coil contents, and an increase of β-sheet structure in the sponge. The swelling experiment suggested ZnONPs-SP has high porosity, good hydrophilicity, and water absorption capability. The plate bacterial colony counting coupled with growth curve assays demonstrated that the composite sponge has an efficiently bacteriostatic effect against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, respectively. Furthermore, the cell compatibility analysis suggested the composite sponge has excellent cytocompatibility on NIH3T3 cells. In all, ZnONPs-SP composite sponge has significant potentials in biomaterials such as wound dressing and tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Ai
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Huawei He
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
- College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Rui Cai
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Gang Tao
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Meirong Yang
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Liying Liu
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Hua Zuo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Ping Zhao
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Yejing Wang
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
- College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Napi MLM, Sultan SM, Ismail R, How KW, Ahmad MK. Electrochemical-Based Biosensors on Different Zinc Oxide Nanostructures: A Review. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12182985. [PMID: 31540160 PMCID: PMC6766311 DOI: 10.3390/ma12182985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical biosensors have shown great potential in the medical diagnosis field. The performance of electrochemical biosensors depends on the sensing materials used. ZnO nanostructures play important roles as the active sites where biological events occur, subsequently defining the sensitivity and stability of the device. ZnO nanostructures have been synthesized into four different dimensional formations, which are zero dimensional (nanoparticles and quantum dots), one dimensional (nanorods, nanotubes, nanofibers, and nanowires), two dimensional (nanosheets, nanoflakes, nanodiscs, and nanowalls) and three dimensional (hollow spheres and nanoflowers). The zero-dimensional nanostructures could be utilized for creating more active sites with a larger surface area. Meanwhile, one-dimensional nanostructures provide a direct and stable pathway for rapid electron transport. Two-dimensional nanostructures possess a unique polar surface for enhancing the immobilization process. Finally, three-dimensional nanostructures create extra surface area because of their geometric volume. The sensing performance of each of these morphologies toward the bio-analyte level makes ZnO nanostructures a suitable candidate to be applied as active sites in electrochemical biosensors for medical diagnostic purposes. This review highlights recent advances in various dimensions of ZnO nanostructures towards electrochemical biosensor applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Luqman Mohd Napi
- Computational Nanoelectronic Research Lab, School of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Bahru, Skudai 81310, Malaysia
| | - Suhana Mohamed Sultan
- Computational Nanoelectronic Research Lab, School of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Bahru, Skudai 81310, Malaysia.
| | - Razali Ismail
- Computational Nanoelectronic Research Lab, School of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Bahru, Skudai 81310, Malaysia
| | - Khoo Wei How
- Computational Nanoelectronic Research Lab, School of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Bahru, Skudai 81310, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Khairul Ahmad
- Microelectronics and Nanotechnology-Shamsuddin Research Centre, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja 86400, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Vivekanandhan S. Combustion Process Using Plant‐Based Fuels for the Synthesis of Metal‐ Oxide Nanostructures. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201900103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Singaravelu Vivekanandhan
- Sustainable Materials and Nanotechnology LabDepartment of PhysicsV.H.N.S.N. College (Autonomous) Virudhunagar- 626 001, Tamilnadu India
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Li H, Zhang L, Mao Y, Wen C, Zhao P. A Simple Electrochemical Route to Access Amorphous Co-Ni Hydroxide for Non-enzymatic Glucose Sensing. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2019; 14:135. [PMID: 30997590 PMCID: PMC6470241 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-019-2966-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Among the numerous transition metal hydroxide materials, cobalt- and nickel-based hydroxides have been extensively studied for their excellent electrochemical performances such as non-enzymatic electrochemical sensors. Binary cobalt-nickel hydroxide has received extensive attention for its exceptionally splendid electrochemical behaviors as a promising glucose sensor material. In this work, we report the synthesis of three-dimensional amorphous Co-Ni hydroxide nanostructures with homogeneous distribution of elements via a simple and chemically clean electrochemical deposition method. The amorphous Co-Ni hydroxide, as a non-enzymatic glucose sensor material, exhibits a superior biosensing performance toward glucose detection for its superior electron transfer capability, high specific surface area, and abundant intrinsic redox couples of Ni2+/Ni3+ and Co2+/Co3+/Co4+ ions. The as-synthesized amorphous Co-Ni hydroxide holds great potential in glucose monitoring and detection as non-enzymatic glucose sensors with high sensitivity 1911.5 μA mM-1 cm-2 at low concentration, wide linear range of 0.00025-1 mM and 1-5 mM, low detection limit of 0.127 μM, super long-term stability, and excellent selectivity in 0.5 M NaOH solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Li
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry (INPC), China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), Mianyang, 621999 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry (INPC), China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), Mianyang, 621999 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiwu Mao
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry (INPC), China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), Mianyang, 621999 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengwei Wen
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry (INPC), China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), Mianyang, 621999 People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry (INPC), China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), Mianyang, 621999 People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ai L, Wang Y, Tao G, Zhao P, Umar A, Wang P, He H. Polydopamine-Based Surface Modification of ZnO Nanoparticles on Sericin/Polyvinyl Alcohol Composite Film for Antibacterial Application. Molecules 2019; 24:E503. [PMID: 30704137 PMCID: PMC6384743 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Silk sericin (SS) is a type of natural macromolecular protein with excellent hydrophilicity, biocompatibility and biodegradability, but also has very poor mechanical properties. To develop sericin-based wound dressings, we utilized polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to reinforce the mechanical property of sericin by blending PVA and sericin, then modified zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) on SS/PVA film with the assistance of polydopamine (PDA) to endow SS/PVA film with antibacterial activity. Scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction demonstrated ZnO NPs were well grafted on PDA-SS/PVA film. Fourier transform infrared spectra suggested PDA coating and ZnONPs modification did not alter the structure of sericin and PVA. Water contact angle and swelling tests indicated the excellent hydrophilicity and swellability of ZnO NPs-PDA-SS/PVA composite film. Mass loss analysis showed ZnO NPs-PDA-SS/PVA film had excellent stability. The mechanical performance test suggested the improved tensile strength and elongation at break could meet the requirement of ZnO NPs-PDA-SS/PVA film in biomaterial applications. The antibacterial assay suggested the prepared ZnO NPs-PDA-SS/PVA composite film had a degree of antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The excellent hydrophilicity, swellability, stability, mechanical property and antibacterial activity greatly promote the possibility of ZnO NPs-PDA-SS/PVA composite film in antibacterial biomaterials application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Yejing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
- College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Gang Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Ping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Ahmad Umar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts and Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronics Devices, Najran University, P.O. Box: 1988, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Huawei He
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Koçoğlu İO, Erden PE, Kenar A, Kılıç E. Application of central composite design for the optimization of electrode surface composition for glucose biosensor fabrication. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 411:413-425. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1454-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
28
|
Structural, morphological, optical and biological properties of pure ZnO and agar/zinc oxide nanocomposites. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 117:959-966. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.04.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
29
|
Ridhuan NS, Abdul Razak K, Lockman Z. Fabrication and Characterization of Glucose Biosensors by Using Hydrothermally Grown ZnO Nanorods. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13722. [PMID: 30213995 PMCID: PMC6137152 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32127-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly oriented ZnO nanorod (NR) arrays were fabricated on a seeded substrate through a hydrothermal route. The prepared ZnO nanorods were used as an amperometric enzyme electrode, in which glucose oxidase (GOx) was immobilised through physical adsorption. The modified electrode was designated as Nafion/GOx/ZnO NRs/ITO. The morphology and structural properties of the fabricated ZnO nanorods were analysed using field-emission scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffractometer. The electrochemical properties of the fabricated biosensor were studied by cyclic voltammetry and amperometry. Electrolyte pH, electrolyte temperature and enzyme concentration used for immobilisation were the examined parameters influencing enzyme activity and biosensor performance. The immobilised enzyme electrode showed good GOx retention activity. The amount of electroactive GOx was 7.82 × 10−8 mol/cm2, which was relatively higher than previously reported values. The Nafion/GOx/ZnO NRs/ITO electrode also displayed a linear response to glucose ranging from 0.05 mM to 1 mM, with a sensitivity of 48.75 µA/mM and a low Michaelis–Menten constant of 0.34 mM. Thus, the modified electrode can be used as a highly sensitive third-generation glucose biosensor with high resistance against interfering species, such as ascorbic acid, uric acid and L-cysteine. The applicability of the modified electrode was tested using human blood samples. Results were comparable with those obtained using a standard glucometer, indicating the excellent performance of the modified electrode.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nur Syafinaz Ridhuan
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Khairunisak Abdul Razak
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia. .,NanoBiotechnology Research & Innovation (NanoBRI), INFORMM, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Zainovia Lockman
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
A review on bio-synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles using plant extracts as reductants and stabilizing agents. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 183:201-221. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
31
|
Magesh G, Bhoopathi G, Nithya N, Arun AP, Ranjith Kumar E. Effect of Biopolymer Blend Matrix on Structural, Optical and Biological Properties of Chitosan–Agar Blend ZnO Nanocomposites. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-018-0848-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
32
|
A nanoporous palladium(II) bridged coordination polymer acting as a peroxidase mimic in a method for visual detection of glucose in tear and saliva. Mikrochim Acta 2018; 185:245. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-018-2776-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
33
|
An ultrasensitive non-enzymatic glucose sensors based on controlled petal-like CuO nanostructure. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.10.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
34
|
Saravanan M, Gopinath V, Chaurasia MK, Syed A, Ameen F, Purushothaman N. Green synthesis of anisotropic zinc oxide nanoparticles with antibacterial and cytofriendly properties. Microb Pathog 2017; 115:57-63. [PMID: 29248514 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) exhibit abundant biomedical applications. Anisotropic ZnONPs with a defined shape and size were synthesized using Bacillus megaterium (NCIM 2326) cell free extract as a bio-reductant. The study investigated the multidimensional effect of ZnONPs on Helicobacter pylori strains and assessed its biosafety in normal human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSc). The highly stable ZnONPs were produced using B. megaterium and Zinc nitrate as a precursor. The phase of ZnONPs formation and structural characterization were performed by UV- visible (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Field Emission Scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis. Furthermore, the ZnONPs exhibited higher biocompatibility against human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) and proved to be potentially safe in mammalian cells. Corroborating the current investigation, we described the anti-H. Pylori dosage of ZnONPs was safe to hMSC and could efficiently use as nano-antibiotic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Saravanan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Ethiopia; Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM University, Kattankulathur, 603203, India
| | - V Gopinath
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Malaysia.
| | - Mukesh Kumar Chaurasia
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM University, Kattankulathur, 603203, India
| | - Asad Syed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fuad Ameen
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - N Purushothaman
- Department of Genetic Engineering and SRM Research Institue, SRM University, Kattankulathur, 603203, India
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Development of temozolomide coated nano zinc oxide for reversing the resistance of malignant glioma stem cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 83:44-50. [PMID: 29208287 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Recently most of the researchers have turned their interest towards plant mediated synthesis of metal nanoparticles to avoid several environmental toxicants. In this manuscript, we have discussed the ecofriendly syntheses of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were achieved using Glycyrrhiza glabra (G. glabra) seed aqueous extract. The green synthesized ZnO NPs were characterized using analytical techniques like XRD, TEM, particle size histogram and Zeta potential. From the results, it was found that the green synthesized ZnO NPs were around 35nm in size with irregular spherical shape. The Zeta potential study of ZnO NPs was resulted to be high stabile with electronegative charge around -56.3mV. Further the G. glabra seed aqueous extract mediated synthesis of ZnO NPs were subjected to treat human glioblastoma cells with the help of temozolomide (TMZ) a commercially available drug by the method of MTT cell viability assay. The results stated that the ZnO NPs shows IC50 value around 30μg/mL results significantly. The plausible mechanism behind the mortality rate was also discussed in this manuscript.
Collapse
|