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Ngema L, Adeyemi SA, Marimuthu T, Ubanako PN, Ngwa W, Choonara YE. Short Antiangiogenic MMP-2 Peptide-Decorated Conjugated Linoleic Acid-Coated SPIONs for Targeted Paclitaxel Delivery in an A549 Cell Xenograft Mouse Tumor Model. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:700-713. [PMID: 38222506 PMCID: PMC10785664 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The design of targeted antiangiogenic nanovectors for the delivery of anticancer drugs presents a viable approach for effective management of nonsmall-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Herein, we report on the fabrication of a targeted delivery nanosystem for paclitaxel (PTX) functionalized with a short antimatrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) CTT peptide for selective MMP-2 targeting and effective antitumor activity in NSCLC. The fabrication of the targeted nanosystem (CLA-coated PTX-SPIONs@CTT) involved coating of superparamagnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) via chemisorption, onto which PTX was adsorbed, and subsequent surface functionalization with carboxylic acid groups for conjugation of the CTT peptide. CLA-coated PTX SPIONs@CTT had a mean particle size of 99.4 nm and a PTX loading efficiency of ∼98.5%. The nanosystem exhibited a site-specific in vitro PTX release and a marked antiproliferative action on lung adenocarcinoma cells. The CTT-functionalized nanosystem significantly inhibited MMP-2 secretion by almost 70% from endothelial cells, indicating specific anti-MMP-2 activity. Treatment of tumor-bearing mice with subcutaneous injection of the CTT-functionalized nanosystem resulted in 69.7% tumor inhibition rate, and the administration of the nanosystem subcutaneously prolonged the half-life of PTX and circulation time in vivo. As such, CLA-coated PTX-SPIONs@CTT presents with potential for application as a targeted nanomedicine in NSCLC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindokuhle
M. Ngema
- Wits
Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy
and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health
Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Samson A. Adeyemi
- Wits
Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy
and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health
Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Thashree Marimuthu
- Wits
Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy
and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health
Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Philemon N. Ubanako
- Wits
Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy
and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health
Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Wilfred Ngwa
- Sidney
Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns
Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Yahya E. Choonara
- Wits
Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy
and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health
Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
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Ngema LM, Adeyemi SA, Marimuthu T, Ubanako PN, Ngwa W, Choonara YE. Surface Immobilization of Anti-VEGF Peptide on SPIONs for Antiangiogenic and Targeted Delivery of Paclitaxel in Non-Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023. [PMID: 37384895 PMCID: PMC10354746 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
A design has been established for the surface decoration of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor peptide, HRH, to formulate a targeted paclitaxel (PTX) delivery nanosystem with notable tumor targetability and antiangiogenic activity. The design methodology included (i) tandem surface functionalization via coupling reactions, (ii) pertinent physicochemical characterization, (iii) in vitro assessment of drug release, anti-proliferative activity, and quantification of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) levels, and (iv) in vivo testing using a lung tumor xenograft mouse model. Formulated CLA-coated PTX-SPIONs@HRH depicted a size and surface charge of 108.5 ± 3.5 nm and -30.4 ± 2.3 mV, respectively, and a quasi-spherical shape relative to pristine SPIONs. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis and estimation of free carboxylic groups supported the preparation of the CLA-coated PTX-SPIONs@HRH. CLA-coated PTX-SPIONs@HRH exhibited high PTX loading efficiency (98.5%) and sustained release in vitro, with a marked dose dependent anti-proliferative activity in A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells, complimented by an enhanced cellular uptake. CLA-coated PTX-SPIONs@HRH significantly reduced secretion levels of VEGF-A in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells from 46.9 to 35.6 pg/mL compared to untreated control. A 76.6% tumor regression was recorded in a lung tumor xenograft mouse model following intervention with CLA-coated PTX-SPIONs@HRH, demonstrating tumor targetability and angiogenesis inhibition. CLA-coated PTX-SPIONs@HRH enhanced the half-life of PTX by almost 2-folds and demonstrated a prolonged PTX plasma circulation time from a subcutaneous injection (SC). Thus, it is suggested that CLA-coated PTX-SPIONs@HRH could provide a potential effective treatment modality for non-small-cell lung carcinoma as a nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindokuhle M Ngema
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Samson A Adeyemi
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Thashree Marimuthu
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Philemon N Ubanako
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Wilfred Ngwa
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Yahya E Choonara
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
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Ngema LM, Adeyemi SA, Marimuthu T, Ubanako P, Wamwangi D, Choonara YE. Synthesis of Novel Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA)-Coated Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs) for the Delivery of Paclitaxel with Enhanced In Vitro Anti-Proliferative Activity on A549 Lung Cancer Cells. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040829. [PMID: 35456663 PMCID: PMC9031641 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs) as a nanomedicine for Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma (NSCLC) can provide effective delivery of anticancer drugs with minimal side-effects. SPIONs have the flexibility to be modified to achieve enhanced oading of hydrophobic anticancer drugs such as paclitaxel (PTX). The purpose of this study was to synthesize novel trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)-coated SPIONs loaded with PTX to enhance the anti-proliferative activity of PTX. CLA-coated PTX-SPIONs with a particle size and zeta potential of 96.5 ± 0.6 nm and −27.3 ± 1.9 mV, respectively, were synthesized. The superparamagnetism of the CLA-coated PTX-SPIONs was confirmed, with saturation magnetization of 60 emu/g and 29 Oe coercivity. CLA-coated PTX-SPIONs had a drug loading efficiency of 98.5% and demonstrated sustained site-specific in vitro release of PTX over 24 h (i.e., 94% at pH 6.8 mimicking the tumor microenvironment). Enhanced anti-proliferative activity was also observed with the CLA-coated PTX-SPIONs against a lung adenocarcinoma (A549) cell line after 72 h, with a recorded cell viability of 17.1%. The CLA-coated PTX-SPIONs demonstrated enhanced suppression of A549 cell proliferation compared to pristine PTX, thus suggesting potential application of the nanomedicine as an effective site-specific delivery system for enhanced therapeutic activity in NSCLC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindokuhle M. Ngema
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; (L.M.N.); (S.A.A.); (T.M.); (P.U.)
| | - Samson A. Adeyemi
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; (L.M.N.); (S.A.A.); (T.M.); (P.U.)
| | - Thashree Marimuthu
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; (L.M.N.); (S.A.A.); (T.M.); (P.U.)
| | - Philemon Ubanako
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; (L.M.N.); (S.A.A.); (T.M.); (P.U.)
| | - Daniel Wamwangi
- School of Physics, Materials Physics Research Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa;
| | - Yahya E. Choonara
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; (L.M.N.); (S.A.A.); (T.M.); (P.U.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-11-717-2052
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Miola M, Vernè E. In situ reduction of Ag on magnetic nanoparticles with gallic acid: effect of the synthesis parameters on morphology. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2022; 17:499-511. [PMID: 35293220 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Synthesis of Fe3O4-Ag composite nanoparticles (NPs) by a new in situ reduction of Ag NPs on the surface of Fe3O4 NPs using gallic acid as a reducing agent. Materials & methods: The influence of process parameters on NP morphology and functionalization was evaluated by means of field-emission scanning/scanning transmission electron microscopy and Fourier-transform IR spectroscopy. Results & conclusion: The synthesis conditions affected the morphology of the obtained NPs, evidence of the formation of polydispersed aggregates, nanoflower-like or nanodumbbell nanocomposites. In particular, well-defined nanodumbbells were obtained in aqueous media, with an NP/gallic acid ratio of 10:1, while the presence of a silica shell did not improve the morphology of Ag NPs nucleated on the Fe3O4 core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Miola
- Department of Applied Science & Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Torino, 10129, Italy.,PolitoBioMED Lab, Politecnico di Torino, Politecnico di Torino, Via Piercarlo Boggio 59, Torino, 10138, Italy
| | - Enrica Vernè
- Department of Applied Science & Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Torino, 10129, Italy.,PolitoBioMED Lab, Politecnico di Torino, Politecnico di Torino, Via Piercarlo Boggio 59, Torino, 10138, Italy
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Ma Q, Chai Y, Yang Z, Huang A. Deciphering the mechanisms of Limosilactobacillus fermentum L1 involved in conjugated linoleic acid regulated by luxS/AI-2 quorum sensing. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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6
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Self-crosslinked admicelle of sodium conjugated linoleate@nano-CaCO3 and its stimuli–response to Ca2+/pH/CO2 triple triggers. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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7
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Ngema LM, Adeyemi SA, Marimuthu T, Choonara YE. A review on engineered magnetic nanoparticles in Non-Small-Cell lung carcinoma targeted therapy. Int J Pharm 2021; 606:120870. [PMID: 34245844 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There are growing appeals forthe design of efficacious treatment options for non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) as it accrues to ~ 85% cases of lung cancer. Although platinum-based doublet chemotherapy has been the main therapeutic intervention in NSCLC management, this leads to myriad of problems including intolerability to the doublet regimens and detrimental side effects due to high doses. A new approach is therefore needed and warrants the design of targeted drug delivery systems that can halt tumor proliferation and metastasis by targeting key molecules, while exhibiting minimal side effects and toxicity. This review aims to explore the rational design of magnetic nanoparticles for the development of tumor-targeting systems for NSCLC. In the review, we explore the anticancer merits of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and provide a concise incursion into its application for the invention of functionalized magnetic nanoparticles in the targeted treatment of NSCLC. Recent nanoparticle-based targeted chemotherapies for targeting angiogenesis biomarkers in NSCLC will also be reviewed to further highlight versatility of magnetic nanoparticles. These developments through molecular tuning at the nanoscale and supported by comprehensive pre-clinical studies could lead to the establishment of precise nanosystems for tumor-homing cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindokuhle M Ngema
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa
| | - Samson A Adeyemi
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa
| | - Thashree Marimuthu
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa
| | - Yahya E Choonara
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa.
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8
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Mohammad I. Gold nanoparticle: An efficient carrier for MCP I of Carica papaya seeds extract as an innovative male contraceptive in albino rats. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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9
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Xiao S, Zhang Y, Xie J, Wen Z. Ultrasonic-assisted extraction of squalene and vitamin E based oil from Zizyphi Spinosae Semen and evaluation of its antioxidant activity. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-018-9899-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Ghasemi A, Rabiee N, Ahmadi S, Hashemzadeh S, Lolasi F, Bozorgomid M, Kalbasi A, Nasseri B, Shiralizadeh Dezfuli A, Aref AR, Karimi M, Hamblin MR. Optical assays based on colloidal inorganic nanoparticles. Analyst 2018; 143:3249-3283. [PMID: 29924108 PMCID: PMC6042520 DOI: 10.1039/c8an00731d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal inorganic nanoparticles have wide applications in the detection of analytes and in biological assays. A large number of these assays rely on the ability of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs, in the 20 nm diameter size range) to undergo a color change from red to blue upon aggregation. AuNP assays can be based on cross-linking, non-cross linking or unmodified charge-based aggregation. Nucleic acid-based probes, monoclonal antibodies, and molecular-affinity agents can be attached by covalent or non-covalent means. Surface plasmon resonance and SERS techniques can be utilized. Silver NPs also have attractive optical properties (higher extinction coefficient). Combinations of AuNPs and AgNPs in nanocomposites can have additional advantages. Magnetic NPs and ZnO, TiO2 and ZnS as well as insulator NPs including SiO2 can be employed in colorimetric assays, and some can act as peroxidase mimics in catalytic applications. This review covers the synthesis and stabilization of inorganic NPs and their diverse applications in colorimetric and optical assays for analytes related to environmental contamination (metal ions and pesticides), and for early diagnosis and monitoring of diseases, using medically important biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ghasemi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran and Advances Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Navid Rabiee
- Department of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Ahmadi
- Advances Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran and Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Shabnam Hashemzadeh
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran and Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farshad Lolasi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technologies, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, 81746-73441, Iran and Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Bozorgomid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Islamic Azad University of Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Kalbasi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Behzad Nasseri
- Departments of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology and Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran and Chemical Engineering Deptartment and Bioengineeing Division, Hacettepe University, 06800, Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli
- Advances Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran and Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mahdi Karimi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. and Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA. and Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA and Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Ricci M, Miola M, Multari C, Borroni E, Canuto RA, Congiusta N, Vernè E, Follenzi A, Muzio G. PPARs are mediators of anti-cancer properties of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) functionalized with conjugated linoleic acid. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 292:9-14. [PMID: 29986832 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer chemotherapy can cause side effects due to nonspecific drug delivery, low solubility and fast metabolism of drugs used in conventional therapy. Moreover, the therapeutic effect of the drugs is often reduced by the strengthening of chemoresistance, which occurs via a variety of mechanisms. Different strategies have been developed to reduce multidrug resistance (MDR)-associated gene expressions including the use of surfactants and polymers. In this study superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) functionalized with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) reduced the number and viability of cells in comparison with both untreated cells or cells treated with SPIONs alone. This cytostatic effect correlated with the increase of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors γ (PPARγ). The necrotic cell death induced, as a consequence, an inflammatory process, as evidenced by the decrease of the anti-inflammatory PPARα and increase of pro-inflammatory TNFα and IL-1β. PPARs were examined because CLA is one of their natural ligands. The antitumor effect observed was accompanied by a down-regulation of p-glycoprotein (P-gp), which was the first important discovered efflux transporter belonging to MDR, and of ALDH3A1, an enzyme able to metabolize some drugs, reducing their effects. The down-regulation of P-gp correlated with the increase of cytokines. The ALDH3A1 decrease correlated with the increase of PPARγ. Based on these results, PPARs are molecular mediators of anti-cancer effect of SPIONs functionalized with CLA, being changes in these nuclear receptors correlated with induction of cytotoxicity and inflammation, and decreased ability of cancer cells in blocking anti-cancer drug effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Ricci
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125, Turin, Italy.
| | - Marta Miola
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Turin, Italy.
| | - Cristina Multari
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Turin, Italy.
| | - Ester Borroni
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Amedeo Avogadro" of East Piedmont, Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy.
| | - Rosa Angela Canuto
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125, Turin, Italy.
| | - Noemi Congiusta
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Enrica Vernè
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Turin, Italy.
| | - Antonia Follenzi
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Amedeo Avogadro" of East Piedmont, Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy.
| | - Giuliana Muzio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125, Turin, Italy.
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