1
|
Challenges and opportunities in the delivery of cancer therapeutics: update on recent progress. Ther Deliv 2020; 12:55-76. [PMID: 33307811 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2020-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Global cancer prevalence has continuously increased in the last decades despite substantial progress achieved for patient care. Cancer is no longer recognized as a singular disease but as a plurality of different ones, leading to the important choice of the drug administration route and promoting the development of novel drug-delivery systems (DDS). Due to their structural diversity, therapeutic cancer drugs present specific challenges in physicochemical properties that can adversely affect their efficacy and toxicity profile. These challenges are addressed by innovative DDS to improve bioavailability, pharmacokinetics and biodistribution profiles. Here, we define the drug delivery challenges related to oral, intravenous, subcutaneous or alternative routes of administration, and review innovative DDS, marketed or in development, that answer those challenges.
Collapse
|
2
|
Kubo AL, Vasiliev G, Vija H, Krishtal J, Tõugu V, Visnapuu M, Kisand V, Kahru A, Bondarenko OM. Surface carboxylation or PEGylation decreases CuO nanoparticles' cytotoxicity to human cells in vitro without compromising their antibacterial properties. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:1561-1573. [PMID: 32253467 PMCID: PMC7261733 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02720-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Clinical use of CuO nanoparticles (NPs) as antibacterials can be hampered by their toxicity to human cells. We hypothesized that certain surface functionalizations of CuO NPs may render NPs toxic to bacteria, but still be relatively harmless to human cells. To control this hypothesis, the toxicity of differently functionalized CuO NPs to bacteria Escherichia coli vs human cells (THP-1 macrophages and HACAT keratinocytes) was compared using similar conditions and end points. CuO NPs functionalized with polyethylene glycol (CuO-PEG), carboxyl (CuO-COOH, anionic), ammonium (CuO-NH4+, cationic) and unfunctionalized CuO NPs and CuSO4 (controls) were tested. In general, the toxicity of Cu compounds decreased in the following order: CuO-NH4+ > unfunctionalized CuO > CuSO4 > CuO-COOH > CuO-PEG. Positively charged unfunctionalized CuO and especially CuO-NH4+ proved most toxic (24-h EC50 = 21.7-47 mg/l) and had comparable toxicity to bacterial and mammalian cells. The multivariate analysis revealed that toxicity of these NPs was mostly attributed to their positive zeta potential, small hydrodynamic size, high Cu dissolution, and induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and TNF-α. In contrast, CuO-COOH and CuO-PEG NPs had lower toxicity to human cells compared to bacteria despite efficient uptake of these NPs by human cells. In addition, these NPs did not induce TNF-α and ROS. Thus, by varying the NP functionalization and Cu form (soluble salt vs NPs), it was possible to "target" the toxicity of Cu compounds, whereas carboxylation and PEGylation rendered CuO NPs that were more toxic to bacteria than to human cells envisaging their use in medical antibacterial products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Liisa Kubo
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Grigory Vasiliev
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, Tallinn, Estonia
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, TalTech, Akadeemia tee 15, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Heiki Vija
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Jekaterina Krishtal
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, TalTech, Akadeemia tee 15, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Vello Tõugu
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, TalTech, Akadeemia tee 15, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Meeri Visnapuu
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwaldi 1, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Vambola Kisand
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwaldi 1, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Anne Kahru
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, Tallinn, Estonia.
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Olesja M Bondarenko
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, Tallinn, Estonia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Azevedo C, Macedo MH, Sarmento B. Strategies for the enhanced intracellular delivery of nanomaterials. Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:944-959. [PMID: 28919437 PMCID: PMC7108348 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The intracellular delivery of nanomaterials and drugs has been attracting increasing research interest, mainly because of their important effects and functions in several organelles. Targeting specific organelles can help treat or decrease the symptoms of diabetes, cancer, infectious, and autoimmune diseases. Tuning biological and chemical properties enables the creation of functionalized nanomaterials with enhanced intracellular uptake, ability to escape premature lysosome degradation, and to reach a specific target. Here, we provide an update of recent advances in the intracellular delivery mechanisms that could help drugs reach their target more efficiently.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Azevedo
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Helena Macedo
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde & Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, Gandra, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|