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Allaboun H, Alkhamis KA, Al-Nimry SS. Preparation of Sustained Release Formulation of Verapamil Hydrochloride Using Ion Exchange Resins. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:114. [PMID: 37127745 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02569-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this investigation was to formulate and evaluate the interaction between cation exchange resins and verapamil hydrochloride. The uptake studies were conducted using the rotating bottle apparatus. The Langmuir-like equation was applied to the experimental data and the maximum drug loading was determined from the Langmuir-like parameters. The drug-resin complexes were evaluated using XRD, SEM, and particle size analysis. Release studies were performed using USP dissolution apparatus 2. The resin with the lowest percentage of cross-linking had the highest uptake capacity. The percent increase in particle size due to complexation was found to be associated with drug loading; the highest drug loading had the highest increase in particle size. The X-ray diffraction patterns of the resins and the drug-resin complexes showed that they were both amorphous. The maximum drug release was approximately 40% when conventional dissolution testing was used. Results showed that sink conditions could not be maintained using conventional dissolution methods. Maximum drug release increased dramatically by increasing the volume of samples withdrawn and fresh dissolution medium added. Excellent correlation was obtained between sample volume and drug release rate with an R-value of 0.988. Particle diffusion-controlled model and film diffusion-controlled model were both applied to the experimental data. The results indicated that the rate-limiting step is the diffusion of the exchanging cations through the liquid film. The modified release formulation was prepared successfully and correlated very well with the USP monograph for verapamil hydrochloride extended release capsules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Allaboun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Khouloud A Alkhamis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
| | - Suhair S Al-Nimry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Kritskiy I, Volkova T, Sapozhnikova T, Mazur A, Tolstoy P, Terekhova I. Methotrexate-loaded metal-organic frameworks on the basis of γ-cyclodextrin: Design, characterization, in vitro and in vivo investigation. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 111:110774. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Kahya N, Gölcü A, Erim FB. Barium ion cross-linked alginate-carboxymethyl cellulose composites for controlled release of anticancer drug methotrexate. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Cationic Moieties in Polystyrene Gels Swollen with d-Limonene Improved Transdermal Delivery System. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10111200. [PMID: 30961125 PMCID: PMC6290618 DOI: 10.3390/polym10111200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
d-limonene, a terpene and natural compound, has been found to be an excellent penetration enhancer for transdermal drug delivery (TDD). It hence has been incorporated within various transdermal formulations. Herein, we report the application of polystyrene gel swollen with d-limonene and its derivatives for TDD. Poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) (PS gel), poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene-co-4-vinylpyridine) (PS-4VP) gel and poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene-co-(vinylbenzyl) trimethylammonium chloride) (PS-VBAC gel) were employed as chemical gels to improve the stability of the TDD substrates. The drug permeation properties from the PS gels swollen in limonene were examined, regarding the effect of its network density as well as their rheological properties. The lowest density of the network showed the highest steady flux of the permeation at 43.7 ± 0.3 μg/cm². FT-IR spectra were confirmed for PS-4VP and PS-VBAC, bearing cationic moieties and they could control the release of ibuprofen by the electrostatic interaction at the interface of organogel and skin. The steady state flux of skin permeation got low values from 55.2 ± 0.8 to 11.6 ± 2.0 μg/cm², when the cationic moieties were increased. Moreover, the chemical network of PS gel swollen in limonene showed high mechanical stability illustrated by elastic modulus (G') of about 98 kPa for 10% cross-linked PS gel. The developed PS gels swollen in limonene show highly promising results, suggesting their possible application in TDD.
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Neuro-fuzzy modeling of ibuprofen-sustained release from tablets based on different cellulose derivatives. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2018; 9:162-177. [DOI: 10.1007/s13346-018-00592-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Charoensumran P, Ajiro H. The electrostatic advantages of cross-linked polystyrene organogels swollen with limonene for selective adsorption and storage of hydrophobic drugs. Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-018-0099-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Wang X, Cao Y, Yan H. Chlorambucil loaded in mesoporous polymeric microspheres as oral sustained release formulations with enhanced hydrolytic stability. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 91:564-569. [PMID: 30033288 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.05.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Chlorambucil, a chemotherapeutic agent, is usually administered orally to treat chronic lymphocytic leukemia and some other types of cancers in regimens of conventional and metronomic chemotherapies. However, the hydrolytic instability of chlorambucil is a major limitation in achieving the optimum therapeutic performance. In this work, mesoporous polymeric microspheres were prepared by free radical suspension copolymerization of methyl acrylate and divinylbenzene in the presence of porogen. Chlorambucil was loaded into the mesoporous polymeric microspheres through adsorption of the drug in aqueous media with high loading capacity up to more than 350 mg/g. Chlorambucil-loaded mesoporous polymeric microspheres showed sustained release property in media simulating gastrointestinal fluids, with nearly zero order release kinetics. Furthermore, the mesoporous polymeric microspheres as carriers greatly stabilized chlorambucil against its hydrolysis. The hydrolyzation percentage of chlorambucil that was adsorbed on the microspheres after incubation for 36 h in media simulating gastrointestinal fluids was less than 10%, while more than 90% of free chlorambucil hydrolyzed after incubation in the same media for 4 h. The chlorambucil-loaded mesoporous polymeric microspheres may be used as oral sustained release formulations, especially as oral formulations for the application in metronomic chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yanyan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Husheng Yan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300071, China.
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Crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel microspheres containing dispersed fenofibrate nanocrystals as an oral sustained delivery system. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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de Lima Fontes M, Meneguin AB, Tercjak A, Gutierrez J, Cury BSF, Dos Santos AM, Ribeiro SJL, Barud HS. Effect of in situ modification of bacterial cellulose with carboxymethylcellulose on its nano/microstructure and methotrexate release properties. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 179:126-134. [PMID: 29111035 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose/carboxymethylcelullose (BC/CMC) biocomposites with different DS-CMC (DS from 0.7 to 1.2) were developed in order to evaluate their impact as a drug delivery system. Biocomposites were loaded with methotrexate (MTX) as an alternative for the topical treatment of psoriasis. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy showed that the CMC coated the cellulose nanofibers, leading to the decrease of the elastic modulus as the DS of CMC increased. BC/CMC0.9 exhibited the lower liquid uptake (up to 11 times lower), suggesting that the more linear structure of the intermediate substitute CMC grade (0.9) was able to interact more strongly with BC, resulting in a denser structure. All samples showed a typical burst release effect in the first 15min of test, however the BC/CMC0.9 biocomposite promoted a slight lowering of MTX release rates, suggesting that the DS of CMC can be considered the key factor to modulate the BC properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andréia Bagliotti Meneguin
- University of Araraquara - UNIARA, 14801-320, Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Centro de Ciências da Natureza- CNN, Federal University of Piaui - UFPI, 64049-550, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Agnieszka Tercjak
- Group 'Materials + Technologies' (GMT), Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Engineering College of Gipuzkoa, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Junkal Gutierrez
- Group 'Materials + Technologies' (GMT), Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Engineering College of Gipuzkoa, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Beatriz Stringhetti Ferreira Cury
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, SãoPaulo State University - UNESP, 14800-903, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline Martins Dos Santos
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, SãoPaulo State University - UNESP, 14800-903, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sidney J L Ribeiro
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, 14801-970, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Hernane S Barud
- University of Araraquara - UNIARA, 14801-320, Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, 14801-970, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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