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Wu N, Gao H, Wang X, Pei X. Surface Modification of Titanium Implants by Metal Ions and Nanoparticles for Biomedical Application. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:2970-2990. [PMID: 37184344 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Implant surface modification can improve osseointegration and reduce peri-implant inflammation. Implant surfaces are modified with metals because of their excellent mechanical properties and significant functions. Metal surface modification is divided into metal ions and nanoparticle surface modification. These two methods function by adding a finishing metal to the surface of the implant, and both play a role in promoting osteogenic, angiogenic, and antibacterial properties. Based on this, the nanostructural surface changes confer stronger antibacterial and cellular affinity to the implant surface. The current paper reviews the forms, mechanisms, and applications of nanoparticles and metal ion modifications to provide a foundation for the surface modification of implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Hongyu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xibo Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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dos Santos Gomes D, de Sousa Victor R, de Sousa BV, de Araújo Neves G, de Lima Santana LN, Menezes RR. Ceramic Nanofiber Materials for Wound Healing and Bone Regeneration: A Brief Review. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15113909. [PMID: 35683207 PMCID: PMC9182284 DOI: 10.3390/ma15113909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Ceramic nanofibers have been shown to be a new horizon of research in the biomedical area, due to their differentiated morphology, nanoroughness, nanotopography, wettability, bioactivity, and chemical functionalization properties. Therefore, considering the impact caused by the use of these nanofibers, and the fact that there are still limited data available in the literature addressing the ceramic nanofiber application in regenerative medicine, this review article aims to gather the state-of-the-art research concerning these materials, for potential use as a biomaterial for wound healing and bone regeneration, and to analyze their characteristics when considering their application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Déborah dos Santos Gomes
- Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-900, Brazil; (G.d.A.N.); (L.N.d.L.S.)
- Laboratory of Materials Technology, Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-900, Brazil
- Correspondence: (D.d.S.G.); (R.d.S.V.); (R.R.M.); Tel.: +55-083-2101-1183 (R.R.M.)
| | - Rayssa de Sousa Victor
- Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-900, Brazil; (G.d.A.N.); (L.N.d.L.S.)
- Laboratory of Materials Technology, Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-900, Brazil
- Correspondence: (D.d.S.G.); (R.d.S.V.); (R.R.M.); Tel.: +55-083-2101-1183 (R.R.M.)
| | - Bianca Viana de Sousa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-900, Brazil;
| | - Gelmires de Araújo Neves
- Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-900, Brazil; (G.d.A.N.); (L.N.d.L.S.)
| | - Lisiane Navarro de Lima Santana
- Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-900, Brazil; (G.d.A.N.); (L.N.d.L.S.)
| | - Romualdo Rodrigues Menezes
- Laboratory of Materials Technology, Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-900, Brazil
- Correspondence: (D.d.S.G.); (R.d.S.V.); (R.R.M.); Tel.: +55-083-2101-1183 (R.R.M.)
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Kajave NS, Schmitt T, Nguyen TU, Gaharwar AK, Kishore V. Bioglass incorporated methacrylated collagen bioactive ink for 3D printing of bone tissue. Biomed Mater 2020; 16. [PMID: 33142268 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/abc744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive 3D printed scaffolds are promising candidates for bone tissue engineering (BTE) applications. Here, we introduce a bioactive ink composed of Bioglass 45S5 (BG) and methacrylated collagen (CMA) for 3D printing of biomimetic constructs that resemble the organic and inorganic composition of native bone tissue. A uniform dispersion of BG particles within the collagen network improved stability and reduced swelling of collagen hydrogels. Rheological testing showed significant improvement in the yield stress and percent recovery of 3D printed constructs upon BG incorporation. Further, addition of BG improved the bone bioactivity of 3D printed constructs in stimulated body fluid. BG incorporated CMA (BG-CMA) constructs maintained high cell viability and enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity of human mesenchymal stem cells. In addition, cell-mediated calcium deposition was significantly higher on BG-CMA constructs, compared to CMA alone. In conclusion, 3D printed BG-CMA constructs have significant potential for use in BTE applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilabh S Kajave
- Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida, UNITED STATES
| | - Trevor Schmitt
- Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida, UNITED STATES
| | - Thuy-Uyen Nguyen
- Chemical Engineering, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida, UNITED STATES
| | - Akhilesh K Gaharwar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, UNITED STATES
| | - Vipuil Kishore
- Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida, UNITED STATES
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Song N, Gao Z, Li X. Tailoring nanocomposite interfaces with graphene to achieve high strength and toughness. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/42/eaba7016. [PMID: 33055154 PMCID: PMC7556841 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba7016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The nanofiller reinforcing effect in nanocomposites is often far below the theoretically predicted values, largely because of the poor interfacial interaction between the nanofillers and matrix. Here, we report that graphene-wrapped B4C nanowires (B4C-NWs@graphene) empowered exceptional dispersion of nanowires in matrix and superlative nanowire-matrix bonding. The 0.2 volume % B4C-NWs@graphene reinforced epoxy composite exhibited simultaneous enhancements in strength (144.2 MPa), elastic modulus (3.5 GPa), and ductility (15%). Tailoring the composite interfaces with graphene enabled effective utilization of the nanofillers, resulting in two times increase in load transfer efficiency. Molecular dynamics simulations unlocked the shear mixing graphene/nanowire self-assembly mechanism. This low-cost yet effective technique presents unprecedented opportunities for improving nanocomposite interfaces, enabling high load transfer efficiency, and opens up a new path for developing strong and tough nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Song
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, 122 Engineer's Way, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Zan Gao
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, 122 Engineer's Way, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, 122 Engineer's Way, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA.
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Interfacial reinforcement in bioceramic/biopolymer composite bone scaffold: The role of coupling agent. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 193:111083. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Rodrigues C, Naasani LIS, Zanatelli C, Paim TC, Azevedo JG, de Lima JC, da Cruz Fernandes M, Buchner S, Wink MR. Bioglass 45S5: Structural characterization of short range order and analysis of biocompatibility with adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 103:109781. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.109781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Scott KE, Rychel K, Ranamukhaarachchi S, Rangamani P, Fraley SI. Emerging themes and unifying concepts underlying cell behavior regulation by the pericellular space. Acta Biomater 2019; 96:81-98. [PMID: 31176842 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cells reside in a complex three-dimensional (3D) microenvironment where physical, chemical, and architectural features of the pericellular space regulate important cellular functions like migration, differentiation, and morphogenesis. A major goal of tissue engineering is to identify which properties of the pericellular space orchestrate these emergent cell behaviors and how. In this review, we highlight recent studies at the interface of biomaterials and single cell biophysics that are lending deeper insight towards this goal. Advanced methods have enabled the decoupling of architectural and mechanical features of the microenvironment, revealing multiple mechanisms of adhesion and mechanosensing modulation by biomaterials. Such studies are revealing important roles for pericellular space degradability, hydration, and adhesion competition in cell shape, volume, and differentiation regulation. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Cell fate and function are closely regulated by the local extracellular microenvironment. Advanced methods at the interface of single cell biophysics and biomaterials have shed new light on regulators of cell-pericellular space interactions by decoupling more features of the complex pericellular milieu than ever before. These findings lend deeper mechanistic insight into how biomaterials can be designed to fine-tune outcomes like differentiation, migration, and collective morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiersten E Scott
- Bioengineering, University of California San Diego Jacobs School of Engineering, 9500 Gilman Drive #0435, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Kevin Rychel
- Bioengineering, University of California San Diego Jacobs School of Engineering, 9500 Gilman Drive #0435, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Sural Ranamukhaarachchi
- Bioengineering, University of California San Diego Jacobs School of Engineering, 9500 Gilman Drive #0435, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Padmini Rangamani
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego Jacobs School of Engineering, 9500 Gilman Drive #0411, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Stephanie I Fraley
- Bioengineering, University of California San Diego Jacobs School of Engineering, 9500 Gilman Drive #0435, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Zhu DY, Lu B, Yin JH, Ke QF, Xu H, Zhang CQ, Guo YP, Gao YS. Gadolinium-doped bioglass scaffolds promote osteogenic differentiation of hBMSC via the Akt/GSK3β pathway and facilitate bone repair in vivo. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:1085-1100. [PMID: 30804672 PMCID: PMC6375113 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s193576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomaterial-induced osteogenesis is mainly related to hierarchically porous structures and bioactive components. Rare earth elements are well known to promote osteogenesis and stimulate bone repair; however, the underlying biological effects of gadolinium (Gd) element on bone regeneration are not yet known. METHODS In this study, we successfully fabricated gadolinium-doped bioglass (Gd-BG) scaffolds by combining hollow mesoporous Gd-BG microspheres with chitosan and evaluated in vitro effects and underlying mechanisms with Cell Counting Kit-8, scanning electron microscopy, alkaline phosphatase, Alizarin red staining, and polymerase chain reaction. Cranial defect model of rats was constructed to evaluate their in vivo effects. RESULTS The results indicated that Gd-BG scaffolds could promote the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). Mechanistically, the Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway was activated by the Gd-BG scaffolds. The enhancing effect of Gd-BG scaffolds on the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs was inhibited by the addition of LY294002, an inhibitor of Akt. Moreover, the in vivo cranial defect model of rats indicated that the Gd-BG scaffolds could effectively promote bone regeneration. CONCLUSION Both in vitro and in vivo results suggested that Gd-BG scaffolds have promising applications in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao-Yu Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China,
| | - Bin Lu
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China,
| | - Jun-Hui Yin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China,
| | - Qin-Fei Ke
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China,
| | - He Xu
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China,
| | - Chang-Qing Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China,
| | - Ya-Ping Guo
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China,
| | - You-Shui Gao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China,
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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Pourshahrestani S, Zeimaran E, Kadri NA, Gargiulo N, Jindal HM, Hasikin K, Naveen SV, Sekaran SD, Kamarul T. Elastomeric biocomposite of silver-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and poly(1,8-octanediol citrate): Physiochemistry and in vitro antibacterial capacity in tissue engineering applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 98:1022-1033. [PMID: 30812986 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel series of silver-doped mesoporous bioactive glass/poly(1,8-octanediol citrate) (AgMBG/POC) elastomeric biocomposite scaffolds were successfully constructed by a salt-leaching technique for the first time and the effect of inclusion of different AgMBG contents (5, 10, and 20 wt%) on physicochemical and biological properties of pure POC elastomer was evaluated. Results indicated that AgMBG particles were uniformly dispersed in the POC matrix and increasing the AgMBG concentration into POC matrix up to 20 wt% enhanced thermal behaviour, mechanical properties and water uptake ability of the composite scaffolds compared to those from POC. The 20%AgMBG/POC additionally showed higher degradation rate in Tris(hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane-HCl (Tris-HCl) compared with pure POC and lost about 26% of its initial weight after soaking for 28 days. The AgMBG phase incorporation also significantly endowed the resulting composite scaffolds with efficient antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria while preserving their favorable biocompatibility with soft tissue cells (i.e., human dermal fibroblast cells). Taken together, our results suggest that the synergistic effect of both AgMBG and POC make these newly designed AgMBG/POC composite scaffold an attractive candidate for soft tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pourshahrestani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Ehsan Zeimaran
- School of Engineering, Monash University, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nahrizul Adib Kadri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Nicola Gargiulo
- ACLabs - Laboratori di Chimica Applicata, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy; CeSMA-Centro di Servizi Metrologici e Tecnologici Avanzati, Università Federico II, Corso N. Protopisani, 80146 Napoli, Italy
| | - Hassan Mahmood Jindal
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khairunnisa Hasikin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Tunku Kamarul
- Tissue Engineering Group (TEG), National Orthopaedic Centre of Excellence in Research and Learning (NOCERAL), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Guo Y, Liang K, Ji Y. New degradable composite elastomers of POC/PCL fabricated via in-situ copolymerization blending strategy. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Wei PF, Yuan ZY, Jing W, Guan BB, Liu ZH, Zhang X, Mao JP, Chen DF, Cai Q, Yang XP. Regenerating infected bone defects with osteocompatible microspheres possessing antibacterial activity. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:272-286. [PMID: 30467569 DOI: 10.1039/c8bm00903a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of infected bone defects still remains a formidable clinical challenge, and the design of bone implants with both anti-bacterial activity and osteogenesis effects is nowadays regarded as a powerful strategy for infection control and bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites; Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials; Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- P.R. China
| | - Zuo-Ying Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites; Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials; Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- P.R. China
| | - Wei Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites; Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials; Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- P.R. China
| | - Bin-Bin Guan
- Department of Stomatology
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital
- Tianjin 300052
- P.R. China
| | - Zi-Hao Liu
- Department of Endodontics
- School and Hospital of Stomatology
- Tianjin Medical University
- Tianjin 300070
- P.R. China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Endodontics
- School and Hospital of Stomatology
- Tianjin Medical University
- Tianjin 300070
- P.R. China
| | - Jian-Ping Mao
- Department of Spine Surgery
- Beijing Jishuitan Hospital
- Beijing 100035
- P.R. China
| | - Da-Fu Chen
- Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering
- Beijing Research institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics
- Beijing Jishuitan Hospital
- Beijing 100035
- P.R. China
| | - Qing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites; Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials; Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites; Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials; Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- P.R. China
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Stodolak-Zych E, Dzierzkowska E, Matwally S, Mikołajczyk M, Gajek M, Rapacz-Kmita A. Multifunctional porous membranes with antibacterial properties. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2018.1525719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Stodolak-Zych
- Department of Biomaterials and Composites, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa Dzierzkowska
- Departments of Automatics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatics, Computer Science and Biomedical Engineering, AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland
| | - Sara Matwally
- Department of Physical Metallurgy and Powder Metallurgy, Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland
| | - Maciej Mikołajczyk
- Division of Microbiology, The University Hospital in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marcin Gajek
- Department of Ceramics and Refractories, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland
| | - Alicja Rapacz-Kmita
- Department of Ceramics and Refractories, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland
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