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Li Y, Zheng L, Mustafa G, Shao Z, Liu H, Li Y, Wang Y, Liu L, Xu C, Wang T, Zheng J, Meng F, Wang Q. Enhancing post-harvest quality of tomato fruits with chitosan oligosaccharide-zinc oxide nanocomposites: A study on biocompatibility, quality improvement, and carotenoid enhancement. Food Chem 2024; 454:139685. [PMID: 38795629 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a new composite with combination of chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), termed Chitosan Oligosaccharide-Zinc Oxide Nanocomposites (COS-ZnO NC), was designed to enhance the quality of tomato fruits during postharvest storage. SEM analysis showed a uniform distribution of COS-ZnO NC films on tomato surfaces, indicating high biocompatibility, while the FTIR spectrum confirmed the interaction of COS and ZnO NPs via hydrogen bonds. The COS-ZnO NC exerts positive effects on post-harvest quality of tomato fruits, including significantly reduced water loss, fewer skin wrinkles, increased sugar-acid ratio, and enhanced vitamin C and carotenoids accumulation. Furthermore, COS-ZnO NC induces transcription of carotenoid biosynthesis genes and promotes carotenoids storage in the chromoplast. These results suggest that the COS-ZnO NC film can significantly improve the quality traits of tomato fruits, and therefore is potential in post-harvest storage of tomato fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Lingjie Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Ghazala Mustafa
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Zhiyong Shao
- Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Haoran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yuening Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yibo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Lihong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Chenyu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Tonglin Wang
- Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Jirong Zheng
- Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Fanliang Meng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Qiaomei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
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Jamal HS, Raja R, Ahmed S, Yesiloz G, Ali SA. Immobilization of collagenase in inorganic hybrid nanoflowers with enhanced stability, proteolytic activity, and their anti-amyloid potential. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 274:133114. [PMID: 38871102 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic hybrid nanomaterials are considered as promising immobilization matrix for enzymes owing to their markedly enhanced stability and reusability. Herein, collagenase was chosen as a model enzyme to synthesize collagenase hybrid nanoflowers (Col-hNFs). Maximum collagenase activity (155.58 μmol min-1 L-1) and encapsulation yield (90 %) were observed in presence of Zn(II) ions at 0.05 mg/mL collagenase, 120 mM zinc chloride and PBS (pH 7.5). Synthesized Col-Zn-hNFs were extensively characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), circular dichroism (CD), fluorescence spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential measurements. SEM images showed flower-like morphology with average size of 5.1 μm and zeta potential of -14.3 mV. Col-Zn-hNFs demonstrated superior relative activity across wide pH and temperature ranges, presence of organic solvents and surfactants as compared to its free form. Moreover, Col-Zn-hNFs exhibited excellent shelf life stability and favorable reusability. Col-Zn-hNFs showed the ability to suppress and eradicate fully developed insulin fibrils in vitro (IC50 = 2.8 and 6.2 μg/mL, respectively). This indicates a promising inhibitory potential of Col-Zn-hNFs against insulin amyloid fibrillation. The findings suggest that the utilization of Col-Zn-hNFs as a carrier matrix holds immense potential for immobilizing collagenase with improved catalytic properties and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiza Sumaiyya Jamal
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Rameez Raja
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Shakil Ahmed
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Gurkan Yesiloz
- National Nanotechnology Research Center of Turkiye, Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University-UNAM-Universiteler Mah, 06800 Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Syed Abid Ali
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
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Shurfa MK, Girigoswami A, Sakthi Devi R, Harini K, Agraharam G, Deepika B, Pallavi P, Girigoswami K. Combinatorial Effect of Doxorubicin Entrapped in Alginate-Chitosan Hybrid Polymer and Cerium Oxide Nanocomposites on Skin Cancer Management in Mice. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:2891-2900. [PMID: 37611665 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Conventional chemotherapeutic drugs are used for cancer management, but recently nanoparticles have also been shown to contribute towards controlling cancer cell proliferation. In the present study, we focussed on analyzing the combinatorial effect of Cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles and Doxorubicin (Dox) on melanoma cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. We entrapped CeO2, Dox, and CeO2+Dox in a hybrid polymer matrix of alginate and chitosan (Alg-Cs) and used them in both in vitro and in vivo studies to compare their anticancer effect. Scratch assay using A549 lung cancer cells showed delayed wound healing when exposed to a low and high dose of CeO2 +Dox, compared to individual components. In order to determine a safe dose of the nanoformulations, zebrafish embryos were used. Further, in vivo, testing was done on Swiss albino female mice where the melanoma was induced by applying Benzopyrene followed by UV irradiation. The animals were treated with CeO2, Dox, and CeO2+ Dox that were entrapped in Alg-Cs for further 21 days. From both in vivo and in vitro results, we concluded that CeO2 and Dox in combination had superior therapeutic efficiency in cancer cells and animals than the nude drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Shurfa
- Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Health City, Kelambakkam, 603103, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Agnishwar Girigoswami
- Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Health City, Kelambakkam, 603103, Tamilnadu, India
| | - R Sakthi Devi
- Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Health City, Kelambakkam, 603103, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Karthick Harini
- Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Health City, Kelambakkam, 603103, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Gopikrishna Agraharam
- Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Health City, Kelambakkam, 603103, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Balasubramanian Deepika
- Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Health City, Kelambakkam, 603103, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Pragya Pallavi
- Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Health City, Kelambakkam, 603103, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Koyeli Girigoswami
- Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Health City, Kelambakkam, 603103, Tamilnadu, India.
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Holyavka MG, Goncharova SS, Redko YA, Lavlinskaya MS, Sorokin AV, Artyukhov VG. Novel biocatalysts based on enzymes in complexes with nano- and micromaterials. Biophys Rev 2023; 15:1127-1158. [PMID: 37975005 PMCID: PMC10643816 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-023-01146-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In today's world, there is a wide array of materials engineered at the nano- and microscale, with numerous applications attributed to these innovations. This review aims to provide a concise overview of how nano- and micromaterials are utilized for enzyme immobilization. Enzymes act as eco-friendly biocatalysts extensively used in various industries and medicine. However, their widespread adoption faces challenges due to factors such as enzyme instability under different conditions, resulting in reduced effectiveness, high costs, and limited reusability. To address these issues, researchers have explored immobilization techniques using nano- and microscale materials as a potential solution. Such techniques offer the promise of enhancing enzyme stability against varying temperatures, solvents, pH levels, pollutants, and impurities. Consequently, enzyme immobilization remains a subject of great interest within both the scientific community and the industrial sector. As of now, the primary goal of enzyme immobilization is not solely limited to enabling reusability and stability. It has been demonstrated as a powerful tool to enhance various enzyme properties and improve biocatalyst performance and characteristics. The integration of nano- and microscale materials into biomedical devices is seamless, given the similarity in size to most biological systems. Common materials employed in developing these nanotechnology products include synthetic polymers, carbon-based nanomaterials, magnetic micro- and nanoparticles, metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, metal-organic frameworks, nano-sized mesoporous hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks, protein-based nano-delivery systems, lipid-based nano- and micromaterials, and polysaccharide-based nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. G. Holyavka
- Voronezh State University, Voronezh, 394018 Russia
- Sevastopol State University, Sevastopol, 299053 Russia
| | | | - Y. A. Redko
- Voronezh State University, Voronezh, 394018 Russia
| | - M. S. Lavlinskaya
- Voronezh State University, Voronezh, 394018 Russia
- Sevastopol State University, Sevastopol, 299053 Russia
| | - A. V. Sorokin
- Voronezh State University, Voronezh, 394018 Russia
- Sevastopol State University, Sevastopol, 299053 Russia
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Nanozymes and nanoflower: Physiochemical properties, mechanism and biomedical applications. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 225:113241. [PMID: 36893662 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Natural enzymes possess several drawbacks which limits their application in industries, wastewater remediation and biomedical field. Therefore, in recent years researchers have developed enzyme mimicking nanomaterials and enzymatic hybrid nanoflower which are alternatives of enzyme. Nanozymes and organic inorganic hybrid nanoflower have been developed which mimics natural enzymes functionalities such as diverse enzyme mimicking activities, enhanced catalytic activities, low cost, ease of preparation, stability and biocompatibility. Nanozymes include metal and metal oxide nanoparticles mimicking oxidases, peroxidases, superoxide dismutase and catalases while enzymatic and non-enzymatic biomolecules were used for preparing hybrid nanoflower. In this review nanozymes and hybrid nanoflower have been compared in terms of physiochemical properties, common synthetic routes, mechanism of action, modification, green synthesis and application in the field of disease diagnosis, imaging, environmental remediation and disease treatment. We also address the current challenges facing nanozyme and hybrid nanoflower research and the possible way to fulfil their potential in future.
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Seaberg J, Clegg JR, Bhattacharya R, Mukherjee P. Self-Therapeutic Nanomaterials: Applications in Biology and Medicine. MATERIALS TODAY (KIDLINGTON, ENGLAND) 2023; 62:190-224. [PMID: 36938366 PMCID: PMC10022599 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2022.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Over past decades, nanotechnology has contributed to the biomedical field in areas including detection, diagnosis, and drug delivery via opto-electronic properties or enhancement of biological effects. Though generally considered inert delivery vehicles, a plethora of past and present evidence demonstrates that nanomaterials also exude unique intrinsic biological activity based on composition, shape, and surface functionalization. These intrinsic biological activities, termed self-therapeutic properties, take several forms, including mediation of cell-cell interactions, modulation of interactions between biomolecules, catalytic amplification of biochemical reactions, and alteration of biological signal transduction events. Moreover, study of biomolecule-nanomaterial interactions offers a promising avenue for uncovering the molecular mechanisms of biology and the evolution of disease. In this review, we observe the historical development, synthesis, and characterization of self-therapeutic nanomaterials. Next, we discuss nanomaterial interactions with biological systems, starting with administration and concluding with elimination. Finally, we apply this materials perspective to advances in intrinsic nanotherapies across the biomedical field, from cancer therapy to treatment of microbial infections and tissue regeneration. We conclude with a description of self-therapeutic nanomaterials in clinical trials and share our perspective on the direction of the field in upcoming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Seaberg
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- M.D./Ph.D. Program, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - John R. Clegg
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Resham Bhattacharya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Priyabrata Mukherjee
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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7
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Lee SJ, Jang H, Lee DN. Inorganic Nanoflowers—Synthetic Strategies and Physicochemical Properties for Biomedical Applications: A Review. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091887. [PMID: 36145635 PMCID: PMC9505446 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoflowers, which are flower-shaped nanomaterials, have attracted significant attention from scientists due to their unique morphologies, facile synthetic methods, and physicochemical properties such as a high surface-to-volume ratio, enhanced charge transfer and carrier immobility, and an increased surface reaction efficiency. Nanoflowers can be synthesized using inorganic or organic materials, or a combination of both (called a hybrid), and are mainly used for biomedical applications. Thus far, researchers have focused on hybrid nanoflowers and only a few studies on inorganic nanoflowers have been reported. For the first time in the literature, we have consolidated all the reports on the biomedical applications of inorganic nanoflowers in this review. Herein, we review some important inorganic nanoflowers, which have applications in antibacterial treatment, wound healing, combinatorial cancer therapy, drug delivery, and biosensors to detect diseased conditions such as diabetes, amyloidosis, and hydrogen peroxide poisoning. In addition, we discuss the recent advances in their biomedical applications and preparation methods. Finally, we provide a perspective on the current trends and potential future directions in nanoflower research. The development of inorganic nanoflowers for biomedical applications has been limited to date. Therefore, a diverse range of nanoflowers comprising inorganic elements and materials with composite structures must be synthesized using ecofriendly synthetic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jung Lee
- Ingenium College of Liberal Arts (Chemistry), Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea
| | - Hongje Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.J.); (D.N.L.)
| | - Do Nam Lee
- Ingenium College of Liberal Arts (Chemistry), Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.J.); (D.N.L.)
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Qiao Y, Zhang K, Zhang Z, Zhang C, Sun Y, Feng Z. Fermented soybean foods: A review of their functional components, mechanism of action and factors influencing their health benefits. Food Res Int 2022; 158:111575. [PMID: 35840260 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
After thousands of years of evolution and development, traditional fermented soybean foods, with their unique charm, have gained a stable place in the global market. With the explosive development of modern biological technologies, some traditional fermented soybean foods that possess health-promoting benefits are gradually appearing. Physiologically active substances in fermented soybean foods have received extensive attention in recent decades. This review addresses the potential health benefits of several representative fermented soybean foods, as well as the action mechanism and influencing factors of their functional components. Phenolic compounds, low-molecular-weight peptides, melanoidins, furanones and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid are the antioxidative components predominantly found in fermented soybean foods. Angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory peptides and γ-aminobutyric acid isolated from fermented soy foods provide potential selectivity for hypertension therapy. The potential anti-inflammatory bioactive components in fermented soybean foods include γ-linolenic acid, butyric acid, soy sauce polysaccharides, 2S albumin and isoflavone glycones. Deoxynojirimycin, genistein, and betaine possess high activity against α-glucosidase. Additionally, fermented soybean foods contain neuroprotective constituents, including indole alkaloids, nattokinase, arbutin, and isoflavone vitamin B12. The anticancer activities of fermented soybean foods are associated with surfactin, isolavone, furanones, trypsin inhibitors, and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid. Nattokinase is highly correlated with antioxidant activity. And a high level of menaquinones-7 is linked to protection against neurodegenerative diseases. Sufficiently recognizing and exploiting the health benefits and functional components of traditional fermented soybean foods could provide a new strategy in the development of the food fermentation industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, No.600, Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Kenan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, No.600, Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zongcai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, No.600, Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, No.600, Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Heilongjiang Tobacco Industry Co., Ltd. Harbin Cigarette Factory, Harbin 150027, China
| | - Zhen Feng
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, No.600, Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030, China; Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wanning 571533, China.
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Future of Alzheimer’s Disease: Nanotechnology-Based Diagnostics and Therapeutic Approach. BIONANOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-022-00998-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Li L, Liu J, Li X, Tang Y, Shi C, Zhang X, Cui Y, Wang L, Xu W. Influencing factors and characterization methods of nanoparticles regulating amyloid aggregation. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:3278-3290. [PMID: 35437550 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01704g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Human disorders associated with amyloid aggregation, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, afflict the lives of millions worldwide. When peptides and proteins in the body are converted to amyloids, which have a tendency to aggregate, the toxic oligomers produced during the aggregation process can trigger a range of diseases. Nanoparticles (NPs) have been found to possess surface effects that can modulate the amyloid aggregation process and they have potential application value in the treatment of diseases related to amyloid aggregation and fibrillary tangles. In this review, we discuss recent progress relating to studies of nanoparticles that regulate amyloid aggregation. The review focuses on the factors influencing this regulation, which are important as guidelines for the future design of NPs for the treatment of amyloid aggregation. We describe the characterization methods that have been utilized so far in such studies. This review provides research information and characterization methods for the rational design of NPs, which should result in therapeutic strategies for amyloid diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyi Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.
| | - Jianhui Liu
- Yantai Center of Ecology and Environment Monitoring of Shandong Province, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Xinyue Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.
| | - Yuanhan Tang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.
| | - Changxin Shi
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.
| | - Yuming Cui
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.
| | - Linlin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Long-Acting and Targeting Drug Delivery System, Shandong Luye Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Yantai 264000, China.
| | - Wenlong Xu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.
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Nishakavya S, Girigoswami A, Gopikrishna A, Deepa R, Divya A, Ajith S, Girigoswami K. Size Attenuated Copper Doped Zirconia Nanoparticles Enhances In Vitro Antimicrobial Properties. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:3435-3452. [PMID: 35366183 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03875-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Biofilm formation hinders the activity of antimicrobial drugs at the site of infections and any agent that can act on both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria by inhibiting the bacterial growth and rupturing the biofilm is needed to manage infection. In the present study, we have synthesized zirconia nanoparticles (ZrO2 NPs) and copper doped zirconia nanoparticles (Cu-ZrO2 NPs) and characterized them using dynamic light scattering, X-ray diffractometry, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The size of the Cu-ZrO2 NPs drastically reduced compared to ZrO2 NPs, and the antimicrobial activity was studied against Gram-positive bacteria (Lactobacillus sp.) and Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa), respectively. The synthesized Cu-ZrO2 NPs showed superior inhibitory action against Lactobacillus sp. compared to ZrO2 NPs, due to the negatively charged cell wall of Lactobacillus sp., which could attract readily the positively charged Cu-ZrO2 NPs, thereby inhibiting its activity. The biocompatibility was tested using XTT assay in FL cells, and the results demonstrated that Cu-ZrO2 NPs were nontoxic to mammalian cells. Hence, it could be proposed that the synthesized Cu-ZrO2 NPs possess possible biomedical applications and can be used as antibacterial agents without causing toxicity in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nishakavya
- Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Health City, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, 603103, India
| | - Agnishwar Girigoswami
- Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Health City, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, 603103, India
| | - A Gopikrishna
- Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Health City, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, 603103, India
| | - R Deepa
- Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Health City, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, 603103, India
| | - A Divya
- Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Health City, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, 603103, India
| | - S Ajith
- Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Health City, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, 603103, India
| | - Koyeli Girigoswami
- Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Health City, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, 603103, India.
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12
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Application of Zinc Oxide nanoflowers in Environmental and Biomedical Science. BBA ADVANCES 2022; 2:100051. [PMID: 37082596 PMCID: PMC10074957 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadva.2022.100051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures can be synthesized in nanoforms of spheres, rods, flowers, disks, walls, etc., among which nanoflowers have gained special attention due to their versatile biomedical and pollutant remedial applications in waste water and air. ZnO nanoflowers have an ultrasmall size with a huge surface area to volume ratio due to their hexagonal petal structures which render them superior compared to the nanoparticles of other shapes. The ZnO nanoflowers have bandgap energy equivalent to a semiconductor that makes them have unique photophysical properties. We have used the appropriate keywords in Google Scholar and PubMed to obtain the recent publications related to our topic. We have selected the relevant papers and utilized them to write this review. The different methods of synthesis of ZnO nanoflowers are chemical vapor deposition, facile hydrothermal, thermal evaporation, chemical reduction, bio route of synthesis, and solvothermal method, etc. which are mentioned in this review. ZnO nanoparticles are used in paints, cosmetics, and other products due to their high photocatalytic activity. The different applications of ZnO nanoflowers in the diagnosis of disease biomarkers, biosensors, catalysts, and the therapeutic process along with wastewater remediation and gas sensing applications will be discussed in this review.
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Wang S, Zheng J, Ma L, Petersen RB, Xu L, Huang K. Inhibiting protein aggregation with nanomaterials: The underlying mechanisms and impact factors. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2021; 1866:130061. [PMID: 34822925 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.130061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Protein aggregation is correlated with the onset and progression of protein misfolding diseases (PMDs). Inhibiting the generation of toxic aggregates of misfolded proteins has been proposed as a therapeutic approach for PMDs. Due to their unique properties, nanomaterials have been extensively investigated for their ability to inhibit protein aggregation and have shown great potential in the diagnosis and treatment of PMDs. However, the precise mechanisms by which nanomaterials interact with amyloidogenic proteins and the factors influencing these interactions remain poorly understood. Consequently, developing a rational design strategy for nanomaterials that target specific proteins in PMDs has been challenging. In this review, we elucidate the effects of nanomaterials on protein aggregation and describe the mechanisms through which nanomaterials interfere with protein aggregation. The major factors impacting protein-nanomaterial interaction such as size, charge, concentration, surface modification and morphology that can be rationally addressed to achieve the desired effects of nanomaterials on protein aggregation are summarized. The prospects and challenges to the clinical application of nanomaterials for the treatment of PMDs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Wang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jiaojiao Zheng
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Robert B Petersen
- Foundational Sciences, Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
| | - Li Xu
- Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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The curvature of gold nanoparticles influences the exposure of amyloid-β and modulates its aggregation process. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 128:112269. [PMID: 34474828 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (GNP) are tunable nanomaterials that can be used to develop rational therapeutic inhibitors against the formation of pathological aggregates of proteins. In the case of the pathological aggregation of the amyloid-β protein (Aβ), the shape of the GNP can slow down or accelerate its aggregation kinetics. However, there is a lack of elementary knowledge about how the curvature of GNP alters the interaction with the Aβ peptide and how this interaction modifies key molecular steps of fibril formation. In this study, we analysed the effect of flat gold nanoprisms (GNPr) and curved gold nanospheres (GNS) on in vitro Aβ42 fibril formation kinetics by using the thioflavin-based kinetic assay and global fitting analysis, with several models of aggregation. Whereas GNPr accelerate the aggregation process and maintain the molecular mechanism of aggregation, GNS slow down this process and modify the molecular mechanism to one of fragmentation/secondary nucleation, with respect to controls. These results can be explained by a differential interaction between the Aβ peptide and GNP observed by Raman spectroscopy. While flat GNPr expose key hydrophobic residues involved in the Aβ peptide aggregation, curved GNS hide these residues from the solvent. Thus, this study provides mechanistic insights to improve the rational design of GNP nanomaterials for biomedical applications in the field of amyloid-related aggregation.
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Cui W, Fu W, Lin Y, Zhang T. Application of Nanomaterials in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 16:83-94. [PMID: 32213159 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x15666200326093410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease are very harmful brain lesions. Due to the difficulty in obtaining therapeutic drugs, the best treatment for neurodegenerative diseases is often not available. In addition, the bloodbrain barrier can effectively prevent the transfer of cells, particles and macromolecules (such as drugs) in the brain, resulting in the failure of the traditional drug delivery system to provide adequate cellular structure repair and connection modes, which are crucial for the functional recovery of neurodegenerative diseases. Nanomaterials are designed to carry drugs across the blood-brain barrier for targets. Nanotechnology uses engineering materials or equipment to interact with biological systems at the molecular level to induce physiological responses through stimulation, response and target site interactions, while minimizing the side effects, thus revolutionizing the treatment and diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases. Some magnetic nanomaterials play a role as imaging agents or nanoprobes for Magnetic Resonance Imaging to assist in the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases. Although the current research on nanomaterials is not as useful as expected in clinical applications, it achieves a major breakthrough and guides the future development direction of nanotechnology in the application of neurodegenerative diseases. This review briefly discusses the application and advantages of nanomaterials in neurodegenerative diseases. Data for this review were identified by searches of PubMed, and references from relevant articles published in English between 2015 and 2019 using the search terms "nanomaterials", "neurodegenerative diseases" and "blood-brain barrier".
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunfeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianxu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Szunerits S, Melinte S, Barras A, Pagneux Q, Voronova A, Abderrahmani A, Boukherroub R. The impact of chemical engineering and technological advances on managing diabetes: present and future concepts. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:2102-2146. [PMID: 33325917 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00886a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring blood glucose levels for diabetic patients is critical to achieve tight glycaemic control. As none of the current antidiabetic treatments restore lost functional β-cell mass in diabetic patients, insulin injections and the use of insulin pumps are most widely used in the management of glycaemia. The use of advanced and intelligent chemical engineering, together with the incorporation of micro- and nanotechnological-based processes have lately revolutionized diabetic management. The start of this concept goes back to 1974 with the description of an electrode that repeatedly measures the level of blood glucose and triggers insulin release from an infusion pump to enter the blood stream from a small reservoir upon need. Next to the insulin pumps, other drug delivery routes, including nasal, transdermal and buccal, are currently investigated. These processes necessitate competences from chemists, engineers-alike and innovative views of pharmacologists and diabetologists. Engineered micro and nanostructures hold a unique potential when it comes to drug delivery applications required for the treatment of diabetic patients. As the technical aspects of chemistry, biology and informatics on medicine are expanding fast, time has come to step back and to evaluate the impact of technology-driven chemistry on diabetics and how the bridges from research laboratories to market products are established. In this review, the large variety of therapeutic approaches proposed in the last five years for diabetic patients are discussed in an applied context. A survey of the state of the art of closed-loop insulin delivery strategies in response to blood glucose level fluctuation is provided together with insights into the emerging key technologies for diagnosis and drug development. Chemical engineering strategies centered on preserving and regenerating functional pancreatic β-cell mass are evoked in addition as they represent a permanent solution for diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Szunerits
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520-IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Sorin Melinte
- Institute of Information and Communication Technologies, Electronics and Applied Mathematics, Université catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Alexandre Barras
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520-IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Quentin Pagneux
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520-IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Anna Voronova
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520-IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Amar Abderrahmani
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520-IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Rabah Boukherroub
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520-IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France.
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Giannousi K, Geromichalos G, Kakolyri D, Mourdikoudis S, Dendrinou-Samara C. Interaction of ZnO Nanostructures with Proteins: In Vitro Fibrillation/Antifibrillation Studies and in Silico Molecular Docking Simulations. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:436-444. [PMID: 31904211 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein amyloidosis is related to many neurological disorders. Nanoparticles (NPs) due to their small size can regulate both the polypeptide monomers/oligomers assembly into amyloid fibrils/plaques and the disintegration of the existent plaques. Herein, we have synthesized ZnO nanoflowers and polyol-coated ZnO NPs of relatively small size (40 nm) with cylindrical shape, through solvothermal and microwave-assisted routes, respectively. The effect of the different morphology of nanostructures on the fibrillation/antifibrillation process was monitored in bovine serum albumin (BSA) and human insulin (HI) by fluorescence Thioflavin T (ThT) measurements. Although both nanomaterials affected the amyloid formation mechanism as well as their disaggregation, ZnO nanoflowers with their sharp edges exhibited the greatest amyloid degradation rate in both model proteins (73% and 35%, respectively) and inhibited the most the insulin fibril growth, while restrained also the fibrillation process in the case of albumin solution. In silico molecular docking simulations on the crystal structure of BSA and HI were performed to analyze further the observed in vitro activity of ZnO nanostructures. The binding energy of ZnO NPs was found lower for BSA (-5.44), highlighting their ability to act as catalysts in the fibrillation process of albumin monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kleoniki Giannousi
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - George Geromichalos
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Dionysia Kakolyri
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Stefanos Mourdikoudis
- UCL Healthcare Biomagnetic and Nanomaterials Laboratories, 21 Albemarle Street, London W1S 4BS, United Kingdom
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London (UCL), London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Dendrinou-Samara
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
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Ferrone E, Araneo R, Notargiacomo A, Pea M, Rinaldi A. ZnO Nanostructures and Electrospun ZnO-Polymeric Hybrid Nanomaterials in Biomedical, Health, and Sustainability Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E1449. [PMID: 31614707 PMCID: PMC6835458 DOI: 10.3390/nano9101449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
ZnO-based nanomaterials are a subject of increasing interest within current research, because of their multifunctional properties, such as piezoelectricity, semi-conductivity, ultraviolet absorption, optical transparency, and photoluminescence, as well as their low toxicity, biodegradability, low cost, and versatility in achieving diverse shapes. Among the numerous fields of application, the use of nanostructured ZnO is increasingly widespread also in the biomedical and healthcare sectors, thanks to its antiseptic and antibacterial properties, role as a promoter in tissue regeneration, selectivity for specific cell lines, and drug delivery function, as well as its electrochemical and optical properties, which make it a good candidate for biomedical applications. Because of its growing use, understanding the toxicity of ZnO nanomaterials and their interaction with biological systems is crucial for manufacturing relevant engineering materials. In the last few years, ZnO nanostructures were also used to functionalize polymer matrices to produce hybrid composite materials with new properties. Among the numerous manufacturing methods, electrospinning is becoming a mainstream technique for the production of scaffolds and mats made of polymeric and metal-oxide nanofibers. In this review, we focus on toxicological aspects and recent developments in the use of ZnO-based nanomaterials for biomedical, healthcare, and sustainability applications, either alone or loaded inside polymeric matrices to make electrospun composite nanomaterials. Bibliographic data were compared and analyzed with the aim of giving homogeneity to the results and highlighting reference trends useful for obtaining a fresh perspective about the toxicity of ZnO nanostructures and their underlying mechanisms for the materials and engineering community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloisa Ferrone
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Rome Sapienza, 00184 Rome, Italy.
| | - Rodolfo Araneo
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Rome Sapienza, 00184 Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Marialilia Pea
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies-CNR, 00156 Rome, Italy.
| | - Antonio Rinaldi
- Sustainability Department, ENEA, C.R. Casaccia, Santa Maria di Galeria, Rome 00123, Italy.
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Shcharbin D, Halets-Bui I, Abashkin V, Dzmitruk V, Loznikova S, Odabaşı M, Acet Ö, Önal B, Özdemir N, Shcharbina N, Bryszewska M. Hybrid metal-organic nanoflowers and their application in biotechnology and medicine. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 182:110354. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Bilal M, Asgher M, Shah SZH, Iqbal HMN. Engineering enzyme-coupled hybrid nanoflowers: The quest for optimum performance to meet biocatalytic challenges and opportunities. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 135:677-690. [PMID: 31152838 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The current industrial revolution signifies the high-value of biocatalysis engineering. Over the past decade, multiple micro- and nanostructured materials have been attempted for immobilization of enzymes to improve their catalytic properties. Conventional immobilization strategies result in improved stability, while insolubilized enzymes generally lost their activity compared to free counterparts. Recently, a new generation organic-inorganic hybrid nanoflowers with unique properties have received great attention as a novel and incentive immobilization approach owing to their simple fabrication, high biocatalytic efficiency, and enzyme stabilizing capability. The hybrid nanoflowers biocatalytic system implicates metal ions and biomolecules (enzymes). In contrast to free or conventionally immobilized enzymes, single enzyme or multi enzyme-incorporated flowers-like hybrid nanoconstructs demonstrated elevated catalytic activities and stabilities over a very broader range of experimental conditions, i.e., pHs, temperatures and salt concentration. This review discusses the recent developments in the fabrication strategies to diversifying nanoflowers, types, characteristics, and applications of organic-inorganic hybrid nanoflowers as a host platform to engineer different kinds of enzymes with requisite functionalities for biocatalysis applications in different sectors of the modern world. Based on experimental and theoretical literature data, the review is wrapped up with concluding remarks and an outlook in terms of upcoming challenges and prospects for their scale-up applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China.
| | - Muhammad Asgher
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L. CP 64849, Mexico.
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