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El-Sayed MH, Elsayed DA, Gomaa AERF. Nocardiopsis synnemataformans NBRM9, an extremophilic actinomycete producing extremozyme cellulase, using lignocellulosic agro-wastes and its biotechnological applications. AIMS Microbiol 2024; 10:187-219. [PMID: 38525045 PMCID: PMC10955166 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2024010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Actinomycetes are an attractive source of lignocellulose-degrading enzymes. The search for actinomycetes producing extremozyme cellulase using cheap lignocellulosic waste remains a priority goal of enzyme research. In this context, the extremophilic actinomycete NBRM9 showed promising cellulolytic activity in solid and liquid assays. This actinomycete was identified as Nocardiopsis synnemataformans based on its phenotypic characteristics alongside phylogenetic analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequencing (OQ380604.1). Using bean straw as the best agro-waste, the production of cellulase from this strain was statistically optimized using a response surface methodology, with the maximum activity (13.20 U/mL) achieved at an incubation temperature of 40 °C, a pH of 9, an incubation time of 7 days, and a 2% substrate concentration. The partially purified cellulase (PPC) showed promising activity and stability over a wide range of temperatures (20-90 °C), pH values (3-11), and NaCl concentrations (1-19%), with optimal activity at 50 °C, pH 9.0, and 10% salinity. Under these conditions, the enzyme retained >95% of its activity, thus indicating its extremozyme nature. The kinetics of cellulase showed that it has a Vmax of 20.19 ± 1.88 U/mL and a Km of 0.25 ± 0.07 mM. The immobilized PPC had a relative activity of 69.58 ± 0.13%. In the in vitro microtiter assay, the PPC was found to have a concentration-dependent anti-biofilm activity (up to 85.15 ± 1.60%). Additionally, the fermentative conversion of the hydrolyzed bean straw by Saccharomyces cerevisiae (KM504287.1) amounted to 65.80 ± 0.52% of the theoretical ethanol yield. Overall, for the first time, the present work reports the production of extremozymatic (thermo, alkali-, and halo-stable) cellulase from N. synnemataformans NBRM9. Therefore, this strain is recommended for use as a biotool in many lignocellulosic-based applications operating under harsh conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H. El-Sayed
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Arts, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Doaa A. Elsayed
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Arts, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abd El-Rahman F. Gomaa
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, PR China
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Singh R, Singh P, Ahmad I, Alkhathami AG, Rai AK, Mishra PK, Singh RP, Srivastava N. Bionanofabrication of Cupric oxide catalyst from Water hyacinth based carbohydrate and its impact on cellulose deconstructing enzymes production under solid state fermentation. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 252:126377. [PMID: 37595725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
One of the most important properties of cellulolytic enzyme is its ability to convert cellulosic polymer into monomeric fermentable sugars which are carbohydrate by nature can efficiently convert into biofuels. However, higher production costs of these enzymes with moderate activity-based stability are the main obstacles to making cellulase-based applications sustainably viable, and this has necessitated rigorous research for the economical availability of this process. Using water hyacinth (WH) waste leaves as the substrate for cellulase production under solid state fermentation (SSF) while treating the fermentation production medium with CuO (cupric oxide oxide) bionanocatalyst have been examined as ways to make fungal cellulase production economically feasible. Herein, a sustainable green synthesis of CuO bionanocatalyst has been performed by using waste leaves of WH. Through XRD, FT-IR, SEM, and TEM analysis, the prepared CuO bionanocatalyst's physicochemical properties have been evaluated. Furthermore, the effect of CuO bionanocatalyst on the temperature stability of raw cellulases was observed, and its half-life stability was found to be up to 9 h at 65 °C. The results presented in the current investigation may have broad scope for mass trials for various industrial applications, such as cellulosic biomass conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Singh
- Department of Environmental Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, (A Central University), New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Pardeep Singh
- Department of Environmental Science, PGDAV College, University of Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali G Alkhathami
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashutosh Kumar Rai
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - P K Mishra
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Neha Srivastava
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Bahkali AH, Syed A, Elgorban AM, Abdel-Wahab MA, Srivastava N, Gupta VK. Date seed waste derived nanocatalyst and its application in production of hydrolytic enzyme, fermentative sugars and biohydrogen. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 390:129837. [PMID: 37839648 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Biofuel production from cellulosic biomass is a promising approach; however, the cost-intensive utilization of cellulolytic enzymes is a major roadblock to economic production. This study reports the preparation of a nanocatalyst using date seed and evaluates the impact of nanocatalysts on cellulolytic enzyme production using solid-state fermentation of date pulp waste through bacterial co-cultivation. Under optimized conditions, 30 IU/gds filter paper activity is produced in the presence of 2 mg of nanocatalyst. Cellulase showed thermal stability at 50 °C and pH 7 up to 10 h in the presence of nanocatalyst, and it produced 32.31 g/L glucose through the hydrolysis of acidic-pretreated date seeds in 24 h. Subsequently, 1788 mL/L of cumulative H2 in 24 h through cocultured dark fermentation could be produced. The approach presented in this study can be effective for multiple value additions, including nanocatalyst preparation, cellulase enzyme, and biohydrogen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali H Bahkali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asad Syed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdallah M Elgorban
- Center of Excellence in Biotechnology Research, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Abdel-Wahab
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Neha Srivastava
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Biorefining and Advance Material Research Centre, SRUC, Barony Campus, Parkgate, Dumfries DG1 3NE, United Kingdom.
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Zúñiga-Miranda J, Guerra J, Mueller A, Mayorga-Ramos A, Carrera-Pacheco SE, Barba-Ostria C, Heredia-Moya J, Guamán LP. Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Green Synthesis and Their Antimicrobial Activity. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2919. [PMID: 37999273 PMCID: PMC10674528 DOI: 10.3390/nano13222919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The rise of antimicrobial resistance caused by inappropriate use of these agents in various settings has become a global health threat. Nanotechnology offers the potential for the synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) with antimicrobial activity, such as iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs). The use of IONPs is a promising way to overcome antimicrobial resistance or pathogenicity because of their ability to interact with several biological molecules and to inhibit microbial growth. In this review, we outline the pivotal findings over the past decade concerning methods for the green synthesis of IONPs using bacteria, fungi, plants, and organic waste. Subsequently, we delve into the primary challenges encountered in green synthesis utilizing diverse organisms and organic materials. Furthermore, we compile the most common methods employed for the characterization of these IONPs. To conclude, we highlight the applications of these IONPs as promising antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, and antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johana Zúñiga-Miranda
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica (CENBIO), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador; (J.Z.-M.); (A.M.-R.); (S.E.C.-P.); (J.H.-M.)
| | - Julio Guerra
- Facultad de Ingeniería en Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad Técnica del Norte, Ibarra 100107, Ecuador;
| | - Alexander Mueller
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA;
| | - Arianna Mayorga-Ramos
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica (CENBIO), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador; (J.Z.-M.); (A.M.-R.); (S.E.C.-P.); (J.H.-M.)
| | - Saskya E. Carrera-Pacheco
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica (CENBIO), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador; (J.Z.-M.); (A.M.-R.); (S.E.C.-P.); (J.H.-M.)
| | - Carlos Barba-Ostria
- Escuela de Medicina, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud Quito, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito 170901, Ecuador;
- Instituto de Microbiología, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito 170901, Ecuador
| | - Jorge Heredia-Moya
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica (CENBIO), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador; (J.Z.-M.); (A.M.-R.); (S.E.C.-P.); (J.H.-M.)
| | - Linda P. Guamán
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica (CENBIO), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador; (J.Z.-M.); (A.M.-R.); (S.E.C.-P.); (J.H.-M.)
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Singh R, Saati AA, Faidah H, Bantun F, Jalal NA, Haque S, Rai AK, Srivastava M. Prospects of microbial cellulase production using banana peels wastes for antimicrobial applications. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 388:110069. [PMID: 36640563 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.110069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms have been extensively studied and used to produce a wide range of enzymes and bioactive substances for a number of uses. Cellulases have also been widely used for a variety of bioprocessing and biotransformation purposes and are acknowledged as the essential enzymes for industrial applications. Broad industrial applications and huge demand essentially require mass-scale and low-cost production of cellulase enzyme. Nevertheless, low-cost production of cellulase enzyme at industrial-level finds certain issues, and this may be mainly associated with the unavailability of cheap and effective substrate to be utilized in fermentation process. In this context, cellulosic wastes are counted as one of the suitable bioresources and have been well explored for low-cost and highly efficient cellulase enzyme productions. Further, banana peels waste is considered as the high cellulose & sugar containing food wastes which is renewable and hugely available worldwide. Therefore, the present review explores the possible utilizations of banana peels as a potential food waste to be employed as substrate to produce cellulase enzymes. Availability and compositional analysis of banana peels has been explored for the microbial cellulase production based on reported studies. Further, this review explores the applications of cellulase enzymes as antimicrobial agents. Based on the available studies and their evaluation, potential limitations and future suggestions for the production of cellulase enzymes and their applications as antibacterial agents have been provided, which have a high potential for numerous biomedical applications and may offer a new opportunity for industrial utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Singh
- Department of Environmental Studies, Satyawati College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110052, India; Department of Environmental Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, (A Central University), New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Abdullah Ali Saati
- Department of Community Medicine & Pilgrims Healthcare, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Faidah
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farkad Bantun
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif A Jalal
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ashutosh Kumar Rai
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manish Srivastava
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Varanasi 221005, India; LCB Fertilizers Pvt. Ltd., Shyam Vihar Phase 2, Rani Sati Mandir Road, Lachchhipur, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh-273015, India.
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6
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Srivastava N, Singh R, Srivastava M, Mohammad A, Harakeh S, Haque S, Mishra PK, Tayeb HH, Moulay M, Gupta VK. Enhancement in functional stability of microbial endoglanases produced using paddy straw via treatment with manganese oxide based porous nanocomposite synthesized from mixed fruit waste. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 369:128219. [PMID: 36343777 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microbial cellulases are the enzymes used in numerous industrial biotechnological applications. Efficiency of celluloytic cocktails plays a key role in the conversion of biomass into biofuels, but limited production, high cost and low efficiency are the main obstacles to sustainable biorefining. The current work aims to establish a feasible approach for boosting the production of fungal endoglucanse (EG) and its functional stability utilizing nanocomposite materials based on manganese oxide. Herein, aqueous extract from mixed fruit waste was used to synthesize the nanocomposite sample, which was subsequently subjected to several characterization techniques for analysis. Following the solid-state fermentation of paddy straw, and by employing 75 mg nanocomposite, 192 IU/gds EG was produced under the optimal conditions, while 19 IU/gds FP and 98 IU/gds BGL production were recorded. The crude EG enzyme treated with nanocomposite also shows complete stability at pH 5.0 for 3.5 h while retaining thermal activity at 70 °C for 4 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Srivastava
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajeev Singh
- Department of Environmental Science, Jamia Millia Islamia Central University, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Manish Srivastava
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Akbar Mohammad
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Steve Harakeh
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, and Yousef Abdullatif Jameel Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - P K Mishra
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Hossam H Tayeb
- Nanomedicine Unit, Center of Innovation in Personalised Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Moulay
- Embryonic Stem Cell Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, SRUC, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK; Center for Safe and Improved Food, SRUC, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK.
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Ifko D, Vasić K, Knez Ž, Leitgeb M. (Magnetic) Cross-Linked Enzyme Aggregates of Cellulase from T. reesei: A Stable and Efficient Biocatalyst. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031305. [PMID: 36770972 PMCID: PMC9919482 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) represent an effective tool for carrier-free immobilization of enzymes. The present study promotes a successful application of functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) for stabilization of cellulase CLEAs. Catalytically active CLEAs and magnetic cross-linked enzyme aggregates (mCLEAs) of cellulase from Trichoderma reesei were prepared using glutaraldehyde (GA) as a cross-linking agent and the catalytic activity and stability of the CLEAs/mCLEAs were investigated. The influence of precipitation agents, cross-linker concentration, concentration of enzyme, addition of bovine serum albumin (BSA), and addition of sodium cyanoborohydride (NaBH3CN) on expressed activity and immobilization yield of CLEAs/mCLEAs was studied. Particularly, reducing the unsaturated Schiff's base to form irreversible linkages is important and improved the activity of CLEAs (86%) and mCLEAs (91%). For increased applicability of CLEAs/mCLEAs, we enhanced the activity and stability at mild biochemical process conditions. The reusability after 10 cycles of both CLEAs and mCLEAs was investigated, which retained 72% and 65% of the initial activity, respectively. The thermal stability of CLEAs and mCLEAs in comparison with the non-immobilized enzyme was obtained at 30 °C (145.65% and 188.7%, respectively) and 50 °C (185.1% and 141.4%, respectively). Kinetic parameters were determined for CLEAs and mCLEAs, and the KM constant was found at 0.055 ± 0.0102 mM and 0.037 ± 0.0012 mM, respectively. The maximum velocity rate (Vmax) was calculated as 1.12 ± 0.0012 µmol/min for CLEA and 1.17 ± 0.0023 µmol/min for mCLEA. Structural characterization was studied using XRD, SEM, and FT-IR. Catalytical properties of immobilized enzyme were improved with the addition of reducent NaBH3CN by enhancing the activity of CLEAs and with addition of functionalized aminosilane MNPs by enhancing the activity of mCLEAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dušica Ifko
- Laboratory for Separation Processes and Product Design, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova Ulica 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Katja Vasić
- Laboratory for Separation Processes and Product Design, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova Ulica 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Laboratory for Applied Electromagnetics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Institute of Electrical Power Engineering, University of Maribor, Koroška Cesta 46, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Željko Knez
- Laboratory for Separation Processes and Product Design, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova Ulica 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska Ulica 8, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Maja Leitgeb
- Laboratory for Separation Processes and Product Design, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova Ulica 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska Ulica 8, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-2-2294-462
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Biocatalysis as a Green Approach for Synthesis of Iron Nanoparticles—Batch and Microflow Process Comparison. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing need for production of iron particles due to their possible use in numerous systems (e.g., electrical, magnetic, catalytic, biological and others). Although severe reaction conditions and heavy solvents are frequently used in production of nanoparticles, green synthesis has arisen as an eco-friendly method that uses biological catalysts. Various precursors are combined with biological material (such as enzymes, herbal extracts, biomass, bacteria or yeasts) that contain chemicals from the main or secondary metabolism that can function as catalysts for production of nanoparticles. In this work, batch (“one-pot”) biosynthesis of iron nanoparticles is reviewed, as well as the possibilities of using microfluidic systems for continuous biosynthesis of iron nanoparticles, which could overcome the limitations of batch synthesis.
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Kalsoom U, Khalid N, Ibrahim A, Ashraf SS, Bhatti HN, Ahsan Z, Zdarta J, Bilal M. Biocatalytic degradation of reactive blue 221 and direct blue 297 dyes by horseradish peroxidase immobilized on iron oxide nanoparticles with improved kinetic and thermodynamic characteristics. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 312:137095. [PMID: 36334735 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In present study, we describe the biodegradation of direct blue (DB) 297 and reactive blue (RB) 221 by immobilizing horseradish peroxidase (HRP) isolated from fresh leaves of Moringa Oliefera on iron oxide nanoparticles. Iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by co-precipitation method and showed a maximum immobilization efficiency of 87%. The surface topography of iron oxide nanoparticles was envisaged by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), results showed that magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were in the form of aggregates having size of 1 μm. Furthermore, immobilization was confirmed via functional group identification performed by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Immobilization phenomena displaced the optimum temperature from 35 °C to 50 °C moreover, pH optima were altered from 5.0 to 7.0. Vmax and Km for free and immobilized HRP, were 303 U/mg and 1.66 mM and 312 U/mg and 1.94 mM, respectively. Enzymatic thermodynamic measurements (ΔH*, ΔS*, Ea, ΔG*) were also evaluated for immobilized HRP and its free counterpart. Optimum degradation of reactive blue (RB) and direct blue (DB) 297 with free and immobilized HRP was observed at pH 5 and at temperature 40 °C respectively. The removal efficiency of DB 297 and RB 221 with free HRP was 75% and 86% while with immobilized HRP was 81% and 92% respectively. Furthermore, biodegradation of reactive blue (RB) 221 and direct blue (DB) 297 with immobilized and free biocatalyst was also investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) by identification of groups involved in dye degradation. FTIR results confirmed the 100% degradation of dyes. Immobilized HRP retained significant catalytic activity after five consecutive cycles of dye degradation. In conclusion, Fe3O4 nanoparticles are promising and environmentally friendly media for enzyme immobilization. Moreover, immobilized HRP showed more thermal stability, pH stability and higher dye degradation efficiency as compared to free HRP. Furthermore, the immobilized HRP, economically more convenient and easily removable from reaction media. Owing to its thermal stability, ease of separation from reaction media and reusability, the magnetically separatable immobilized HRP can be exploited successfully for treatment of dye contaminated textile effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umme Kalsoom
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Nasira Khalid
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Affaf Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Syed Salman Ashraf
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates; Center for Biotechnology (BTC), Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Center for Catalysis and Separation (CeCaS), Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Haq Nawaz Bhatti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Zainab Ahsan
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Jakub Zdarta
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60695, Poznan, Poland
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60695, Poznan, Poland.
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Iron tolerant Bacillus badius mediated bimetallic magnetic iron oxide and gold nanoparticles as Doxorubicin carrier and for hyperthermia treatment. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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11
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Yaashikaa PR, Devi MK, Kumar PS. Engineering microbes for enhancing the degradation of environmental pollutants: A detailed review on synthetic biology. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:113868. [PMID: 35835162 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities resulted in the deposition of huge quantities of contaminants such as heavy metals, dyes, hydrocarbons, etc into an ecosystem. The serious ill effects caused by these pollutants to all living organisms forced in advancement of technology for degrading or removing these pollutants. This degrading activity is mostly depending on microorganisms owing to their ability to survive in harsh adverse conditions. Though native strains possess the capability to degrade these pollutants the development of genetic engineering and molecular biology resulted in engineering approaches that enhanced the efficiency of microbes in degrading pollutants at faster rate. Many bioinformatics tools have been developed for altering/modifying genetic content in microbes to increase their degrading potency. This review provides a detailed note on engineered microbes - their significant importance in degrading environmental contaminants and the approaches utilized for modifying microbes. The genes responsible for degrading the pollutants have been identified and modified fir increasing the potential for quick degradation. The methods for increasing the tolerance in engineered microbes have also been discussed. Thus engineered microbes prove to be effective alternate compared to native strains for degrading pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Yaashikaa
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - M Keerthana Devi
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603110, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603110, India.
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12
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Polyester fabric modification by chemical treatment to enhancing the β-glucosidase immobilization. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11660. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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13
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Abstract
The depletion of fossil fuel resources and the negative impact of their use on the climate have resulted in the need for alternative sources of clean, sustainable energy. One available alternative, bioethanol, is a potential substitute for, or additive to, petroleum-derived gasoline. In the lignocellulose-to-bioethanol process, the cellulose hydrolysis step represents a major hurdle that hinders commercialization. To achieve economical production of bioethanol from lignocellulosic materials, the rate and yield of the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose, which is preferred over other chemically catalyzed processes, must be enhanced. To achieve this, product inhibition and enzyme loss, which are two major challenges, must be overcome. The implementation of membranes, which can permeate molecules selectively based on their size, offers a solution to this problem. Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) can enhance enzymatic hydrolysis yields and lower costs by retaining enzymes for repeated usage while permeating the products. This paper presents a critical discussion of the use of MBRs as a promising approach to the enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic materials. Various MBR configurations and factors that affect their performance are presented.
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14
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Improvement in the Thermostability of a Recombinant β-Glucosidase Immobilized in Zeolite under Different Conditions. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134105. [PMID: 35807351 PMCID: PMC9268045 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
β-Glucosidase is part of the cellulases and is responsible for degrading cellobiose into glucose, a compound that can be used to produce biofuels. However, the use of the free enzyme makes the process more expensive. Enzyme immobilization improves catalytic characteristics and supports, such as zeolites, which have physical-chemical characteristics and ion exchange capacity that have a promising application in the biotechnological industry. This research aimed to immobilize by adsorption a recombinant β-glucosidase from Trichoderma reesei, obtained in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), in a commercial zeolite. A Box Behnken statistical design was applied to find the optimal immobilization parameters, the stability against pH and temperature was determined, and the immobilized enzyme was characterized by SEM. The highest enzymatic activity was determined with 100 mg of zeolite at 35 °C and 175 min. Compared to the free enzyme, the immobilized recombinant β-glucosidase presented greater activity from pH 2 to 4 and greater thermostability. The kinetic parameters were calculated, and a lower KM value was obtained for the immobilized enzyme compared to the free enzyme. The obtained immobilization parameters by a simple adsorption method and the significant operational stability indicate promising applications in different fields.
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15
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Khalid N, Kalsoom U, Ahsan Z, Bilal M. Non-magnetic and magnetically responsive support materials immobilized peroxidases for biocatalytic degradation of emerging dye pollutants-A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 207:387-401. [PMID: 35278508 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the removal of hazardous pollutants from many industries has become a significant challenge for mankind as a growing number of contaminants, including a wide range of organic pollutants, synthetic dyes, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), have inevitably led to an increased anthropogenic impact on the biosphere. Due to the complex aromatic structure, most synthetic dyes show resistance to degrade by the classical approaches, such as coagulation, flotation, adsorption, membrane process, and reverse osmosis. Enzyme-assisted biodegradation of pollutants offers an eco-friendlier and cost-effective alternative to remediate dyes, dyes-based effluents, other toxins, etc. Various plant and microbial oxidoreductase (Horseradish and manganese peroxidase) have recently received more attention for degrading and detoxifying a wide range of dyes either by opening the aromatic ring structure or by precipitation due to their high activity under milder conditions, high substrate specificity, and biodegradable nature. To enhance the efficiency, stability and recyclability, enzymes were immobilized on various support media such as sodium alginate, agarose, chitin/chitosan, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, macroporous exchange resins, hydrophobic sol-gels, and nanoporous silica gel, including magnetically separatable media. Among various types of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles, such as hematite, magnetite, and maghemite, have gained great attention due to their properties like small size, superparamagnetism, high surface area to volume ratio, and ease of separation for repeated cycles of uses. These carriers can be separated easily and rapidly from the reaction medium by an external magnetic field without being subjected to mechanical stress than centrifugation or filtration. Various methods have been employed for immobilizing oxidoreductase on different media, such as adsorption, covalent binding, entrapment, and encapsulation using different cross-linking agents. Compared to the free enzyme, insolubilized enzymes reduce production costs by enzyme reusability, tolerance to unfavorable environmental conditions, and high catalytic stability. Here, we review various immobilization methods and biocatalytic degradation of emerging dye pollutants, focusing on various non-magnetically and magnetically responsive supports to immobilize peroxidases. Conclusively, magnetically separatable peroxidases show more stability towards extreme temperature and pH conditions and can be used for repeated cycles than free and non-magnetically separatable peroxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasira Khalid
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Umme Kalsoom
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Zainab Ahsan
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China.
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16
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Nadeem M, Khan R, Shah N, Bangash IR, Abbasi BH, Hano C, Liu C, Ullah S, Hashmi SS, Nadhman A, Celli J. A Review of Microbial Mediated Iron Nanoparticles (IONPs) and Its Biomedical Applications. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 12:nano12010130. [PMID: 35010080 PMCID: PMC8746504 DOI: 10.3390/nano12010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is a booming avenue in science and has a multitude of applications in health, agriculture, and industry. It exploits materials’ size at nanoscale (1–100 nm) known as nanoparticles (NPs). These nanoscale constituents are made via chemical, physical, and biological methods; however, the biological approach offers multiple benefits over the other counterparts. This method utilizes various biological resources for synthesis (microbes, plants, and others), which act as a reducing and capping agent. Among these sources, microbes provide an excellent platform for synthesis and have been recently exploited in the synthesis of various metallic NPs, in particular iron. Owing to their biocompatible nature, superparamagnetic properties, small size efficient, permeability, and absorption, they have become an integral part of biomedical research. This review focuses on microbial synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles using various species of bacteria, fungi, and yeast. Possible applications and challenges that need to be addressed have also been discussed in the review; in particular, their antimicrobial and anticancer potentials are discussed in detail along with possible mechanisms. Moreover, some other possible biomedical applications are also highlighted. Although iron oxide nanoparticles have revolutionized biomedical research, issues such as cytotoxicity and biodegradability are still a major bottleneck in the commercialization of these nanoparticle-based products. Addressing these issues should be the topmost priority so that the biomedical industry can reap maximum benefit from iron oxide nanoparticle-based products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nadeem
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Integrative Biosciences, CECOS University, Peshawar 25100, Pakistan; (M.N.); (R.K.); (N.S.); (I.R.B.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (B.H.A.); (S.U.); (S.S.H.)
| | - Rijma Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Integrative Biosciences, CECOS University, Peshawar 25100, Pakistan; (M.N.); (R.K.); (N.S.); (I.R.B.)
| | - Nausheen Shah
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Integrative Biosciences, CECOS University, Peshawar 25100, Pakistan; (M.N.); (R.K.); (N.S.); (I.R.B.)
| | - Ishrat Rehman Bangash
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Integrative Biosciences, CECOS University, Peshawar 25100, Pakistan; (M.N.); (R.K.); (N.S.); (I.R.B.)
| | - Bilal Haider Abbasi
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (B.H.A.); (S.U.); (S.S.H.)
| | - Christophe Hano
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), Plant Lignans Team, INRAE USC1328, Eure Et Loir Campus, Université d’Orléans, F28000 Chartres, France;
| | - Chunzhao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers, Eco-textiles Institute of Biochemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Sana Ullah
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (B.H.A.); (S.U.); (S.S.H.)
| | - Syed Salman Hashmi
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (B.H.A.); (S.U.); (S.S.H.)
| | - Akhtar Nadhman
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Integrative Biosciences, CECOS University, Peshawar 25100, Pakistan; (M.N.); (R.K.); (N.S.); (I.R.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jonathan Celli
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA 02125, USA;
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17
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Srivastava N, Srivastava M, Alhazmi A, Mohammad A, Khan S, Pal DB, Haque S, Singh R, Mishra PK, Gupta VK. Sustainable green approach to synthesize Fe 3O 4/α-Fe 2O 3 nanocomposite using waste pulp of Syzygium cumini and its application in functional stability of microbial cellulases. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24371. [PMID: 34934128 PMCID: PMC8692407 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03776-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of nanomaterials following green routes have drawn much attention in recent years due to the low cost, easy and eco-friendly approaches involved therein. Therefore, the current study is focused towards the synthesis of Fe3O4/α-Fe2O3 nanocomposite using waste pulp of Jamun (Syzygium cumini) and iron nitrate as the precursor of iron in an eco-friendly way. The synthesized Fe3O4/α-Fe2O3 nanocomposite has been extensively characterized through numerous techniques to explore the physicochemical properties, including X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Ultraviolet-Vis spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscope, high resolution transmission electron microscope and vibrating sample magnetometer. Further, efficiency of the Fe3O4/α-Fe2O3 nanocomposite has been evaluated to improve the incubation temperature, thermal/pH stability of the crude cellulase enzymes obtained from the lab isolate fungal strain Cladosporium cladosporioides NS2 via solid state fermentation. It is found that the presence of 0.5% Fe3O4/α-Fe2O3 nanocomposite showed optimum incubation temperature and thermal stability in the long temperature range of 50–60 °C for 15 h along with improved pH stability in the range of pH 3.5–6.0. The presented study may have potential application in bioconversion of waste biomass at high temperature and broad pH range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Srivastava
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, U.P., 221005, India.
| | - Manish Srivastava
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, U.P., 221005, India
| | - Alaa Alhazmi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.,SMIRES for Consultation in Specialized Medical Laboratories, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Akbar Mohammad
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk, 38541, South Korea
| | - Saif Khan
- Department of Basic Dental and Medical Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dan Bahadur Pal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia.,Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludağ University, Görükle Campus, Nilüfer, Bursa, 16059, Turkey
| | - Rajeev Singh
- Department of Environmental Studies, Satyawati College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi, 110052, India
| | - P K Mishra
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, U.P., 221005, India
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK. .,Center for Safe and Improved Food, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK.
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18
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Vázquez-Ortega PG, López-Miranda J, Rojas-Contreras JA, Ilina A, Soto-Cruz NO, Páez-Lerma JB. Expression of a β-glucosidase from Trichoderma reesei in Escherichia coli using a synthetic optimized gene and stability improvements by immobilization using magnetite nano-support. Protein Expr Purif 2021; 190:106009. [PMID: 34742914 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2021.106009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The enzymatic conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to fermentable sugars is determined by the enzymatic activity of cellulases; consequently, improving enzymatic activity has attracted great interest in the scientific community. Cocktails of commercial cellulase often have low β-glucosidase content, leading to the accumulation of cellobiose. This accumulation inhibits the activity of the cellulolytic complex and can be used to determine the enzymatic efficiency of commercial cellulase cocktails. Here, a novel codon optimized β-glucosidase gene (B-glusy) from Trichoderma reesei QM6a was cloned and expressed in three strains of Escherichia coli (E. coli). The synthetic sequence containing an open reading frame (ORF) of 1491 bp was used to encode a polypeptide of 497 amino acid residues. The β-glucosidase recombinant protein that was expressed (57 kDa of molecular weight) was purified by Ni agarose affinity chromatography and visualized by SDS-PAGE. The recombinant protein was better expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3), and its enzymatic activity was higher at neutral pH and 30 °C (22.4 U/mg). Subsequently, the β-glucosidase was immobilized using magnetite nano-support, after which it maintained >65% of its enzymatic activity from pH 6 to 10, and was more stable than the free enzyme above 40 °C. The maximum immobilization yield had enzyme activity of 97.2%. In conclusion, β-glucosidase is efficiently expressed in the microbial strain E. coli BL21 (DE3) grown in a simplified culture medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perla Guadalupe Vázquez-Ortega
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Durango, Blvd. Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote. Col. Nueva Vizcaya, CP 34080, Durango, Dgo., Mexico
| | - Javier López-Miranda
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Durango, Blvd. Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote. Col. Nueva Vizcaya, CP 34080, Durango, Dgo., Mexico.
| | - Juan Antonio Rojas-Contreras
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Durango, Blvd. Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote. Col. Nueva Vizcaya, CP 34080, Durango, Dgo., Mexico
| | - Anna Ilina
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Blvd. V. Carranza e Ing. José Cárdenas V. Col. República Oriente, CP 25000, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Nicolás Oscar Soto-Cruz
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Durango, Blvd. Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote. Col. Nueva Vizcaya, CP 34080, Durango, Dgo., Mexico
| | - Jesús Bernardo Páez-Lerma
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Durango, Blvd. Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote. Col. Nueva Vizcaya, CP 34080, Durango, Dgo., Mexico
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19
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Bhardwaj N, Kumar B, Agrawal K, Verma P. Current perspective on production and applications of microbial cellulases: a review. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2021; 8:95. [PMID: 38650192 PMCID: PMC10992179 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-021-00447-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential of cellulolytic enzymes has been widely studied and explored for bioconversion processes and plays a key role in various industrial applications. Cellulase, a key enzyme for cellulose-rich waste feedstock-based biorefinery, has increasing demand in various industries, e.g., paper and pulp, juice clarification, etc. Also, there has been constant progress in developing new strategies to enhance its production, such as the application of waste feedstock as the substrate for the production of individual or enzyme cocktails, process parameters control, and genetic manipulations for enzyme production with enhanced yield, efficiency, and specificity. Further, an insight into immobilization techniques has also been presented for improved reusability of cellulase, a critical factor that controls the cost of the enzyme at an industrial scale. In addition, the review also gives an insight into the status of the significant application of cellulase in the industrial sector, with its techno-economic analysis for future applications. The present review gives a complete overview of current perspectives on the production of microbial cellulases as a promising tool to develop a sustainable and greener concept for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Bhardwaj
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400019, India
| | - Bikash Kumar
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - Komal Agrawal
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - Pradeep Verma
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India.
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20
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Immobilization of cellulase on magnetized multiwall carbon nanotubes (m-MWCNTs) synthesized via eco-friendly (water-based) method. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01874-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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21
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Rajnish KN, Samuel MS, John J A, Datta S, Chandrasekar N, Balaji R, Jose S, Selvarajan E. Immobilization of cellulase enzymes on nano and micro-materials for breakdown of cellulose for biofuel production-a narrative review. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 182:1793-1802. [PMID: 34058212 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose is a very abundant polymer that is found in nature. Cellulose has been used as a raw material for production of biofuels for many years. However, there are multiple processing steps that are required so that cellulose can be used as a raw material for biofuel production. One of the most important steps is the breakdown of cellulose into intermediate sugars which can then be a viable substrate for biofuel production. Cellulases are enzymes which play a role in the catalysis of the breakdown of cellulose into glucose. Nanomaterials and micromaterials have been gaining a lot of attention over the past few years for its potential in immobilizing enzymes for industrial procedures. Immobilization of enzymes on these nanomaterials has been observed to be of great value due to the improvement in thermal stability, pH stability, regenerative capacity, increase in activity and the reusability of enzymes. Similarly, there have been multiple reports of cellulase enzymes being immobilized on various nanoparticles. The immobilization of these cellulase enzymes have resulted in very efficient processing and provide a great and economic solution for the processing of cellulose for biofuel production. Hence in this paper, we review and discuss the various advantages and disadvantages of enzymes on various available nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Narayanan Rajnish
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Melvin S Samuel
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Ashwini John J
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Saptashwa Datta
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Narendhar Chandrasekar
- Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Sri Ramakrishna Engineering College, Coimbatore, India
| | - Ramachandran Balaji
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taiwan
| | - Sujin Jose
- School of Physics, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu 625021, India
| | - Ethiraj Selvarajan
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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22
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Gkantzou E, Chatzikonstantinou AV, Fotiadou R, Giannakopoulou A, Patila M, Stamatis H. Trends in the development of innovative nanobiocatalysts and their application in biocatalytic transformations. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 51:107738. [PMID: 33775799 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The ever-growing demand for cost-effective and innocuous biocatalytic transformations has prompted the rational design and development of robust biocatalytic tools. Enzyme immobilization technology lies in the formation of cooperative interactions between the tailored surface of the support and the enzyme of choice, which result in the fabrication of tremendous biocatalytic tools with desirable properties, complying with the current demands even on an industrial level. Different nanoscale materials (organic, inorganic, and green) have attracted great attention as immobilization matrices for single or multi-enzymatic systems. Aiming to unveil the potentialities of nanobiocatalytic systems, we present distinct immobilization strategies and give a thorough insight into the effect of nanosupports specific properties on the biocatalysts' structure and catalytic performance. We also highlight the development of nanobiocatalysts for their incorporation in cascade enzymatic processes and various types of batch and continuous-flow reactor systems. Remarkable emphasis is given on the application of such nanobiocatalytic tools in several biocatalytic transformations including bioremediation processes, biofuel production, and synthesis of bioactive compounds and fine chemicals for the food and pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gkantzou
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Alexandra V Chatzikonstantinou
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Renia Fotiadou
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Archontoula Giannakopoulou
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Michaela Patila
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Haralambos Stamatis
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
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23
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Ozyilmaz E, Alhiali A, Caglar O, Yilmaz M. Preparation of regenerable magnetic nanoparticles for cellulase immobilization: Improvement of enzymatic activity and stability. Biotechnol Prog 2021; 37:e3145. [PMID: 33720529 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
To obtain regenerable magnetic nanoparticles, triethoxy(3-isocyanatopropyl)silane and iminodiacetic acid (IZ) were used as the starting material and immobilized on Fe3 O4 nanoparticles. Copper ions (Cu2+ ions) were loaded on the Fe-IZ nanoparticles and used for cellulase immobilization. The support was characterized by spectroscopic methods (FTIR, NMR) and thermogravimetric analysis, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and vibrating sample magnetometer techniques. As a result of experiments, the amount of protein bound to immobilized cellulase (Fe-IZ-Cu-E) and cellulase activity was found to be 33.1 mg/g and 154 U/g at pH 5, 50°C, for 3 h. The results indicated that the free cellulase had kept only 50% of its activity after 2 h, while the Fe-IZ-Cu-E was observed to be around 77%, at 60°C. It was found that the immobilized cellulase maintained 93% of its initial catalytic activity after its sixth use. Furthermore, the Fe-IZ-Cu-E retained about 75% of its initial activity after 28 days of storage. To reuse the support material (Fe-IZ-Cu), it was regenerated by thorough washing with ammonia or imidazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Ozyilmaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Alhiali
- Department of Chemistry, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ozge Caglar
- Department of Chemistry, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Yilmaz
- Department of Chemistry, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
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24
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Bacterium Mediated Facile and Green Method for Optimized Biosynthesis of Gold Nanoparticles for Simple and Visual Detection of Two Metal Ions. J CLUST SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-020-01793-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Fotiadou R, Chatzikonstantinou AV, Hammami MA, Chalmpes N, Moschovas D, Spyrou K, Polydera AC, Avgeropoulos A, Gournis D, Stamatis H. Green Synthesized Magnetic Nanoparticles as Effective Nanosupport for the Immobilization of Lipase: Application for the Synthesis of Lipophenols. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:458. [PMID: 33670153 PMCID: PMC7916844 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work, hybrid zinc oxide-iron oxide (ZnOFe) magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized employing Olea europaea leaf aqueous extract as a reducing/chelating and capping medium. The resulting magnetic nanoparticles were characterized by basic spectroscopic and microscopic techniques, namely, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), exhibiting a spherical shape, average size of 15-17 nm, and a functionalized surface. Lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus (TLL) was efficiently immobilized on the surface of ZnOFe nanoparticles through physical absorption. The activity of immobilized lipase was found to directly depend on the enzyme to support the mass ratio, and also demonstrated improved pH and temperature activity range compared to free lipase. Furthermore, the novel magnetic nanobiocatalyst (ZnOFe-TLL) was applied to the preparation of hydroxytyrosyl fatty acid esters, including derivatives with omega-3 fatty acids, in non-aqueous media. Conversion yields up to 90% were observed in non-polar solvents, including hydrophobic ionic liquids. Different factors affecting the biocatalyst performance were studied. ZnOFe-TLL was reutilized for eight subsequent cycles, exhibiting 90% remaining esterification activity (720 h of total operation at 50 °C). The green synthesized magnetic nanoparticles, reported here for the first time, are excellent candidates as nanosupports for the immobilization of enzymes with industrial interest, giving rise to nanobiocatalysts with elevated features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renia Fotiadou
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (R.F.); (A.V.C.); (A.C.P.)
| | - Alexandra V. Chatzikonstantinou
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (R.F.); (A.V.C.); (A.C.P.)
| | - Mohamed Amen Hammami
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;
| | - Nikolaos Chalmpes
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (N.C.); (D.M.); (K.S.); (A.A.); (D.G.)
| | - Dimitrios Moschovas
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (N.C.); (D.M.); (K.S.); (A.A.); (D.G.)
| | - Konstantinos Spyrou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (N.C.); (D.M.); (K.S.); (A.A.); (D.G.)
| | - Angeliki C. Polydera
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (R.F.); (A.V.C.); (A.C.P.)
| | - Apostolos Avgeropoulos
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (N.C.); (D.M.); (K.S.); (A.A.); (D.G.)
| | - Dimitrios Gournis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (N.C.); (D.M.); (K.S.); (A.A.); (D.G.)
| | - Haralambos Stamatis
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (R.F.); (A.V.C.); (A.C.P.)
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Johnson M, Gaffney C, White V, Bechelli J, Balaraman R, Trad T. Non-hydrolytic synthesis of caprylate capped cobalt ferrite nanoparticles and their application against Erwinia carotovora and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:10845-10853. [PMID: 33180891 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02283g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic cobalt Ferrite nanoparticles capped with caprylate groups, CH3(CH2)6CO2-, have been synthesized using a novel non-hydrolytic coprecipitation method under inert conditions. Particle diameter was characterized using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The spinel ferrite crystal phase was verified using X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the presence of the capping agent was confirmed using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Bactericidal effects of the particles were tested against broth cultures of Erwinia carotovora and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. The final particles had an average diameter of 3.81 nm and readily responded to a neodymium magnet. The particles did have a significant effect on the OD600 of both broth cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, Texas 77340, USA.
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Green biogenic approach to optimized biosynthesis of noble metal nanoparticles with potential catalytic, antioxidant and antihaemolytic activities. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Lei J, Qi L, Luo Z. Pickering Emulsion-Based Microreactors for Size-Selective Interfacial Enzymatic Catalysis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:950. [PMID: 32974304 PMCID: PMC7471251 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we have developed a mild and effective method to prepare a metal-organic framework (MOF)-based microcapsule by the self-assembly of pre-synthesized zeolite imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) nanoparticles at the oil-water interface combined with deposition of a dense ZIF-8 coating outside the capsule. By introducing the enzyme Candida antarctica lipase B (CalB) directly into the stabilizer ZIF-8 or the water phase of Pickering emulsion during the preparation process, we achieved that the enzyme was immobilized within the shell (CalB@ZIF-8@cap) or in the cavity (ZIF-8@cap-CalB) of the microcapsules, respectively. The resulting CalB-loaded microcapsules were robust and had a core-shell structure proved by scanning electron microscopy. Meanwhile, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was conducted to confirm the encapsulation of enzymes in the microcapsules and their position in the microcapsules was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy. Furthermore, through the comparison of transesterification reactions between a pair of small substrates and a pair of larger ones, the two types of CalB-loaded microcapsules showed great catalytic activity, stability and size selectivity, and the catalytic activity of CalB@ZIF-8@cap was slightly higher than that of ZIF-8@cap-CalB. Importantly, due to the large size of the microcapsules, the catalyst could be separated from the reaction system by sedimentation, thereby reducing the energy consumption for separation. These kinds of multifunctional MOF-enzyme composites may open up new opportunities for the biocatalysis and microreactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieqing Lei
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Qi
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Luo
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,South China Institute of Collaborative Innovation, Dongguan, China.,Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou, China
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Huang W, Pan S, Li Y, Yu L, Liu R. Immobilization and characterization of cellulase on hydroxy and aldehyde functionalized magnetic Fe 2O 3/Fe 3O 4 nanocomposites prepared via a novel rapid combustion process. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 162:845-852. [PMID: 32592783 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this work, magnetic Fe2O3/Fe3O4 nanocomposites were prepared via a novel rapid combustion process. The silica was precipitated on the surface of Fe2O3/Fe3O4 nanocomposites. The silica-coated magnetic nanocomposites were cross-linked with glutaraldehyde, on which cellulase was covalently immobilized. The morphology, composition, and property of the prepared nanomaterials were characterized by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), the X-ray diffraction (XRD), the vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The immobilization conditions were optimized by varying operating parameters and determined to be 0.05 mL of 0.5% cellulase solution for 2 h. The catalytic stabilities of the immobilized cellulase were evaluated. The results showed that the immobilized cellulases performed higher apparent activity at pH 4.5 and exhibited good thermal stability compared with their free counterparts. The Michaelis-Menten equation showed that Km and Vmax of free cellulase were 3.46 mol·L-1 and 0.53 mol·min-1, respectively. The immobilized cellulase had higher Km and Vmax (18.99 mol·L-1 and 0.59 mol·min-1). The retained activity of the immobilized cellulase maintained over 71% of the initial activity after being used for five cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Shuai Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - You Li
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Lulu Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Ruijiang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
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